Tarikh (al-Tabari) 1987
The Caliphate of ʿUthmān b. ʿAffān
ثُمَّ إِنَّ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ سَعْدٍ لَمَّا وُلِّيَ أَرْسَلَ إِلَى عُثْمَانَ فِي غَزْوِ إِفْرِيقِيَّةَ، وَالِاسْتِكْثَارِ مِنَ الْجُمُوعِ عَلَيْهَا وَفَتْحِهَا، فَاسْتَشَارَ عُثْمَانُ مَنْ عِنْدَهُ مِنَ الصَّحَابَةِ، فَأَشَارَ أَكْثَرُهُمْ بِذَلِكَ، فَجَهَّزَ إِلَيْهِ الْعَسَاكِرَ مِنَ الْمَدِينَةِ، وَفِيهِمْ جَمَاعَةٌ مِنْ أَعْيَانِ الصَّحَابَةِ، مِنْهُمْ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عَبَّاسٍ وَغَيْرُهُ، فَسَارَ بِهِمْ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ سَعْدٍ إِلَى إِفْرِيقِيَّةَ. فَلَمَّا وَصَلُوا إِلَى بَرْقَةَ لَقِيَهُمْ عُقْبَةُ بْنُ نَافِعٍ فِيمَنْ مَعَهُ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ، وَكَانُوا بِهَا، وَسَارُوا إِلَى طَرَابُلُسَ الْغَرْبِ فَنَهَبُوا مَنْ عِنْدَهَا مِنَ الرُّومِ. وَسَارَ نَحْوَ إِفْرِيقِيَّةَ وَبَثَّ السَّرَايَا فِي كُلِّ نَاحِيَةٍ، وَكَانَ مَلِكُهُمُ اسْمُهُ جُرْجِيرُ، وَمُلْكُهُ مِنْ طَرَابُلُسَ إِلَى طَنْجَةَ، وَكَانَ هِرَقْلُ مَلِكُ الرُّومِ قَدْ وَلَّاهُ إِفْرِيقِيَّةَ، فَهُوَ يَحْمِلُ إِلَيْهِ الْخَرَاجَ كُلَّ سَنَةٍ. فَلَمَّا بَلَغَهُ خَبَرُ الْمُسْلِمِينَ تَجَهَّزَ وَجَمَعَ الْعَسَاكِرَ وَأَهْلَ الْبِلَادِ، فَبَلَغَ عَسْكَرُهُ مِائَةَ أَلْفٍ وَعِشْرِينَ أَلْفَ فَارِسٍ، وَالْتَقَى هُوَ وَالْمُسْلِمُونَ بِمَكَانٍ بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَ مَدِينَةِ سُبَيْطِلَةَ يَوْمٌ وَلَيْلَةٌ، وَهَذِهِ الْمَدِينَةُ كَانَتْ ذَلِكَ الْوَقْتَ دَارَ الْمُلْكِ، فَأَقَامُوا هُنَاكَ يَقْتَتِلُونَ كُلَّ يَوْمٍ، وَرَاسَلَهُ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ سَعْدٍ يَدْعُوهُ إِلَى الْإِسْلَامِ أَوِ الْجِزْيَةِ، فَامْتَنَعَ مِنْهُمَا وَتَكَبَّرَ عَنْ قَبُولِ أَحَدِهِمَا. وَانْقَطَعَ خَبَرُ الْمُسْلِمِينَ عَنْ عُثْمَانَ، فَسَيَّرَ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ الزُّبَيْرِ فِي جَمَاعَةٍ إِلَيْهِمْ لِيَأْتِيَهُ بِأَخْبَارِهِمْ، فَسَارَ مُجِدًّا وَوَصَلَ إِلَيْهِمْ وَأَقَامَ مَعَهُمْ، وَلَمَّا وَصَلَ كَثُرَ الصِّيَاحُ وَالتَّكْبِيرُ فِي الْمُسْلِمِينَ، فَسَأَلَ جُرْجِيرُ عَنِ الْخَبَرِ فَقِيلَ قَدْ أَتَاهُمْ عَسْكَرٌ، فَفَتَّ ذَلِكَ فِي عَضُدِهِ. وَرَأَى عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ قِتَالَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ كُلَّ يَوْمٍ مِنْ بَكْرَةٍ إِلَى الظُّهْرِ، فَإِذَا أَذَّنَ الظُّهْرُ عَادَ كُلُّ فَرِيقٍ إِلَى خِيَامِهِ، وَشَهِدَ الْقِتَالَ مِنَ الْغَدِ فَلَمْ يَرَ ابْنَ أَبِي سَرْحٍ مَعَهُمْ، فَسَأَلَ عَنْهُ، فَقِيلَ إِنَّهُ سَمِعَ مُنَادِيَ جُرْجِيرَ يَقُولُ: مَنْ قَتَلَ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ سَعْدٍ فَلَهُ مِائَةُ أَلْفِ دِينَارٍ وَأُزَوِّجُهُ ابْنَتِي، وَهُوَ يَخَافُ، فَحَضَرَ عِنْدَهُ وَقَالَ لَهُ: تَأْمُرُ مُنَادِيًا يُنَادِي: مَنْ أَتَانِي بِرَأْسِ جُرْجِيرَ نَفَّلْتُهُ مِائَةَ أَلْفٍ وَزَوَّجْتُهُ ابْنَتَهُ وَاسْتَعْمَلْتُهُ عَلَى بِلَادِهِ. فَفَعَلَ ذَلِكَ، فَصَارَ جُرْجِيرُ يَخَافُ أَشَدَّ مِنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ. ثُمَّ إِنَّ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ الزُّبَيْرِ قَالَ لِعَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ: إِنْ أَمْرَنَا يَطُولُ مَعَ هَؤُلَاءِ، وَهُمْ فِي أَمْدَادٍ مُتَّصِلَةٍ وَبِلَادٍ هِيَ لَهُمْ، وَنَحْنُ مُنْقَطِعُونَ عَنِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ وَبِلَادِهِمْ، وَقَدْ رَأَيْتُ أَنْ نَتْرُكَ غَدًا جَمَاعَةً صَالِحَةً مِنْ أَبْطَالِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ فِي خِيَامِهِمْ مُتَأَهِّبِينَ، وَنُقَاتِلُ نَحْنُ الرُّومَ فِي بَاقِي الْعَسْكَرِ إِلَى أَنْ يَضْجَرُوا وَيَمَلُّوا ، فَإِذَا رَجَعُوا إِلَى خِيَامِهِمْ وَرَجَعَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ رَكِبَ مَنْ كَانَ فِي الْخِيَامِ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ، وَلَمْ يَشْهَدُوا الْقِتَالَ وَهُمْ مُسْتَرِيحُونَ، وَنَقْصِدُهُمْ عَلَى غِرَّةٍ، فَلَعَلَّ اللَّهَ يَنْصُرُنَا عَلَيْهِمْ، فَأَحْضَرَ جَمَاعَةً مِنْ أَعْيَانِ الصَّحَابَةِ وَاسْتَشَارَهُمْ فَوَافَقُوهُ عَلَى ذَلِكَ. فَلَمَّا كَانَ الْغَدُ فَعَلَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ مَا اتَّفَقُوا عَلَيْهِ، وَأَقَامَ جَمِيعُ شُجْعَانِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ فِي خِيَامِهِمْ، وَخُيُولُهُمْ عِنْدَهُمْ مُسْرَجَةٌ، وَمَضَى الْبَاقُونَ فَقَاتَلُوا الرُّومَ إِلَى الظُّهْرِ قِتَالًا شَدِيدًا. فَلَمَّا أُذِّنَ بِالظُّهْرِ هَمَّ الرُّومُ بِالِانْصِرَافِ عَلَى الْعَادَةِ، فَلَمْ يُمَكِّنْهُمُ ابْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ وَأَلَحَّ عَلَيْهِمْ بِالْقِتَالِ حَتَّى أَتْعَبَهُمْ، ثُمَّ عَادَ عَنْهُمْ هُوَ وَالْمُسْلِمُونَ، فَكُلٌّ مِنَ الطَّائِفَتَيْنِ أَلْقَى سِلَاحَهُ وَوَقَعَ تَعِبًا، فَعِنْدَ ذَلِكَ أَخَذَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ مَنْ كَانَ مُسْتَرِيحًا مِنْ شُجْعَانِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ، وَقَصَدَ الرُّومَ، فَلَمْ يَشْعُرُوا بِهِمْ حَتَّى خَالَطُوهُمْ، وَحَمَلُوا حَمْلَةَ رَجُلٍ وَاحِدٍ وَكَبَّرُوا، فَلَمْ يَتَمَكَّنِ الرُّومُ مِنْ لُبْسِ سِلَاحِهِمْ، حَتَّى غَشِيَهُمُ الْمُسْلِمُونَ وَقُتِلَ جُرْجِيرُ، قَتَلَهُ ابْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ، وَانْهَزَمَ الرُّومُ، وَقُتِلَ مِنْهُمْ مَقْتَلَةٌ عَظِيمَةٌ، وَأُخِذَتِ ابْنَةُ الْمَلِكِ جُرْجِيرَ سَبِيَّةً. وَنَازَلَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ سَعْدٍ الْمَدِينَةَ، فَحَصَرَهَا حَتَّى فَتَحَهَا، وَرَأَى فِيهَا مِنَ الْأَمْوَالِ مَا لَمْ يَكُنْ فِي غَيْرِهَا، فَكَانَ سَهْمُ الْفَارِسِ ثَلَاثَةَ آلَافِ دِينَارٍ وَسَهْمُ الرَّاجِلِ أَلْفَ دِينَارٍ. وَلَمَّا فَتَحَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ مَدِينَةَ سُبَيْطِلَةَ بَثَّ جُيُوشَهُ فِي الْبِلَادِ فَبَلَغَتْ قَفْصَةَ، فَسَبَوْا وَغَنِمُوا، وَسَيَّرَ عَسْكَرًا إِلَى حِصْنِ الْأَجَمِ، وَقَدِ احْتَمَى بِهِ أَهْلُ تِلْكَ الْبِلَادِ، فَحَصَرَهُ وَفَتَحَهُ بِالْأَمَانِ، فَصَالَحَهُ أَهْلُ إِفْرِيقِيَّةَ عَلَى أَلْفَيْ أَلْفٍ وَخَمْسِمِائَةِ أَلْفِ دِينَارٍ، وَنَفَّلَ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ الزُّبَيْرِ ابْنَةَ الْمَلِكِ، وَأَرْسَلَهُ إِلَى عُثْمَانَ بِالْبِشَارَةِ بِفَتْحِ إِفْرِيقِيَّةَ، وَقِيلَ: إِنَّ ابْنَةَ الْمَلِكِ وَقَعَتْ لِرَجُلٍ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ فَأَرْكَبَهَا بَعِيرًا وَارْتَجَزَ بِهَا يَقُولُ: يَا ابْنَةَ جُرْجِيرَ تَمَشَّيْ عُقْبَتِكْ إِنَّ عَلَيْكِ بِالْحِجَازِ رَبَّتِكْ لَتَحْمِلِنَّ مِنْ قَبَاءَ قِرْبَتِكْ ثُمَّ إِنَّ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ سَعْدٍ عَادَ مِنْ إِفْرِيقِيَّةَ إِلَى مِصْرَ، وَكَانَ مُقَامُهُ بِإِفْرِيقِيَّةَ سَنَةً وَثَلَاثَةَ أَشْهُرٍ، وَلَمْ يَفْقِدْ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ إِلَّا ثَلَاثَةَ نَفَرٍ، قُتِلَ مِنْهُمْ أَبُو ذُؤَيْبٍ الْهُذَلِيُّ الشَّاعِرُ فَدُفِنَ هُنَاكَ، وَحُمِلَ خُمُسُ إِفْرِيقِيَّةَ إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ، فَاشْتَرَاهُ مَرْوَانُ بْنُ الْحَكَمِ بِخَمْسِمِائَةِ أَلْفِ دِينَارٍ، فَوَضَعَهَا عَنْهُ عُثْمَانُ، وَكَانَ هَذَا مِمَّا أُخِذَ عَلَيْهِ. وَهَذَا أَحْسَنُ مَا قِيلَ فِي خُمُسِ إِفْرِيقِيَّةَ، فَإِنَّ بَعْضَ النَّاسِ يَقُولُ: أَعْطَى عُثْمَانُ خُمُسَ إِفْرِيقِيَّةَ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ سَعْدٍ، وَبَعْضُهُمْ يَقُولُ: أَعْطَاهُ مَرْوَانَ بْنَ الْحَكَمِ. وَظَهَرَ بِهَذَا أَنَّهُ أَعْطَى عَبْدَ اللَّهِ خُمُسَ الْغَزْوَةِ الْأُولَى، وَأَعْطَى مَرْوَانَ خُمُسَ الْغَزْوَةِ الثَّانِيَةِ الَّتِي افْتُتِحَتْ فِيهَا جَمِيعُ إِفْرِيقِيَّةَ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ. ذكر انْتِقَاضِ إِفْرِيقِيَّةَ وَفَتْحِهَا ثَانِيَةً كَانَ هِرَقْلُ مَلِكُ الْقُسْطَنْطِينِيَّةِ يُؤَدِّي إِلَيْهِ كُلُّ مَلِكٍ مِنْ مُلُوكِ النَّصَارَى الْخَرَاجَ، فَهُمْ مِنْ مِصْرَ وَإِفْرِيقِيَّةَ وَالْأَنْدَلُسِ وَغَيْرِ ذَلِكَ، فَلَمَّا صَالَحَ أَهْلُ إِفْرِيقِيَّةَ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ سَعْدٍ أَرْسَلَ هِرَقْلُ إِلَى أَهْلِهَا بِطْرِيقًا لَهُ، وَأَمَرَهُ أَنْ يَأْخُذَ مِنْهُمْ مِثْلَ مَا أَخَذَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ، فَنَزَلَ الْبِطْرِيقُ فِي قَرْطَاجَنَّةَ، وَجَمَعَ أَهْلَ إِفْرِيقِيَّةَ وَأَخْبَرَهُمْ بِمَا أَمَرَهُ الْمَلِكُ، فَأَبَوْا عَلَيْهِ، وَقَالُوا: نَحْنُ نُؤَدِّي مَا كَانَ يُؤْخَذُ مِنَّا، وَقَدْ كَانَ يَنْبَغِي لَهُ أَنْ يُسَامِحَنَا لِمَا نَالَهُ الْمُسْلِمُونَ مِنَّا. وَكَانَ قَدْ قَامَ بِأَمْرِ إِفْرِيقِيَّةَ بَعْدَ قَتْلِ جُرْجِيرَ رَجُلٌ آخَرُ مِنَ الرُّومِ، فَطَرَدَهُ الْبِطْرِيقُ. بَعْدَ فِتَنٍ كَثِيرَةٍ، فَسَارَ إِلَى الشَّامِ وَبِهِ مُعَاوِيَةُ وَقَدِ اسْتَقَرَّ لَهُ الْأَمْرُ بَعْدَ قَتْلِ عَلِيٍّ، فَوَصَفَ لَهُ إِفْرِيقِيَّةَ وَطَلَبَ أَنْ يُرْسِلَ مَعَهُ جَيْشًا، فَسَيَّرَ مُعَاوِيَةُ بْنُ أَبِي سُفْيَانَ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنَ حُدَيْجٍ السَّكُونِيَّ. فَلَمَّا وَصَلُوا إِلَى الْإِسْكَنْدَرِيَّةِ هَلَكَ الرُّومِيُّ، وَمَضَى ابْنُ حُدَيْجٍ فَوَصَلَ إِلَى إِفْرِيقِيَّةَ وَهِيَ نَارٌ تَضْطَرِمُ، وَكَانَ مَعَهُ عَسْكَرٌ عَظِيمٌ، فَنَزَلَ عِنْدَ قَمُونِيَّةَ، وَأَرْسَلَ الْبِطْرِيقُ إِلَيْهِ ثَلَاثِينَ أَلْفَ مُقَاتِلٍ. فَلَمَّا سَمِعَ بِهِمْ مُعَاوِيَةُ سَيَّرَ إِلَيْهِمْ جَيْشًا مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ، فَقَاتَلُوهُمْ، فَانْهَزَمَتِ الرُّومُ، وَحَصَرَ حِصْنَ جَلُولَاءَ، فَلَمْ يَقْدِرْ عَلَيْهِ، فَانْهَدَمَ سُورُ الْحِصْنِ، فَمَلَكَهُ الْمُسْلِمُونَ وَغَنِمُوا مَا فِيهِ، وَبَثَّ السَّرَايَا، فَسَكَنَ النَّاسُ وَأَطَاعُوا، وَعَادَ إِلَى مِصْرَ. ثُمَّ لَمْ يَزَلْ أَهْلُ إِفْرِيقِيَّةَ مِنْ أَطْوَعِ أَهْلِ الْبُلْدَانِ وَأَسْمَعِهِمْ، إِلَى زَمَانِ هِشَامِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ، حَتَّى دَبَّ إِلَيْهِمْ أَهْلُ الْعِرَاقِ وَاسْتَثَارُوهُمْ، فَشَقُّوا الْعَصَا، وَفَرَّقُوا بَيْنَهُمْ إِلَى الْيَوْمِ، وَكَانُوا يَقُولُونَ: لَا نُخَالِفُ الْأَئِمَّةَ بِمَا تَجْنِي الْعُمَّالُ. فَقَالُوا لَهُمْ: إِنَّمَا يَعْمَلُ هَؤُلَاءِ بِأَمْرِ أُولَئِكَ. فَقَالُوا: حَتَّى نُخْبِرَهُمْ، فَخَرَجَ مَيْسَرَةُ فِي بِضْعَةٍ وَعِشْرِينَ رَجُلًا، فَقَدِمُوا عَلَى هِشَامٍ فَلَمْ يُؤْذَنْ لَهُمْ، فَدَخَلُوا عَلَى الْأَبْرَشِ فَقَالُوا: أَبْلِغْ أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ أَنَّ أَمِيرَنَا يَغْزُو بِنَا وَبِجُنْدِهِ، فَإِذَا غَنِمْنَا نَفَّلَهُمْ، وَيَقُولُ: هَذَا أَخْلَصُ لِجِهَادِنَا، وَإِذَا حَاصَرْنَا مَدِينَةً قَدَّمَنَا وَأَخَّرَهُمْ، وَيَقُولُ: هَذَا ازْدِيَادٌ فِي الْأَجْرِ، وَمِثْلُنَا كَفَى إِخْوَانَهُ، ثُمَّ إِنَّهُمْ عَمَدُوا إِلَى مَاشِيتِنَا، فَجَعَلُونَا يَبْقُرُونَ بُطُونَهَا عَنْ سِخَالِهَا، يَطْلُبُونَ الْفِرَاءَ الْبِيضَ لِأَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، فَيَقْتُلُونَ أَلْفَ شَاةٍ فِي جِلْدٍ، فَاحْتَمَلْنَا ذَلِكَ، ثُمَّ إِنَّهُمْ سَامُونَا أَنْ يَأْخُذُوا كُلَّ جَمِيلَةٍ مِنْ بَنَاتِنَا، فَقُلْنَا: لَمْ نَجِدْ هَذَا فِي كِتَابٍ وَلَا سُنَّةٍ وَنَحْنُ الْمُسْلِمُونَ، فَأَحْبَبْنَا أَنْ نَعْلَمَ أَعَنْ رَأْيِ أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ هَذَا أَمْ لَا ؟ فَطَالَ عَلَيْهِمُ الْمُقَامُ وَنَفِدَتْ نَفَقَاتُهُمْ، فَكَتَبُوا أَسْمَاءَهُمْ وَدَفَعُوهَا إِلَى وُزَرَائِهِ وَقَالُوا: إِنْ سَأَلَ عَنَّا أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ فَأَخْبِرُوهُ. ثُمَّ رَجَعُوا إِلَى إِفْرِيقِيَّةَ فَخَرَجُوا عَلَى عَامِلِ هِشَامٍ، فَقَتَلُوهُ وَاسْتَوْلَوْا عَلَى إِفْرِيقِيَّةَ، وَبَلَغَ الْخَبَرُ هِشَامًا، فَسَأَلَ عَنِ النَّفَرِ فَعَرَفَ أَسْمَاءَهُمْ، فَإِذَا هُمُ الَّذِينَ صَنَعُوا ذَلِكَ. وَقْعَةُ جُرْجِيرَ وَالْبَرْبَرِ مَعَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ وقتل ابن الزير له لَمَّا قَصَدَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ - وَهُمْ عِشْرُونَ أَلْفًا - إِفْرِيقِيَّةَ وَعَلَيْهِمْ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ سَعْدِ بْنِ أَبِي سَرْحٍ، وَفِي جَيْشِهِ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ، وَعَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عَمْرِو بْنِ الْعَاصِ، وَعَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ، صَمَدَ إِلَيْهِمْ مَلِكُ الْبَرْبَرِ جُرْجِيرُ فِي عِشْرِينَ وَمِائَةِ أَلْفٍ. وَقِيلَ: فِي مِائَتَيْ أَلْفٍ. فَلَمَّا تَرَاءَى الْجَمْعَانِ أَمَرَ جَيْشَهُ فَأَحَاطُوا بِالْمُسْلِمِينَ هَالَةً، فَوَقَفَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ فِي مَوْقِفٍ لَمْ يُرَ أَشْنَعَ مِنْهُ وَلَا أَخْوَفَ عَلَيْهِمْ مِنْهُ. قَالَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ: فَنَظَرْتُ إِلَى الْمَلِكِ جُرْجِيرَ مِنْ وَرَاءِ الصُّفُوفِ وَهُوَ رَاكِبٌ عَلَى بِرْذَوْنٍ وَجَارِيَتَانِ تُظِلَّانِهِ بِرِيشِ الطَّوَاوِيسِ، فَذَهَبْتُ إِلَى عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ سَعْدِ بْنِ أَبِي سَرْحٍ، فَسَأَلْتُهُ أَنْ يَبْعَثَ مَعِيَ مَنْ يَحْمِي ظَهْرِي وَأَقْصِدُ الْمَلِكَ، فَجَهَّزَ مَعِي جَمَاعَةً مِنَ الشُّجْعَانِ. قَالَ: فَأَمَرَ بِهِمْ فَحَمَوْا ظَهْرِي، وَذَهَبْتُ حَتَّى اخْتَرَقْتُ الصُّفُوفَ إِلَيْهِ - وَهُمْ يَظُنُّونَ أَنِّي فِي رِسَالَةٍ إِلَى الْمَلِكِ - فَلَمَّا اقْتَرَبْتُ مِنْهُ أَحَسَّ مِنِّي الشَّرَّ فَفَرَّ عَلَى بِرْذَوْنِهِ، فَلَحِقْتُهُ فَطَعَنْتُهُ بِرُمْحِي، وَذَفَفْتُ عَلَيْهِ بِسَيْفِي، وَأَخَذْتُ رَأْسَهُ فَنَصَبْتُهُ عَلَى رَأْسِ الرُّمْحِ، وَكَبَّرْتُ فَلَمَّا رَأَى ذَلِكَ الْبَرْبَرُ فَرِقُوا وَفَرُّوا كَفِرَارِ الْقَطَا، وَأَتْبَعَهُمُ الْمُسْلِمُونَ يَقْتُلُونَ وَيَأْسِرُونَ، فَغَنِمُوا غَنَائِمَ جَمَّةً، وَأَمْوَالًا كَثِيرَةً، وَسَبْيًا عَظِيمًا، وَذَلِكَ بِبَلَدٍ يُقَالُ لَهُ: سُبَيْطِلَةُ. عَلَى يَوْمَيْنِ مِنَ الْقَيْرَوَانِ. فَكَانَ هَذَا أَوَّلَ مَوْقِفٍ اشْتَهَرَ فِيهِ أَمْرُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ، ؓ وَعَنْ أَبِيهِ وَأَصْحَابِهِمَا أَجْمَعِينَ.
Translation
✧ Then, when ʿAbd Allāh b. Saʿd was appointed, he sent to ʿUthmān regarding raiding Ifrīqiyya, gathering larger forces against it, and conquering it. ʿUthmān consulted the Companions he had with him, and most of them advised that. So he dispatched armies to him from Madinah, including a group of prominent Companions, among them ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿAbbās and others. ʿAbd Allāh b. Saʿd marched with them to Ifrīqiyya. When they reached Barqa, ʿUqba b. Nāfiʿ met them with the Muslims with him, and they had been there. They marched to Tripoli of the West and plundered the Romans near it. He marched toward Ifrīqiyya and dispatched raiding parties in every direction. Their king's name was Jurjīr, and his dominion extended from Tripoli to Tangier. Heraclius, the king of the Romans, had appointed him over Ifrīqiyya, and he used to pay him tribute every year. When news of the Muslims reached him, he prepared, gathered armies and the people of the land, and his army reached one hundred and twenty thousand horsemen. He met the Muslims at a place one day and one night's distance from the city of Subayṭila. At that time, this city was the seat of royalty. They remained there fighting every day. ʿAbd Allāh b. Saʿd corresponded with him, calling him to Islam or the jizya, but he refused both and was too arrogant to accept either. News of the Muslims was cut off from ʿUthmān, so he sent ʿAbd Allāh b. al-Zubayr with a group to them to bring him their news. He traveled swiftly and reached them and stayed with them. When he arrived, shouting and takbīr increased among the Muslims. Jurjīr asked about the news and was told that an army had come to them, which weakened his resolve. ʿAbd Allāh b. al-Zubayr saw the Muslims fighting every day from morning until noon. When the noon call to prayer was given, each side returned to its tents. He witnessed the fighting the next day but did not see Ibn Abī Sarḥ with them, so he asked about him and was told that he had heard Jurjīr's crier saying: 'Whoever kills ʿAbd Allāh b. Saʿd shall have one hundred thousand dinars and I will marry him to my daughter,' and he was afraid. So he went to him and said: 'Order a crier to proclaim: Whoever brings me the head of Jurjīr, I will give him one hundred thousand as booty, marry him to his daughter, and appoint him over his lands.' He did that, and Jurjīr came to fear more intensely than ʿAbd Allāh. Then ʿAbd Allāh b. al-Zubayr said to ʿAbd Allāh b. Saʿd: 'Our affair with these people will be prolonged, for they have continuous reinforcements and lands belonging to them, while we are cut off from the Muslims and their lands. I think that tomorrow we should leave a good group of Muslim heroes in their tents, fully prepared, while we fight the Romans with the rest of the army until they become weary and bored. When they return to their tents and the Muslims return, those in the tents who did not witness the fighting, being rested, will mount, and we will catch them off guard. Perhaps God will grant us victory over them.' He summoned a group of prominent Companions and consulted them, and they agreed with him. The next day, ʿAbd Allāh did what they had agreed upon. He stationed all the brave Muslims in their tents with their horses saddled beside them. The rest went out and fought the Romans fiercely until noon. When the noon call was given, the Romans prepared to withdraw as usual, but Ibn al-Zubayr did not allow them and pressed them with fighting until he exhausted them. Then he and the Muslims withdrew from them. Both sides threw down their weapons and fell exhausted. At that moment, ʿAbd Allāh b. al-Zubayr took the rested Muslim heroes and headed for the Romans. They were unaware until they were among them. They charged as one man and shouted takbīr. The Romans could not put on their weapons before the Muslims were upon them. Jurjīr was killed—Ibn al-Zubayr killed him—and the Romans fled. A great number of them were killed, and the daughter of King Jurjīr was taken captive. ʿAbd Allāh b. Saʿd besieged the city and blockaded it until he conquered it. He saw in it wealth such as was not in any other place. The share of a horseman was three thousand dinars and the share of a foot soldier one thousand dinars. When ʿAbd Allāh conquered the city of Subayṭila, he dispersed his armies throughout the land, and they reached Qafṣa, taking captives and booty. He sent an army to the fortress of al-Ajam, where the people of those lands had taken refuge, and besieged it and conquered it under a guarantee of safety. The people of Ifrīqiyya made peace with him for two million five hundred thousand dinars. He gave the king's daughter as extra booty to ʿAbd Allāh b. al-Zubayr and sent him to ʿUthmān with the good news of the conquest of Ifrīqiyya. It is said that the king's daughter fell to a man from the Anṣār, who mounted her on a camel and recited rajaz about her, saying: O daughter of Jurjīr, walk your heels, Upon you in the Hijaz is your mistress, You shall surely carry from Qabāʾ your waterskin. Then ʿAbd Allāh b. Saʿd returned from Ifrīqiyya to Egypt. His stay in Ifrīqiyya was one year and three months. Only three men were lost from the Muslims. Among those killed was Abū Dhuʾayb al-Hudhalī, the poet, who was buried there. The fifth of Ifrīqiyya was carried to Madinah, and Marwān b. al-Ḥakam bought it for five hundred thousand dinars. ʿUthmān waived it for him, and this was among the things held against him. This is the best account regarding the fifth of Ifrīqiyya, for some people say that ʿUthmān gave the fifth of Ifrīqiyya to ʿAbd Allāh b. Saʿd, and others say he gave it to Marwān b. al-Ḥakam. It thus appears that he gave ʿAbd Allāh the fifth of the first raid, and gave Marwān the fifth of the second raid, in which all of Ifrīqiyya was conquered. And God knows best. Mention of the revolt of Ifrīqiyya and its second conquest Every king of the Christian kings paid tribute to Heraclius, the king of Constantinople—those of Egypt, Ifrīqiyya, al-Andalus, and others. When the people of Ifrīqiyya made peace with ʿAbd Allāh b. Saʿd, Heraclius sent to its people one of his patricians and ordered him to take from them the like of what the Muslims had taken. The patrician encamped at Qarṭājanna, gathered the people of Ifrīqiyya, and informed them of what the king had ordered. They refused, saying: 'We will pay what used to be taken from us. It would have been proper for him to excuse us because of what the Muslims inflicted on us.' After the killing of Jurjīr, another Roman had taken charge of Ifrīqiyya, and the patrician expelled him after much strife. He went to Syria, where Muʿāwiya was, after the matter had settled in his favor following the killing of ʿAlī. He described Ifrīqiyya to him and asked him to send an army with him. Muʿāwiya b. Abī Sufyān sent Muʿāwiya b. Ḥudayj al-Sakūnī. When they reached Alexandria, the Roman died. Ibn Ḥudayj continued and reached Ifrīqiyya while it was a blazing fire. He had a great army with him. He encamped near Qamūniyya. The patrician sent thirty thousand fighters against him. When Muʿāwiya heard of them, he sent an army of Muslims to them. They fought them, and the Romans were defeated. He besieged the fortress of Jalūlāʾ but could not take it. The wall of the fortress collapsed, and the Muslims took possession of it and seized what was in it. He dispatched raiding parties, and the people became peaceful and obedient. He then returned to Egypt. The people of Ifrīqiyya remained among the most obedient and compliant of the people of the lands until the time of Hishām b. ʿAbd al-Malik, when the people of Iraq crept in among them and incited them. They broke the staff and divided them until this day. They used to say: 'We do not oppose the imams because of what the governors commit.' They said to them: 'These governors act only by the command of those imams.' They said: 'Let us inform them first.' Maysara set out with some twenty-odd men and came to Hishām, but they were not granted permission. They entered upon al-Abrash and said: 'Inform the Commander of the Faithful that our governor raids with us and his troops. When we gain booty, he gives it to them as extra shares, saying: This is purer for our jihad. When we besiege a city, he puts us forward and holds them back, saying: This increases reward. The likes of us suffice his brothers. Then they went after our flocks and made us rip open their bellies for their lambs, seeking white furs for the Commander of the Faithful. They would kill a thousand sheep for one skin. We endured that. Then they demanded that they take every beautiful girl of our daughters. We said: We do not find this in the Book or the Sunna, and we are Muslims. We wished to know whether this is by the opinion of the Commander of the Faithful or not.' Their stay became prolonged, and their provisions ran out. They wrote down their names and gave them to his ministers, saying: 'If the Commander of the Faithful asks about us, inform him.' Then they returned to Ifrīqiyya and revolted against Hishām's governor, killed him, and took control of Ifrīqiyya. News reached Hishām, and he asked about the group and recognized their names—they were the ones who had done that. The battle of Jurjīr and the Berbers with the Muslims and the killing of him by Ibn al-Zubayr When the Muslims—twenty thousand strong, led by ʿAbd Allāh b. Saʿd b. Abī Sarḥ, with ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿUmar, ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿAmr b. al-ʿĀṣ, and ʿAbd Allāh b. al-Zubayr in his army—headed for Ifrīqiyya, the king of the Berbers, Jurjīr, advanced against them with one hundred and twenty thousand. It is also said: two hundred thousand. When the two armies came in sight of each other, he ordered his army, and they surrounded the Muslims like a halo. The Muslims stood in a position more terrible and more frightening than any they had seen. ʿAbd Allāh b. al-Zubayr said: I looked at King Jurjīr behind the ranks, riding a hackney, with two slave girls shading him with peacock feathers. I went to ʿAbd Allāh b. Saʿd b. Abī Sarḥ and asked him to send with me those who would protect my back while I make for the king. He equipped me with a group of brave men. He said: He ordered them, and they protected my back. I went until I pierced through the ranks to him—they thought I was on a message to the king. When I drew near him, he sensed evil from me and fled on his hackney. I caught up with him and stabbed him with my spear, then finished him with my sword. I took his head and set it on the spear point and shouted takbīr. When the Berbers saw that, they panicked and fled like the flight of sandgrouse. The Muslims pursued them, killing and capturing, and gained abundant booty, much wealth, and great captives. That was at a place called Subayṭila, two days from al-Qayrawān. This was the first occasion in which the matter of ʿAbd Allāh b. al-Zubayr, ؓ, his father, and all their companions, became renowned.
Grades by grader
No grade is recorded for this wording.