Dalil

Tarikh (al-Tabari) 1975

The caliphate of ʿUmar b. al-Khaṭṭāb

مَنْ تُوُفِّيَ فِي خِلَافَةِ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ،   ؓ الْأَقْرَعُ بْنُ حَابِسِ بْنِ عِقَالِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سُفْيَانَ بْنِ مُجَاشِعِ بْنِ دَارِمِ بْنِ مَالِكِ بْنِ حَنْظَلَةَ بْنِ مَالِكِ بْنِ زَيْدِ مَنَاةَ بْنِ تَمِيمٍ التَّمِيمِيُّ الْمُجَاشِعِيُّ. قَالَ ابْنُ دُرَيْدٍ: وَاسْمُهُ فِرَاسُ بْنُ حَابِسٍ، وَلُقِّبَ بِالْأَقْرَعِ لِقَرْعٍ فِي رَأْسِهِ. وَكَانَ أَحَدَ الرُّؤَسَاءِ، قَدِمَ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ، ﷺ، مَعَ وَفْدِ بَنِي تَمِيمٍ، وَهُوَ الَّذِي نَادَى مِنْ وَرَاءِ الْحُجُرَاتِ: يَا مُحَمَّدُ إِنَّ مَدْحِي زَيْنٌ، وَذَمِّي شَيْنٌ. وَهُوَ الْقَائِلُ - وَقَدْ رَأَى رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، ﷺ، يُقَبِّلُ الْحَسَنَ - أَتُقَبِّلُهُ ؟ ! وَاللَّهِ إِنَّ لِي عَشَرَةً مِنَ الْوَلَدِ مَا قَبَّلْتُ وَاحِدًا مِنْهُمْ. فَقَالَ: مَنْ لَا يَرْحَمُ لَا يُرْحَمُ. وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ: مَا أَمْلِكُ أَنْ نَزَعَ اللَّهُ الرَّحْمَةَ مِنْ قَلْبِكَ. وَكَانَ مِمَّنْ تَأَلَّفَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ، ﷺ، فَأَعْطَاهُ يَوْمَ حُنَيْنٍ مِائَةً مِنَ الْإِبِلِ، وَكَذَلِكَ لِعُيَيْنَةَ بْنِ حِصْنٍ الْفَزَارِيِّ، وَأَعْطَى عَبَّاسَ بْنَ مِرْدَاسٍ خَمْسِينَ مِنَ الْإِبِلِ فَقَالَ: أَتَجْعَلُ نَهْبِي وَنَهْبَ الْعُبَيْ دِ بَيْنَ عُيَيْنَةَ وَالْأَقْرَعِ     فَمَا كَانَ حِصْنٌ وَلَا حَابِسٌ يَفُوقَانِ مِرْدَاسَ فِي مَجْمَعِ     وَمَا كُنْتُ دُونَ امْرِئٍ مِنْهُمَا وَمَنْ تَخْفِضِ الْيَوْمَ لَا يُرْفَعِ فَقَالَ لَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ، ﷺ، " أَنْتَ الْقَائِلُ: أَتَجْعَلُ نَهْبِي وَنَهْبَ الْعُبَيْ     دِ بَيْنَ الْأَقْرَعِ وَعُيَيْنَةَ رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ. قَالَ السُّهَيْلِيُّ: إِنَّمَا قَدَّمَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ، ﷺ، ذِكْرَ الْأَقْرَعِ قَبْلَ عُيَيْنَةَ؛ لِأَنَّ الْأَقْرَعَ كَانَ خَيْرًا مِنْ عُيَيْنَةَ، وَلِهَذَا لَمْ يَرْتَدَّ بَعْدَ النَّبِيِّ، ﷺ، كَمَا ارْتَدَّ عُيَيْنَةُ، فَبَايَعَ طُلَيْحَةَ وَصَدَّقَهُ، ثُمَّ عَادَ. وَالْمَقْصُودُ أَنَّ الْأَقْرَعَ كَانَ سَيِّدًا مُطَاعًا، وَشَهِدَ مَعَ خَالِدٍ وَقَائِعَهُ بِأَرْضِ الْعِرَاقِ، وَكَانَ عَلَى مُقَدِّمَتِهِ يَوْمَ الْأَنْبَارِ. ذَكَرَهُ شَيْخُنَا فِي مَنْ تُوُفِّيَ فِي خِلَافَةِ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ.  وَالَّذِي ذَكَرَهُ ابْنُ الْأَثِيرِ فِي " الْغَابَةِ " أَنَّهُ اسْتَعْمَلَهُ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عَامِرٍ عَلَى جَيْشٍ وَسَيَّرَهُ إِلَى الْجُوزَجَانِ فَقُتِلَ وَقُتِلُوا جَمِيعًا، وَذَلِكَ فِي خِلَافَةِ عُثْمَانَ،. حباب بن المنذر بن الجموح حُبَابُ بْنُ الْمُنْذِرِ بْنِ الْجَمُوحِ بْنِ زَيْدِ بْنِ حَرَامِ بْنِ كَعْبِ بْنِ غَنْمِ بْنِ كَعْبِ بْنِ سَلَمَةَ. أَبُو عُمَرَ، وَيُقَالُ أَبُو عَمْرٍو الْأَنْصَارِيُّ الْخَزْرَجِيُّ السُّلَمِيُّ. وَيُقَالُ لَهُ: ذُو الرَّأْيِ. لِأَنَّهُ أَشَارَ يَوْمَ بَدْرٍ أَنْ يَنْزِلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ، ﷺ، عَلَى أَدْنَى مَاءٍ يَكُونُ إِلَى الْقَوْمِ، وَأَنْ يُغَوِّرَ مَا وَرَاءَهُمْ مِنَ الْقُلُبِ، فَأَصَابَ فِي هَذَا الرَّأْيِ، وَنَزَلَ الْمَلَكُ بِتَصْدِيقِهِ. وَأَمَّا قَوْلُهُ يَوْمَ السَّقِيفَةِ أَنَا جَذِيلُهَا الْمُحَكَّكُ، وَعُذَيْقُهَا الْمُرَجَّبُ، مِنَّا أَمِيرٌ وَمِنْكُمْ أَمِيرٌ. فَقَدْ رَدَّهُ عَلَيْهِ الصِّدِّيقُ وَالصَّحَابَةُ. رَبِيعَةُ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْمُطِّلِبِ الْهَاشِمِيُّ رَبِيعَةُ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْمُطِّلِبِ الْهَاشِمِيُّ، ابْنُ عَمِّ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ، ﷺ، عُتْبَةُ بْنُ مَسْعُودٍ الْهُذَلِيُّ، هَاجَرَ مَعَ أَخِيهِ لِأَبَوَيْهِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ إِلَى الْحَبَشَةِ، وَشَهِدَ أُحُدًا وَمَا بَعْدَهَا. قَالَ الزُّهْرِيُّ: مَا كَانَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بِأَفْقَهَ مِنْهُ، وَلَكِنْ مَاتَ عُتْبَةُ قَبْلَهُ. وَتُوُفِّيَ زَمَنَ عُمَرَ عَلَى الصَّحِيحِ. وَيُقَالُ: فِي زَمَنِ مُعَاوِيَةَ سَنَةَ أَرْبَعٍ وَأَرْبَعِينَ. عَلْقَمَةُ بْنُ عُلَاثَةَ بْنِ عَوْفِ بْنِ الْأَحْوَصِ بْنِ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ كِلَابِ بْنِ رَبِيعَةَ بْنِ عَامِرِ بْنِ صَعْصَعَةَ الْعَامِرِيُّ الْكِلَابِيُّ عَلْقَمَةُ بْنُ عُلَاثَةَ بْنِ عَوْفِ بْنِ الْأَحْوَصِ بْنِ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ كِلَابِ بْنِ رَبِيعَةَ بْنِ عَامِرِ بْنِ صَعْصَعَةَ الْعَامِرِيُّ الْكِلَابِيُّ، أَسْلَمَ عَامَ الْفَتْحِ، وَشَهِدَ حُنَيْنًا، وَأُعْطِيَ يَوْمَئِذٍ مِائَةً مِنَ الْإِبِلِ تَأْلِيفًا لِقَلْبِهِ، وَكَانَ يَكُونُ بِتِهَامَةَ، وَكَانَ شَرِيفًا مُطَاعًا فِي قَوْمِهِ، وَقَدِ ارْتَدَّ أَيَّامَ الصِّدِّيقِ؛ فَبَعَثَ إِلَيْهِ سَرِيَّةً؛ فَانْهَزَمَ ثُمَّ أَسْلَمَ وَحَسُنَ إِسْلَامُهُ، وَوَفَدَ عَلَى عُمَرَ فِي خِلَافَتِهِ وَقَدِمَ دِمَشْقَ فِي طَلَبِ مِيرَاثٍ لَهُ، وَيُقَالُ: اسْتَعْمَلَهُ عُمَرُ عَلَى حَوْرَانَ فَمَاتَ بِهَا. وَقَدْ كَانَ الْحُطَيْئَةُ قَصَدَهُ لِيَمْتَدِحَهُ فَمَاتَ قَبْلَ مَقْدَمِهِ بِلَيَالٍ فَقَالَ: فَمَا كَانَ بَيْنِي لَوْ لَقِيتُكَ سَالِمًا     وَبَيْنَ الْغِنَى إِلَّا لَيَالٍ قَلَائِلُ عَلْقَمَةُ بْنُ مُجَزِّزِ بْنِ الْأَعْوَرِ بْنِ جَعْدَةَ بْنِ مُعَاذِ بْنِ عُتْوَارَةَ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ مُدْلِجٍ الْكِنَانِيُّ الْمُدْلِجِيُّ عَلْقَمَةُ بْنُ مُجَزِّزِ بْنِ الْأَعْوَرِ بْنِ جَعْدَةَ بْنِ مُعَاذِ بْنِ عُتْوَارَةَ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ مُدْلِجٍ الْكِنَانِيُّ الْمُدْلِجِيُّ، أَحَدُ أُمَرَاءِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ، ﷺ، عَلَى بَعْضِ السَّرَايَا، فَأَجَّجَ نَارًا وَأَمَرَ أَصْحَابَهُ أَنْ يَدْخُلُوا فِيهَا فَامْتَنَعُوا، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ، ﷺ: لَوْ دَخَلُوا فِيهَا مَا خَرَجُوا مِنْهَا. وَقَالَ: إِنَّمَا الطَّاعَةُ فِي الْمَعْرُوفِ. وَقَدْ كَانَ عَلْقَمَةُ جَوَادًا مُمَدَّحًا، رَثَاهُ جَوَّاسٌ الْعُذْرِيُّ فَقَالَ: إِنَّ السَّلَامَ وَحُسْنَ كُلِّ تَحِيَّةٍ     تَغْدُو عَلَى ابْنِ مُجَزِّزٍ وَتَرُوحُ عُوَيْمُ بْنُ سَاعِدَةَ بْنِ عَائِشٍ أَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ الْأَنْصَارِيُّ الْأَوْسِيُّ عُوَيْمُ بْنُ سَاعِدَةَ بْنِ عَائِشٍ أَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ الْأَنْصَارِيُّ الْأَوْسِيُّ، أَحَدُ بَنِي عَمْرِو بْنِ عَوْفٍ، شَهِدَ الْعَقَبَةَ وَبَدْرًا وَمَا بَعْدَهَا، لَهُ حَدِيثٌ عِنْدَ أَحْمَدَ وَابْنِ مَاجَهْ فِي الِاسْتِنْجَاءِ بِالْمَاءِ. قَالَ ابْنُ عَبْدِ الْبَرِّ: تُوُفِّيَ فِي حَيَاةِ النَّبِيِّ، ﷺ، وَقِيلَ: فِي خِلَافَةِ عُمَرَ. وَقَالَ وَهُوَ وَاقِفٌ عَلَى قَبْرِهِ: لَا يَسْتَطِيعُ أَحَدٌ أَنْ يَقُولَ: أَنَا خَيْرٌ مِنْ صَاحِبِ هَذَا الْقَبْرِ، مَا نُصِبَتْ رَايَةٌ لِلنَّبِيِّ، ﷺ، إِلَّا وَهُوَ وَاقِفٌ تَحْتَهَا. وَقَدْ رَوَى هَذَا الْأَثَرَ ابْنُ أَبِي عَاصِمٍ، كَمَا أَوْرَدَهُ ابْنُ الْأَثِيرِ مِنْ طَرِيقِهِ. غَيْلَانُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ الثَّقَفِيُّ غَيْلَانُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ الثَّقَفِيُّ، أَسْلَمَ عَامَ الْفَتْحِ عَلَى عَشْرِ نِسْوَةٍ، فَأَمَرَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ، ﷺ، أَنْ يَخْتَارَ مِنْهُنَّ أَرْبَعًا. وَقَدْ وَفَدَ قَبْلَ الْإِسْلَامِ عَلَى كِسْرَى فَأَمَرَهُ أَنْ يَبْنِيَ لَهُ قَصْرًا بِالطَّائِفِ. وَقَدْ سَأَلَهُ كِسْرَى: أَيُّ وَلَدِكَ أَحَبُّ إِلَيْكَ ؟ قَالَ: الصَّغِيرُ حَتَّى يَكْبُرَ، وَالْمَرِيضُ حَتَّى يَبْرَأَ، وَالْغَائِبُ حَتَّى يَقْدَمَ. فَقَالَ لَهُ كِسْرَى: أَنَّى لَكَ هَذَا ! هَذَا كَلَامُ الْحُكَمَاءِ ! قَالَ: فَمَا غِذَاؤُكَ ؟ قَالَ: الْبُرُّ. قَالَ: نَعَمْ هَذَا مِنَ الْبُرِّ لَا مِنَ التَّمْرِ وَاللَّبَنِ. معمر بن الحارث بن حبيب مَعْمَرُ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ بْنِ حَبِيبِ بْنِ وَهْبِ بْنِ حُذَافَةَ بْنِ جُمَحَ الْقُرَشِيُّ الْجُمَحِيُّ، أَخُو حَاطِبٍ وَحَطَّابٍ، أُمُّهُمْ قُتَيْلَةُ بِنْتُ مَظْعُونٍ، أُخْتُ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ مَظْعُونٍ. أَسْلَمَ مَعْمَرٌ قَبْلَ دُخُولِ دَارِ الْأَرْقَمِ، وَشَهِدَ بَدْرًا وَمَا بَعْدَهَا، وَآخَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ، ﷺ، بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَ مُعَاذِ بْنِ عَفْرَاءَ. مَيْسَرَةُ بْنُ مَسْرُوقٍ الْعَبْسِيُّ مَيْسَرَةُ بْنُ مَسْرُوقٍ الْعَبْسِيُّ شَيْخٌ صَالِحٌ، قِيلَ: إِنَّهُ صَحَابِيٌّ. شَهِدَ الْيَرْمُوكَ وَدَخَلَ الرُّومَ أَمِيرًا عَلَى جَيْشٍ سِتَّةِ آلَافٍ، وَكَانَتْ لَهُ هِمَّةٌ عَالِيَةٌ، فَقَتَلَ وَسَبَى وَغَنِمَ، وَذَلِكَ فِي سَنَةِ عِشْرِينَ. وَرَوَى عَنْ أَبِي عُبَيْدَةَ، وَعَنْهُ أَسْلَمُ مَوْلَى عُمَرَ. لَمْ يَذْكُرْهُ ابْنُ الْأَثِيرِ فِي " الْغَابَةِ ". وَاقِدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ مَنَافِ بْنِ عَرِينٍ الْحَنْظَلِيُّ الْيَرْبُوعِيُّ وَاقِدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ مَنَافِ بْنِ عَرِينٍ الْحَنْظَلِيُّ الْيَرْبُوعِيُّ، حَلِيفُ بَنِي عَدِيِّ بْنِ كَعْبٍ، أَسْلَمَ قَبْلَ دَارِ الْأَرْقَمِ، وَشَهِدَ بَدْرًا وَمَا بَعْدَهَا، وَآخَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ، ﷺ، بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَ بِشْرِ بْنِ الْبَرَاءِ بْنِ مَعْرُورٍ، وَهُوَ أَوَّلُ مَنْ قَتَلَ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ، عَزَّ وَجَلَّ، بِبَطْنِ نَخْلَةَ مَعَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ جَحْشٍ حِينَ قَتَلَ عَمْرَو بْنَ الْحَضْرَمِيِّ. تُوُفِّيَ فِي خِلَافَةِ عُمَرَ، ؓ. أَبُو خِرَاشٍ الْهُذَلِيُّ أَبُو خِرَاشٍ الْهُذَلِيُّ الشَّاعِرُ وَاسْمُهُ خُوَيْلِدُ بْنُ مُرَّةَ، كَانَ يَسْبِقُ الْخَيْلَ عَلَى قَدَمَيْهِ، وَكَانَ فَتَّاكًا فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ، ثُمَّ أَسْلَمَ وَحَسُنَ إِسْلَامُهُ، وَتُوُفِّيَ فِي زَمَنِ عُمَرَ. أَتَاهُ حُجَّاجٌ، فَذَهَبَ يَأْتِيهِمْ بِمَاءٍ فَنَهَشَتْهُ حَيَّةٌ فَرَجَعَ إِلَيْهِمْ بِالْمَاءِ، وَأَعْطَاهُمْ شَاةً وَقِدَرًا وَلَمْ يُعْلِمْهُمْ بِمَا جَرَى لَهُ، فَأَصْبَحَ فَمَاتَ فَدَفَنُوهُ. ذَكَرَهُ ابْنُ عَبْدِ الْبَرِّ، وَابْنُ الْأَثِيرِ فِي أَسْمَاءِ الصَّحَابَةِ. وَالظَّاهِرُ أَنَّهُ لَيْسَتْ لَهُ وِفَادَةٌ، وَإِنَّمَا أَسْلَمُ فِي حَيَاةِ النَّبِيِّ، ﷺ، فَهُوَ مُخَضْرَمٌ. وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ. أَبُو لَيْلَى عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ كَعْبِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو الْأَنْصَارِيُّ أَبُو لَيْلَى عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ كَعْبِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو الْأَنْصَارِيُّ، شَهِدَ أُحُدًا وَمَا بَعْدَهَا إِلَّا تَبُوكَ فَإِنَّهُ تَخَلَّفَ لِعُذْرِ الْفَقْرِ، وَهُوَ أَحَدُ الْبَكَّائِينَ الْمَذْكُورِينَ. سَوْدَةُ بِنْتُ زَمْعَةَ الْقُرَشِيَّةُ الْعَامِرِيَّةُ أُمُّ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ سَوْدَةُ بِنْتُ زَمْعَةَ الْقُرَشِيَّةُ الْعَامِرِيَّةُ أُمُّ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، أَوَّلُ مَنْ دَخَلَ بِهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ، ﷺ، بَعْدَ خَدِيجَةَ، ؓ، وَكَانَتْ صَوَّامَةً قَوَّامَةً. وَيُقَالُ: كَانَ فِي خُلُقِهَا حِدَّةٌ. وَقَدْ كَبِرَتْ فَأَرَادَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ، ﷺ، أَنْ يُفَارِقَهَا - وَيُقَالُ: بَلْ فَارَقَهَا - فَقَالَتْ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ لَا تُفَارِقُنِي وَأَنَا أَجْعَلُ يَوْمِي لِعَائِشَةَ. فَتَرَكَهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ، ﷺ، وَصَالَحَهَا عَلَى ذَلِكَ. وَفِي ذَلِكَ أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ، عَزَّ وَجَلَّ: وَإِنِ امْرَأَةٌ خَافَتْ مِنْ بَعْلِهَا نُشُوزًا أَوْ إِعْرَاضًا فَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْهِمَا أَنْ يُصْلِحَا بَيْنَهُمَا صُلْحًا وَالصُّلْحُ خَيْرٌ الْآيَةَ [ النِّسَاءِ: 128 ]. قَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ: نَزَلَتْ فِي سَوْدَةَ بِنْتِ زَمْعَةَ. تُوُفِّيَتْ فِي خِلَافَةِ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ هِنْدُ بْنُ عُتْبَةَ، يُقَالُ: مَاتَتْ فِي خِلَافَةِ عُمَرَ. وَقِيلَ: تُوُفِّيَتْ قَبْلَ ذَلِكَ. كَمَا تَقَدَّمَ. فَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ. قَتَادَةُ بْنُ النُّعْمَانِ الْأَنْصَارِيُّ، وَهُوَ الَّذِي رَدَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، عَيْنَهُ، وَصَلَّى عَلَيْهِ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ، وَهُوَ بَدْرِيٌّ، وَقِيلَ: تُوُفِّيَّ سَنَةَ أَرْبَعٍ وَعِشْرِينَ. الْأَخْنَسُ بْنُ شَرِيقٍ: وَاسْمُهُ أُبَيُّ [بْنُ] شَرِيقِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ وَهْبٍ، [وَكَانَ اسْمُهُ أُبَيٌّ] فَلَمَّا أَشَارَ عَلَى بَنِي زُهْرَةَ بِالرُّجُوعِ إِلَى مَكَّةَ حِينَ تَوَجَّهُوا فِي النَّفِيرِ إِلَى بَدْرٍ يَمْنَعُوا الْعِيرَ فَقَبِلُوا مِنْهُ، قِيلَ: خَنَسَ بِهِمْ، فَسُمِّيَ الْأَخْنَسَ يَوْمَئِذٍ. أَسْلَمَ يَوْمَ فَتْحِ مَكَّةَ، وَشَهِدَ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ حُنَيْنًا، فَأَعْطَاهُ مَعَ الْمُؤَلَّفَةِ قُلُوبُهُمْ. وَتُوُفِّيَ فِي أَوَّلِ خِلَافَةِ عُمَرَ ؓ سُلَيْمٌ، أَبُو كَبْشَةَ، مَوْلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ: مِنْ مُوَلَّدِي أَرْضِ دَوْسٍ، شَهِدَ بَدْرًا، وَالْمَشَاهِدَ كُلَّهَا، وَتُوُفِّيَ يَوْمَ اسْتَخْلَفَ عُمَرُ، وَذَلِكَ يَوْمَ الثُّلَاثَاءِ لِثَمَانٍ بَقِينَ مِنْ جُمَادَى الْآخِرَةِ مِنْ هَذِهِ السَّنَةِ] عَمْرُو بْنُ الطُّفَيْلِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ طَرِيفِ بْنِ الْعَاصِ بْنِ ثَعْلَبَةَ بْنِ سُلَيْمٍ: كَانَ أَبُوهُ وَرَدَ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِمَكَّةَ. فَلَمَّا ارْتَدَّتِ الْعَرَبُ خَرَجَ مَعَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ فَجَاهَدَ، ثُمَّ سَارَ مَعَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ إِلَى الْيَمَامَةِ وَمَعَهُ ابْنُهُ عَمْرٌو، فَقُتِلَ الطُّفَيْلُ بِالْيَمَامَةِ،  وَقُطِعَتْ يَدُ ابْنِهِ، ثُمَّ اسْتَبَلَّ وَصَحَّتْ يَدُهُ. فَبَيْنَا هُوَ عِنْدَ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ ؓ إِذْ أُتِيَ بِطَعَامٍ فَتَنَحَّى عَنْهُ، فَقَالَ عُمَرُ: مَا لَكَ لَعَلَّكَ تَنَحَّيْتَ لِمَكَانِ يَدِكَ؟ قَالَ: أَجَلْ، قَالَ: وَاللَّهِ لَا أَذُوقُهُ حَتَّى تَسُوطَهُ بِيَدِكَ، فَوَاللَّهِ مَا فِي الْقَوْمِ أَحَدٌ بَعْضُهُ فِي الْجَنَّةِ غَيْرُكَ. ثُمَّ خَرَجَ عَامَ الْيَرْمُوكِ فِي خِلَافَةِ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ ؓ فَقُتِلَ شَهِيدًا. الْحَارِثُ بْنُ قَيْسِ بْنِ خَالِدِ بْنِ مَخْلَدِ بْنِ عَامِرٍ، أَبُو خَالِدٍ: شَهِدَ الْعَقَبَةَ مَعَ السَّبْعِينَ، وَبَدْرًا،  وَالْمَشَاهِدَ كُلَّهَا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ. وَشَهِدَ الْيَمَامَةَ مَعَ خَالِدِ بْنِ الْوَلِيدِ، فَجُرِحَ يَوْمَئِذٍ وَانْدَمَلَ، ثُمَّ انْتَقَضَ بِهِ فَمَاتَ، فَهُوَ يُعَدُّ مِنْ شُهَدَاءِ الْيَمَامَةِ. زِيَادُ بْنُ لَبِيدِ بْنِ ثَعْلَبَةَ بْنِ سِنَانِ بْنِ عَامِرِ بْنِ عَدِيٍّ: شَهِدَ الْعَقَبَةَ مَعَ السَّبْعِينَ، وَكَانَ لَمَّا أَسْلَمَ يَكْسِرُ أَصْنَامَ بَنِي بَيَاضَةَ. وَخَرَجَ زِيَادٌ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَأَقَامَ مَعَهُ بِمَكَّةَ وَهَاجَرَ مَعَهُ إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ، فَهُوَ مُهَاجِرِيٌّ أَنْصَارِيٌّ، وَشَهِدَ بَدْرًا وَالْمَشَاهِدَ كُلَّهَا مَعَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ. وَتُوُفِّيَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَهُوَ عَامِلُهُ عَلَى حَضْرَمَوْتَ، وَوَلِيَ قِتَالَ أَهْلِ الرِّدَّةِ بِالْيَمَنِ حِينَ ارْتَدَّ أَهْلُ الْبَحْرَيْنِ مَعَ الْأَشْعَثِ بْنِ قَيْسٍ فَظَفِرَ بِهِمْ فَقَتَلَ مَنْ قَتَلَ وَأَسَرَ مَنْ أَسَرَ، وَبَعَثَ بِالْأَشْعَثِ بْنِ قَيْسٍ إِلَى أَبِي بَكْرٍ فِي وَثَاقٍ. [ سَلَمَةُ بْنُ أَسْلَمَ: شَهِدَ بَدْرًا وَالْمَشَاهِدَ كُلَّهَا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَقُتِلَ بِالْعِرَاقِ يَوْمَ جِسْرِ أَبِي عُبَيْدٍ الثَّقَفِيِّ وَهُوَ ابْنُ ثَلَاثٍ وَسِتِّينَ سَنَةً. سَلَمَةُ بْنُ هِشَامِ بْنِ الْمُغِيرَةِ: أَسْلَمَ بِمَكَّةَ قَدِيمًا، وَهَاجَرَ إِلَى الْحَبَشَةِ، ثُمَّ عَادَ إِلَى مَكَّةَ فَحَبَسَهُ أَبُو جَهْلٍ وَضَرَبَهُ وَأَجَاعَهُ، وَكَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَدْعُو لَهُ فِي صَلَاتِهِ، يَقُولُ: "اللَّهُمَّ أَنْجِ سَلَمَةَ بْنَ هِشَامٍ، وَعَيَّاشَ بْنَ رَبِيعَةَ، وَالْوَلِيدَ بْنَ الْوَلِيدِ وَضَعَفَةَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ؟". أَفْلَتَ سَلَمَةُ فَلَحِقَ بِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَوْمَ الْخَنْدَقِ، فَلَمَّا بَعَثَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ ؓ الْجُنُودَ لِجِهَادِ الرُّومِ قُتِلَ سَلَمَةُ بِمَرْجِ الصِّفْرِ شَهِيدًا فِي مَحْرَمِ هَذِهِ السَّنَةِ. سليط بن قيس بن عمرو بن عبيد سَلِيطُ بْنُ قَيْسِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ عُبَيْدٍ: شَهِدَ بَدْرًا وَالْمَشَاهِدَ كُلَّهَا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَقُتِلَ يَوْمَ جِسْرِ أَبِي عُبَيْدٍ ] عُثْمَانُ بْنُ عَامِرِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ كَعْبٍ، أَبُو قُحَافَةَ: أَبُو أَبِي بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقِ ؓ، أَسْلَمَ يَوْمَ الْفَتْحِ. وعَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي يَحْيَى بْنُ عَبَّادِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، ] عَنْ أَسْمَاءَ بِنْتِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، قَالَتْ: لَمَّا دَخَلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مَكَّةَ وَاطْمَأَنَّ وَجَلَسَ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ أَتَاهُ أَبُو بَكْرٍ بِأَبِي قُحَافَةَ، فَلَمَّا رَآهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: "يَا أَبَا بَكْرٍ، أَلَا تَرَكْتَ الشَّيْخَ حَتَّى أَكُونَ أَنَا الَّذِي أَمْشِي إِلَيْهِ؟". فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، هُوَ أَحَقُّ أَنْ يَمْشِيَ إِلَيْكَ مِنْ أَنْ تَمْشِيَ إِلَيْهِ فَأَجْلَسَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ وَوَضَعَ يَدَهُ عَلَى قَلْبِهِ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: "يَا أَبَا قُحَافَةَ، أَسْلِمْ تَسْلَمْ". قَالَ: فَأَسْلَمَ وَشَهِدَ شَهَادَةَ الْحَقِّ. قَالَ: وَأُدْخِلَ عَلَيْهِ وَرَأْسُهُ وَلِحْيَتُهُ كَأَنَّهَا ثُغَامَةٌ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: "غَيِّرُوا هَذَا الشَّيْبَ، وَجَنِّبُوهُ السَّوَادَ".  وعن أَبُو مُوسَى مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْمُثَنَّى ]، قَالَ: مَاتَ أَبُو قُحَافَةَ بِمَكَّةَ سَنَةَ أَرْبَعَ عَشْرَةَ. قَالَ عُلَمَاءُ السِّيَرِ: تُوُفِّيَ أَبُو قُحَافَةَ بِمَكَّةَ فِي مَحْرَمٍ سَنَةَ أَرْبَعَ عَشْرَةَ،  وَهُوَ ابْنُ سَبْعٍ وَتِسْعِينَ سَنَةً بَعْدَ مَوْتِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ ؓ بِسِتَّةِ أَشْهُرٍ وَأَيَّامٍ. عَفْرَاءُ بِنْتُ عُبَيْدِ بْنِ ثَعْلَبَةَ: أَسْلَمَتْ وَبَايَعَتْ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَرَزَقَهَا اللَّهُ سَبْعَ بَنِينَ، شَهِدُوا كُلُّهُمْ بَدْرًا مُسْلِمِينَ، وَذَلِكَ أَنَّهَا تَزَوَّجَتِ الْحَارِثَ بْنَ رِفَاعَةَ، فَوَلَدَتْ لَهُ مُعَاذًا وَمُعَوِّذًا، ثُمَّ طَلَّقَهَا فَقَدِمَتْ مَكَّةَ فَتَزَوَّجَهَا بَكْرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ يَالِيلَ، فَوَلَدَتْ لَهُ خَالِدًا، وَإِيَاسًا، وَعَاقِلًا، وَعَامِرًا، ثُمَّ رَجَعَتْ إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ فَرَاجَعَهَا الْحَارِثُ بْنُ رِفَاعَةَ فَوَلَدَتْ لَهُ عَوْفًا، فَشَهِدُوا كُلُّهُمْ بَدْرًا مُسْلِمِينَ. وَاسْتُشْهِدَ مُعَاذٌ وَمُعَوِّذٌ وَعَاقِلٌ بِبَدْرٍ، وَخَالِدٌ يَوْمَ الرَّجِيعِ، وَعَامِرٌ يَوْمَ بِئْرِ مَعُونَةَ، وَإِيَاسٌ يَوْمَ الْيَمَامَةِ، وَالْبَقِيَّةُ مِنْهُمْ لِعَوْفٍ. [ فَرْوَةُ بْنُ عَمْرِو بْنِ وَذْفَةَ بْنِ عُبَيْدٍ: شَهِدَ الْعَقَبَةَ مَعَ السَّبْعِينَ،  وَشَهِدَ بَدْرًا وَالْمَشَاهِدَ كُلَّهَا مَعَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَاسْتَعْمَلَهُ عَلَى الْمَغَانِمِ يَوْمَ خَيْبَرَ، وَكَانَ يَبْعَثُهُ خَارِصًا بِالْمَدِينَةِ، نَوْفَلُ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ بْنِ هَاشِمٍ: وَكَانَ لَهُ وَلَدٌ اسْمُهُ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ يُشَبَّهُ بِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَهُوَ أَوَّلُ مَنْ وَلِيَ قَضَاءَ الْمَدِينَةِ فِي خِلَافَةِ مُعَاوِيَةَ، وَوَلَدٌ آخَرُ اسْمُهُ سَعْدٌ، وَكَانَ فَقِيهًا. وعن هِشَامُ [بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ السَّائِبِ الْكَلْبِيُّ ] عَنْ أَبِيهِ، قَالَ: لَمَّا أَخْرَجَ الْمُشْرِكُونَ مَنْ كَانَ بِمَكَّةَ مِنْ بَنِي هَاشِمٍ إِلَى بَدْرٍ كَرْهًا كَانَ فِيهِمْ نَوْفَلٌ، فَأْنَشَأَ يَقُولُ: حَرَامٌ عَلَيَّ حَرْبُ أَحْمَدَ إِنَّنِي     أَرَى أَحْمَدًا مِنِّي قَرِيبًا أَوَاصِرُهْ فَإِنْ تَكُ فِهْرٌ أَلَّبَتْ وَتَجَمَّعَتْ     عَلَيْهِ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ لَا شَكَ نَاصِرُهْ قَالَ الْمُصَنِّفُ: ثُمَّ أُسِرَ نَوْفَلٌ بِبَدْرٍ، فَقَالَ لَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: "افْدِ نَفْسَكَ بِرِمَاحِكَ الَّتِي بِجُدَّةَ"، قَالَ: أَشْهَدُ أَنَّكَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ، فَفَدَى نَفْسَهُ بِهَا، وَكَانَتْ أَلْفَ رُمْحٍ، وَكَانَ أَسَنَّ مِنْ حَمْزَةَ وَالْعَبَّاسِ. وَرَجَعَ إِلَى مَكَّةَ، ثُمَّ هَاجَرَ هُوَ وَالْعَبَّاسُ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَيَّامَ الْخَنْدَقِ، وَشَهِدَ فَتْحَ مَكَّةَ وَالطَّائِفِ، وَثَبَتَ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَوْمَ حُنَيْنٍ، وَأَعَانَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَوْمَئِذٍ بِثَلَاثَةِ آلَافِ رُمْحٍ، وَتُوُفِّيَ بَعْدَ أَنِ اسْتُخْلِفَ عُمَرُ بِسَنَةٍ وَثَلَاثَةِ أَشْهُرٍ، فَصَلَّى عَلَيْهِ عُمَرُ، وَتَبِعَهُ إِلَى الْبَقِيعِ حَتَّى دُفِنَ هُنَاكَ. أُمُّ عِمَارَةَ، وَاسْمُهَا نَسِيبَةُ، بِفَتْحِ النُّونِ وَكَسْرِ السِّينِ، بِنْتُ كَعْبِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ عَوْفٍ الْأَنْصَارِيَّةُ: أَسْلَمَتْ وَحَضَرَتِ الْعَقَبَةَ، وَبَايَعَتْ وَشَهِدَتْ أُحُدًا وَالْحُدَيْبِيَةَ وَخَيْبَرَ وَحُنَيْنًا وَعُمْرَةَ الْقَضَاءِ وَيَوْمَ الْيَمَامَةِ. وَرَوَى عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ ؓ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: "مَا الْتَفَتُّ يَوْمَ أُحُدٍ يَمِينًا وَشِمَالًا إِلَّا وَأَرَاهَا تُقَاتِلُ دُونِي". قَالَ الْوَاقِدِيُّ: قَاتَلَتْ يَوْمَ أُحُدٍ، وَجُرِحَتِ اثْنَتَيْ عَشْرَةَ جِرَاحَةً، وَدَاوَتْ جُرْحًا فِي عُنُقِهَا سَنَةً، ثُمَّ نَادَى مُنَادِي رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ: إِلَى حَمْرَاءِ الْأَسَدِ، فَشَدَّتْ عَلَيْهَا ثِيَابَهَا فَمَا اسْتَطَاعَتْ مِنْ نَزْفِ الدَّمِ، وَخَرَجَتْ مَعَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ فِي قِتَالِ أَهْلِ الرِّدَّةِ، فَبَاشَرَتِ الْحَرْبَ بِنَفْسِهَا حَتَّى قَتَلَ اللَّهُ مُسَيْلِمَةَ، وَرَجَعَتْ وَبِهَا عَشْرُ جِرَاحَاتٍ مِنْ طَعْنَةٍ وَضَرْبَةٍ. أُمُّ سُلَيْطٍ بِنْتُ عُبَيْدِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ الْأَنْصَارِيَّةُ: أَسْلَمَتْ وَبَايَعَتْ وَشَهِدَتْ أُحُدًا وَخَيْبَرَ وَحُنَيْنًا، وَتُوُفِّيَتْ فِي هَذِهِ السَّنَةِ. قَالَ] ثَعْلَبَةُ بْنُ أَبِي مَالِكٍ: إِنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ ؓ قَسَّمَ مُرُوطًا بَيْنَ نِسَاءِ أَهْلِ الْمَدِينَةِ، فَبَقِيَ مِنْهَا مِرْطٌ جَيِّدٌ، فَقَالَ لَهُ بَعْضُ مَنْ عِنْدَهُ: يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، أَعْطِ هَذَا ابْنَةَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ الَّتِي عِنْدَكَ -يُرِيدُونَ أُمَّ كُلْثُومٍ-، فَقَالَ: أُمُّ سُلَيْطٍ أَحَقُّ بِهِ، فَإِنِّهَا مِمَّنْ بَايَعَتْ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَكَانَتْ تَزْفِرُ لَنَا الْقِرَبَ يَوْمَ أُحُدٍ.  سَعْدُ بْنُ عُبَادَةَ بْنِ دُلَيْمِ بْنِ حَارِثَةَ بْنِ ثَعْلَبَةَ، أَبُو ثَابِتٍ الْخَزْرَجِيُّ  : كَانَ يَكْتُبُ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ، وَكَانَتِ الْكِتَابَةُ فِي الْعَرَبِ قَلِيلًا، وَكَانَ يُحْسِنُ الْعَوْمَ وَالرَّمْيَ، وَكَانَ مَنِ اجْتَمَعَ لَهُ ذَلِكَ يُسَمَّى الْكَامِلَ، وَكَانَ سَعْدُ بْنُ عُبَادَةَ وَعِدَّةٌ مِنْ آبَاءٍ لَهُ قَبْلَهُ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ يُنَادَى عَلَى أُطُمِهِمْ: مَنْ أَحَبَّ الشَّحْمَ وَاللَّحْمَ فَلْيَأْتِ أُطُمَ دُلَيْمِ بْنِ حَارِثَةَ، وَكَانَ يُنَادَى عَلَى أُطُمِ أَبِيهِ أَيْضًا. [أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ الْمُقْرِي بِإِسْنَادِهِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ] بْنِ سِيرِينَ، قَالَ: كَانَ أَهْلُ الصُّفَّةِ إِذَا أَمْسَوْا يَنْطَلِقُ الرَّجُلُ بِالرَّجُلِ، وَالرَّجُلُ بِالرَّجُلَيْنِ، وَالرَّجُلُ بِالْخَمْسَةِ، فَأَمَّا سَعْدُ بْنُ عُبَادَةَ فَكَانَ يَنْطَلِقُ بِثَمَانِينَ كُلَّ لَيْلَةٍ.   عَنِ ابْنِ سِيرِينَ: أَنَّ سَعْدَ بْنَ عُبَادَةَ كَانَ يَبْسُطُ ثَوْبَهُ وَيَقُولُ: اللَّهُمَّ وَسِّعْ عَلَيَّ، فَإِنَّهُ لَا يَسَعُنِي إِلَّا الْكَثِيرُ. عَنْ هِشَامٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ]: أَنَّ سَعْدَ بْنَ عُبَادَةَ كَانَ يَدْعُو: اللَّهُمَّ هَبْ لِي حَمْدًا وَمَجْدًا، لَا مَجْدَ إِلَّا بِفِعَالٍ، وَلَا فِعَالَ إِلَّا بِمَالٍ،  اللَّهُمَّ لَا يُصْلِحُنِي الْقَلِيلُ، وَلَا أَصْلُحُ عَلَيْهِ. يَحْيَى، يَعْنِي ابْنَ أَبِي كَثِيرٍ ] قَالَ: كَانَ لِلنَّبِيِّ ﷺ مِنْ سَعْدٍ كُلَّ يَوْمٍ جَفْنَةٌ تَدُورُ مَعَهُ حَيْثُ دَارَ، وَكَانَ يَقُولُ: اللَّهُمَّ ارْزُقْنِي مَالًا فَلَا يَصْلُحُ الْفِعَالُ إِلَّا بِمَالٍ. قَالَ عُلَمَاءُ السِّيَرِ: أَسْلَمَ سَعْدٌ وَشَهِدَ الْعَقَبَةَ مَعَ السَّبْعِينَ، وَكَانَ أَحَدَ النُّقَبَاءِ الِاثْنَيْ عَشَرَ،  وَتَهَيَّأَ لِلْخُرُوجِ إِلَى بَدْرٍ فَنُهِشَ فَأَقَامَ، وَشَهِدَ أُحُدًا وَالْمَشَاهِدَ بَعْدَهَا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ. وَلَمَّا تُوُفِّيَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ اجْتَمَعَتِ الْأَنْصَارُ فَأَمَّرُوهُ، فَلَمَّا بُويِعَ لِأَبِي بَكْرٍ لَمْ يُبَايِعْهُ سَعْدٌ، وَلَا بَايَعَ عُمَرَ، وَخَرَجَ إِلَى الشَّامِ، وَمَاتَ بِحُورَانَ. وَكَانَ سَبَبُ مَوْتِهِ أَنَّهُ جَلَسَ يَبُولُ فِي نَفَقٍ، فَاقْتُتِلَ مِنْ سَاعَتِهِ، وَوَجَدُوهُ قَدِ اخْضَرَّ جِلْدُهُ، وَسَمِعَ غِلْمَانٌ بِالْمَدِينَةِ قَائِلًا يَقُولُ مِنْ بِئْرٍ فَقَالَ: نَحْنُ قَتَلْنَا سَيِّدَ الْخَزْرَجِ سَعْدَ بْنَ عُبَادَهْ     وَرَمَيْنَاهُ بِسَهْمَيْنِ فَلَمْ تُخْطِ فُؤَادَهْ فَذُعِرَ الْغِلْمَانُ فَحَفِظُوا ذَلِكَ الْيَوْمَ فَوَجَدُوهُ الْيَوْمَ الَّذِي مَاتَ فِيهِ سَعْدٌ بِحُورَانَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ الزِّبَعْرَى بْنِ قَيْسِ بْنِ عَدِيِّ بْنِ سَعْدِ بْنِ سَهْمٍ السَّاعِدِيُّ: كَانَ يَهْجُو أَصْحَابَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَيُحَرِّضُ الْمُشْرِكِينَ عَلَى الْمُسْلِمِينَ فِي شِعْرِهِ، وَيُهَاجِي حَسَّانَ بْنَ ثَابِتَ وَغَيْرَهُ مِنْ شُعَرَاءِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ، وَيَسِيرُ مَعَ قُرَيْشٍ حَيْثُ سَارَتْ لِحَرْبِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَلَمَّا دَخَلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مَكَّةَ عَامَ الْفَتْحِ هَرَبَ حَتَّى انْتَهَى إِلَى نَجْرَانَ، فَدَخَلَ حِصْنَهَا، وَقَالَ لِأَهْلِهَا: أَمَّا قُرَيْشٌ فَقَدْ قُتِلَتْ وَدَخَلَ مُحَمَّدٌ مَكَّةَ، وَنَحْنُ نَرَى أَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا سَائِرٌ إِلَى حِصْنِكُمْ، فَجَعَلُوا يُصْلِحُونَ مَا رَثَّ مِنْ حِصْنِهِمْ، وَيَجْمَعُونَ مَاشِيَتَهُ، ثُمَّ انْحَدَرَ ابْنُ الزِّبَعْرَى إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، وَقَالَ يَعْتَذِرُ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ: يَا رَسُولَ الْمَلِيكِ إِنَّ لِسَانِي     رَاتِقٌ مَا فَتَقْتُ إِذْ أَنَا بُورُ إِذْ أُجَارِي الشَّيْطَانَ فِي سَنَنِ الْغَيِّ     وَمَنْ مَالَ مَيْلُهُ مَثْبُورُ يَشْهَدُ السَّمْعُ وَالْفُؤَادُ بِمَا قُلْتُ     وَنَفَسِي الشَّهِيدُ وَهْيَ الْخَبِيرُ إِنَّ مَا جِئْتَنَا بِهِ حَقُّ صِدْقٍ     سَاطِعٌ نُورُهُ مُضِيءٌ مُنِيرُ جِئْتَنَا بِالْيَقِينِ وَالصِّدْقِ وَالْبِرِّ     وَفِي الصِّدْقِ وَالسُّرُورِ السُّرُورُ أَذْهَبَ اللَّهُ ظُلْمَةَ الْجَهْلِ عَنَّا     وَأَتَانَا الرَّخَاءُ وَالْمَيْسُورُ وَقَالَ أَيْضًا يَعْتَذِرُ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ: مَنَعَ الرُّقَادَ بَلَابِلٌ وَهُمُومُ     وَاللَّيْلُ مُعْتَلِجُ الرِّوَاقِ بَهِيمُ مِمَّا أَتَانِي أَنَّ أَحْمَدَ لَامَنِي     فِيهِ فَبِتُّ كَأَنَّنِي مَحْمُومُ يَا خَيْرَ مَنْ حَمَلَتْ عَلَى أَوْصَالِهَا     عَيْرَانَةٌ سُرُحُ الْيَدَيْنِ غَشُومُ إِنِّي لَمُعْتَذِرٌ إِلَيْكَ مِنَ الَّذِي     أَسْدَيْتُ إِذْ أَنَا فِي الضَّلَالِ أَهِيمُ أَيَّامَ تَأْمُرُنِي بِأَسْوَأِ خُطَّةٍ     سَهْمٌ وَتَأْمُرُنِي بِهَا مَخْزُومُ وَأَمُدُّ أَسْبَابَ الرَّدَى وَيَقُودُنِي     أَمْرُ الْغُوَاةِ وَأَمْرُهُمْ مَشْئُومُ مَضَتِ الْعَدَاوَةُ وَانْقَضَتْ أَسْبَابُهَا     وَأَتَتْ أَوَاصِرُ بَيْنَنَا وَحُلُومُ فَاغْفِرْ فِدًى لَكَ وَالِدَايَ كِلَاهُمَا     وَارْحَمْ فَإِنَّكَ رَاحِمٌ مَرْحُومُ وَعَلَيْكَ مِنْ سِمَةِ الْمَلِيكِ عَلَامَةٌ     فَوْزٌ أَعَزُّ وَخَاتَمٌ مَخْتُومُ أَعْطَاكَ بَعْدَ مَحَبَّةٍ بُرْهَانَهُ     شَرَفًا، وَبُرْهَانُ الْإِلَهِ عَظِيمُ الْمُغِيرَةُ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ، أَبُو سُفْيَانَ: كَانَ أَخَا رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ مِنَ الرَّضَاعَةِ، أَرْضَعَتْهُ حَلِيمَةُ أَيَّامًا، وَكَانَ يَأْلَفُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَيُشَبَّهُ بِهِ، فَلَمَّا بُعِثَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَادَاهُ وَهَجَاهُ وَهَجَا أَصْحَابَهُ. وَكَانَ شَاعِرًا، فَمَكَثَ عِشْرِينَ سَنَةً عَدُوًّا لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَلَا يَتَخَلَّفُ عَنْ مَوْضِعٍ تَسِيرُ فِيهِ قُرَيْشٌ لِقِتَالِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَلَمَّا تَحَرَّكَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ لِلْخُرُوجِ إِلَى غُزَاةِ الْفَتْحِ أَلْقَى اللَّهُ فِي قَلْبِهِ الْإِسْلَامَ، فَجَاءَ إِلَى زَوْجَتِهِ وَوَلَدِهِ فَقَالَ: تَهَيَّؤُوا لِلْخُرُوجِ فَقَدْ أَظَلَّ قُدُومُ مُحَمَّدٍ، فَقَالُوا لَهُ: آنَ لَكَ أَنْ تَنْصُرَ الْعَرَبَ وَالْعَجَمَ، قَدْ تَبِعْتَ مُحَمَّدًا وَأَنْتَ مُوضِعٌ فِي عَدَاوَتِهِ، وَكُنْتَ أَوْلَى النَّاسِ بِنُصْرَتِهِ، فَخَرَجَ يُرِيدُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَكَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَدْ نَذَرَ دَمَهُ، فَلَقِيَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَأَعْرَضَ عَنْهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَتَحَوَّلَ إِلَى الْجَانِبِ الْآخَرِ فَأَعْرَضَ عَنْهُ، فَقَالَ: أَنَا مَقْتُولٌ لَا مَحَالَةَ، فَأَسْلَمَ وَخَرَجَ مَعَهُ حَتَّى شَهِدَ فَتْحَ مَكَّةَ وَحُنَيْنًا. قَالَ: فَلَمَّا لَقِينَا الْعَدُوَّ بِحُنَيْنٍ اقْتَحَمْتُ عَنْ فَرَسِي وَبِيَدَيِ السَّيْفُ صَلْتًا، وَاللَّهُ يَعْلَمُ أَنِّي أُرِيدُ الْمَوْتَ دُونَهُ، وَهُوَ يَنْظُرُ إِلَيَّ، فَقَالَ الْعَبَّاسُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، هُوَ أَخُوكَ وَابْنُ عَمِّكَ، أَبُو سُفْيَانَ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ فَارْضَ عَنْهُ، قَالَ: "قَدْ فَعَلْتُ"، فَغَفَرَ اللَّهُ لَهُ كُلَّ عَدَاوَةٍ عَادَانِيهَا، ثُمَّ الْتَفَتَ إِلَيَّ فَقَالَ: أَخِي، لَعَمْرِي، فَقَبَّلْتُ رِجْلَهُ فِي الرِّكَابِ، وَقُلْتُ: لَا تَثْرِيبَ، قَالَ: لَا تَثْرِيبَ. حَجَّ أَبُو سُفْيَانَ فِي هَذِهِ السَّنَةِ، فَحَلَقَهُ الْحَلَّاقُ بِمِنًى وَفِي رَأْسِهِ ثُؤْلُولٌ فَقَطَعَهُ،  فَكَانَ سَبَبَ مَوْتِهِ. قَالَ: لَمَّا حَضَرَ أَبَا سُفْيَانَ بْنَ الْحَارِثِ الْوَفَاةُ قَالَ لِأَهْلِهِ: لَا تَبْكُوا عَلَيَّ؛ فَإِنِّي لَمْ أَتَنَطَّفْ بِخَطِيئَةٍ مُنْذُ أَسْلَمْتُ. قَالَ عُلَمَاءُ السِّيَرِ: مَاتَ أَبُو سُفْيَانَ بِالْمَدِينَةِ فِي هَذِهِ السَّنَةِ.  وَقِيلَ: بَلْ مَاتَ فِي سَنَةِ عِشْرِينَ، وَحَفَرَ قَبْرَ نَفْسِهِ قَبْلَ مَوْتِهِ بِثَلَاثَةِ أَيَّامٍ، وَصَلَّى عَلَيْهِ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ ؓ. أُمُّ سُلَيْمٍ بِنْتُ مِلْحَانَ بْنِ خَالِدِ بْنِ زَيْدِ بْنِ حَرَامٍ، وَهِيَ الرُّمَيْصَاءُ: وَاخْتَلَفُوا فِي اسْمِهَا، فَرَوَى الْبَغَوِيُّ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْمَدِينِيِّ، قَالَ: اسْمُهَا مُلَيْكَةُ، وَلَقَبُهَا الرُّمَيْصَاءُ. وَقَالَ غَيْرُهُ: اسْمُهَا سُهَيْلَةُ، وَقِيلَ: رُمَيْلَةُ، وَقِيلَ: رُمَيْثَةُ، وَقِيلَ: أَنِيفَةُ. تَزَوَّجَهَا مَالِكُ بْنُ النَّضْرِ، فَوَلَدَتْ لَهُ أَنَسَ بْنَ مَالِكٍ، ثُمَّ لَقِيَهُ عَدُوٌّ فَقَتَلَهُ، فَخَطَبَهَا أَبُو طَلْحَةَ. عَنْ أَنَسٍ، قَالَ: خَطَبَ أَبُو طَلْحَةَ أُمَّ سُلَيْمٍ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُسْلِمَ، فَقَالَتْ: أَمَا إِنِّي فِيكَ لَرَاغِبَةٌ، وَمَا مِثْلُكَ يُرَدُّ، وَلَكِنَّكَ رَجُلٌ كَافِرٌ وَأَنَا امْرَأَةٌ مُسْلِمَةٌ، فَإِنْ تُسْلِمْ فَذَاكَ مَهْرِي، وَلَا أَسْأَلُكَ غَيْرَهُ، فَأَسْلَمَ أَبُو طَلْحَةَ فَتَزَوَّجَهَا. عَنْ أَنَسٍ، قَالَ: جَاءَ أَبُو طَلْحَةَ يَوْمَ حُنَيْنٍ يَضْحَكُ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ مِنْ أُمِّ سُلَيْمٍ، فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، أَلَمْ تَرَ إِلَى أُمِّ سُلَيْمٍ مَعَهَا خِنْجَرٌ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: "مَا تَصْنَعِينَ يَا أُمَّ سُلَيْمٍ"؟ قَالَتْ: أَرَدْتُ إِنْ دَنَا مِنِّي أَحَدٌ مِنْهُمْ طَعَنْتُهُ. عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ ]، قَالَ: زَارَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أُمَّ سُلَيْمٍ فَصَلَّى فِي بَيْتِهَا تَطَوُّعًا، وَقَالَ: "يَا أُمَّ سُلَيْمٍ، إِذَا صَلَّيْتِ الْمَكْتُوبَةَ فَقُولِي: سُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ عَشْرًا، وَالْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ عَشْرًا، وَاللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ عَشْرًا، ثُمَّ سَلِي اللَّهَ مَا شِئْتِ، فَإِنَّهُ يُقَالُ لَكِ: نَعَمْ نَعَمْ نَعَمْ". عَنْ عَبَايَةَ بْنِ رِفَاعَةَ ]، عَنْ أُمِّ سُلَيْمٍ، قَالَتْ: تُوُفِّيَ ابْنٌ لِي وَزَوْجِي غَائِبٌ، فَقُمْتُ فَسَجَّيْتُهُ فِي نَاحِيَةٍ مِنَ الْبَيْتِ، فَقَدِمَ زَوْجِي، فَتَطَيَّبْتُ لَهُ، فَوَقَعَ عَلَيَّ، ثُمَّ أَتَيْتُهُ بِطَعَامٍ، فَجَعَلَ يَأْكُلُ، فَقُلْتُ: أَلَا أُعْجِبُكَ مِنْ جِيرَانِنَا، قَالَ: وَمَا لَهُمْ؟ قُلْتُ: أُعِيرُوا عَارِيَةً فَلَمَّا طُلِبَتْ مِنْهُمْ جَزِعُوا، قَالَ: بِئْسَ مَا صَنَعُوا، فَقُلْتُ: هُوَ ابْنُكَ، فَقَالَ: لَا جَرَمَ، لَا تَغْلِبِينِي عَلَى الصَّبْرِ اللَّيْلَةَ، فَلَمَّا أَصْبَحَ غَدَا عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَأَخْبَرَهُ، فَقَالَ: "بِتُّمَا عَرُوسَيْنِ وَهُوَ إِلَى جَانِبِكُمَا، اللَّهُمَّ بَارِكْ لَهُمْ فِي لَيْلَتِهِمْ"، فَلَقَدْ رَأَيْتُ لَهُمْ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ سَبْعَةً كُلُّهُمْ قَدْ قَرَءُوا الْقُرْآنَ. سَعْدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدِ بْنِ النُّعْمَانِ بْنِ قَيْسٍ -وَهُوَ الَّذِي يُقَالُ لَهُ سَعْدٌ الْقَارِئُ -، وَيُكَنَّى أَبَا زَيْدٍ. وَيَرْوِي الْكُوفِيُّونَ أَنَّهُ مِمَّنْ جَمَعَ الْقُرْآنَ عَلَى عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ،  وَشَهِدَ بَدْرًا وَالْمَشَاهِدَ كُلَّهَا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَابْنُهُ عُمَرُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ، وَلَّاهُ عُمَرُ عَلَى بَعْضِ الشَّامِ. وَقُتِلَ سَعْدٌ شَهِيدًا يَوْمَ الْقَادِسِيَّةِ وَهُوَ ابْنُ أَرْبَعٍ وَسِتِّينَ سَنَةً مَارِيَةُ الْقِبْطِيَّةُ أَهْدَاهَا الْمُقَوْقِسُ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَوَطِئَهَا بِمِلْكِ الْيَمِينِ،  فَوَلَدَتْ مِنْهُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، وَمَاتَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَكَانَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ ؓ يُنْفِقُ عَلَيْهَا حَتَّى تُوُفِّيَ، ثُمَّ أَنْفَقَ عَلَيْهَا عُمَرُ ؓ، فَتُوُفِّيَتْ فِي مَحْرَمٍ هَذِهِ السَّنَةَ، فَجَمَعَ عُمَرُ النَّاسَ لِشُهُودِ جِنَازَتِهَا، وَصَلَّى عَلَيْهَا، وَقَبَرَهَا بِالْبَقِيعِ. الْبَرَاءُ بْنُ مَالِكِ بْنِ النَّضِرِ بْنِ ضَمْضَمَ بْنِ زَيْدِ بْنِ حَرَامٍ: أُمُّهُ أُمُّ سُلَيْمٍ بِنْتُ مِلْحَانَ، وَهُوَ أَخُو أَنَسٍ لِأَبَوَيْهِ، شَهِدَ أُحُدًا وَالْمَشَاهِدَ كُلَّهَا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَكَانَ شُجَاعًا ذَا نِكَايَةٍ فِي الْحُرُوبِ، وَكَانَ عُمَرُ يَكْتُبُ: لَا تَسْتَعْمِلُوا الْبَرَاءَ عَلَى جَيْشٍ مِنْ جُيُوشِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ، إِنَّهُ مُهْلِكُهُ، يُقْدِمُ بِهِمْ، وَإِنَّهُ رَكِبَ فَرَسَهُ يَوْمَ الْيَمَامَةِ، وَقَالَ: يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ، إِنَّهَا -وَاللَّهِ- الْجَنَّةُ، وَمَا إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ [مِنْ] سَبِيلٍ، فَمَضَغَ فَرَسَهُ مُضُغَاتٍ، ثُمَّ كَبَسَ وَكَبَسَ النَّاسُ مَعَهُ، فَهَزَمَ اللَّهُ الْمُشْرِكِينَ، وَكَانَتْ فِي مَدِينَتِهِمْ ثُلْمَةٌ. عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سِيرِينَ: أَنَّ الْمُسْلِمِينَ انْتَهَوْا إِلَى حَائِطٍ قَدْ أُغْلِقَ بَابُهُ فِيهِ رِجَالٌ مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ، فَقَعَدَ الْبَرَاءُ بْنُ مَالِكٍ عَلَى تُرْسٍ وَقَالَ: ارْفَعُونِي بِرِمَاحِكُمْ فَأَلْقُونِي إِلَيْهِمْ، فَفَعَلُوا فَأَدْرَكُوهُ وَقَدْ قَتَلَ مِنْهُمْ خَمْسَةَ عَشَرَ. عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: "كَمْ مِنْ ضَعِيفٍ مُتَضَعَّفٍ ذِي طِمْرَيْنِ، لَوْ أَقْسَمَ عَلَى اللَّهِ لَأَبَرَّهُ،  مِنْهُمُ الْبَرَاءُ بْنُ مَالِكٍ". وَأَنَّ الْبَرَاءَ لَقِيَ زَحْفًا مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ وَقَدْ أَوْجَفَ الْمُشْرِكُونَ فِي الْمُسْلِمِينَ، فَقَالُوا: يَا بَرَاءُ، إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ إِنَّكَ لَوْ أَقْسَمْتَ عَلَى اللَّهِ لَأَبَرَّكَ، فَاقْسِمْ عَلَى رَبِّكَ، فَقَالَ: أَقْسَمْتُ عَلَيْكَ يَا رَبِّ لَمَا مَنَحْتَنَا أَكْتَافَهُمْ، فَمُنِحُوا أَكْتَافَهُمْ. ثُمَّ الْتَقَوْا عَلَى قَنْطَرَةِ السُّوسِ فَأَوْجَفُوا فِي الْمُسْلِمِينَ، فَقَالُوا: اقْسِمْ يَا بَرَاءُ عَلَى رَبِّكَ، [فَقَالَ: أَقْسَمْتُ عَلَيْكَ يَا رَبِّي] لَمَا مَنَحْتَنَا أَكْتَافَهُمْ وَأَلْحَقَتْنِي بِنَبِيِّي ﷺ، فَمُنِحُوا أَكْتَافَهُمْ، وَقُتِلَ شَهِيدًا. قَالَ مُؤَلِّفُ الْكِتَابِ: قَدْ ذَكَرْنَا آنِفًا أَنَّهُ قُتِلَ يَوْمَ تُسْتَرَ [ حُدَيْرٌ: جَاءَ فِي الْحَدِيثِ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَسَّمَ فِي بَعْضِ الْأَيَّامِ قَسْمًا وَنَسِيَ حُدَيْرًا، فَنَزَلَ جِبْرِيلُ  فَقَالَ: يَا مُحَمَّدُ، نَسِيتَ حُدَيْرًا، فَأَرْسَلَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ فِي طَلَبِهِ، قَالَ الَّذِي ذَهَبَ فِي طَلَبِهِ: فَأَدْرَكْتُهُ وَهُوَ يَقُولُ: سُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ، وَالْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ وَلَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ وَاللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ، فَقُلْتُ: يَا هَذَا، ارْجِعْ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَدْ عُوتِبَ فِيكَ، فَقَالَ: يَا مَنْ لَمْ تَنْسَ حُدَيْرًا اجْعَلْ حُدَيْرًا لَا يَنْسَاكَ. عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ بَعَثَ جَيْشًا فِيهِمْ رَجُلٌ يُقَالُ لَهُ: حُدْيَرٌ، وَكَانَتْ تِلْكَ السَّنَةُ قَدْ أَصَابَتْهُمْ شِدَّةٌ مِنْ قِلَّةِ الطَّعَامِ، فَزَوَّدَهُمْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَنَسِيَ أَنْ يُزَوِّدَ حُدَيْرًا، فَخَرَجَ حُدَيْرٌ صَابِرًا مُحْتَسِبًا وَهُوَ فِي آخِرِ الرَّكْبِ يَقُولُ: لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ، وَاللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ، وَسُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ، وَلَا حَوْلَ وَلَا قُوَّةَ إِلَّا بِاللَّهِ، وَيَقُولُ: نِعْمَ الزَّادُ هُوَ يَا رَبِّ، فَهُوَ يُرَدِّدُهَا وَهُوَ فِي آخِرِ الرَّكْبِ. قَالَ: فَجَاءَ جِبْرِيلُ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، وَقَالَ لَهُ: إِنَّ رِبِّي أَرْسَلَنِي إِلَيْكَ يُخْبِرُكَ أَنَّكَ زَوَّدْتَ أَصْحَابَكَ وَنَسِيتَ أَنْ تُزَوِّدَ حُدَيْرًا، وَهُوَ فِي آخِرِ الرَّكْبِ يَقُولُ: لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ، وَاللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ، وَالْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ، وَسُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ، وَلَا حَوْلَ وَلَا قُوَّةَ إِلَّا بِاللَّهِ، وَيَقُولُ: نِعْمَ الزَّادُ هُوَ يَا رَبِّ. قَالَ: وَكَلَامُهُ ذَلِكَ لَهُ نُورٌ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ مَا بَيْنَ السَّمَاءِ وَالْأَرْضِ فَابْعَثْ إِلَيْهِ بِزَادٍ، فَدَعَا النَّبِيُّ ﷺ رَجُلًا فَدَفَعَ إِلَيْهِ الزَّادَ، حَفِظَ عَلَيْهِ مَا يَقُولُ، وَيَقُولُ لَهُ: إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يُقْرِئُكَ السَّلَامَ وَرَحْمَةَ اللَّهِ، وَيُخْبِرُكَ أَنَّهُ كَانَ نَسِيَ أَنْ يُزَوِّدَكَ، وَإِنَّ رَبِّي تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى أَرْسَلَ إِلَيَّ جِبْرِيلَ يُذَكِّرُنِي بِكَ، فَذَكَّرَهُ جِبْرِيلُ وَأَعْلَمَهُ مَكَانَكَ. قَالَ: فَانْتَهَى إِلَيْهِ وَهُوَ يَقُولُ: لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ، وَاللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ، وَالْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ، وَسُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ، وَلَا حَوْلَ وَلَا قُوَّةَ إِلَّا بِاللَّهِ، وَيَقُولُ: نِعْمَ الزَّادُ هَذَا يَا رَبِّ. قَالَ: فَدَنَا مِنْهُ ثُمَّ قَالَ لَهُ: إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يُقْرِئُكَ السَّلَامَ وَرَحْمَةَ اللَّهِ، وَقَدْ أَرْسَلَنِي إِلَيْكَ بِزَادٍ وَيَقُولُ: إِنَّمَا نَسِيتُكَ فَأُرْسِلَ إِلَيَّ جِبْرِيلُ مِنَ السَّمَاءِ يُذَكِّرُنِي بِكَ. قَالَ: فَحَمِدَ اللَّهَ وَأَثْنَى عَلَيْهِ، وَصَلَّى عَلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ رَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ، ذَكَرَنِي رَبِّي مِنْ فَوْقِ سَبْعِ سَمَاوَاتٍ وَفَوْقَ عَرْشِهِ وَرَحِمَ جُوعِي وَضَعْفِي، يَا رَبِّ كَمَا لَمْ تَنْسَ حُدَيْرًا فَاجْعَلْ حُدَيْرًا لَا يَنْسَاكَ. قَالَ: فَحَفِظَ مَا قَالَ فَرَجَعَ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَأَخْبَرَهُ بِمَا سَمِعَ مِنْهُ حِينَ أَتَاهُ، وَبِمَا قَالَ حِينَ أَخْبَرَهُ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: "أَمَا إِنَّكَ لَوْ رَفَعْتَ رَأْسَكَ إِلَى السَّمَاءِ لَرَأَيْتَ لِكَلَامِهِ نُورًا سَاطِعًا مَا بَيْنَ السَّمَاءِ وَالْأَرْضِ" [ عُتْبَةُ بْنُ مَسْعُودِ بْنِ حَبِيبٍ، أَخُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ لِأَبِيهِ وَأُمِّهِ: وَكَانَ قَدِيمَ الْإِسْلَامِ بِمَكَّةَ، وَهَاجَرَ إِلَى الْحَبَشَةِ الْهِجْرَةَ الثَّانِيَةَ، ثُمَّ قَدِمَ فَشَهِدَ أُحُدًا وَالْمَشَاهِدَ بَعْدَهَا، وَمَاتَ فِي خِلَافَةِ عُمَرَ، وَصَلَّى عَلَيْهِ] وَمَاتَ فِي خِلَافَةِ عُمَرَ، وَصَلَّى عَلَيْهِ]. 206 - عُمَيْرُ بْنُ عَدِيِّ بْنِ خَرَشَةَ بْنِ أُمَيَّةَ بْنِ عَامِرِ بْنِ حَطْمَةَ، وَهُوَ عُمَيْرٌ الْقَارِيُّ: وَكَانَ قَدِيمَ الْإِسْلَامِ ضَرِيرَ الْبَصَرِ، وَكَانَتْ عَصْمَاءُ بِنْتُ مَرْوَانَ تُؤْذِي رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ  وَتُحَرِّضُ عَلَيْهِ وَتَعِيبُ الْإِسْلَامَ وَتَقُولُ فِي ذَلِكَ الشِّعْرَ، فَلَمَّا غَابَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِبَدْرٍ نَذَرَ عُمَيْرٌ إِنِ اللَّهُ رَدَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ سَالِمًا أَنْ يَقْتُلَ عَصْمَاءَ، فَلَمَّا رَجَعَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مِنْ بَدْرٍ أَتَاهَا عُمَيْرٌ فِي جَوْفِ اللَّيْلِ فَقَتَلَهَا، ثُمَّ أَتَى رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَأَخْبَرَهُ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: "لَا يَنْتَطِحُ فِيهَا عَنْزَانِ". وَكَانَتْ هَذِهِ الْكَلِمَةُ أَوَّلَ مَا سُمِعَتْ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: إِذَا أَحْبَبْتُمْ أَنْ تَنْظُرُوا إِلَى رَجُلٍ نَصَرَ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ بِالْغَيْبِ فَانْظُرُوا إِلَى عُمَيْرِ بْنِ عَدِيٍّ". وَكَانَ عُمَيْرٌ يُؤَذِّنُ لِقَوْمِهِ [ عَدِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي الزَّغْبَاءِ، وَاسْمُ أَبِي الزَّغْبَاءِ سِنَانُ بْنُ سُبَيْعٍ: بَعَثَهُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ مَعَ بَسْبَسَ بْنِ عَمْرٍو الْجُهَنِيِّ طَلِيعَةً يَتَجَسَّسَانِ خَبَرَ الْعِيرِ، فَوَرَدَا بَدْرًا فَوَجَدَا الْعِيرَ قَدْ مَرَّتْ وَفَاتَتْهُمَا - فَرَجَعَا فَأَخْبَرَ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ. وَشَهِدَ عَدِيٌّ بَدْرًا وَالْمَشَاهِدَ كُلَّهَا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ. وَتُوُفِّيَ فِي خِلَافَةِ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ ؓ، وَلَيْسَ لَهُ عَقِبٌ. الْأَغْلَبُ بْنُ جُشَمَ بْنِ سَعْدِ بْنِ عِجْلِ بْنِ جُشَمَ  : عُمِّرَ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ طَوِيلًا، وَأَدْرَكَ الْإِسْلَامَ، فَحَسُنَ إِسْلَامُهُ، وَهَاجَرَ، ثُمَّ كَانَ مِمَّنْ تَوَجَّهَ إِلَى الْكُوفَةِ مَعَ سَعْدِ بْنِ أَبِي وَقَّاصٍ، فَاسْتُشْهِدَ فِي وَقْعَةِ نَهَاوَنْدَ، فَقَبْرُهُ هُنَاكَ مَعَ قُبُورِ الشُّهَدَاءِ، وَهُوَ أَوَّلُ مَنْ رَجَزَ الْأَرَاجِيزَ،  وَكَانَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ ؓ قَدْ كَتَبَ إِلَى الْمُغِيرَةِ بْنِ شُعْبَةَ وَهُوَ عَلَى الْكُوفَةِ: أَنِ اسْتَنْشِدْ مَنْ قِبَلَكَ مِنَ الشُّعَرَاءِ مَا قَالُوهُ فِي الْإِسْلَامِ، فَقَالَ لَبِيَدٌ: أَبْدَلَنِي اللَّهُ سُورَةَ الْبَقَرَةِ مَكَانَ الشِّعْرِ، وَجَاءَ الْأَغْلَبُ بْنُ الْمُغِيرَةِ، فَقَالَ: أَرَجْزًا تُرِيدُ أَمْ قَصِيدَا     لَقَدْ سَأَلَتْ هَيِّنًا مَوْجُودَا فَكَتَبَ الْمُغِيرَةُ بِذَلِكَ إِلَى عُمَرَ، فَنَقَصَ مِنْ عَطَاءِ الْأَغْلَبِ خَمْسَمِائَةٍ وَجَعَلَهَا فِي عَطَاءِ لَبِيَدٍ، [فَكَتَبَ الْأَغْلَبُ إِلَى عُمَرَ: أَتُنْقِصُ عَطَائِي أَنْ أَطَعْتُكَ، فَرَدَّ عَلَيْهِ خَمْسَمِائَةٍ وَأَقَرَّهَا فِي عَطَاءِ لَبِيَدٍ] صَفْوَانُ بْنُ الْمُعَطَّلِ بْنِ رَخِيصَةَ أَبُو عَمْرٍو الذَّكْوَانِيُّ السُّلَمِيُّ: أَسْلَمَ قَبْلَ غَزْوَةِ الْمُرَيْسِيعِ، وَشَهِدَهَا مَعَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، وَشَهِدَ الْخَنْدَقَ وَالْمَشَاهِدَ بَعْدَهَا، قُتِلَ يَوْمَ أَرْمِينِيَّةَ، وَقِيلَ: مَاتَ بِشَمِيشَاطَ سَنَةَ سِتِّينَ. طُلَيْحَةُ بْنُ خُوَيْلِدِ بْنِ نَوْفَلِ بْنِ نَضْلَةَ بْنِ الْأَشْتَرِ بْنِ جَحْوَانَ: وَكَانَ طُلَيْحَةُ يُعَدُّ بِأَلْفِ فَارِسٍ؛  لِشِدَّتِهِ وَشَجَاعَتِهِ وَبَصَرِهِ بِالْحَرْبِ. وَفَدَ طُلَيْحَةُ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي سَنَةِ تِسْعٍ فِي جَمَاعَةٍ فَأَسْلَمُوا، ثُمَّ ارْتَدُّوا، وَادَّعَى النُّبُوَّةَ -عَلَى مَا سَبَقَ شَرْحُهُ- فَلَمَّا أَوْقَعَ بِهِمْ خَالِدُ بْنُ الْوَلِيدِ بِبَزَاخَةَ هَرَبَ طُلَيْحَةُ حَتَّى قَدِمَ الشَّامَ، فَأَقَامَ حَتَّى تُوُفِّيَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ ؓ، ثُمَّ خَرَجَ مُحْرِمًا بِالْحَجِّ، وَقَدِمَ مَكَّةَ، فَلَمَّا رَآهُ عُمَرُ قَالَ: يَا طُلَيْحَةُ، لَا أُحِبُّكَ بَعْدَ قَتْلِ الرَّجُلَيْنِ الصَّالِحَيْنِ: عُكَّاشَةَ بْنِ مِحْصَنٍ، وَثَابِتِ بْنِ أَقْرَمَ -وَكَانَا طَلِيعَتَيْنِ لِخَالِدِ بْنِ الْوَلِيدِ فَلَقِيَهُمَا طُلَيْحَةُ وَأَخُوهُ سَلَمَةُ فَقَتَلَاهُمَا- فَقَالَ طُلَيْحَةُ: يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، رَجُلَانِ أَكْرَمَهُمَا اللَّهُ بِيَدِي وَلَمْ يُهِنِّي بِأَيْدِيهِمَا. فَأَسْلَمَ إِسْلَامًا صَحِيحًا، وَشَهِدَ الْقَادِسِيَّةَ وَنَهَاوَنْدَ، وَكَتَبَ عُمَرُ ؓ: شَاوِرُوا طُلَيْحَةَ فِي حَرْبِكُمْ وَلَا تُوَلُّوهُ شَيْئًا، وَقُتِلَ بِنَهَاوَنْدَ. عَمْرُو بْنُ مَعْدِيكَرِبَ بْنِ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ عُصْمِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ زُبَيْدٍ، أَبُو ثَوْرٍ الزُّبَيْدِيُّ: كَانَ فَارِسًا شُجَاعًا شَاعِرًا، لَهُ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ الْغَارَاتُ الْعَظِيمَةُ وَالْوَقَائِعُ الْعَجِيبَةُ، وَكَانَ عَلَى سَيْفِهِ مَكْتُوبٌ: ذَكَرٌ عَلَى ذَكَرٍ يَصُولُ بِصَارِمٍ     ذَكَرٌ يَمَانٍ فِي يَمِينِ يَمَانِي كَانَ عَمْرٌو لَقِيَ حَيِّي الْكِنْدِيَّةَ بِذِي الْمَجَازِ -وَهِيَ سُوقُ عَرَفَاتٍ- فَأَعْجَبَهُ جَمَالُهَا وَعَقْلُهَا، فَعَرَضَ عَلَيْهَا نَفْسَهُ وَقَالَ: هَلْ لَكِ فِي كُفْؤٍ كَرِيمٍ ضَرُوبٍ لِهَامِ الرِّجَالِ غَشُومٍ مَوَاتٍ، لَكِ طَيِّبُ الْجِسْمِ مِنْ سَعْدِ الْعَشِيرَةِ فِي الصَّمِيمِ، قَالَتْ: أَمِنْ سَعْدِ الْعَشِيرَةِ؟ قَالَ: مِنْ سَعْدِ الْعَشِيرَةِ فِي أَرُومَةِ مَحْتِدِهَا وَعِزَّتِهَا الْمُنِيرَةِ، إِنْ كُنْتِ بِالْفُرْصَةِ بَصِيرَةً، قَالَتْ: إِنَّ لِي بَعْلًا يَصْدُقُ اللِّقَاءَ، وَيُخِيفُ الْأَعْدَاءَ، وَيُجْزِلُ الْعَطَاءَ، قَالَ: لَوْ عَلِمْتُ أَنَّ لَكِ بَعْلًا مَا سُمْتُكِ نَفْسَكِ وَلَا عَرَضْتُ نَفْسِي عَلَيْكِ، فَكَيْفَ أَنْتِ إِنْ قَتَلْتُهُ؟ قَالَتْ: لَا أَصِيفُ عَنْكَ وَلَا أَعْدِلُ بِكَ وَلَا أُقَصِّرُ دُونَكَ، وَإِيَّاكَ أَنْ يَغُرَّكَ قَوْلِي فَتُعَرِّضَ نَفْسَكَ لِلْقَتْلِ، فَإِنِّي أَرَاكَ مُفْرَدًا مِنَ النَّاصِرِ وَالْأَهْلِ، وَصَاحِبِي فِي عِزَّةٍ مِنَ الْأَهْلِ وَكَثْرَةِ الْمَالِ، فَانْصَرَفَ عَنْهَا عَمْرٌو، وَجَعَلَ يَتْبَعُهَا وَهِيَ لَا تَعْلَمُ، فَلَمَّا قَدِمَتْ عَلَى زَوْجِهَا سَأَلَهَا عَمَّا رَأَتْ فِي طَرِيقِهَا، فَقَالَتْ: رَأَيْتُ رَجُلًا مَخِيلًا لِلنَّاسِ يَتَعَرَّضُ لِلْقِتَالِ، وَيَخْطُبُ حَلَائِلَ الرِّجَالِ، فَعَرَضَ نَفْسَهُ عَلَيَّ فَوَصَفْتُكَ لَهُ. فَقَالَ زَوْجُهَا: ذَاكَ عَمْرٌو، وَلَدَتْنِي أُمُّهُ إِنْ لَمْ أَتَكِّ بِهِ مَقْرُونًا مَجْنُونًا إِلَى حَمْلٍ صَعْبِ الْمِرَاسِ غَيْرِ ذَلُولٍ. فَلَمَّا سَمِعَ عَمْرٌو كَلَامَهُ دَخَلَ عَلَيْهِ بَغْتَةً فَقَتَلَهُ، وَوَقَعَ عَلَيْهَا، فَلَمَّا قَضَى وَطَرَهُ مِنْهَا قَالَ لَهَا: إِنِّي لَمْ أَقَعْ عَلَى امْرَأَةٍ قَطُّ -فِي جِمَاعِي إِلَّا حَمَلَتْ، وَلَا أَرَاكِ إِلَّا قَدْ فَعَلْتِ، فَإِنْ رُزِقْتِ غُلَامًا فَسَمِّيهِ الْخَزْرَ، وَإِنْ رُزِقْتِ جَارِيَةً فَسَمِّيهَا عِكْرِشَةَ، وَجَعَلَ ذَلِكَ بَيْنَهُمَا أَمَارَةً، ثُمَّ مَضَى لِطَيِّبِهِ، ثُمَّ خَرَجَ يَوْمًا يَتَعَرَّضُ لِلْقِتَالِ، فَإِذَا هُوَ بِرَجُلٍ عَلَى فَرَسٍ شَاكِي السِّلَاحِ، فَدَعَاهُ عَمْرٌو لِلْمُبَارَزَةِ، فَلَمَّا اتَّحَدَا صَرَعَ الْفَتَى عَمْرًا وَجَلَسَ عَلَى صَدْرِهِ يُرِيدُ ذَبْحَهُ، فَقَالَ لَهُ: مَنْ أَنْتَ؟ قَالَ: أَنَا عَمْرٌو، فَقَامَ الْفَتَى عَنْ صَدْرِهِ وَقَالَ: أَنَا ابْنُكَ الْخَزْرُ، فَقَالَ لَهُ عَمْرٌو: سِرْ إِلَى صَنْعَاءَ وَلَا تُنَافِنِي فِي بَلَدٍ، فَلَمْ يَلْبَثْ أَنْ سَادَ مَنْ هُوَ بَيْنَ ظَهْرَيْهِ، فَاسْتَنْفَرُوهُ وَأَمَرُوهُ بِقِتَالِ أَبِيهِ، وَشَكَوْا إِلَيْهِ غَارَاتِ عَمْرٍو عَلَيْهِمْ، فَالْتَقَيَا فَقَتَلَهُ عَمْرٌو. [وَرَوَى عَبَّاسُ بْنُ هِشَامِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ الْكَلْبِيُّ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي] أَبُو الْمُنْذِرِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، قَالَ: لَمَّا انْتَهَى خَبَرُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِلَى عَمْرِو بْنِ مَعْدِيكَرِبَ قَالَ لِقَيْسِ بْنِ مَكْشُوحٍ: يَا قَيْسُ، إِنَّكَ سَيِّدُ قَوْمِكَ، وَقَدْ ذُكِرَ لِي أَمْرُ هَذَا الْقُرَشِيِّ الظَّاهِرِ بِالْحِجَازِ الَّذِي يَزْعُمُ أَنَّهُ نَبِيٌّ فَانْطَلِقْ بِنَا إِلَيْهِ فَلْنَعْلَمْ عِلْمَهُ، فَإِنْ كَانَ نَبِيًّا كَمَا يَقُولُ لَمْ يَخْفَ عَلَيْنَا أَمْرُهُ، فَأَبَى قَيْسٌ وَسَفَّهَ رَأْيَهُ، فَرَكِبَ عَمْرٌو رَاحِلَتَهُ مَعَ وَفْدٍ مِنْ بَنِي زُبَيْدٍ، فَأَتَى رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ. قَالَ عَمْرٌو: فَوَافَيْتُهُ قَافِلًا مِنْ غَزْوَةِ تَبُوكَ، فَذَهَبْتُ أَتَقَدَّمُ إِلَيْهِ فَمُنِعْتُ مِنْ ذَلِكَ حَتَّى أَذِنَ لِي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَقَالَ: خَلُّوا سَبِيلَ الرَّجُلِ، فَأَقْبَلْتُ حَتَّى دَنَوْتُ مِنْهُ، فَقُلْتُ لَهُ: أَنْعِمْ صَبَاحًا أَبَيْتَ اللَّعْنَ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: "يَا عَمْرُو، إِنَّ لَعْنَةَ اللَّهِ وَالْمَلَائِكَةِ وَالنَّاسِ أَجْمَعِينَ عَلَى الَّذِينَ لَا يُؤْمِنُونَ، فَآمِنْ بِاللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ يُؤَمِّنْكَ اللَّهُ يَوْمَ الْفَزَعِ الْأَكْبَرِ". قَالَ عَمْرٌو: مَا الْفَزَعُ؟ فَإِنِّي لَا أَفْزَعُ مِنْ شَيْءٍ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: "إِنَّهُ لَيْسَ بِمَا تَرَى وَتَحْسَبُ، إِنَّهُ إِذَا كَانَ يَوْمُ الْفَزَعِ الْأَكْبَرِ صِيحَ بِالنَّاسِ صَيْحَةً لَا يَبْقَى ذُو رُوحٍ إِلَّا مَاتَ، وَلَا مَيِّتٌ إِلَّا نُشِرَ، وَمَا شَاءَ اللَّهُ مِنْ ذَلِكَ، وَتَلِجُّ تِلْكَ الصَّيْحَةُ حَتَّى تَدُورَ مِنْهَا الْأَرْضُ، وَتَخِرَّ مِنْهَا الْجِبَالُ، وَتَنْشَقَّ مِنْهَا السَّمَاءُ، وَتَبْرُزَ النَّارُ، لَهَا لِسَانَانِ تَرْمِي بِشَرَرٍ مِثْلَ أَفْلَاقِ الْجِبَالِ، فَلَا يَبْقَى ذُو رُوحٍ إِلَّا انْخَلَعَ قَلْبُهُ، وَذَكَرَ ذَنْبَهُ، فَأَيْنَ أَنْتَ مِنَ الْفَزَعِ يَا عَمْرُو؟ ". قَالَ عَمْرٌو: لَا أَيْنَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ. قَالَ: "فَأَسْلِمْ إِذَنْ" قَالَ عَمْرٌو: فَأَسْلَمْتُ. قَالَ عُلَمَاءُ السِّيَرِ: أَسْلَمَ عَمْرٌو، وَسَمِعَ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَرَوَى عَنْهُ، ثُمَّ ارْتَدَّ بَعْدَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، ثُمَّ عَادَ إِلَى الْإِسْلَامِ، وَبَعَثَهُ عُمَرُ إِلَى سَعْدِ بْنِ أَبِي وَقَّاصٍ بِالْقَادِسِيَّةِ، وَكَتَبَ إِلَيْهِ: قَدْ أَمْدَدْتُكَ بِأَلْفَيْ رَجُلٍ: عَمْرِو بْنِ مَعْدِيكَرِبَ، وَطُلَيْحَةَ بْنِ خُوَيْلِدٍ، فَشَاوِرْهُمَا فِي الْحَرْبِ وَلَا تُوَلِّهِمَا شَيْئًا، فَأَبْلَى عَمْرٌو يَوْمَئِذٍ بَلَاءً حَسَنًا. قَالَ عَمْرٌو: وَكَانَتْ خَيْلُ الْمُسْلِمِينَ تَنْفِرُ مِنَ الْفِيَلَةِ يَوْمَ الْقَادِسِيَّةِ، وَخَيْلُ الْفُرْسِ لَا تَنْفِرُ، فَأَمَرْتُ رَجُلًا فَتَرَّسَ عَنِّي ثُمَّ دَنَوْتُ مِنَ الْفِيلِ وَضَرَبْتُ خَطْمَهُ فَقَطَعْتُهُ، [فَنَفَرَ] وَنَفَرَتِ الْفِيَلَةُ فَحَطَّمَتِ الْعَسْكَرَ، وَأَلَحَّ الْمُسْلِمُونَ عَلَيْهِمْ حَتَّى انْهَزَمُوا، وَكَانَ لِعَمْرٍو يَوْمَئِذٍ مِنَ الْعُمْرِ ثَلَاثُونَ وَمِائَةُ سَنَةٍ. وَكَانَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ ؓ يَسْأَلُ عَمْرَو بْنَ مَعْدِيكَرِبَ عَنْ أَشْيَاءَ، فَسَأَلَهُ عَنِ الْحَرْبِ، فَقَالَ: مُرَّةُ الْمَذَاقِ إِذَا كَشَفَتْ عَنْ سَاقٍ، مَنْ صَبَرَ فِيهَا عَرَفَ، وَمَنْ ضَعُفَ فِيهَا تَلِفَ. وَسَأَلَهُ عَنِ السِّلَاحِ، فَقَالَ: مَا تَقُولُ فِي الرُّمْحِ؟ فَقَالَ: أَخُوكَ وَرُبَّمَا خَانَكَ، قَالَ: فَالنَّبْلُ؟ قَالَ: مَنَايَا تُخْطِئُ وَتُصِيبُ، قَالَ: فَالدِّرْعُ؟ قَالَ: مَشَغَلَةٌ لِلْفَارِسِ مَتْعَبَةٌ لِلرَّاجِلِ، وَإِنَّهُ لَحِصْنٌ حَصِينٌ، قَالَ: فَالتُّرْسُ؟ قَالَ: هُوَ الْمِجَنُّ عَلَيْهِ تَدُورُ الدَّوَائِرُ، قَالَ: فَالسَّيْفُ؟ قَالَ: عِنْدَهَا فَارْتَقَتْكَ أُمُّكَ عَنِ الثُّكْلِ، فَقَالَ لَهُ عُمَرُ: بَلْ أُمُّكَ، قَالَ: بَلْ أُمِّي وَالْحُمَّى أَضْرَعَتْنِي لَكَ، وَهَذَا مَثَلٌ مَعْنَاهُ: أَنَّ الْإِسْلَامَ أَذَلَّنِي وَلَوْ كُنْتُ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ لَمْ تَجْسُرْ أَنْ تَرُدَّ عَلَيَّ. وَقَالَ لَهُ يَوْمًا: حَدَّثَنِي عَنْ أَشْجَعِ مَنْ لَقِيتَ، وَأَجَبْنِ مَنْ لَقِيتَ. فَقَالَ: مَا عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، قَالَ: دَخَلَ عَمْرُو بْنُ مَعْدِيكَرِبَ يَوْمًا عَلَى عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ ؓ، فَقَالَ لَهُ: يَا عَمْرُو، أَخْبِرْنِي عَنْ أَشْجَعِ مَنْ لَقِيتَ، وَأَحْيَلِ مَنْ لَقِيتَ، وَأَجَبْنِ مَنْ لَقِيتَ، قَالَ: نَعَمْ يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ. خَرَجْتُ مَرَّةً أُرِيدُ الْغَارَةَ، فَبَيْنَمَا أَنَا أَسِيرُ إِذَا أَنَا بِفَرَسٍ مَشْدُودٍ وَرُمْحٍ مَرْكُوزٍ، وَإِذَا رَجُلٌ جَالِسٌ، وَ [إِذَا] هُوَ كَأَعْظَمِ مَا يَكُونُ مِنَ الرِّجَالِ خِلْقَةً، وَهُوَ مُجْتَبٍ بِسَيْفٍ، فَقُلْتُ لَهُ: خُذْ حَذَرَكَ فَإِنِّي قَاتِلُكَ، فَقَالَ: مَنْ أَنْتَ؟ فَقُلْتُ: أَنَا عَمْرُو بْنُ مَعْدِيكَرِبَ، فَشَهِقَ شَهْقَةً فَمَاتَ، فَهَذَا أَجْبَنُ مَنْ رَأَيْتُ يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ. وَخَرَجْتُ يَوْمًا آخَرَ حَتَّى انْتَهَيْتُ إِلَى حَيٍّ، فَإِذَا أَنَا بِفَرَسٍ مَشْدُودٍ وَرُمْحٍ مَرْكُوزٍ، وَإِذَا صَاحِبُهُ فِي وَهْدَةٍ يَقْضِي حَاجَتَهُ، فَقُلْتُ لَهُ: خُذْ حَذَرَكَ فَإِنِّي قَاتِلُكَ، قَالَ: مَنْ أَنْتَ؟ قُلْتُ: أَنَا عَمْرُو بْنُ مَعْدِيكَرِبَ، فَقَالَ: يَا أَبَا ثَوْرٍ، مَا أَنْصَفْتَنِي، أَنْتَ عَلَى ظَهْرِ فَرَسِكَ، وَأَنَا فِي بِئْرٍ، فَأَعْطِنِي عَهْدًا أَنَّكَ لَا تَقْتُلُنِي حَتَّى أَرْكَبَ فَرَسِي وَآخُذَ حَذَرِي، فَأَعْطَيْتُهُ عَهْدًا أَلَّا أَقْتُلَهُ حَتَّى يَرْكَبَ فَرَسَهُ وَيَأْخُذَ حَذَرَهُ، فَخَرَجَ مِنَ الْمَوْضِعِ الَّذِي كَانَ فِيهِ، ثُمَّ اجْتَبَى بِسَيْفِهِ وَجَلَسَ، فَقُلْتُ: مَا هَذَا؟ قَالَ: مَا أَنَا بِرَاكِبٍ فَرَسِي وَلَا بِمُقَاتِلِكَ، فَهَذَا يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ أَحْيَلُ مَنْ رَأَيْتُ. ثُمَّ إِنِّي خَرَجْتُ يَوْمًا آخَرَ حَتَّى انْتَهَيْتُ إِلَى مَوْضِعٍ كُنْتُ أَقْطَعُ فِيهِ، فَلَمْ أَرَ أَحَدًا فَأَجْرَيْتُ فَرَسِي يَمِينًا وَشِمَالًا، فَإِذَا أَنَا بِفَارِسٍ، فَلَمَّا دَنَا مِنِّي إِذَا هُوَ غُلَامٌ وَجْهُهُ مِنْ أَجْمَلِ مَنْ رَأَيْتُ مِنَ الْفِتْيَانِ وَأَحْسَنِهِمْ، وَإِذَا هُوَ قَدْ أَقْبَلَ مِنْ نَحْوِ الْيَمَامَةِ، فَلَمَّا قَرُبَ مِنِّي سَلَّمَ، فَرَدَدْتُ عَلَيْهِ وَقُلْتُ: مَنِ الْفَتَى؟ فَقَالَ: الْحَارِثُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ فَارِسُ الشَّهْبَاءِ، فَقُلْتُ لَهُ: خُذْ حَذَرَكَ فَإِنِّي قَاتِلُكَ، فَمَضَى وَلَمْ يَلْتَفِتْ إِلَيَّ فَقُلْتُ لَهُ: يَا فَتَى خُذْ حَذَرَكَ فَإِنِّي قَاتِلُكَ. قَالَ: الْوَيْلُ لَكَ، مَنْ أَنْتَ؟ قُلْتُ: أَنَا عَمْرُو بْنُ مَعْدِيكَرِبَ، قَالَ: الْحَقِيرُ الذَّلِيلُ، وَاللَّهِ مَا يَمْنَعُنِي مِنْ قَتْلِكَ إِلَّا اسْتِصْغَارُكَ، قَالَ: فَتَصَاغَرَتْ نَفْسِي إِلَيَّ وَعَظُمَ عِنْدِي مَا اسْتَقْبَلَنِي بِهِ، فَقُلْتُ لَهُ: خُذْ حَذَرَكَ، فَوَاللَّهِ لَا يَنْصَرِفُ إِلَّا أَحَدُنَا، قَالَ: اغْرُبْ ثَكِلَتْكَ أُمُّكَ فَإِنِّي مِنْ أَهْلِ بَيْتٍ مَا نَكَلْنَا عَنْ فَارِسٍ قَطُّ، فَقُلْتُ: هُوَ الَّذِي نَسْمَعُ، فَاخْتَرْ لِنَفْسِكَ، فَقَالَ: إِمَّا أَنْ تَطْرُدَ لِي أَوْ أَطْرُدَ لَكَ، فَاغْتَمَمْتُهَا مِنْهُ فَقُلْتُ: اطَّرِدْ لِي، فَاطَّرَدَ وَحَمَلْتُ عَلَيْهِ حَتَّى إِذَا قُلْتُ إِنِّي قَدْ وَضَعْتُ الرُّمْحَ بَيْنَ كَتِفَيْهِ إِذَا هُوَ قَدْ صَارَ حِزَامًا لِفَرَسِهِ ثُمَّ اتَّبَعَنِي فَقَرَعَ بِالْقَنَاةِ رَأْسِي وَقَالَ: يَا عَمْرُو خُذْهَا إِلَيْكَ وَاحِدَةً، فَوَاللَّهِ لَوْلَا أَنِّي أَكْرَهُ قَتْلَ مِثْلِكَ لَقَتَلْتُكَ، فَتَصَاغَرَتْ إِلَيَّ نَفْسِي وَكَانَ الْمَوْتُ وَاللَّهِ يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ أَحَبَّ إِلَيَّ مِمَّا رَأَيْتُ، فَقُلْتُ: وَاللَّهِ لَا يَنْصَرِفُ إِلَّا أَحَدُنَا، فَقَالَ: اخْتَرْ لِنَفْسِكَ، فَقُلْتُ: اطَّرِدْ لِي فَاطَّرَدَ، فَظَنَنْتُ أَنِّي قَدْ تَمَكَّنْتُ مِنْهُ، فَاتَّبَعْتُهُ حَتَّى إِذَا ظَنَنْتُ أَنِّي قَدْ وَضَعْتُ الرُّمْحَ بَيْنَ كَتِفَيْهِ، فَإِذَا هُوَ قَدْ صَارَ لَبَبًا لِفَرَسِهِ، ثُمَّ اتَّبَعَنِي فَقَرَعَ رَأْسِي بِالْقَنَاةِ وَقَالَ: يَا عَمْرُو خُذْهَا إِلَيْكَ اثْنَتَيْنِ فَتَصَاغَرَتْ إِلَيَّ نَفْسِي فَقُلْتُ: وَاللَّهِ لَا يَنْصَرِفُ إِلَّا أَحَدُنَا، فَقَالَ: اخْتَرْ لِنَفْسِكَ، فَقُلْتُ: اطَّرِدْ لِي، فَاطَّرَدَ حَتَّى إِذَا قُلْتُ وَضَعْتُ الرُّمْحَ بَيْنَ كَتِفَيْهِ، وَثَبْتُ عَنْ فَرَسِهِ، فَإِذَا هُوَ عَلَى الْأَرْضِ فَأَخْطَأْتُهُ وَمَضَيْتُ فَاسْتَوَى عَلَى فَرَسِهِ فَاتَّبَعَنِي فَقَرَعَ رَأْسِي بِالْقَنَاةِ، وَقَالَ: يَا عَمْرُو خُذْهَا إِلَيْكَ ثَلَاثًا، وَلَوْلَا أَنِّي أَكْرَهُ قَتْلَ مِثْلِكَ لَقَتَلْتُكَ، فَقُلْتُ لَهُ: اقْتُلْنِي أَحَبَّ إِلَيَّ مِمَّا أَرَى بِنَفْسِي وَأَنْ يَسْمَعَ فِتْيَانُ الْعَرَبِ هَذَا، فَقَالَ لِي: يَا عَمْرُو، إِنَّمَا الْعَفْوُ ثَلَاثُ مَرَّاتٍ إِنِّي إِنِ اسْتَمْكَنْتُ مِنْكَ الرَّابِعَةَ قَتَلْتُكَ، وَأَنْشَأَ يَرْتَجِزُ وَيَقُولُ: وَكَّدْتُ أَغُلَاظًا مِنَ الْإِيمَانِ     إِنْ عُدْتَ يَا عَمْرُو إِلَى الطُّغْيَانِ لَتُوجَزَنَّ لَهَبَ الشُّبَّانِ     وَإِلَّا فَلَسْتُ مِنْ بَنِي شَيْبَانِ فَلَمَّا قَالَ هَذَا هِبْتُهُ هَيْبَةً شَدِيدَةً، وَقُلْتُ لَهُ: إِنَّ بِي إِلَيْكَ حَاجَةً، قَالَ: وَمَا هِيَ؟ قُلْتُ: أَكُونُ لَكَ صَاحِبًا، وَرَضِيتُ بِذَلِكَ يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، قَالَ: لَسْتَ مِنْ أَصْحَابِي، وَكَانَ ذَلِكَ وَاللَّهِ أَشَدَّ وَأَعْظَمَ مِمَّا صَنَعَ، فَلَمْ أَزَلْ أَطْلُبُ إِلَيْهِ حَتَّى قَالَ: وَيْحَكَ وَهَلْ تَدْرِي أَيْنَ أُرِيدُ؟ قُلْتُ: لَا، قَالَ: أُرِيدُ الْمَوْتَ عِيَانًا، فَقُلْتُ: رَضِيتُ بِالْمَوْتِ مَعَكَ، قَالَ: امْضِ بِنَا فَسِرْنَا جَمِيعًا يَوْمًا حَتَّى جَنَّنَا اللَّيْلُ وَذَهَبَ شَطْرُهُ، فَوَرَدْنَا عَلَى حَيٍّ مِنْ أَحْيَاءِ الْعَرَبِ، فَقَالَ لِي: يَا عَمْرُو، فِي هَذَا الْحَيِّ الْمَوْتُ، وَأَوْمَأَ إِلَى قُبَّةٍ فِي الْحَيِّ، فَقَالَ: وَفِي تِلْكَ الْقُبَّةِ الْمَوْتُ الْأَحْمَرُ، فَإِمَّا أَنْ تُمْسِكَ عَلَيَّ فَرَسِي فَأَنْزِلَ فَآتِيَ بِحَاجَتِي، وَإِمَّا أَنْ أُمْسِكَ عَلَيْكَ فَرَسَكَ وَتَأْتِينِي بِحَاجَتِي، فَقُلْتُ: لَا بَلِ انْزِلْ، فَأَنْتَ أَعْرَفُ بِمَوْضِعِ حَاجَتِكَ، فَرَمَى إِلَيَّ بِعِنَانِ فَرَسِهِ وَنَزَلَ، وَرَضِيتُ وَاللَّهِ يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ أَنْ أَكُونَ لَهُ سَائِسًا، ثُمَّ مَضَى حَتَّى دَخَلَ الْقُبَّةَ فَاسْتَخْرَجَ مِنْهَا جَارِيَةً لَمْ تَرَ عَيْنَايَ قَطُّ مِثْلَهَا حُسْنًا وَجَمَالًا، فَحَمَلَهَا عَلَى نَاقَةٍ ثُمَّ قَالَ لِي: يَا عَمْرُو، قُلْتُ: لَبَّيْكَ، قَالَ: إِمَّا أَنْ تَحْمِيَنِي وَأَقُودُ أَنَا، وَإِمَّا أَنْ أَحْمِيَكَ وَتَقُودُ أَنْتَ، قُلْتُ: لَا بَلْ تَحْمِينِي وَأَقُودُ أَنَا، فَرَمَى إِلَيَّ بِزِمَامِ نَاقَتِهِ ثُمَّ سِرْنَا بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ وَهُوَ خَلْفَنَا، حَتَّى إِذَا أَصْبَحْنَا قَالَ لِي: يَا عَمْرُو، قُلْتُ: لَبَّيْكَ مَا تَشَاءُ، قَالَ: الْتَفِتْ فَانْظُرْ هَلْ تَرَى أَحَدًا؟ فَالْتَفَتُّ فَقُلْتُ: أَرَى جِمَالًا، قَالَ: اغْذُذِ السَّيْرَ، ثُمَّ قَالَ لِي: يَا عَمْرُو، قُلْتُ: لَبَّيْكَ، قَالَ: انْظُرْ فَإِنْ كَانَ الْقَوْمُ قَلِيلًا فَالْجَلَدُ وَالْقُوَّةُ وَهُوَ الْمَوْتُ، وَإِنْ كَانُوا كَثِيرًا فَلَيْسُوا بِشَيْءٍ، قَالَ: فَالْتَفَتُّ فَقُلْتُ: هُمْ أَرْبَعَةٌ أَوْ خَمْسَةٌ، قَالَ: أَغِذَّ السَّيْرَ، فَفَعَلْتُ وَسَمِعَ وَقْعَ الْخَيْلِ عَنْ قُرْبٍ، فَقَالَ لِي: يَا عَمْرُو، كُنْ عَنْ يَمِينِ الطَّرِيقِ وَقِفْ وَحَوِّلْ وُجُوهَ دَوَابِّنَا [إِلَى الطَّرِيقِ] فَفَعَلْتُ وَوَقَفْتُ عَنْ يَمِينِ الرَّاحِلَةِ، وَوَقَفَ هُوَ عَنْ يَسَارِهَا، وَدَنَا الْقَوْمُ مِنَّا فَإِذَا هُمْ ثَلَاثَةُ نَفَرٍ فِيهِمْ شَيْخٌ كَبِيرٌ، وَهُوَ أَبُو الْجَارِيَةِ، وَأَخَوَاهَا غُلَامَانِ شَابَّانِ، فَسَلَّمُوا فَرَدَدْنَا السَّلَامَ وَوَقَفُوا عَنْ يَسَارِ الطَّرِيقِ، فَقَالَ الشَّيْخُ: خَلِّ عَنِ الْجَارِيَةِ يَا ابْنَ أَخِي، فَقَالَ: مَا كُنْتُ لِأُخَلِّيَهَا وَلَا لِهَذَا أَخَذْتُهَا، فَقَالَ لِأَصْغَرِ ابْنَيْهِ: اخْرُجْ إِلَيْهِ، فَخَرَجَ وَهُوَ يَجُرُّ رُمْحَهُ، وَحَمَلَ عَلَيْهِ الْحَارِثُ وَهُوَ يَرْتَجِزُ وَيَقُولُ: مِنْ دُونِ مَا تَرْجُوه? خَضْبُ الذَّابِلِ     مِنْ فَارِسٍ مُسْتَكْتِمٍ مُقَاتِلِ يَنْمِي إِلَى شَيْبَانَ خَيْرِ وَابِلٍ     مَا كَانَ سَيْرِي نَحْوَهَا بِبَاطِلِ ثُمَّ شَدَّ عَلَيْهِ فَطَعَنَهُ طَعْنَةً دَقَّ مِنْهَا صُلْبَهُ فَسَقَطَ مَيِّتًا. فَقَالَ الشَّيْخُ لِابْنِهِ الْآخَرِ: اخْرُجْ إِلَيْهِ يَا بُنَيَّ فَلَا خَيْرَ فِي الْحَيَاةِ عَلَى الذُّلِّ، فَخَرَجَ إِلَيْهِ فَأَقْبَلَ الْحَارِثُ يَرْتَجِزُ وَيَقُولُ: لَقَدْ رَأَيْتَ كَيْفَ كَانَتْ طَعْنَتِي      [وَالطَّعْنُ] لِلْقِرْنِ شَدِيدٌ بِهِمَّتِي وَالْمَوْتُ خَيْرٌ مِنْ فِرَاقِ خِلَّتِي     فَقَتْلِي الْيَوْمَ وَلَا مَذَلَّتِي ثُمَّ شَدَّ عَلَيْهِ فَطَعَنَهُ طَعْنَةً سَقَطَ مِنْهَا مَيِّتًا، فَقَالَ لَهُ الشَّيْخُ: خَلِّ عَنِ الظَّعِينَةِ يَا ابْنَ أَخِي، فَإِنِّي لَسْتُ كَمَنْ رَأَيْتَ، قَالَ: مَا كُنْتُ لِأُخَلِّيَهَا وَلَا لِهَذَا قَصَدْتُ، فَقَالَ الشَّيْخُ: اخْتَرْ يَا ابْنَ أَخِي، فَإِنْ شِئْتَ طَارَدْتُكَ، وَإِنْ شِئْتَ نَازَلْتُكَ، قَالَ: فَاغْتَنَمَهَا الْفَتَى فَقَالَ: نَازِلْنِي، ثُمَّ نَزَلَ وَنَزَلَ الشَّيْخُ وَهُوَ يَرْتَجِزُ وَيَقُولُ: مَا أَرْتَجِي عِنْدَ فَنَاءِ عُمْرِي     سَأَجْعَلُ السِّنِينَ مِثْلَ الشَّهْرِ شَيْخٌ يُحَامِي دُونَ بِيضِ الْخِدْرِ     إِنِ اسْتَبَاحَ الْبِيضَ قَصْمُ الظَّهْرِ سَوْفَ تَرَى كَيْفَ يَكُونُ صَبْرِي فَأَقْبَلَ إِلَيْهِ الْحَارِثُ وَهُوَ يَرْتَجِزُ وَيَقُولُ: بَعْدَ ارْتِحَالِي وَطَوِيلِ سَفَرِي     وَقَدْ ظَفِرْتُ وَشَفَيْتُ صَدْرِي وَالْمَوْتُ خَيْرٌ مِنْ لِبَاسِ الْغَدْرِ     وَالْعَارُ أُهْدِيهِ لِحَيِّ بَكْرِ ثُمَّ دَنَا فَقَالَ لَهُ الشَّيْخُ: يَا ابْنَ أَخِي إِنْ شِئْتَ ضَرَبْتُكَ، فَإِنْ بَقِيَتْ فِيكَ قُوَّةٌ ضَرَبْتَنِي، وَإِنْ شِئْتَ فَاضْرِبْنِي فَإِنْ بَقِيَتْ فِيَّ قُوَّةٌ ضَرَبْتُكَ، فَاغْتَنَمَهَا الْفَتَى فَقَالَ: أَنَا أَبْدَأُ أَوَّلَ، قَالَ: هَاتِ، فَرَفَعَ الْحَارِثُ السَّيْفَ، فَلَمَّا نَظَرَ الشَّيْخُ أَنَّهُ قَدْ أَهْوَى بِهِ إِلَى رَأْسِهِ ضَرَبَ بَطْنَهُ ضَرْبَةً قَدَّ مِنْهَا أَمْعَاءَهُ، وَوَقَعَتْ ضَرْبَةُ الْحَارِثِ فِي رَأْسِهِ فَسَقَطَا مَيِّتَيْنِ، فَأَخَذْتُ يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ أَرْبَعَةَ أَفْرَاسٍ وَأَرْبَعَةَ أَسْيَافٍ، ثُمَّ أَقْبَلْتُ إِلَى النَّاقَةِ، فَقُدْتُ أَعِنَّةَ الْأَفْرَاسِ بَعْضَهَا إِلَى بَعْضٍ وَجَعَلْتُ أَقُودُهَا، فَقَالَتْ لِي الْجَارِيَةُ: يَا عَمْرُو، إِلَى أَيْنَ وَلَسْتَ لِي بِصَاحِبٍ وَلَسْتَ كَمَنْ رَأَيْتَ، وَلَوْ كُنْتَ صَاحِبِي لَسَلَكْتَ سَبِيلَهُمْ، فَقُلْتُ: اسْكُتِي، قَالَتْ: فَإِنْ كُنْتُ صَادِقًا فَأَعْطِنِي رُمْحًا أَوْ سَيْفًا فَإِنْ غَلَبْتَنِي فَأَنَا لَكَ وَإِنْ غَلَبْتُكَ قَتَلْتُكَ، فَقُلْتُ لَهَا: مَا [أَنَا] بِمُعْطِيكِ ذَلِكَ وَقَدْ عَرَفْتُ أَصْلَكِ وَجُرْأَةَ قَوْمِكَ وَشَجَاعَتَهُمْ، فَرَمَتْ بِنَفْسِهَا عَنِ الْبَعِيرِ ثُمَّ أَقْبَلَتْ إِلَيَّ وَهِيَ تَرْتَجِزُ وَتَقُولُ: أَبْعَدَ شَيْخِي وَبَعْدَ أُخُوَّتِي     أَطْلُبُ عَيْشًا بَعْدَهُمْ فِي لَذَّتِي هَلَّا يَكُونُ قَبْلَ ذَا مَنِيَّتِي ثُمَّ أَهْوَتْ إِلَى الرُّمْحِ وَكَادَتْ تَنْتَزِعُهُ مِنْ يَدِي، فَلَمَّا رَأَيْتُ ذَلِكَ مِنْهَا خِفْتُ إِنَّ هِيَ ظَفِرَتْ بِي أَنْ تَقْتُلَنِي فَقَتَلْتُهَا. فَهَذَا أَشَدُّ مَا رَأَيْتُ يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، فَقَالَ عُمَرُ: صَدَقْتَ. قَالَ عُلَمَاءُ السِّيَرِ: قُتِلَ النُّعْمَانُ وَطُلَيْحَةُ وَعَمْرُو بْنُ مَعْدِيكَرِبَ يَوْمَ نَهَاوَنْدَ وَقُبُورُهُمْ هُنَاكَ. وَقَالَ بَعْضُ الْعُلَمَاءِ: دُفِنَ عَمْرُو بْنُ مَعْدِيكَرِبَ بِرُوذَةَ وَهِيَ بَيْنَ قُمَّ وَالرَّيِّ، وَهُنَاكَ مَاتَ. وَرَثَتْهُ امْرَأَةٌ فَقَالَتْ: لَقَدْ غَادَرَ الرَّكْبُ الَّذِينَ تَحَمَّلُوا     بِرُوذَةَ شَخْصًا لَا ضَعِيفًا وَلَا غَمْرَا فَقُلْ لِزُبَيْدٍ بَلْ لِمَذْحِجَ كُلِّهَا     فَقَدْتُمْ أَبَا ثَوْرٍ سِنَانَكُمُ عَمْرَا وَإِنْ تَجْزَعُوا لَمْ يُغْنِ ذَلِكَ عَنْكُمُ     وَلَكِنْ سَلُوا الرَّحْمَنَ يَعْقُبُكُمْ صَبْرَا وَقِيلَ: إِنَّهُ بَقِيَ إِلَى خِلَافَةِ عُثْمَانَ. وَقِيلَ: أَدْرَكَ خِلَافَةَ مُعَاوِيَةَ، وَالْأَوَّلُ أَصَحُّ عَيَّاشُ بْنُ [أَبِي] رَبِيعَةَ بْنِ الْمُغِيرَةِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ بْنِ مَخْزُومٍ: أُمُّهُ أَسْمَاءُ بِنْتُ مَخْرَمَةَ، أُمُّ أَبِي جَهْلٍ، فَهُوَ أَخُو أَبِي جَهْلٍ لِأُمِّهِ. أَسْلَمَ قَبْلَ دُخُولِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ دَارَ الْأَرْقَمِ، وَهَاجَرَ إِلَى الْحَبَشَةِ الْهِجْرَةَ الثَّانِيَةَ، ثُمَّ قَدِمَ مَكَّةَ، ثُمَّ هَاجَرَ إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ وَصَاحَبَ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ، فَلَمَّا نَزَلَ قُبَاءَ قَدِمَ عَلَيْهِ أَخَوَاهُ لِأُمِّهِ، أَبُو جَهْلٍ وَالْحَارِثُ ابْنَا هِشَامٍ، فَلَمْ يَزَالَا بِهِ حَتَّى رَدَّاهُ إِلَى مَكَّةَ فَأَوْثَقَاهُ وَحَبَسَاهُ، ثُمَّ أَفْلَتَ فَقَدِمَ الْمَدِينَةَ، فَلَمْ يَزَلْ بِهَا. فَلَمَّا قُبِضَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ خَرَجَ إِلَى الشَّامِ مُجَاهِدًا، ثُمَّ عَادَ إِلَى مَكَّةَ، فَتُوُفِّيَ بِهَا. رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ النُّعْمَانُ بْنُ عَمْرِو بْنِ مُقَرِّنِ بْنِ عَائِذِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو: شَهِدَ الْخَنْدَقَ مَعَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي سِتَّةِ إِخْوَةٍ لَهُ، النُّعْمَانِ، وَسُوَيْدٍ، وَسِنَانٍ، وَمَعْقِلٍ، وَعَقِيلٍ، وَعَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ. وَكَانَ النُّعْمَانُ يَحْمِلُ أَحَدَ أَلْوِيَةِ مُزَيْنَةَ الثَّلَاثَةِ يَوْمَ الْفَتْحِ، وَكَانَ أَمِيرَ النَّاسِ يَوْمَ نَهَاوَنْدَ،  وَعَلَى مَيْمَنَتِهِ الْأَشْعَثُ بْنُ قَيْسٍ، وَعَلَى مَيْسَرَتِهِ الْمُغِيرَةُ بْنُ شُعْبَةَ. وَكَانَ النُّعْمَانُ أَوَّلَ قَتِيلٍ قُتِلَ يَوْمَئِذٍ. أُسَيْدُ بْنُ حُضَيْرِ بْنِ سِمَاكِ بْنِ عَتِيكِ بْنِ امْرِئِ الْقَيْسِ. كَانَ أَبُوهُ شَرِيفًا فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ، رَئِيسَ الْأَوْسِ يَوْمَ بُعَاثٍ، وَكَانَ أُسَيْدُ بَعْدَ أَبِيهِ شَرِيفًا فِي قَوْمِهِ، يُعَدُّ مِنْ ذَوِي الْعُقُولِ وَالْآرَاءِ، وَكَانَ يَكْتُبُ بِالْعَرَبِيَّةِ، وَيُحْسِنُ الْعَوْمَ وَالرَّمْيَ، وَكَانَ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ يُسَمُّونَ مَنْ جَمَعَ فِيهِ هَذِهِ الْخِصَالَ: "الْكَامِلَ". وَأَسْلَمَ هُوَ وَسَعْدُ بْنُ مُعَاذٍ عَلَى يَدَيْ مُصْعَبِ بْنِ عُمَيْرٍ فِي يَوْمٍ وَاحِدٍ، وَشَهِدَ أُسَيْدٌ الْعَقَبَةَ الْأَخِيرَةَ مَعَ السَّبْعِينَ، وَكَانَ أَحَدَ النُّقَبَاءِ الِاثْنَيْ عَشَرَ،  وَلَمْ يَشْهَدْ بَدْرًا لِأَنَّهُ لَمْ يَظُنَّ أَنَّهُ يَجْرِي قِتَالٌ، وَشَهِدَ أُحُدًا وَثَبَتَ يَوْمَئِذٍ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَجُرِحَ بِسَبْعِ جِرَاحَاتٍ، وَشَهِدَ الْخَنْدَقَ وَالْمَشَاهِدَ بَعْدَهُ. عَنْ أَنَسٍ قَالَ: كَانَ أُسَيْدُ بْنُ حُضَيْرٍ وَعَبَّادُ بْنُ بِشْرٍ عِنْدَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي لَيْلَةٍ مُظْلِمَةٍ حِنْدِسٍ، فَتَحَدَّثَا عِنْدَهُ حَتَّى إِذَا خَرَجَا أَضَاءَتْ لَهُمَا عَصًا، فَمَشَيَا فِي ضَوْئِهَا، فَلَمَّا تَفَرَّقَ بِهِمَا الطَّرِيقُ أَضَاءَتْ لِكُلٍ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا عَصَاهُ، فَمَشَى فِي ضَوْئِهَا. أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ. تُوُفِّيَ أُسَيْدُ [بْنُ حُضَيْرٍ] فِي شَعْبَانَ فِي هَذِهِ السَّنَةِ،  فَصَلَّى عَلَيْهِ عُمَرُ بِالْبَقِيعِ بِلَالُ بْنُ رَبَاحٍ، مَوْلَى أَبِي بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقِ ؓ، وَيُكَنَّى أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ  . مِنْ مُوَلَّدِي السَّرَاةِ، وَاسْمُ أُمِّهِ حَمَامَةُ، وَكَانَ أَدَمَ شَدِيدَ الْأُدْمَةِ، نَحِيفًا، طِوَالًا، أَحْنَى، أَشْفَرَ، [لَهُ شَعَرٌ كَثِيرٌ]، خَفِيفَ الْعَارِضِينَ، بِهِ سِمْطٌ كَثِيرٌ لَا يُغَيَّرُ. وقَالَ عُلَمَاءُ السِّيَرِ: شَهِدَ بِلَالٌ بَدْرًا وَالْمَشَاهِدَ كُلَّهَا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ،  وَأَمَرَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَأَذَّنَ يَوْمَ الْفَتْحِ عَلَى ظَهْرِ الْكَعْبَةِ، وَالْحَارِثُ بْنُ هِشَامٍ، وَصَفْوَانُ بْنُ أُمَيَّةَ قَاعِدَانِ، فَقَالَ أَحَدُهُمَا لِلْآخَرِ: انْظُرْ إِلَى هَذَا الْحَبَشِيِّ، فَقَالَ الْآخَرُ: إِنْ يَكْرَهْهُ اللَّهُ يُغَيِّرْهُ. وَلَمَّا مَاتَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ كَانَ بِلَالٌ يُؤَذِّنُ، فَإِذَا قَالَ: "أَشْهَدُ أَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ" انْتَحَبَ النَّاسُ، فَلَمَّا دُفِنَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ لَهُ أَبُو بَكْرٍ: أَذِّنْ. فَقَالَ لَهُ: إِنْ كُنْتَ إِنَّمَا أَعْتَقْتَنِي لِأَنْ أَكُونَ مَعَكَ، فَسَبِيلُ ذَلِكَ، وَإِنْ كُنْتَ أَعْتَقْتَنِي لِلَّهِ فَخَلِّنِي وَمَنْ أَعْتَقْتَنِي لَهُ. فَقَالَ: مَا أَعْتَقْتُكَ إِلَّا لِلَّهِ. قَالَ: فَإِنِّي لَا أُؤَذِّنُ لِأَحَدٍ بَعْدَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ. قَالَ: فَذَاكَ إِلَيْكَ. قَالَ: فَأَقَامَ حَتَّى خَرَجَتْ بُعُوثُ الشَّامِ، فَسَارَ مَعَهُمْ. وَقِيلَ: إِنَّمَا أَقَامَ حَيَاةَ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، فَلَمَّا وَلِيَ عُمَرُ رَحَلَ [إِلَى] الشَّامِ، فَمَاتَ هُنَاكَ فِي هَذِهِ السَّنَةِ. وَهُوَ ابْنُ بِضْعٍ وَسِتِّينَ سَنَةً. خويلد بن مرة - خُوَيْلِدُ بْنُ مُرَّةَ، أَبُو خِرَاشٍ الْهُذَلِيُّ. شَاعِرٌ مَجِيدٌ مِنْ شُعَرَاءِ هُذَيْلٍ، أَدْرَكَ الْجَاهِلِيَّةَ وَالْإِسْلَامَ فَأَسْلَمَ، وَلَمْ أَرَ أَحَدًا ذَكَرَهُ فِي الصَّحَابَةِ، وَعَاشَ بَعْدَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ حَتَّى مَاتَ فِي خِلَافَةِ عُمَرَ، نَهَشَتْهُ أَفْعَى فَمَاتَ، وَكَانَ إِذَا عَدَا سَبَقَ الْخَيْلَ. قَالَ الْأَصْمَعِيُّ: حَدَّثَنِي رَجُلٌ مِنْ هُذَيْلٍ قَالَ: دَخَلَ أَبُو خِرَاشٍ الْهُذَلِيُّ مَكَّةَ وَلِلْوَلِيدِ بْنِ الْمُغِيرَةِ فُرْسَانٌ يُرِيدُ أَنْ يُرْسِلَهُمَا فِي الْحَلْبَةِ، فَقَالَ لِلْوَلِيدِ: مَا تَجْعَلُ لِي إِنْ سَبَقْتُهُمَا؟ قَالَ: إِنْ فَعَلْتَ ذَلِكَ فَهُمَا لَكَ. فَأُرْسِلَا وَعَدَا بَيْنَهُمَا فَسَبَقَهُمَا وَأَخَذَهُمَا. زينب بنت جحش زَيْنَبُ بِنْتُ جَحْشٍ تَزَوَّجَهَا زَيْدُ بْنُ حَارِثَةَ ثُمَّ طَلَّقَهَا، فَتَزَوَّجَهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي سَنَةِ أَرْبَعٍ، وَبِسَبَبِهَا نَزَلَتْ آيَةُ الْحِجَابِ،  وَكَانَتْ تَفْخَرُ عَلَى النِّسَاءِ فَتَقُولُ: زَوَّجَكُنَّ أَهَالِيكُنَّ، وَزَوَّجَنِي اللَّهُ مِنْ فَوْقِ سَبْعِ سَمَاوَاتٍ، وَلَمَّا نَزَلَ قَوْلُهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ: زَوَّجْنَاكَهَا دَخَلَ عَلَيْهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِلَا إِذْنٍ، وَكَانَتْ تَعْمَلُ بِيَدِهَا وَتَتَصَدَّقُ. عَنْ بَرْزَةَ بِنْتِ رَافِعٍ قَالَتْ: لَمَّا جَاءَ الْعَطَاءُ بَعَثَ عُمَرُ ؓ إِلَى زَيْنَبَ بِنْتِ جَحْشٍ بِالَّذِي لَهَا، فَلَمَّا دُخِلَ عَلَيْهَا قَالَتْ: غَفَرَ اللَّهُ لِعُمَرَ، لَغَيْرِي مِنْ أَخَوَاتِي كَانَ أَقْوَى عَلَى قَسْمِ هَذَا مِنِّي. قَالُوا: هَذَا كُلُّهُ لَكِ. فَقَالَتْ: سُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ. وَاسْتَتَرَتْ دُونَهُ بِثَوْبٍ وَقَالَتْ: صُبُّوهُ وَاطْرَحُوا عَلَيْهِ ثَوْبًا. وَقَالَتْ لِي: أَدْخِلِي يَدَكِ فَاقْبِضِي مِنْهُ قَبْضَةً، فَاذْهَبِي بِهَا إِلَى فُلَانٍ وَإِلَى فُلَانٍ مِنْ أَيْتَامِهَا وَذَوِي رَحِمِهَا، فَقَسَّمَتْهُ حَتَّى بَقِيَتْ مِنْهُ بَقِيَّةٌ فَقَالَتْ لَهَا بَرْزَةُ: غَفَرَ اللَّهُ لَكِ، وَاللَّهِ لَقَدْ كَانَ لَنَا فِي هَذَا حَظٌّ، قَالَتْ: فَلَكُمْ مَا تَحْتَ الثَّوْبِ. قَالَتْ: فَرَفَعْنَا الثَّوْبَ فَوَجَدْنَا خَمْسَةً وَثَمَانِينَ دِرْهَمًا، ثُمَّ رَفَعَتْ يَدَيْهَا فَقَالَتِ: اللَّهُمَّ لَا يُدْرِكْنِي عَطَاءٌ لِعُمَرَ بَعْدَ عَامِي هَذَا، فَمَاتَتْ [قَبْلَ الْحَوْلِ]. عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ ]، عَنْ سَالِمٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَهُوَ جَالِسٌ مَعَ نِسَائِهِ: "أَطْوَلُكُنَّ [بَاعًا] أَسْرَعُكُنَّ لُحُوقًا بِي"، فَكُنَّ يَتَطَاوَلْنَ إِلَى الشَّيْءِ، إِنَّمَا عَنَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِذَلِكَ الصَّدَقَةَ. وَكَانَتْ زَيْنَبُ امْرَأَةً صَنَاعًا، وَكَانَتْ تَتَصَدَّقُ بِهِ، وَكَانَتْ أَسْرَعَ نِسَائِهِ بِهِ لُحُوقًا.   عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَامِرِ بْنِ رَبِيعَةَ قَالَ: رَأَيْتُ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ ؓ صَلَّى عَلَى زَيْنَبَ بِنْتِ جَحْشٍ سَنَةَ عِشْرِينَ، فِي يَوْمٍ صَائِفٍ، وَرَأَيْتُ ثَوْبًا مُدَّ عَلَى قَبْرِهَا وَعُمَرُ قَائِمٌ، وَالْأَكَابِرُ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ قِيَامٌ، فَأَمَرَ عُمَرُ مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ جَحْشٍ، وَأُسَامَةَ بْنَ زَيْدٍ، وَعَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ أَبِي أَحْمَدَ بْنِ جَحْشٍ، وَمُحَمَّدَ بْنَ طَلْحَةَ -وَهُوَ ابْنُ أُخْتِهَا- فَنَزَلُوا مِنْ قَبْرِهَا. قَالُوا: وَتُوُفِّيَتْ بِنْتَ ثَلَاثٍ وَخَمْسِينَ سَنَةً 222 - سعيد بن عامر سَعِيدُ بْنُ عَامِرِ بْنِ حِذْيَمِ بْنِ سَلَامَانَ. أَسْلَمَ قَبْلَ خَيْبَرَ، وَشَهِدَهَا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَمَا بَعْدَهَا. عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ سَابِطٍ قَالَ: أَرْسَلَ عُمَرُ إِلَى سَعِيدِ بْنِ عَامِرٍ فَقَالَ: إِنَّا مُسْتَعْمِلُوكَ عَلَى هَؤُلَاءِ تَسِيرُ بِهِمْ إِلَى أَرْضِ الْعَدُوِّ فَتُجَاهِدُ بِهِمْ. فَقَالَ: يَا عُمَرُ، لَا تَفْتِنِّي، فَقَالَ عُمَرُ: وَاللَّهِ لَا أَدَعُكُمْ، جَعَلْتُمُوهَا فِي عُنُقِي ثُمَّ تَخَلَّيْتُمْ مِنِّي، إِنَّمَا أَبْعَثُكَ عَلَى قَوْمٍ لَسْتَ بِأَفْضَلِهِمْ، وَلَسْتَ أَبْعَثُكَ لِتَضْرِبَ أَبْشَارَهُمْ وَلَا تَنْتَهِكَ أَعْرَاضَهُمْ، وَلَكِنْ تُجَاهِدُ بِهِمْ عَدُوَّهُمْ وَتَقْسِمُ بَيْنَهُمْ فِيهِمْ. فَقَالَ: اتَّقِ اللَّهَ يَا عُمَرُ، أَحِبَّ لِأَهْلِ الْإِسْلَامِ مَا تُحِبُّ لِنَفْسِكَ، وَحُضَّ الْعَمَرَاتِ إِلَى الْحَقِّ حَيْثُ عَلِمْتَهُ، وَلَا تَخْشَ فِي اللَّهِ لَوْمَةَ لَائِمٍ. فَقَالَ عُمَرُ: وَيْحَكَ يَا سَعِيدُ، وَمَنْ يُطِقْ هَذَا؟ فَقَالَ: مَنْ وَضَعَ اللَّهُ فِي عُنُقِهِ مِثْلَ الَّذِي وَضَعَ فِي عُنُقِكَ، إِنَّمَا عَلَيْكَ أَنْ تَأْمُرَ فَيُطَاعَ أَمْرُكَ، أَوْ تَتْرُكَ فَيَكُونَ لَكَ الْحُجَّةُ. فَقَالَ عُمَرُ: إِنَّا سَنَجْعَلُ لَكَ رِزْقًا. قَالَ: لَقَدْ أُعْطِيتُ مَا يَكْفِينِي دُونَهُ -يَعْنِي عَطَاءَهُ- وَمَا أَنَا بِمُزْدَادٍ مِنْ مَالِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ شَيْئًا. قَالَ: وَكَانَ إِذَا خَرَجَ عَطَاؤُهُ نَظَرَ إِلَى قُوتِ أَهْلِهِ مِنْ طَعَامِهِمْ وَكِسْوَتِهِمْ وَمَا يُصْلِحُهُمْ فَيَعْزِلُهُ، وَيَنْظُرُ إِلَى بَقِيَّتِهِ فَيَتَصَدَّقُ بِهِ، فَيَقُولُ أَهْلُهُ: أَيْنَ بَقِيَّةُ الْمَالِ؟ فَيَقُولُ: أَقْرَضْتُهُ. قَالَ: فَأَتَاهُ نَفَرٌ مِنْ قَوْمِهِ، فَقَالُوا: لَوْلَا أَنَّ لِأَهْلِكَ عَلَيْكَ حَقًّا وَإِنَّ لِأَصْهَارِكَ عَلَيْكَ حَقًّا، وَإِنَّ لِقَوْمِكَ عَلَيْكَ حَقًّا. فَقَالَ: مَا اسْتَأْثَرَ عَلَيْهِمْ أَنْ يَرَى لَمْعَ أَيْدِيهِمْ، وَمَا أَنَا بِطَالِبٍ أَوْ مُلْتَمِسٍ رِضَى أَحَدٍ مِنَ النَّاسِ بِطَلَبِي الْحُورَ الْعِينَ، الَّذِي لَوِ اطَّلَعَتْ وَاحِدَةٌ مِنْهُنَّ لَأَشْرَقَتْ لَهَا الْأَرْضُ كَمَا تُشْرِقُ الشَّمْسُ، وَمَا أَنَا بِمُسْتَخْلِفٍ عَنِ الْعِتْقِ الْأَوَّلِ بَعْدَ أَنْ سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ: "يَجِيءُ فُقَرَاءُ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ يُزَفُّونَ كَمَا يُزَفُّ الْحَمَامُ، قَالَ: فَيُقَالُ لَهُمْ: قِفُوا لِلْحِسَابِ. فَيَقُولُونَ: وَاللَّهِ مَا تَرَكْنَا شَيْئًا يُحَاسَبُ بِهِ. فَيَقُولُ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ: صَدَقَ عِبَادِي. فَيَدْخُلُونَ الْجَنَّةَ [قَبْلَ النَّاسِ] بِسَبْعِينَ عَامًا". عن خَالِدُ بْنُ مَعْدَانَ] قَالَ: اسْتَعْمَلَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ بِحِمْصَ سَعِيدَ بْنَ عَامِرِ بْنِ حِذْيَمٍ، فَلَمَّا قَدِمَ عُمَرُ حِمْصَ قَالَ: يَا أَهْلَ حِمْصَ، كَيْفَ وَجَدْتُمْ عَامِلَكُمْ؟ فَشَكَوْهُ إِلَيْهِ، وَكَانَ يُقَالُ لِحِمْصَ "الْكُوَيْفَةُ" الصُّغْرَى لِشِكَايَتِهِمُ الْعُمَّالَ، قَالُوا: فَشَكَوْا أَرْبَعًا: لَا يَخْرُجُ إِلَيْنَا حَتَّى يَتَعَالَى النَّهَارُ. قَالَ: أَعْظِمْ بِهَا. قَالَ: وَمَاذَا؟ قَالُوا: لَا يُجِيبُ أَحَدًا بِاللَّيْلِ. قَالَ: وَعَظِيمَةٌ. قَالَ: وَمَاذَا؟ قَالُوا: وَلَهُ يَوْمٌ فِي الشَّهْرِ لَا يَخْرُجُ فِيهِ إِلَيْنَا، قَالَ: وَعَظِيمَةٌ. قَالَ: وَمَاذَا؟ قَالُوا: يُغْبَطُ الْغِبْطَةَ بَيْنَ الْأَيَّامِ -أَيْ: تَأْخُذُهُ مَوْتَةٌ- قَالَ: فَجَمَعَ عُمَرُ بَيْنَهُمْ وَبَيْنَهُ، وَقَالَ: اللَّهُمَّ لَا يُقْبَلُ رَأْيٌ فِيهِ الْيَوْمَ، مَا تَشْكُونَ مِنْهُ. قَالَ: وَلَا يَخْرُجُ إِلَيْنَا حَتَّى يَتَعَالَى النَّهَارُ. قَالَ: وَاللَّهِ إِنْ كُنْتُ لَأَكْرَهُ ذِكْرَهُ؛ لَيْسَ لِي وَلِأَهْلِي خَادِمٌ فَأَعْجِنُ عَجِينِي، ثُمَّ أَجْلِسُ حَتَّى يَخْتَمِرَ، ثُمَّ أَخْبِزُ خُبْزِي، ثُمَّ أَتَوَضَّأُ، ثُمَّ أَخْرَجُ إِلَيْهِمْ. فَقَالَ: مَا تَشْكُونَ مِنْهُ؟ فَقَالُوا: لَا يُجِيبُ أَحَدًا بِاللَّيْلِ. قَالَ: مَا يَقُولُونَ؟ قَالَ: إِنْ كُنْتُ لَأَكْرَهُ ذِكْرَهُ؛ إِنِّي جَعَلْتُ النَّهَارَ لَهُمْ وَاللَّيْلَ لِلَّهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ. قَالَ: وَمَا تَشْكُونَ مِنْهُ؟ قَالُوا: إِنَّ لَهُ يَوْمًا فِي الشَّهْرِ لَا يَخْرُجُ إِلَيْنَا فِيهِ. قَالَ: مَا يَقُولُونَ؟ قَالَ: لَيْسَ لِي خَادِمٌ يَغْسِلُ ثِيَابِي وَلَا لِي ثِيَابٌ أُبَدِّلُهَا، فَأَجْلِسُ حَتَّى تَجِفَّ، ثُمَّ أُدَلِّكَهَا، ثُمَّ أَخْرَجَ إِلَيْهِمْ مِنْ آخِرِ النَّهَارِ. قَالَ: مَا تَشْكُونَ مِنْهُ؟ قَالُوا: يُغْبَطُ الْغِبْطَةَ بَيْنَ الْأَيَّامِ. قَالَ: مَا يَقُولُونَ؟ قَالَ: شَهِدْتُ مَصْرَعَ خُبَيْبٍ الْأَنْصَارِيِّ بِمَكَّةَ، وَقَدْ بَضَّعَتْ قُرَيْشٌ لَحْمَهُ، ثُمَّ حَمَلُوهُ عَلَى جَدْعِهِ، فَقَالُوا: أَتُحِبُّ أَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا مَكَانَكَ؟ قَالَ: وَاللَّهِ مَا أُحِبُّ أَنِّي فِي أَهْلِي وَوَلَدِي، وَأَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا أُشِيكَ بِشَوْكَةٍ. ثُمَّ نَادَى: يَا مُحَمَّدُ. مَا ذَكَرْتُ ذَلِكَ الْيَوْمَ، وَتَرْكِي نُصْرَتَهُ فِي تِلْكَ الْحَالِ وَأَنَا مُشْرِكٌ لَا أُؤْمِنُ بِاللَّهِ الْعَظِيمِ إِلَّا ظَنَنْتُ أَنَّ اللَّهَ لَا يَغْفِرُ لِي ذَلِكَ الذَّنْبَ أَبَدًا، فَتُصِيبُنِي تِلْكَ الْغِبْطَةُ. فَقَالَ عُمَرُ: الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ الَّذِي لَمْ يَقْبَلْ فِرَاسَتِي. فَبَعَثَ إِلَيْهِ بِأَلْفِ دِينَارٍ، وَقَالَ: اسْتَعِنْ بِهَا عَلَى أَمْرِكَ. فَقَالَتِ امْرَأَتُهُ: الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ الَّذِي أَغْنَانَا عَنْ خِدْمَتِكَ. فَقَالَ لَهَا: فَهَلْ لَكِ فِي خَيْرٍ مِنْ ذَلِكَ؟ نَدْفَعُهَا إِلَى مَنْ يَأْتِينَا بِهَا أَحْوَجَ مَا يَكُونُ إِلَيْهَا. قَالَتْ: نَعَمْ. فَدَعَا رَجُلًا مِنْ أَهْلِهِ يَثِقُ بِهِ، فَصَرَّرَهَا صُرَرًا، ثُمَّ قَالَ: انْطَلِقْ بِهَذِهِ إِلَى أَرْمَلَةِ آلِ فُلَانٍ، وَإِلَى يَتِيمِ آلِ فُلَانٍ، وَإِلَى مِسْكِينِ آلِ فُلَانٍ، وَإِلَى مُبْتَلَى آلِ فُلَانٍ، فَبَقِيَتْ مِنْهَا ذَهَبِيَّةٌ، فَقَالَ: أَنْفِقِي هَذِهِ. ثُمَّ عَادَ إِلَى عَمَلِهِ. فَقَالَتْ: أَلَا تَشْتَرِيَ لَنَا خَادِمًا، مَا فَعَلَ ذَلِكَ الْمَالُ؟! قَالَ: سَيَأْتِيكِ أَحْوَجَ مَا تَكُونِينَ. . عياض بن غنم عِيَاضُ بْنُ غَنْمِ بْنِ زُهَيْرٍ الْفِهْرِيُّ شَهِدَ الْحُدَيْبِيَةَ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَحَضَرَ فَتْحَ الْمَدَائِنِ مَعَ سَعْدِ بْنِ أَبِي وَقَّاصٍ، وَفَتَحَ فُتُوحًا كَثِيرَةً بِبِلَادِ الشَّامِ، وَنَوَاحِي الْجَزِيرَةِ، وَلَمَّا احْتُضِرَ أَبُو عُبَيْدَةَ بِالشَّامِ وَلَّى عِيَاضَ بْنَ غَنْمٍ عَمَلَهُ، فَأَقَرَّهُ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ ؓ وَبَعَثَهُ سَعْدٌ إِلَى الْجَزِيرَةِ، فَنَزَلَ بِجُنْدِهِ عَلَى الرَّهَا، فَصَالَحَهُ أَهْلُهَا عَلَى الْجِزْيَةِ، وَصَالَحَتْ حَرَّانُ حَيْثُ صَالَحَتِ الرَّهَا، فَكَانَ فَتْحُ الْجَزِيرَةِ، وَالرَّهَا، وَحَرَّانَ، وَالرِّقَّةِ عَلَى يَدِهِ فِي سَنَةِ ثَمَانِ عِشْرَةَ، وَكَتَبَ لَهُمْ كِتَابًا، وَكَانَ جَوَادًا، فَقِيلَ لِعُمَرَ: إِنَّهُ يُبَذِّرُ الْمَالَ. فَقَالَ: إِنَّ سَمَاحَهُ فِي ذَاتِ يَدِهِ، فَإِذَا بَلَغَ مَالَ اللَّهِ لَمْ يُعْطِ مِنْهُ شَيْئًا، فَلَا أَعْزِلُ مَنْ وَلَّاهُ أَبُو عُبَيْدَةَ. عن الزُّبَيْرُ بْنُ بَكَّارٍ قَالَ: كَانَ عِيَاضُ بْنُ غَنْمٍ شَرِيفًا، وَلَهُ فُتُوحٌ بِنَوَاحِي الْجَزِيرَةِ. فِي زَمَانِ عُمَرَ، وَهُوَ أَوَّلُ مَنْ أَجَازَ الدَّرْبَ إِلَى أَرْضِ الرُّومِ].   عَنْ مُوسَى ?ْنِ عُقْبَةَ قَالَ: لَمَّا وَلِيَ عِيَاضُ بْنُ غَنْمٍ قَدِمَ عَلَيْهِ نَفَرٌ مِنْ أَهْلِ بَيْتِهِ يَطْلُبُونَ صِلَتَهُ، فَلَقِيَهُمْ بِالْبِشْرِ وَأَنْزَلَهُمْ وَأَكْرَمَهُمْ، فَأَقَامُوا أَيَّامًا، ثُمَّ كَلَّمُوهُ فِي الصِّلَةِ، وَأَخْبَرُوهُ بِمَا لَقَوْهُ مِنَ الْمَشَقَّةِ فِي السَّفَرِ رَجَاءَ صِلَتِهِ، فَأَعْطَى كُلَّ رَجُلٍ مِنْهُمْ عَشَرَةَ دَنَانِيرَ، وَكَانُوا خَمْسَةً، فَرَدُّوهَا وَتَسَخَّطُوا وَنَالُوا مِنْهُ فَقَالَ: أَيْ بَنِي عَمِّ، وَاللَّهِ مَا أُنْكِرُ قَرَابَتَكُمْ وَلَا حَقَّكُمْ وَلَا بُعْدَ شُقَّتِكُمْ، وَلَكِنْ -وَاللَّهِ- مَا خَلُصْتُ إِلَى مَا وَصَلْتُكُمْ بِهِ إِلَّا بِبَيْعِ خَادِمِي وَبَيْعِ مَا لَا غِنَى لِي عَنْهُ، فَاعْذُرُوا. قَالُوا: وَاللَّهِ مَا عَذَرَكَ اللَّهُ؛ فَإِنَّكَ وَالِي نِصْفِ الشَّامِ، وَتُعْطِي الرَّجُلَ مِنَّا مَا جُهْدُهُ يُبَلِّغُهُ إِلَى أَهْلِهِ. قَالَ: فَتَأْمُرُونَنِي أَنْ أَسْرِقَ مَالَ اللَّهِ، فَوَاللَّهِ لَئَنْ أُشَقَّ بِالْمِنْشَارِ أَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ مِنْ أَنْ أَخُونَ فِلْسًا أَوْ أَتَعَدَّى. قَالُوا: عَذَرْنَاكَ فِي ذَاتِ يَدِكَ، فَوَلِّنَا أَعْمَالًا مِنْ أَعْمَالِكَ نُؤَدِّي مَا يُؤَدِّي النَّاسُ إِلَيْكَ، وَنُصِيبُ مِنَ الْمَنْفَعَةِ مَا يُصِيبُونَ، فَأَنْتَ تَعْرِفُ حَالَنَا، وَأَنَّا لَيْسَ نَعْدُو مَا جَعَلْتَ لَنَا. قَالَ: وَاللَّهِ لِأَنِّي أَعْرِفُكُمْ بِالْفَضْلِ وَالْخَيْرِ، وَلَكِنْ يَبْلُغُ عُمَرَ أَنِّي وَلَّيْتُ نَفَرًا مِنْ قَوْمِي فَيَلُومُنِي. قَالُوا: فَقَدْ وَلَّاكَ أَبُو عُبَيْدَةَ وَأَنْتَ مِنْهُ فِي الْقَرَابَةِ بِحَيْثُ أَنْتَ، فَأَنْفَذَ ذَلِكَ عُمَرُ، فَلَوْ وَلَّيْتَنَا أَنْفَذَهُ. قَالَ: إِنِّي لَسْتُ عِنْدَ عُمَرَ كَأَبِي عُبَيْدَةَ. فَمَضَوْا لَائِمِينَ لَهُ. وَمَاتَ وَلَا مَالَ لَهُ، وَلَا عَلَيْهِ دَيْنٌ لِأَحَدٍ، سَنَةَ [عِشْرِينَ] وَهُوَ ابْنُ سِتِّينَ سَنَةً مالك بن التيهان مَالِكُ بْنُ التَّيِّهَانِ، أَبُو الْهَيْثَمِ كَانَ يَكْرَهُ الْأَصْنَامَ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ، وَيَقُولُ بِالتَّوْحِيدِ هُوَ وَأَسْعَدُ بْنُ زُرَارَةَ، وَكَانَ أَوَّلَ مَنْ أَسْلَمَ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ الَّذِينَ لَقُوا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِمَكَّةَ،  ثُمَّ شَهِدَ الْعَقَبَةَ مَعَ السَّبْعِينَ، وَهُوَ أَحَدُ النُّقَبَاءِ الِاثْنَيْ عَشَرَ، شَهِدَ بَدْرًا وَالْمَشَاهِدَ كُلَّهَا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَبَعَثَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِلَى خَيْبَرَ خَارِصًا. هرقل ملك الروم وَتُوُفِّيَ بِالْمَدِينَةِ فِي هَذِهِ السَّنَةِ 225 - هِرَقْلُ مِلْكُ الرُّومِ وَقَدْ سَبَقَتْ أَخْبَارُهُ وَمُكَاتَبَةُ الرَّسُولِ ﷺ إِيَّاهُ، وَغَيْرُ ذَلِكَ. مَاتَ فِي هَذِهِ السَّنَةِ، وَوَلِيَ مَكَانَهُ ابْنُهُ قُسْطَنْطِينُ. أم ورقة بنت الحارث 226 - أُمُّ وَرَقَةَ بِنْتُ الْحَارِثِ أَسْلَمَتْ وَبَايَعَتْ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَكَانَتْ قَدْ جَمَعَتِ الْقُرْآنَ، وَأَمَرَهَا النَّبِيُّ ﷺ أَنْ تَؤُمَّ أَهْلَ دَارِهَا، فَكَانَتْ تَؤُمُّهُمْ. وعن الْوَلِيدُ بْنُ جَمِيعٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَتْنِي جَدَّتِي عَنْ أُمِّهَا أُمِّ وَرَقَةَ بِنْتِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ الْأَنْصَارِيَّةِ -وَكَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَزُورُهَا وَيُسَمِّيهَا الشَّهِيدَةَ، وَكَانَتْ قَدْ جَمَعَتِ الْقُرْآنَ، وَكَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ حِينَ غَزَا بَدْرًا قَالَتْ لَهُ: ائْذَنْ لِي فَأَخْرُجُ مَعَكَ وَأُدَاوِي جَرْحَاكُمْ وَأُمَرِّضُ مَرْضَاكُمْ لَعَلَّ اللَّهَ يُهْدِي لِي الشَّهَادَةَ. قَالَ: "إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ مَهَّدَ لَكِ الشَّهَادَةَ" حَتَّى عَدَا عَلَيْهَا جَارِيَةٌ وَغُلَامٌ لَهَا كَانَتْ قَدْ دَبَّرَتْهُمَا فَقَتَلَاهَا فِي إِمَارَةِ عُمَرَ ؓ، فَقَالَ عُمَرُ: صَدَقَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ كَانَ يَقُولُ: "انْطَلِقُوا بِنَا نَزُورُ الشَّهِيدَةَ". جِعَالُ بْنُ سُرَاقَةَ الضَّمْرِيُّ وَيُقَالُ: جُعَيْلٌ، وَغَيَّرَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ اسْمَهُ فَسَمَّاهُ عُمَرَ، وَكَانَ دَمِيمًا قَبِيحَ الْخَلْقِ، إِلَّا أَنَّهُ كَانَ رَجُلًا صَالِحًا، أَسْلَمَ قَدِيمًا، وَشَهِدَ أُحُدًا وَالْمَشَاهِدَ بَعْدَهَا، وَبَعَثَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بَشِيرًا إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ بِسَلَامَتِهِمْ فِي غُزَاةِ ذَاتِ الرِّقَاعِ، وَلَمَّا قَسَّمَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ غَنَائِمَ حُنَيْنٍ قَالَ سَعْدُ بْنُ أَبِي وَقَّاصٍ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، أَعْطَيْتَ الْأَقْرَعَ، وَعُيَيْنَةَ وَتَرَكْتُ جُعَيْلًا؟! فَقَالَ: "وَالَّذِي نَفْسِي بِيَدِهِ، لَجُعَيْلٌ خَيْرٌ مِنْ طِلَاعِ الْأَرْضِ كُلِّهَا مِثْلَ عُيَيْنَةَ وَالْأَقْرَعِ،  وَلَكِنِّي تَأَلَّفْتُهُمَا لِيُسْلِمَا، وَوَكَلْتُ جُعَيْلَ بْنَ سُرَاقَةَ إِلَى إِسْلَامِهِ" حُمَمَةُ وعن مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ، قَالَ: قَالَ حُمَيْدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ ] كَانَ رَجُلٌ يُقَالُ لَهُ حُمَمَةُ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ خَرَجَ إِلَى أَصْبَهَانَ غَازِيًا، وَفُتِحَتْ فِي خِلَافَةِ عُمَرَ، فَقَالَ: اللَّهُمَّ إِنَّ حُمَمَةَ يَزْعُمُ أَنَّهُ يُحِبُّ لِقَاءَكَ، فَإِنْ كَانَ صَادِقًا فَاعْزِمْ عَلَيْهِ بِصِدْقِهِ، وَإِنْ كَانَ كَاذِبًا فَاعْزِمْ لَهُ عَلَيْهِ،  وَإِنْ كَرِهَ، اللَّهُمَّ لَا تَرُدَّ حُمَمَةَ فِي سَفَرِهِ هَذَا. فَمَاتَ بِأَصْبَهَانَ، فَقَامَ أَبُو مُوسَى فَقَالَ: أَلَا إِنَّا وَاللَّهِ مَا سَمِعْنَا مِنْ نَبِيِّكُمْ، وَمَا بَلَغَ عِلْمَنَا إِلَّا أَنَّ حُمَمَةَ شَهِيدٌ. رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ. خَالِدُ بْنُ الْوَلِيدِ بْنِ الْمُغِيرَةِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ بْنِ مَخْزُومٍ، أَبُو سُلَيْمَانَ،   ؓ وَأُمُّهُ عَصْمَاءُ، وَهِيَ لُبَابَةُ الصُّغْرَى بِنْتُ الْحَارِثِ بْنِ حَرْبٍ، وَهِيَ أُخْتُ أُمِّ الْفَضْلِ بِنْتِ الْحَارِثِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ أُمِّ بَنِي الْعَبَّاسِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ [ ؓ ]. قَالَ عُلَمَاءُ السِّيَرِ: دَخَلَ خَالِدُ بْنُ الْوَلِيدِ ] يَوْمَ الْفَتْحِ مِنَ اللَّيْطِ، فَوَجَدَ جَمِيعًا مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ يَمْنَعُونَهُ الدُّخُولَ، فَقَاتَلَهُمْ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: "أَلَمْ أَنْهَ عَنِ الْقِتَالِ؟" فَقِيلَ: خَالِدٌ قُوتِلَ فَقَاتَلَ. فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: "قَضَاءُ اللَّهِ خَيْرٌ". وَخَرَجَ خَالِدٌ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِلَى حُنَيْنٍ، وَإِلَى تَبُوكَ، ثُمَّ بَعَثَهُ إِلَى أُكَيْدِرِ دُومَةَ، وَخَرَجَ مَعَهُ فِي حَجَّةِ الْوَدَاعِ، فَلَمَّا حَلَقَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ رَأْسَهُ أَعْطَاهُ نَاصِيَتَهُ، فَكَانَتْ فِي مُقَدِّمَةِ قَلَنْسُوَتِهِ، فَكَانَ لَا يَلْقَى أَحَدًا إِلَّا هَزَمَهُ. وَسَمَّاهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ "سَيْفَ اللَّهِ".   ، وَكَانَ شُجَاعًا، فَكَانَ يَقُولُ: لَا أَدْرِي مِنْ أَيِّ يَوْمَيَّ أَفِرُّ، مِنْ يَوْمٍ أَرَادَ اللَّهُ أَنْ يُهْدِيَ لِي فِيهِ شَهَادَةً، أَوْ مِنْ يَوْمٍ أَرَادَ أَنْ يُهْدِيَ لِي فِيهِ كَرَامَةً. عَنْ سَالِمٍ قَالَ: حَجَّ عُمَرُ، وَاشْتَكَى خَالِدٌ بَعْدَهُ وَهُوَ خَارِجٌ مِنَ الْمَدِينَةِ زَائِرًا لِأُمِّهِ، فَقَالَ لَهَا: أَحْدِرُونِي إِلَى مُهَاجِرِي، فَقَدِمَتْ بِهِ الْمَدِينَةَ وَمَرَّضَتْهُ، فَلَمَّا ثَقُلَ وَأَظَلَّ قُدُومُ عُمَرَ لَقِيَهُ لَاقٍ عَلَى مَسِيرَةِ ثَلَاثٍ، صَادِرًا عَنْ حَجِّهِ، فَقَالَ لَهُ عُمَرُ: مَهْيَمْ. فَقَالَ: خَالِدُ بْنُ الْوَلِيدِ ثَقِيلٌ لِمَا بِهِ. فَطَوَى ثَلَاثًا فِي لَيْلَةٍ، فَأَدْرَكَهُ حِينَ قَضَى، فَرَقَّ عَلَيْهِ وَاسْتَرْجَعَ، وَجَلَسَ بِبَابِهِ حَتَّى جُهِّزَ، وَبَكَتْهُ الْبَوَاكِي، فَقِيلَ لِعُمَرَ: أَلَا تَسْمَعُ؟! أَلَا تَنْهَاهُنَّ؟ فَقَالَ: وَمَا عَلَى قُرَيْشٍ أَنْ يَبْكِينَ أَبَا سُلَيْمَانَ مَا لَمْ يَكُنْ نَقْعٌ أَوْ لَقْلَقَةٌ -النَّقْعُ: الشَّقُّ. وَاللَّقْلَقَةُ: الصَّوْتُ]- فَلَمَّا أُخْرِجَ بِجِنَازَتِهِ رَأَى عُمَرُ امْرَأَةً مُحْتَزِمَةً تَبْكِيهِ وَتَقُولُ: أَنْتَ خَيْرٌ مِنْ أَلْفِ أَلْفٍ مِنَ النَّا     سِ إِذَا مَا كَبَتْ وُجُوهُ الرِّجَالِ أَشُجَاعٌ فَأَنْتَ أَشْجَعُ مِنْ لَيْـ     ـثِ عَرِينٍ جَهْمٍ أَبِي أَشْبَالِ أَجَوَّادٌ فَأَنْتَ أَجْوَدُ مِنْ سَيْـ     ـلِ دِيَاسٍ يَسِيلُ بَيْنَ الْجِبَالِ فَقَالَ عُمَرُ: مَنْ هَذِهِ؟ فَقِيلَ: أُمُّهُ. فَقَالَ: أُمُّهُ وَالْإِلَهِ -ثَلَاثًا- هَلْ قَامَتِ النِّسَاءُ عَنْ مِثْلِ خَالِدٍ. وَكَانَ عُمَرُ يَتَمَثَّلُ فِي طَيِّهِ تِلْكَ الثَّلَاثَ فِي لَيْلَةٍ وَبَعْدَ مَا قَدِمَ: تُبَكِّي مَا وَصَلْتَ بِهِ النَّدَامَى     وَلَا تَبْكِي فَوَارِسَ كَالْجِبَالِ أُولَئِكَ إِنْ بَكَيْتَ أَشَدُّ فَقْدًا     مِنَ الْأَذْهَابِ وَالْعَكَرِ الْجَلَالِ تَمَنَّى بَعْدَهُمْ قَوْمٌ مَدَاهُمْ     فَلَمْ يَدْنُوا لِأَسْبَابِ الْكَمَالِ وَهَذَا الْحَدِيثُ يَدُلُّ عَلَى أَنَّهُ مَاتَ بِالْمَدِينَةِ. وَقَالَ الْوَاقِدِيُّ: مَاتَ بِحِمْصَ، وَدُفِنَ فِي قَرْيَةٍ عَلَى مِيلٍ مِنْ حِمْصَ. قَالُوا: وَوَصَّى إِلَى عُمَرَ، فَقُدِمَ عَلَيْهِ بِالْوَصِيَّةِ فَقَبَّلَهَا. عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ] أَبِي الزِّنَادِ: أَنَّ خَالِدَ بْنَ الْوَلِيدِ لَمَّا حَضَرَتْهُ الْوَفَاةُ بَكَى  وَقَالَ: لَقَدْ لَقِيتُ كَذَا وَكَذَا زَحْفًا، وَمَا فِي جَسَدِي شِبْرٌ إِلَّا وَفِيهِ ضَرْبَةٌ بِسَيْفٍ، أَوْ رَمْيَةٌ بِسَهْمٍ، أَوْ طَعْنَةٌ بِرُمْحٍ، وَهَا أَنَا أَمُوتُ عَلَى فِرَاشِي حَتْفَ أَنْفِي، كَمَا يَمُوتُ الْعِيرُ، فَلَا نَامَتْ عَيْنُ الْجُبُنَاءِ. عُوَيْمُ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ بْنِ زَيْدِ بْنِ حَارِثَةَ بْنِ الْجَدِّ بْنِ عَجْلَانَ شَهِدَ أُحُدًا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَلَمَّا قَدِمَ مِنْ تَبُوكَ رَمَى امْرَأَتَهُ بِشَرِيكِ بْنِ سَحْمَاءَ، فَلَاعَنَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بَيْنَهُمَا فِي مَسْجِدِهِ بَعْدَ الْعَصْرِ،  قَائِمَيْنِ عِنْدَ الْمِنْبَرِ، وَذَلِكَ مِنْ شَعْبَانَ سَنَةَ تِسْعٍ، فَلَمَّا وَلَدَتْ جَاءَتْ بِهِ أَشْبَهَ النَّاسِ بِشَرِيكِ بْنِ سَحْمَاءَ، وَكَانَ قَوْمُ عُوَيْمٍ قَدْ لَامُوهُ فِيمَا قَالَ، فَلَمَّا رَأَوْهُ يُشْبِهُ شَرِيكًا عَذَرُوهُ فِيمَا قَالَ. وَعَاشَ الْمَوْلُودُ سَنَتَيْنِ ثُمَّ مَاتَ، وَعَاشَتْ أُمُّهُ بَعْدَهُ يَسِيرًا، وَكَانَ شَرِيكٌ عِنْدَ النَّاسِ بِحَالِ سُوءٍ بَعْدُ، وَقَدْ شَهِدَ شَرِيكٌ أُحُدًا أَيْضًا. أَبَانُ بْنُ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْعَاصِ بْنِ أُمَيَّةَ  الْأُمَوِيُّ أَبُو الْوَلِيدِ الْمَكِّيُّ، صَحَابِيٌّ جَلِيلٌ، وَهُوَ الَّذِي أَجَارَ عُثْمَانَ بْنَ عَفَّانَ يَوْمَ الْحُدَيْبِيَةِ حَتَّى دَخَلَ مَكَّةَ لِأَدَاءِ رِسَالَةِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، أَسْلَمَ بَعْدَ مَرْجِعِ أَخَوَيْهِ مَنِ الْحَبَشَةِ ; خَالِدٌ وَعَمْرٌو، فَدَعَوَاهُ إِلَى الْإِسْلَامِ فَأَجَابَهُمَا، وَسَارُوا فَوَجَدُوا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَدْ فَتَحَ خَيْبَرَ، وَقَدِ اسْتَعْمَلَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ سَنَةَ تِسْعٍ عَلَى الْبَحْرِينِ وَقُتِلَ بِأَجْنَادِينَ. أنسة مولى رسول الله أَنَسَةُ مَوْلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ  : الْمَشْهُورُ أَنَّهُ قُتِلَ بِبَدْرٍ فِيمَا ذَكَرَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ وَغَيْرُهُ. وَزَعَمَ الْوَاقِدِيُّ فِيمَا نَقَلَهُ عَنْ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ أَنَّهُ شَهِدَ أُحُدًا، وَأَنَّهُ بَقِيَ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ زَمَانًا قَالَ: وَحَدَّثَنِي ابْنُ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يُوسُفَ، أَنَّ أَنَسَةَ مَاتَ فِي خِلَافَةِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقِ، وَكَانَ يُكَنَّى أَبَا مَسْرُوحٍ. وَقَالَ الزُّهْرِيُّ: كَانَ يَأْذَنُ لِلنَّاسِ عَلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ. تميم بن الحارث بن قيس تَمِيمُ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ بْنِ قَيْسٍ السَّهْمِيُّ  وَأَخُوهُ سَعِيدٌ ; صَحَابِيَّانِ جَلِيلَانِ هَاجَرَا إِلَى الْحَبَشَةِ، وَقُتِلَا بِأَجْنَادِينَ الْحَارِثُ بْنُ أَوْسِ بْنِ عَتِيكٍ، مِنْ مُهَاجِرَةِ الْحَبَشَةِ، قُتِلَ بِأَجْنَادِينَ. خَالِدُ بْنُ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْعَاصِ الْأُمَوِيُّ  ، مِنَ السَّابِقِينَ الْأَوَّلِينَ، مِمَّنْ هَاجَرَ إِلَى الْحَبَشَةِ، وَأَقَامَ بِهَا بِضْعَ عَشْرَةَ سَنَةً، وَيُقَالُ: إِنَّهُ كَانَ عَلَى صَنْعَاءَ مِنْ جِهَةِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَأَمَّرَهُ الصِّدِّيقُ عَلَى بَعْضِ الْفُتُوحَاتِ كَمَا تَقَدَّمَ، قُتِلَ يَوْمَ مَرْجِ الصُّفَّرِ فِي قَوْلٍ، وَقِيلَ: بَلْ هَرَبَ فَلَمْ يُمَكِّنْهُ الصِّدِّيقُ مِنْ دُخُولِ الْمَدِينَةِ تَعْزِيرًا لَهُ، فَأَقَامَ شَهْرًا فِي بَعْضِ ظَوَاهِرِهَا حَتَّى أَذِنَ لَهُ. وَيُقَالُ: إِنَّ الَّذِي قَتَلَهُ أَسْلَمَ، وَقَالَ: رَأَيْتُ لَهُ حِينَ قَتَلْتُهُ نُورًا سَاطِعًا إِلَى السَّمَاءِ، ؓ. ضِرَارُ بْنُ الْأَزْوَرِ الْأَسَدِيُّ  ، كَانَ مِنَ الْفُرْسَانِ الْمَشْهُورِينَ، وَالْأَبْطَالِ الْمَذْكُورِينَ، لَهُ مَوَاقِفٌ مَشْهُودَةٌ، وَأَحْوَالٌ مَحْمُودَةٌ. ذَكَرَ عُرْوَةُ وَمُوسَى بْنُ عُقْبَةَ أَنَّهُ قُتِلَ بِأَجْنَادِينَ. لَهُ حَدِيثٌ فِي اسْتِحْبَابِ إِبْقَاءِ شَيْءٍ مِنَ اللَّبَنِ فِي الضَّرْعِ عِنْدَ الْحَلْبِ. طُلَيْبُ بْنُ عُمَيْرِ بْنِ وَهْبِ بْنِ كَثِيرِ  بْنِ عَبْدِ بْنِ قُصَيٍّ الْقُرَشِيِّ الْعَبْدِيِّ، أُمُّهُ أَرْوَى بِنْتُ عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ عَمَّةُ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، أَسْلَمَ قَدِيمًا وَهَاجَرَ إِلَى الْحَبَشَةِ الْهِجْرَةَ الثَّانِيَةَ، وَشَهِدَ بَدْرًا. قَالَهُ ابْنُ إِسْحَاقَ وَالْوَاقِدِيُّ وَالزَّبِيرُ بْنُ بَكَّارٍ. وَيُقَالُ: إِنَّهُ أَوَّلُ مَنْ ضَرَبَ مُشْرِكًا  . وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ أَبَا جَهْلٍ سَبَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ فَضَرَبَهُ طُلَيْبٌ بَلَحْيِ جَمَلٍ فَشَجَّهُ. اسْتُشْهِدَ طُلَيْبٌ بِأَجْنَادِينَ وَقَدْ شَاخَ، ؓ. عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ بْنِ هَاشِمٍ الْقُرَشِيُّ الْهَاشِمِيُّ  ، ابْنُ عَمِّ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، كَانَ مِنَ الْأَبْطَالِ الْمَذْكُورِينَ وَالشُّجْعَانِ الْمَشْهُورِينَ، قُتِلَ يَوْمَ أَجْنَادِينَ بَعْدَمَا قَتَلَ عَشَرَةً مِنَ الرُّومِ مُبَارَزَةً، كُلُّهُمْ بِطَارِقَةٌ أَبْطَالٌ. وَلَهُ مِنَ الْعُمُرِ يَوْمَئِذٍ بِضْعٌ وَثَلَاثُونَ سَنَةً. عبد الله بن عمرو الدوسي عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عَمْرٍو الدَّوْسِيُّ، قُتِلَ بِأَجْنَادِينَ. وَلَيْسَ هَذَا الرَّجُلُ مَعْرُوفًا. عُثْمَانُ بْنُ طَلْحَةَ الْعَبْدَرِيُّ الْحَجَبِيُّ، قِيلَ: إِنَّهُ قُتِلَ بِأَجْنَادِينَ. وَالصَّحِيحُ أَنَّهُ تَأَخَّرَ إِلَى مَا بَعْدَ الْأَرْبَعِينَ. عتاب بن أسيد بن أبي العيص عَتَّابُ بْنُ أَسِيدِ بْنِ أَبِي الْعِيصِ بْنِ أُمَيَّةَ الْأُمَوِيُّ  . أَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، أَمِيرُ مَكَّةَ نِيَابَةً عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، اسْتَعْمَلَهُ عَلَيْهَا عَامَ الْفَتْحِ وَلَهُ مِنَ الْعُمُرِ عِشْرُونَ سَنَةً، فَحَجَّ بِالنَّاسِ عَامَئِذٍ، وَاسْتَنَابَهُ عَلَيْهَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ بَعْدَهُ عَلَيْهِ الصَّلَاةُ وَالسَّلَامُ، وَكَانَتْ وَفَاتُهُ بِمَكَّةَ، قِيلَ: يَوْمَ تُوُفِّيَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ. ؓ. لَهُ حَدِيثٌ وَاحِدٌ. رَوَاهُ أَهْلُ السُّنَنِ الْأَرْبَعَةِ. عِكْرِمَةُ بْنُ أَبِي جَهْلٍ عَمْرِو بْنِ هِشَامِ  بْنِ الْمُغِيرَةِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ بْنِ مَخْزُومٍ، أَبُو عُثْمَانَ الْقُرَشِيُّ الْمَخْزُومِيُّ، كَانَ مِنْ سَادَاتِ الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ كَأَبِيهِ، ثُمَّ أَسْلَمَ عَامَ الْفَتْحِ بَعْدَمَا فَرَّ، ثُمَّ رَجَعَ إِلَى الْحَقِّ، وَاسْتَعْمَلَهُ الصِّدِّيقُ عَلَى عُمَانَ حِينَ ارْتَدُّوا، فَظَفِرَ بِهِمْ، كَمَا تَقَدَّمَ، ثُمَّ قَدِمَ الشَّامَ وَكَانَ أَمِيرًا عَلَى بَعْضِ الْكَرَادِيسِ، وَيُقَالُ: إِنَّهُ لَا يُعْرَفُ لَهُ ذَنْبٌ بَعْدَمَا أَسْلَمَ. وَكَانَ يُقَبِّلُ الْمُصْحَفَ وَيَبْكِي وَيَقُولُ: كَلَامُ رَبِّي كَلَامُ رَبِّي. احْتَجَّ بِهَذَا الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ عَلَى جَوَازِ تَقْبِيلِ الْمُصْحَفِ  وَمَشْرُوعِيَّتِهِ. وَقَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: كَانَ عِكْرِمَةُ مَحْمُودَ الْبَلَاءِ فِي الْإِسْلَامِ. قَالَ عُرْوَةُ: قُتِلَ بِأَجْنَادِينَ. وَقَالَ غَيْرُهُ: بِالْيَرْمُوكِ بَعْدَمَا وُجِدَ بِهِ بِضْعٌ وَسَبْعُونَ مَا بَيْنَ ضَرْبَةٍ وَطَعْنَةٍ. ؓ. نُعَيْمُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ النَّحَّامُ  ، أَحَدُ بَنِي عَدِيٍّ، أَسْلَمَ قَدِيمًا قَبْلَ عُمَرَ، وَلَمْ يَتَهَيَّأْ لَهُ هِجْرَةٌ إِلَى مَا بَعْدِ الْحُدَيْبِيَةِ ; وَذَلِكَ لِأَنَّهُ كَانَ فِيهِ بِرٌّ بِأَقَارِبِهِ، فَقَالَتْ لَهُ قُرَيْشٌ: أَقِمْ عِنْدَنَا عَلَى أَيِّ دِينٍ شِئْتَ، فَوَاللَّهِ لَا يَتَعَرَّضُكَ أَحَدٌ إِلَّا ذَهَبَتْ أَنْفُسُنَا دُونَكَ. اسْتُشْهِدَ يَوْمَ أَجْنَادِينَ، وَقِيلَ: يَوْمَ الْيَرْمُوكِ. ؓ. هَبَّارُ بْنُ الْأَسْوَدِ بْنِ أَسَدٍ. أَبُو الْأَسْوَدِ الْقُرَشِيُّ الْأَسَدِيُّ  ، هَذَا الرَّجُلُ كَانَ قَدْ طَعَنَ رَاحِلَةَ زَيْنَبَ بِنْتِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ يَوْمَ خَرَجَتْ مِنْ مَكَّةَ حَتَّى أَسْقَطَتْ، ثُمَّ أَسْلَمَ بَعْدُ فَحَسُنَ إِسْلَامُهُ، وَقُتِلَ بِأَجْنَادِينَ، ؓ. هَبَّارُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْأَسَدِ الْمَخْزُومِيُّ  . ابْنُ أَخِي أَبِي سَلَمَةَ. أَسْلَمَ قَدِيمًا وَهَاجَرَ إِلَى الْحَبَشَةِ، وَاسْتُشْهِدَ يَوْمَ أَجْنَادِينَ عَلَى الصَّحِيحِ، وَقِيلَ: قُتِلَ يَوْمَ مُؤْتَةَ. وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ. هِشَامُ بْنُ الْعَاصِ بْنِ وَائِلٍ السَّهْمِيُّ  ، أَخُو عَمْرِو بْنِ الْعَاصِ، رَوَى التِّرْمِذِيُّ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: ابْنَا الْعَاصِ مُؤْمِنَانِ. وَقَدْ أَسْلَمَ هِشَامٌ قَبْلَ عَمْرٍو.، وَهَاجَرَ إِلَى الْحَبَشَةِ، فَلَمَّا رَجَعَ مِنْهَا احْتَبَسَ بِمَكَّةَ، ثُمَّ هَاجَرَ بَعْدَ الْخَنْدَقِ، وَقَدْ أَرْسَلَهُ الصِّدِّيقُ إِلَى مَلِكِ الرُّومِ، وَكَانَ مِنَ الْفُرْسَانِ. وَقُتِلَ بِأَجْنَادِينَ، وَقِيلَ: بِالْيَرْمُوكِ. وَالْأَوَّلُ أَصَحُّ. وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ. عُتْبَةُ بْنُ غَزْوَانَ بْنِ جَابِرِ بْنِ وُهَيْبٍ الْمَازِنِيُّ  ، حَلِيفُ بَنِي عَبْدِ شَمْسٍ، صَحَابِيٌّ بَدْرِيٌّ، وَأَسْلَمَ قَدِيمًا بَعْدَ سَنَةٍ، وَهَاجَرَ إِلَى أَرْضِ الْحَبَشَةِ، وَهُوَ أَوَّلُ مَنِ اخْتَطَّ الْبَصْرَةَ عَنْ أَمْرِ عُمَرَ، وَإِمْرَتُهُ لَهُ عَلَى ذَلِكَ كَمَا تَقَدَّمَ، وَلَهُ فَضَائِلُ وَمَآثِرُ، وَتُوُفِّيَ سَنَةَ أَرْبَعَ عَشْرَةَ، وَقِيلَ: سَنَةَ خَمْسَ عَشْرَةَ. وَقِيلَ: سَنَةَ سَبْعَ عَشْرَةَ. وَقِيلَ: سَنَةَ عِشْرِينَ. فَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ. وَقَدْ جَاوَزَ الْخَمْسِينَ. وَقِيلَ: بَلَغَ سِتِّينَ سَنَةً، ؓ. عَمْرُو بْنُ أُمِّ مَكْتُومٍ الْأَعْمَى  ، وَيُقَالُ: اسْمُهُ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ. صَحَابِيٌّ مُهَاجِرٌ، هَاجَرَ بَعْدَ مُصْعَبِ بْنِ عُمَيْرٍ قَبْلَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، فَكَانَ يُقْرِئُ النَّاسَ الْقُرْآنَ، وَقَدِ اسْتَخْلَفَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَلَى الْمَدِينَةِ غَيْرَ مَرَّةٍ، فَيُقَالُ: ثَلَاثَ عَشْرَةَ مَرَّةً. وَشَهِدَ الْقَادِسِيَّةَ مَعَ سَعْدٍ زَمَنَ عُمَرَ، فَيُقَالُ: إِنَّهُ قُتِلَ بِهَا شَهِيدًا. وَيُقَالُ: إِنَّهُ رَجَعَ إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ وَتُوفِي بِهَا. فَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ. الْمُثَنَّى بْنُ حَارِثَةَ بْنِ سَلَمَةَ بْنِ ضَمْضَمِ  بْنِ سَعْدِ بْنِ مُرَّةَ بْنِ ذُهْلِ بْنِ شَيْبَانَ الشَّيْبَانِيُّ، نَائِبُ خَالِدٍ عَلَى الْعِرَاقِ، وَهُوَ الَّذِي صَارَتْ إِلَيْهِ الْإِمْرَةُ بَعْدَ أَبِي عُبَيْدٍ يَوْمَ الْجِسْرِ، فَدَارَى بِالْمُسْلِمِينَ حَتَّى خَلَّصَهُمْ مِنَ الْفُرْسِ يَوْمَئِذٍ، وَكَانَ أَحَدَ الْفُرْسَانِ الْأَبْطَالِ، وَهُوَ الَّذِي رَكِبَ إِلَى الصِّدِّيقِ فَحَرَّضَهُ عَلَى غَزْوِ الْعِرَاقِ، وَلَمَّا تُوُفِّيَ تَزَوَّجَ سَعْدُ بْنُ أَبِي وَقَّاصٍ بِامْرَأَتِهِ سَلْمَى بِنْتِ حَفْصٍ، ؓ وَأَرْضَاهُمَا وَقَدْ ذَكَرَهُ ابْنُ الْأَثِيرِ فِي كِتَابِهِ " الْغَابَةِ فِي أَسْمَاءِ الصَّحَابَةِ ". أَبُو زَيْدٍ الْأَنْصَارِيُّ النَّجَّارِيُّ  ، أَحَدُ الْقُرَّاءِ الْأَرْبَعَةِ الَّذِينَ حَفِظُوا الْقُرْآنَ  مَنِ الْأَنْصَارِ فِي عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، كَمَا ثَبَتَ ذَلِكَ فِي حَدِيثِ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، وَهُمْ: مُعَاذُ بْنُ جَبَلٍ، وَأُبَيُّ بْنُ كَعْبٍ، وَزَيْدُ بْنُ ثَابِتٍ، وَأَبُو زَيْدٍ. قَالَ أَنَسٌ: أَحَدُ عُمُومَتِي. قَالَ الْكَلْبِيُّ: وَاسْمُ أَبِي زَيْدٍ هَذَا قَيْسُ بْنُ السَّكَنِ بْنِ قَيْسِ بْنِ زَعُورَاءَ بْنِ حَرَامِ بْنِ جُنْدُبِ بْنِ غَنْمِ بْنِ عَدِيِّ بْنِ النَّجَّارِ، شَهِدَ بَدْرًا. قَالَ مُوسَى بْنُ عُقْبَةَ: وَاسْتُشْهِدَ يَوْمَ جِسْرِ أَبِي عُبَيْدٍ. وَهِيَ عِنْدَهُ فِي سَنَةِ أَرْبَعَ عَشْرَةَ. وَقَالَ بَعْضُ النَّاسِ: أَبُو زَيْدٍ الَّذِي جَمَعَ الْقُرْآنَ سَعْدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ. وَرَدُّوا هَذَا بِرِوَايَةِ قَتَادَةَ عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ قَالَ: افْتَخَرَتِ الْأَوْسُ وَالْخَزْرَجُ. فَقَالَتِ الْأَوْسُ: مِنَّا غَسِيلُ الْمَلَائِكَةِ  حَنْظَلَةُ بْنُ أَبِي عَامِرٍ، وَمِنَّا الَّذِي حَمَتْهُ الدَّبْرُ  عَاصِمُ بْنُ ثَابِتِ بْنِ أَبِي الْأَقْلَحِ، وَمِنَّا الَّذِي اهْتَزَّ لَهُ عَرْشُ الرَّحْمَنِ  سَعْدُ بْنُ مُعَاذٍ، وَمِنَّا الَّذِي جُعِلَتْ شَهَادَتُهُ شَهَادَةَ رَجُلَيْنِ  خُزَيْمَةُ بْنُ ثَابِتٍ. فَقَالَتِ الْخَزْرَجُ: مِنَّا أَرْبَعَةٌ جَمَعُوا الْقُرْآنَ عَلَى عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ ; أُبَيٌّ، وَزَيْدُ بْنُ ثَابِتٍ، وَمُعَاذٌ، وَأَبُو زَيْدٍ. ؓ أَجْمَعِينَ. أَبُو عُبَيْدِ بْنُ مَسْعُودِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو الثَّقَفِيُّ  ، وَالِدُ الْمُخْتَارِ بْنِ أَبِي عُبَيْدٍ أَمِيرِ الْعِرَاقِ، وَوَالِدُ صَفِيَّةَ امْرَأَةِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، أَسْلَمَ أَبُو عُبَيْدٍ فِي حَيَاةِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، وَذَكَرَهُ الشَّيْخُ أَبُو عُمَرَ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْبَرِّ فِي الصَّحَابَةِ. قَالَ شَيْخُنَا الْحَافِظُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الذَّهَبِيُّ: وَلَا يَبْعُدُ أَنْ يَكُونَ لَهُ رِوَايَةٌ. وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ. هِنْدُ بِنْتُ عُتْبَةَ بْنِ رَبِيعَةَ  بْنِ عَبْدِ شَمْسِ بْنِ أُمَيَّةَ الْأُمَوِيَّةُ، وَالِدَةُ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنِ أَبِي سُفْيَانَ، وَكَانَتْ مِنْ سَيِّدَاتِ نِسَاءِ قُرَيْشٍ، ذَاتَ رَأْيٍ وَدَهَاءٍ وَرِيَاسَةٍ فِي قَوْمِهَا، وَقَدْ شَهِدَتْ يَوْمَ أُحُدٍ مَعَ زَوْجِهَا، وَكَانَ لَهَا تَحْرِيضٌ عَلَى قَتْلِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ يَوْمَئِذٍ، وَلَمَّا قُتِلَ حَمْزَةُ مَثَّلَتْ بِهِ، وَأَخَذَتْ مِنْ كَبِدِهِ فَلَاكَتْهَا، فَلَمْ تَسْتَطِعْ إِسَاغَتَهَا ; لِأَنَّهُ كَانَ قَدْ قَتَلَ أَبَاهَا وَأَخَاهَا يَوْمَ بَدْرٍ، ثُمَّ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ كُلِّهِ أَسَلَمَتْ - وَحَسُنَ إِسْلَامُهَا - عَامَ الْفَتْحِ بَعْدَ زَوْجِهَا بِلَيْلَةٍ، وَلَمَّا أَرَادَتِ الذَّهَابَ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ لِتُبَايِعَهُ اسْتَأْذَنَتْ أَبَا سُفْيَانَ، فَقَالَ لَهَا: قَدْ كُنْتِ بِالْأَمْسِ مُكَذِّبَةً بِهَذَا الْأَمْرِ. فَقَالَتْ: وَاللَّهِ مَا رَأَيْتُ اللَّهَ عُبِدَ حَقَّ عِبَادَتِهِ بِهَذَا الْمَسْجِدِ قَبْلَ هَذِهِ اللَّيْلَةِ، وَاللَّهِ لَقَدْ بَاتُوا لَيْلَهُمْ كُلُّهُمْ يُصَلُّونَ فِيهِ. فَقَالَ لَهَا: إِنَّكِ قَدْ فَعَلْتِ مَا فَعَلْتِ فَلَا تَذْهَبِي وَحْدَكِ. فَذَهَبَتْ إِلَى عُثْمَانَ بْنِ عَفَّانَ - وَيُقَالُ: إِلَى أَخِيهَا أَبِي حُذَيْفَةَ بْنِ عُتْبَةَ - فَذَهَبَ مَعَهَا، فَدَخَلَتْ وَهِيَ مُتَنَقِّبَةً، فَلَمَّا بَايَعَهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مَعَ غَيْرِهَا مِنَ النِّسَاءِ قَالَ: " عَلَى أَنْ لَا تُشْرِكْنَ بِاللَّهِ شَيْئًا وَلَا تَسْرِقْنَ وَلَا تَزْنِينَ " فَقَالَتْ: أَوَتَزْنِي الْحُرَّةُ ؟ وَلَا يَقْتُلْنَ أَوْلَادَهُنَّ قَالَتْ: قَدْ رَبَّيْنَاهُمْ صِغَارًا فَقَتَلْتَهُمْ كِبَارًا. فَتَبَسَّمَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: وَلَا يَأْتِينَ بِبُهْتَانٍ يَفْتَرِينَهُ بَيْنَ أَيْدِيهِنَّ وَأَرْجُلِهِنَّ وَلَا يَعْصِينَكَ فَبَادَرَتْ وَقَالَتْ: فِي مَعْرُوفٍ. فَقَالَ: فِي مَعْرُوفٍ. وَهَذَا مِنْ فَصَاحَتِهَا وَحَزْمِهَا، وَقَدْ قَالَتْ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ: وَاللَّهِ يَا مُحَمَّدُ مَا كَانَ عَلَى ظَهْرِ الْأَرْضِ أَهْلُ خِبَاءٍ أَحَبَّ إِلَيَّ مِنْ أَنْ يَذِلُّوا مِنْ أَهْلِ خِبَاءِكَ، فَقَدْ وَاللَّهِ أَصْبَحَ الْيَوْمَ وَمَا عَلَى ظَهْرِ الْأَرْضِ مِنْ أَهْلِ خِبَاءٍ أَحَبَّ إِلَيَّ مِنْ أَنْ يَعِزُّوا مِنْ أَهْلِ خِبَاءِكَ. فَقَالَ: وَكَذَلِكَ وَالَّذِي نَفْسِي بِيَدِهِ. وَشَكَتْ مِنْ شُحِّ أَبِي سُفْيَانَ، فَأَمَرَهَا أَنْ تَأْخُذَ مَا يَكْفِيهَا وَيَكْفِي بَنِيهَا  بِالْمَعْرُوفِ. وَقِصَّتُهَا مَعَ الْفَاكِهِ بْنِ الْمُغِيرَةِ مَشْهُورَةٌ، وَقَدْ شَهِدَتِ الْيَرْمُوكَ مَعَ زَوْجِهَا، وَمَاتَتْ يَوْمَ مَاتَ أَبُو قُحَافَةَ فِي سَنَةِ أَرْبَعَ عَشْرَةَ. أُبَيُّ بْنُ كَعْبٍ  ، سَيِّدُ الْقُرَّاءِ، وَهُوَ أُبَيُّ بْنُ كَعْبِ بْنِ قَيْسِ بْنِ عُبَيْدِ بْنِ زَيْدِ بْنِ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ مَالِكِ بْنِ النَّجَّارِ، أَبُو الْمُنْذِرِ وَأَبُو الطُّفَيْلِ، الْأَنْصَارِيُّ النَّجَّارِيُّ، سَيِّدُ الْقُرَّاءِ، شَهِدَ الْعَقَبَةَ وَبَدْرًا وَمَا بَعْدَهُمَا، وَكَانَ سَيِّدًا جَلِيلَ الْقَدْرِ. وَهُوَ أَحَدُ الْقُرَّاءِ الْأَرْبَعَةِ الْخَزْرَجِيِّينَ الَّذِينَ جَمَعُوا الْقُرْآنَ فِي حَيَاةِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ، ﷺ،، وَقَدْ قَالَ لِعُمَرَ يَوْمًا: إِنِّي تَلَقَّيْتُ الْقُرْآنَ مِمَّنْ تَلَقَّاهُ مِنْ جِبْرِيلَ وَهُوَ رَطْبٌ. وَفِي " الْمُسْنَدِ "، وَ " النَّسَائِيِّ "، وَ " ابْنِ مَاجَهْ "، مِنْ طَرِيقِ أَبِي قِلَابَةَ، عَنْ أَنَسٍ مَرْفُوعًا: أَقْرَأُ أُمَّتِي أُبَيُّ بْنُ كَعْبٍ. وَفِي الصَّحِيحِ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، ﷺ، قَالَ لَهُ: " إِنَّ اللَّهَ أَمَرَنِي أَنْ أَقْرَأَ عَلَيْكَ الْقُرْآنَ ". قَالَ: وَسَمَّانِي لَكَ ؟ قَالَ: " نَعَمْ " فَذَرَفَتْ عَيْنَاهُ. وَقَدْ تَكَلَّمْنَا عَلَى ذَلِكَ فِي التَّفْسِيرِ عِنْدَ سُورَةِ لَمْ يَكُنِ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا مِنْ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ وَالْمُشْرِكِينَ مُنْفَكِّينَ حَتَّى تَأْتِيَهُمُ الْبَيِّنَةُ [ الْبَيِّنَةِ: 1 ]. قَالَ الْهَيْثَمُ بْنُ عَدِيٍّ تُوُفِّيَ أُبَيٌّ سَنَةَ تِسْعَ عَشْرَةَ. وَقَالَ يَحْيَى بْنُ مَعِينٍ سَنَةَ تِسْعَ عَشْرَةَ أَوْ عِشْرِينَ. وَقَالَ الْوَاقِدِيُّ، عَنْ غَيْرِ وَاحِدٍ: تُوُفِّيَ سَنَةَ ثِنْتَيْنِ وَعِشْرِينَ. وَبِهِ قَالَ أَبُو عُبَيْدٍ، وَابْنُ نُمَيْرٍ، وَجَمَاعَةٌ. وَقَالَ الْفَلَّاسُ، وَخَلِيفَةُ: تُوُفِّيَ فِي خِلَافَةِ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ عَفَّانَ، ؓ. خَبَّابٌ مَوْلَى عُتْبَةَ بْنِ غَزْوَانَ  ، مِنَ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ، شَهِدَ بَدْرًا وَمَا بَعْدَهَا، وَهُوَ صَحَابِيٌّ مِنَ السَّابِقِينَ، وَصَلَّى عَلَيْهِ عُمَرُ. صَفِيَّةُ بِنْتُ عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ،  عَمَّةُ الرَّسُولِ، ﷺ، وَهِيَ أُمُّ الزُّبَيْرِ بْنِ الْعَوَّامِ، وَهِيَ شَقِيقَةُ حَمْزَةَ وَالْمُقَوَّمِ وَحَجْلَ، أُمُّهُمْ هَالَةُ بِنْتُ وُهَيْبِ بْنِ عَبْدِ مَنَافِ بْنِ زُهْرَةَ. لَا خِلَافَ فِي إِسْلَامِهَا، وَقَدْ حَضَرَتْ يَوْمَ أُحُدٍ وَوَجَدَتْ عَلَى أَخِيهَا حَمْزَةَ وَجْدًا كَثِيرًا، وَقَتَلَتْ يَوْمَ الْخَنْدَقِ رَجُلًا مِنَ الْيَهُودِ جَاءَ فَجَعَلَ يُطِيفُ بِالْحِصْنِ الَّتِي هِيَ فِيهِ، وَهُوَ فَارِعٌ؛ حِصْنِ حَسَّانَ، فَقَالَتْ لِحَسَّانَ: انْزِلْ فَاقْتُلْهُ. فَأَبَى، فَنَزَلَتْ إِلَيْهِ فَقَتَلَتْهُ، ثُمَّ قَالَتْ: انْزِلْ فَاسْلُبْهُ فَلَوْلَا أَنَّهُ رَجُلٌ لَاسْتَلَبْتُهُ. فَقَالَ: لَا حَاجَةَ لِي فِيهِ. وَكَانَتْ أَوَّلَ امْرَأَةٍ قَتَلَتْ رَجُلًا مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ  . وَقَدِ اخْتُلِفَ فِي إِسْلَامِ مَنْ عَدَاهَا مِنْ عَمَّاتِ النَّبِيِّ، ﷺ. فَقِيلَ: أَسْلَمَتْ أَرَوَى وَعَاتِكَةُ. قَالَ ابْنُ الْأَثِيرِ وَشَيْخُنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الذَّهَبِيُّ الْحَافِظُ: وَالصَّحِيحُ أَنَّهُ لَمْ يُسْلِمْ مِنْهُنَّ غَيْرُهَا. وَقَدْ تَزَوَّجَتْ أَوَّلًا بِالْحَارِثِ بْنِ حَرْبِ بْنِ أُمَيَّةَ، ثُمَّ خَلَفَ عَلَيْهَا الْعَوَّامَ بْنَ خُوَيْلِدٍ، فَوَلَدَتْ لَهُ الزُّبَيْرَ وَعَبْدَ الْكَعْبَةِ. وَقِيلَ: تَزَوَّجَهَا الْعَوَّامُ بِكْرًا. وَالصَّحِيحُ الْأَوَّلُ. تُوُفِّيَتْ بِالْمَدِينَةِ سَنَةَ عِشْرِينَ، عَنْ ثَلَاثٍ وَسَبْعِينَ سَنَةً. وَدُفِنَتْ بِالْبَقِيعِ، ؓ.

Translation

✧ Those Who Died During the Caliphate of ʿUmar b. al-Khaṭṭāb, ؓ Al-Aqraʿ b. Ḥābis b. ʿIqāl b. Muḥammad b. Sufyān b. Mujāshiʿ b. Dārim b. Mālik b. Ḥanẓalah b. Mālik b. Zayd Manāh b. Tamīm al-Tamīmī al-Mujāshiʿī. Ibn Durayd said: His name was Firās b. Ḥābis, and he was nicknamed al-Aqraʿ because of a bald patch on his head. He was one of the chieftains. He came to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ with the delegation of Banū Tamīm, and he was the one who called from behind the apartments: "O Muḥammad, my praise is an ornament and my blame is a disgrace." He is the one who said — when he saw the Messenger of Allah ﷺ kissing al-Ḥasan — "Do you kiss him?! By Allah, I have ten children and have never kissed a single one of them." So he said: "He who does not show mercy will not be shown mercy." In another narration: "I cannot help it if Allah has removed mercy from your heart." He was among those whose hearts the Messenger of Allah ﷺ sought to win, so he gave him one hundred camels on the day of Ḥunayn, and likewise to ʿUyaynah b. Ḥiṣn al-Fazārī, and he gave ʿAbbās b. Mirdās fifty camels, so he said: Will you place my spoil and the spoil of al-ʿUbayd between ʿUyaynah and al-Aqraʿ? For neither Ḥiṣn nor Ḥābis surpassed Mirdās in any assembly. And I am not inferior to either of them, and he who is lowered today will not be raised. So the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said to him: "You are the one who said: Will you place my spoil and the spoil of al-ʿUbayd between al-Aqraʿ and ʿUyaynah? Narrated by al-Bukhārī. Al-Suhaylī said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ mentioned al-Aqraʿ before ʿUyaynah only because al-Aqraʿ was better than ʿUyaynah, and for this reason he did not apostatize after the Prophet ﷺ as ʿUyaynah did, for he gave allegiance to Ṭulayḥah and believed him, then returned. The point is that al-Aqraʿ was an obeyed leader, and he witnessed Khālid's battles in the land of Iraq, and he was at the head of his vanguard on the day of al-Anbār. Our shaykh mentioned him among those who died during the caliphate of ʿUmar b. al-Khaṭṭāb. But what Ibn al-Athīr mentioned in "al-Ghābah" is that ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿĀmir appointed him over an army and sent him to al-Jūzjān, where he and all his men were killed, and that was during the caliphate of ʿUthmān. Ḥubāb b. al-Mundhir b. al-Jamūḥ Ḥubāb b. al-Mundhir b. al-Jamūḥ b. Zayd b. Ḥarām b. Kaʿb b. Ghanm b. Kaʿb b. Salamah. Abū ʿUmar, and it is said Abū ʿAmr, al-Anṣārī al-Khazrajī al-Sulamī. He was called "Dhū al-Raʾy" (the man of sound judgment), because on the day of Badr he suggested that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ encamp at the nearest water to the enemy, and that he fill in the wells behind them, and he was correct in this opinion, and the angel came down confirming it. As for his saying on the day of al-Saqīfah, "I am its smooth rubbing post and its propped-up little palm; from us an amīr and from you an amīr," al-Ṣiddīq and the Companions rejected that. Rabīʿah b. al-Ḥārith b. ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib al-Hāshimī Rabīʿah b. al-Ḥārith b. ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib al-Hāshimī, the cousin of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. ʿUtbah b. Masʿūd al-Hudhalī. He emigrated with his full brother ʿAbd Allāh to Abyssinia, and he witnessed Uḥud and what followed. Al-Zuhrī said: ʿAbd Allāh was not more learned in fiqh than he, but ʿUtbah died before him. He died in the time of ʿUmar according to the sound view, and it is said in the time of Muʿāwiyah in the year 44. ʿAlqamah b. ʿUlāthah b. ʿAwf b. al-Aḥwaṣ b. Jaʿfar b. Kilāb b. Rabīʿah b. ʿĀmir b. Ṣaʿṣaʿah al-ʿĀmirī al-Kilābī ʿAlqamah b. ʿUlāthah b. ʿAwf b. al-Aḥwaṣ b. Jaʿfar b. Kilāb b. Rabīʿah b. ʿĀmir b. Ṣaʿṣaʿah al-ʿĀmirī al-Kilābī. He embraced Islam in the year of the conquest, witnessed Ḥunayn, and was given one hundred camels that day to win his heart. He used to be in Tihāmah, and he was a noble man, obeyed among his people. He apostatized during the days of al-Ṣiddīq, so he sent a detachment against him, and he fled, then he embraced Islam and his Islam became good. He came as a delegate to ʿUmar during his caliphate and went to Damascus in pursuit of an inheritance of his. It is said that ʿUmar appointed him over Ḥawrān and he died there. Al-Ḥuṭayʾah had intended to visit him to praise him, but he died a few nights before his arrival, so he said: What was between me, had I met you safe, and wealth, but a few nights? ʿAlqamah b. Mujazziz b. al-Aʿwar b. Jaʿdah b. Muʿādh b. ʿUtwārah b. ʿAmr b. Mudlij al-Kinānī al-Mudlijī ʿAlqamah b. Mujazziz b. al-Aʿwar b. Jaʿdah b. Muʿādh b. ʿUtwārah b. ʿAmr b. Mudlij al-Kinānī al-Mudlijī, one of the commanders of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ over some of the expeditions. He kindled a fire and ordered his companions to enter it, but they refused, so the Prophet ﷺ said: "If they had entered it, they would never have come out of it." And he said: "Obedience is only in what is good." ʿAlqamah was generous and praised; Jawwās al-ʿUdhrī mourned him, saying: Indeed peace and the best of every greeting go forth to the son of Mujazziz and return. ʿUwaym b. Sāʿidah b. ʿĀʾish Abū ʿAbd al-Raḥmān al-Anṣārī al-Awsī ʿUwaym b. Sāʿidah b. ʿĀʾish Abū ʿAbd al-Raḥmān al-Anṣārī al-Awsī, one of Banū ʿAmr b. ʿAwf. He witnessed al-ʿAqabah and Badr and what followed. He has a ḥadīth in Aḥmad and Ibn Mājah about cleansing oneself with water. Ibn ʿAbd al-Barr said: He died during the lifetime of the Prophet ﷺ, and it is said during the caliphate of ʿUmar. He said while standing at his grave: "No one can say: I am better than the occupant of this grave; no banner was raised for the Prophet ﷺ except that he was standing beneath it." Ibn Abī ʿĀṣim narrated this report, as Ibn al-Athīr cited from his path. Ghaylān b. Salamah al-Thaqafī Ghaylān b. Salamah al-Thaqafī. He embraced Islam in the year of the conquest while married to ten women, so the Messenger of Allah ﷺ ordered him to choose four of them. He had visited Kisrā before Islam, who ordered him to build a palace for him in al-Ṭāʾif. Kisrā asked him: "Which of your children is dearest to you?" He said: "The little one until he grows, the sick one until he recovers, and the absent one until he returns." Kisrā said to him: "How do you come by this! This is the speech of wise men!" He said: "What is your food?" He said: "Wheat." He said: "Yes, this is from wheat, not from dates and milk." Maʿmar b. al-Ḥārith b. Ḥabīb Maʿmar b. al-Ḥārith b. Ḥabīb b. Wahb b. Ḥudhāfah b. Jumaḥ al-Qurashī al-Jumaḥī, the brother of Ḥāṭib and Ḥaṭṭāb; their mother was Qutaylah bt. Maẓʿūn, the sister of ʿUthmān b. Maẓʿūn. Maʿmar embraced Islam before the Messenger entered the house of al-Arqam, witnessed Badr and what followed, and the Messenger of Allah ﷺ made him a brother of Muʿādh b. ʿAfrāʾ. Maysarah b. Masrūq al-ʿAbsī Maysarah b. Masrūq al-ʿAbsī A righteous shaykh; it is said that he was a Companion. He witnessed al-Yarmūk and entered Byzantine territory as commander of an army of six thousand, and he had high aspirations, so he killed, took captives, and gained booty, and that was in the year 20. He narrated from Abū ʿUbaydah, and from him Aslam, the freedman of ʿUmar, narrated. Ibn al-Athīr did not mention him in "al-Ghābah". Wāqid b. ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿAbd Manāf b. ʿArīn al-Ḥanẓalī al-Yarbūʿī Wāqid b. ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿAbd Manāf b. ʿArīn al-Ḥanẓalī al-Yarbūʿī, an ally of Banū ʿAdī b. Kaʿb. He embraced Islam before the house of al-Arqam, witnessed Badr and what followed, and the Messenger of Allah ﷺ made him a brother of Bishr b. al-Barāʾ b. Maʿrūr. He was the first to kill for the sake of Allah, Mighty and Majestic, at Baṭn Nakhlah with ʿAbd Allāh b. Jaḥsh when he killed ʿAmr b. al-Ḥaḍramī. He died during the caliphate of ʿUmar, ؓ. Abū Khirāsh al-Hudhalī Abū Khirāsh al-Hudhalī the poet, whose name was Khuwaylid b. Murrah. He used to outrun horses on his own two feet, and he was a desperate warrior in the Jāhiliyyah, then he embraced Islam and his Islam became good. He died in the time of ʿUmar. Pilgrims came to him, and he went to bring them water, and a snake bit him, but he returned to them with the water and gave them a sheep and a pot without telling them what had happened to him. He became ill and died, so they buried him. Ibn ʿAbd al-Barr and Ibn al-Athīr mentioned him among the names of the Companions. It is apparent that he did not come as a delegate; rather he embraced Islam during the lifetime of the Prophet ﷺ, so he is a mukhaḍram. And Allah knows best. Abū Laylā ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. Kaʿb b. ʿAmr al-Anṣārī Abū Laylā ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. Kaʿb b. ʿAmr al-Anṣārī. He witnessed Uḥud and what followed, except Tabūk, for he stayed behind due to the excuse of poverty. He was one of the weepers mentioned. Sawdah bt. Zamʿah al-Qurashiyyah al-ʿĀmiriyyah, Mother of the Believers Sawdah bt. Zamʿah al-Qurashiyyah al-ʿĀmiriyyah, Mother of the Believers. The first woman the Messenger of Allah ﷺ consummated marriage with after Khadījah, ؓ. She was given to much fasting and prayer. It is said that there was some sharpness in her character. She grew old, and the Messenger of Allah ﷺ wanted to separate from her — and it is said he did separate from her — so she said: "O Messenger of Allah, do not separate from me, and I will give my day to ʿĀʾishah." So the Messenger of Allah ﷺ kept her and made that agreement with her. Concerning that Allah, Mighty and Majestic, revealed: "And if a woman fears from her husband contempt or evasion, there is no sin upon them if they make terms of settlement between them, and settlement is best" [al-Nisāʾ: 128]. ʿĀʾishah said: It was revealed concerning Sawdah bt. Zamʿah. She died during the caliphate of ʿUmar b. al-Khaṭṭāb. Hind bt. ʿUtbah. It is said that she died during the caliphate of ʿUmar, and it is said she died before that, as previously mentioned. Allah knows best. Qatādah b. al-Nuʿmān al-Anṣārī. He was the one whose eye the Messenger of Allah ﷺ restored, and ʿUmar b. al-Khaṭṭāb prayed over him, and he was a Badrī. It is said he died in the year 24. Al-Akhnas b. Sharīq: His name was Ubayy b. Sharīq b. ʿAmr b. Wahb, and his name was Ubayy. When he advised Banū Zuhrah to return to Makkah as they set out in the levy to Badr to protect the caravan, and they accepted his advice, it was said: He held them back, so he was called al-Akhnas that day. He embraced Islam on the day of the conquest of Makkah and witnessed Ḥunayn with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, and he gave him along with those whose hearts were to be reconciled. He died at the beginning of the caliphate of ʿUmar ؓ. Sulaym, Abū Kabshah, the freedman of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ: He was from those born in the land of Daws. He witnessed Badr and all the battles. He died on the day ʿUmar was made caliph, which was Tuesday, eight nights remaining of Jumādā al-Ākhirah of this year. ʿAmr b. al-Ṭufayl b. ʿAmr b. Ṭarīf b. al-ʿĀṣ b. Thaʿlabah b. Sulaym: His father came to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ in Makkah. When the Arabs apostatized, he went out with the Muslims and fought, then he marched with the Muslims to al-Yamāmah with his son ʿAmr. Al-Ṭufayl was killed at al-Yamāmah, and his son's hand was cut off, but then it healed and his hand became sound. While he was with ʿUmar b. al-Khaṭṭāb ؓ, food was brought, and he drew back from it. ʿUmar said: "What is the matter with you? Perhaps you drew back because of your hand?" He said: "Yes." He said: "By Allah, I will not taste it until you stir it with your hand, for by Allah, there is no one among the people whose part is in Paradise except you." Then he went out in the year of al-Yarmūk during the caliphate of ʿUmar b. al-Khaṭṭāb ؓ and was killed as a martyr. Al-Ḥārith b. Qays b. Khālid b. Makhlad b. ʿĀmir, Abū Khālid: He witnessed al-ʿAqabah with the seventy, and Badr, and all the battles with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. He witnessed al-Yamāmah with Khālid b. al-Walīd, and was wounded that day and it healed, then it reopened and he died, so he is counted among the martyrs of al-Yamāmah. Ziyād b. Labīd b. Thaʿlabah b. Sinān b. ʿĀmir b. ʿAdī: He witnessed al-ʿAqabah with the seventy. When he embraced Islam, he used to break the idols of Banū Bayāḍah. Ziyād went out to the Prophet ﷺ and stayed with him in Makkah, and emigrated with him to Madinah, so he is a Muhājirī Anṣārī. He witnessed Badr and all the battles with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ died while he was his governor over Ḥaḍramawt, and he took charge of fighting the apostates in Yemen when the people of al-Baḥrayn apostatized with al-Ashʿath b. Qays. He was victorious over them, killed some and captured others, and sent al-Ashʿath b. Qays to Abū Bakr in bonds. Salamah b. Aslam: He witnessed Badr and all the battles with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, and was killed in Iraq on the day of the bridge of Abū ʿUbayd al-Thaqafī, at the age of sixty-three. Salamah b. Hishām b. al-Mughīrah: He embraced Islam in Makkah early, emigrated to Abyssinia, then returned to Makkah, where Abū Jahl imprisoned him, beat him, and starved him. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ used to supplicate for him in his prayer, saying: "O Allah, save Salamah b. Hishām, ʿAyyāsh b. Abī Rabīʿah, al-Walīd b. al-Walīd, and the weak among the Muslims." Salamah escaped and joined the Messenger of Allah ﷺ on the day of the Trench. When Abū Bakr ؓ sent the armies to fight the Byzantines, Salamah was killed as a martyr at Marj al-Ṣuffar in Muḥarram of this year. Salīṭ b. Qays b. ʿAmr b. ʿUbayd Salīṭ b. Qays b. ʿAmr b. ʿUbayd: He witnessed Badr and all the battles with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, and was killed on the day of the bridge of Abū ʿUbayd. ʿUthmān b. ʿĀmir b. ʿAmr b. Kaʿb, Abū Quḥāfah: The father of Abū Bakr al-Ṣiddīq ؓ. He embraced Islam on the day of the conquest. From Muḥammad b. Isḥāq, who said: Yaḥyā b. ʿAbbād b. ʿAbd Allāh b. al-Zubayr narrated to me, from his father, from Asmāʾ bt. Abī Bakr, who said: When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ entered Makkah and was at ease and sat in the mosque, Abū Bakr brought Abū Quḥāfah to him. When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ saw him, he said: "O Abū Bakr, why did you not leave the old man so that I might be the one to walk to him?" He said: "O Messenger of Allah, he is more deserving to walk to you than you to walk to him." So the Messenger of Allah ﷺ seated him before him and placed his hand on his chest, then said: "O Abū Quḥāfah, embrace Islam and you will be safe." He said: So he embraced Islam and bore witness to the testimony of truth. He said: He was brought in, and his head and beard were as white as the thughāmah plant, so the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "Change this white hair, and avoid black dye." And from Abū Mūsā Muḥammad b. al-Muthannā, who said: Abū Quḥāfah died in Makkah in the year 14. The scholars of sīrah said: Abū Quḥāfah died in Makkah in Muḥarram of the year 14, at the age of ninety-seven, six months and some days after the death of Abū Bakr ؓ. ʿAfrāʾ bt. ʿUbayd b. Thaʿlabah: She embraced Islam and gave allegiance to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, and Allah granted her seven sons, all of whom witnessed Badr as Muslims. That is because she married al-Ḥārith b. Rifāʿah and bore him Muʿādh and Muʿawwidh, then he divorced her. She went to Makkah and Bakr b. ʿAbd Yālīl married her, and she bore him Khālid, Iyās, ʿĀqil, and ʿĀmir. Then she returned to Madinah, and al-Ḥārith b. Rifāʿah took her back, and she bore him ʿAwf. So all of them witnessed Badr as Muslims. Muʿādh, Muʿawwidh, and ʿĀqil were martyred at Badr, Khālid on the day of al-Rajīʿ, ʿĀmir on the day of Biʾr Maʿūnah, Iyās on the day of al-Yamāmah, and the remainder of them were for ʿAwf. Farwah b. ʿAmr b. Wadhfah b. ʿUbayd: He was present at al-ʿAqabah with the seventy, and he was present at Badr and all the expeditions with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. He appointed him over the spoils on the day of Khaybar, and he would send him as an assessor of dates in Madinah. Nawfal b. al-Ḥārith b. ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib b. Hāshim: He had a son named ʿAbd Allāh who resembled the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, and he was the first to hold the judiciary of Madinah during the caliphate of Muʿāwiyah, and another son named Saʿd, who was a jurist. And on the authority of Hishām [b. Muḥammad b. al-Sāʾib al-Kalbī] from his father, he said: When the polytheists forced those of Banū Hāshim who were in Makkah to go out to Badr against their will, Nawfal was among them, and he began to say: Ḥarāmun ʿalayya ḥarbu Aḥmada innanī     arā Aḥmadan minnī qarīban awāṣiruh Fa-in taku Fihrun allabat wa-tajammaʿat     ʿalayhi fa-inna Allāha lā shakka nāṣiruh The compiler said: Then Nawfal was taken captive at Badr, and the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said to him: "Ransom yourself with your spears that are in Juddah." He said: I bear witness that you are the Messenger of Allah. So he ransomed himself with them, and they were a thousand spears. He was older than Ḥamzah and al-ʿAbbās. He returned to Makkah, then he and al-ʿAbbās emigrated to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ during the days of the Trench, and he witnessed the conquest of Makkah and al-Ṭāʾif. He stood firm with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ on the day of Ḥunayn, and he aided the Messenger of Allah ﷺ on that day with three thousand spears. He died one year and three months after ʿUmar became caliph, and ʿUmar prayed over him and followed him to al-Baqīʿ until he was buried there. Umm ʿImārah, whose name is Nasībah, with a fatḥah on the nūn and a kasrah on the sīn, daughter of Kaʿb b. ʿAmr b. ʿAwf al-Anṣāriyyah: She embraced Islam, attended al-ʿAqabah, gave allegiance, and witnessed Uḥud, al-Ḥudaybiyah, Khaybar, Ḥunayn, the ʿUmrah of al-Qaḍāʾ, and the day of al-Yamāmah. ʿUmar b. al-Khaṭṭāb ؓ narrated from the Prophet ﷺ that he said: "On the day of Uḥud I did not turn right or left without seeing her fighting in my defense." Al-Wāqidī said: She fought on the day of Uḥud and was wounded with twelve wounds, and she treated a wound in her neck for a year. Then the caller of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ announced: To Ḥamrāʾ al-Asad, so she bound her clothes tightly, though she could not because of the bleeding, and she went out with the Muslims in the fighting against the people of apostasy. She engaged in battle herself until Allah killed Musaylimah, and she returned with ten wounds from stabs and blows. Umm Sulayṭ bint ʿUbayd b. Ziyād al-Anṣāriyyah: She embraced Islam, gave allegiance, and witnessed Uḥud, Khaybar, and Ḥunayn. She died in this year. [He said:] Thaʿlabah b. Abī Mālik said: ʿUmar b. al-Khaṭṭāb ؓ distributed cloaks among the women of Madinah, and one good cloak remained. Someone with him said: O Commander of the Faithful, give this to the daughter of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ who is with you—meaning Umm Kulthūm. He said: Umm Sulayṭ is more entitled to it, for she was among those who gave allegiance to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, and she used to carry water skins for us on the day of Uḥud. Saʿd b. ʿUbādah b. Dulaym b. Ḥārithah b. Thaʿlabah, Abū Thābit al-Khazrajī: He could write in the pre-Islamic era, and writing was rare among the Arabs. He was skilled in swimming and archery, and one who combined these was called al-kāmil (the complete one). Saʿd b. ʿUbādah and several of his forefathers before him in the pre-Islamic era used to have it proclaimed from their fortress: Whoever loves fat and meat, let him come to the fortress of Dulaym b. Ḥārithah. It was also proclaimed from the fortress of his father. [We were informed by ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿAlī al-Muqrī with his chain from Muḥammad] b. Sīrīn, who said: When the people of al-Ṣuffah entered the evening, one man would take one man, another would take two men, and another would take five. As for Saʿd b. ʿUbādah, he would take eighty every night. From Ibn Sīrīn: Saʿd b. ʿUbādah used to spread out his garment and say: O Allah, expand for me, for only abundance suffices me. From Hishām, from his father: Saʿd b. ʿUbādah used to supplicate: O Allah, grant me praise and glory; there is no glory except through deeds, and no deeds except through wealth. O Allah, little does not set me right, nor am I set right upon it. Yaḥyā, meaning Ibn Abī Kathīr, said: The Prophet ﷺ had from Saʿd every day a large bowl of food that went around with him wherever he went, and he used to say: O Allah, provide me with wealth, for deeds are only set right through wealth. The scholars of biography said: Saʿd embraced Islam, attended al-ʿAqabah with the seventy, and was one of the twelve chiefs. He prepared to go out to Badr but was bitten, so he stayed. He witnessed Uḥud and the expeditions after it with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ died, the Anṣār gathered and made him their leader. When allegiance was given to Abū Bakr, Saʿd did not give allegiance to him, nor did he give allegiance to ʿUmar. He went to Syria and died in Ḥawrān. The cause of his death was that he sat down to urinate in a burrow, and he was killed instantly. They found that his skin had turned green. Some servants in Madinah heard a voice coming from a well saying: Naḥnu qatalnā sayyida al-Khazraji Saʿda bna ʿUbādah     wa-ramaynāhu bi-sahmayni fa-lam tukhṭi fuʾādah We killed the chief of the Khazraj, Saʿd b. ʿUbādah,     and we shot him with two arrows that did not miss his heart. The servants were alarmed and noted that day, and they found it was the day Saʿd died in Ḥawrān. ʿAbd Allāh b. al-Zibaʿrā b. Qays b. ʿAdī b. Saʿd b. Sahm al-Sāʿidī: He used to satirize the companions of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and incite the polytheists against the Muslims in his poetry, and he exchanged lampoons with Ḥassān b. Thābit and other Muslim poets. He traveled with Quraysh wherever they marched to fight the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ entered Makkah in the year of the conquest, he fled until he reached Najrān and entered its fortress. He said to its people: Quraysh has been killed and Muḥammad has entered Makkah, and we think Muḥammad is heading to your fortress. So they began repairing what was dilapidated in their fortress and gathering their livestock. Then Ibn al-Zibaʿrā went down to the Prophet ﷺ and said, apologizing to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ: Yā rasūla al-malīki inna lisānī     rātiqun mā fataqtu idh anā būru Idh ujārī al-shayṭāna fī sanani al-ghayyi     wa-man māla mayluhu mathbūru Yashhadu al-samʿu wa-al-fuʾādu bimā qultu     wa-nafsī al-shahīdu wa-hiya al-khabīru Inna mā jiʾtanā bihi ḥaqqu ṣidqin     sāṭiʿun nūruhu muḍīʾun munīru Jiʾtanā bi-al-yaqīni wa-al-ṣidqi wa-al-birri     wa-fī al-ṣidqi wa-al-surūri al-surūru Adhhaba Allāhu ẓulmata al-jahli ʿannā     wa-atānā al-rakhāʾu wa-al-maysūru O Messenger of the King, my tongue     mends what I tore when I was perishing, When I ran with Satan in the way of error,     and whoever inclines as he does is destroyed. Hearing and heart bear witness to what I said,     and my soul is the witness, and it is knowing. What you have brought us is true and right,     its light shining, radiant, illuminating. You came to us with certainty, truth, and piety,     and in truth and joy there is joy. Allah removed from us the darkness of ignorance,     and brought us ease and prosperity. He also said, apologizing to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ: Manaʿa al-ruqāda balābilun wa-humūmu     wa-al-laylu muʿtaliju al-riwāqi bahīmu Mimmā atānī anna Aḥmada lāmanī     fīhi fa-bittu ka-annanī maḥmūmu Yā khayra man ḥamalat ʿalā awṣālihā     ʿayrānatun suruḥu al-yadayni ghashūmu Innī la-muʿtadhirun ilayka mina alladhī     asdaytu idh anā fī al-ḍalāli ahīmu Ayyāma taʾmurunī bi-aswaʾi khuṭṭatin     Sahmun wa-taʾmurunī bihā Makhzūmu Wa-amuddu asbāba al-radā wa-yaqūdunī     amru al-ghuwāti wa-amruhum mashʾūmu Maḍat al-ʿadāwatu wa-inqaḍat asbābuhā     wa-atat awāṣiru baynanā wa-ḥulūmu Fa-ghfir fidan laka wālidāya kilāhumā     wa-irḥam fa-innaka rāḥimun marḥūmu Wa-ʿalayka min simati al-malīki ʿalāmatun     fawzun aʿazzu wa-khātamun makhtūmu Aʿṭāka baʿda maḥabbatin burhānahu     sharafan, wa-burhānu al-ilāhi ʿaẓīmu Sleeplessness is caused by griefs and cares,     and the night is dark with its curtain drawn. Because news came to me that Aḥmad blamed me     for it, so I spent the night as if feverish. O best of those carried on their limbs by     a swift she-camel, smooth-gaited, powerful. I apologize to you for what I did     when I wandered in error, In the days when Sahm commanded me to the worst plan,     and Makhzūm commanded me to it. I extended the causes of ruin, and led me     the command of the misguided, and their command is ominous. Enmity has passed and its causes ended,     and bonds and forbearance have come between us. Forgive, may my parents be ransom for you, both of them,     and have mercy, for you are merciful and shown mercy. Upon you is a mark from the King, a sign of     supreme triumph and a sealed seal. He gave you, after love, His proof     as honor, and the proof of God is great. Al-Mughīrah b. al-Ḥārith b. ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib, Abū Sufyān: He was the foster brother of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ; Ḥalīmah suckled him for some days. He was fond of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and resembled him. When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ was sent, he became hostile to him, satirized him, and satirized his companions. He was a poet. He remained for twenty years an enemy of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, never absent from any place where Quraysh marched to fight the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ prepared to go out to the expedition of the conquest, Allah cast Islam into his heart. He came to his wife and son and said: Prepare to go out, for Muḥammad's arrival is imminent. They said to him: It is time for you to support the Arabs and the non-Arabs. You have followed Muḥammad while persisting in enmity toward him, and you were the most entitled of people to support him. So he went out seeking the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, and the Messenger of Allah ﷺ had vowed to shed his blood. He met the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, but the Messenger turned away from him. He moved to the other side, but he turned away from him. He said: I am surely to be killed. Then he embraced Islam and went out with him until he witnessed the conquest of Makkah and Ḥunayn. He said: When we met the enemy at Ḥunayn, I dismounted from my horse with my sword drawn in my hand. By Allah, I know that I wanted death in his defense while he was looking at me. Al-ʿAbbās said: O Messenger of Allah, he is your brother and your cousin, Abū Sufyān b. al-Ḥārith, so be pleased with him. He said: "I have done so." May Allah forgive him every enmity he showed to me. Then he turned to me and said: My brother, by my life. I kissed his foot in the stirrup and said: No blame. He said: No blame. Abū Sufyān performed the pilgrimage in this year, and the barber shaved his head at Minā while there was a wart on his head, and he cut it. That was the cause of his death. He said: When death came to Abū Sufyān b. al-Ḥārith, he said to his family: Do not weep for me, for I have not committed a sin since I embraced Islam. The scholars of biography said: Abū Sufyān died in Madinah in this year. It is also said: rather he died in the year twenty, and he dug his own grave three days before his death. ʿUmar b. al-Khaṭṭāb ؓ prayed over him. Umm Sulaym bint Milḥān b. Khālid b. Zayd b. Ḥarām, and she is al-Rumayṣāʾ: They differed about her name. Al-Baghawī narrated from ʿAlī b. al-Madīnī, who said: Her name is Mulaykah, and her nickname is al-Rumayṣāʾ. Others said: Her name is Suhaylah. It is also said: Rumaylah, and it is said: Rumaythah, and it is said: Anīfah. Mālik b. al-Naḍr married her, and she bore him Anas b. Mālik. Then an enemy met him and killed him. Abū Ṭalḥah proposed to her. From Anas, he said: Abū Ṭalḥah proposed to Umm Sulaym before he embraced Islam. She said: I am indeed desirous of you, and one like you is not rejected, but you are an unbeliever and I am a Muslim woman. If you embrace Islam, that is my dowry, and I will ask you for nothing else. So Abū Ṭalḥah embraced Islam and married her. From Anas, he said: Abū Ṭalḥah came on the day of Ḥunayn laughing to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ about Umm Sulaym. He said: O Messenger of Allah, did you not see Umm Sulaym with her a dagger? The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "What are you doing, O Umm Sulaym?" She said: I intended, if any of them came near me, to stab him. From Anas b. Mālik, he said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ visited Umm Sulaym and prayed in her house voluntarily. He said: "O Umm Sulaym, when you pray the obligatory prayer, say: Subḥāna Allāh ten times, al-ḥamdu li-llāh ten times, and Allāhu akbar ten times, then ask Allah for whatever you wish, for it will be said to you: yes, yes, yes." From ʿAbāyah b. Rifāʿah, from Umm Sulaym, she said: A son of mine died while my husband was absent. I got up and shrouded him in a corner of the house. My husband arrived, and I perfumed myself for him, and he had intercourse with me. Then I brought him food, and he began to eat. I said: Would you not be amazed at our neighbors? He said: What is wrong with them? I said: They lent a loan, and when it was demanded back from them, they grieved. He said: Evil is what they did. I said: It is your son. He said: No doubt, you will not overcome me in patience tonight. When morning came, he went to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and told him. He said: "You spent the night as newlyweds while he was beside you. O Allah, bless them in their night." After that I saw seven of their children in the mosque, all of whom had memorized the Qurʾān. Saʿd b. ʿUbayd b. al-Nuʿmān b. Qays—he is the one called Saʿd al-Qāriʾ (the reciter)—and his kunyah is Abū Zayd. The Kufans narrate that he was among those who collected the Qurʾān during the lifetime of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. He witnessed Badr and all the expeditions with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. His son, ʿUmar b. Saʿd, was appointed by ʿUmar over part of Syria. Saʿd was martyred on the day of al-Qādisiyyah at the age of sixty-four. Māriyah al-Qibṭiyyah: Al-Muqawqis gave her as a gift to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, and he had intercourse with her by right of ownership. She bore him Ibrāhīm. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ died, and Abū Bakr ؓ spent on her until he died, then ʿUmar ؓ spent on her. She died in Muḥarram of this year, and ʿUmar gathered the people to attend her funeral, prayed over her, and buried her in al-Baqīʿ. Al-Barāʾ b. Mālik b. al-Naḍr b. Ḍamḍam b. Zayd b. Ḥarām: His mother is Umm Sulaym bint Milḥān, and he is the full brother of Anas. He witnessed Uḥud and all the expeditions with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. He was brave and effective in battle. ʿUmar used to write: Do not appoint al-Barāʾ over any army of the Muslims, for he will destroy it by his boldness. On the day of al-Yamāmah he mounted his horse and said: O people, by Allah, it is Paradise, and there is no way to Madinah. He spurred his horse forward, and the people charged with him, and Allah defeated the polytheists. There was a breach in their city. From Muḥammad b. Sīrīn: The Muslims came to a wall whose gate was closed and in which there were men from the polytheists. Al-Barāʾ b. Mālik sat on a shield and said: Lift me with your spears and throw me over to them. They did so, and they reached him after he had killed fifteen of them. From Anas b. Mālik, he said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "How many a weak man, deemed weak, in two worn garments, if he swore by Allah, Allah would fulfill his oath. Among them is al-Barāʾ b. Mālik." And al-Barāʾ met a host of polytheists while they were routing the Muslims. They said: O Barāʾ, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said that if you swore by Allah, He would fulfill your oath. So swear by your Lord. He said: I adjure You, O Lord, to grant us their backs. So they were granted their backs. Then they met at the bridge of al-Sūs, and the polytheists routed the Muslims. They said: Swear, O Barāʾ, by your Lord. He said: I adjure You, O my Lord, to grant us their backs and to join me with my Prophet ﷺ. So they were granted their backs, and he was martyred. The author of the book said: We have already mentioned that he was killed on the day of Tustar. Ḥudayr: It is reported in the ḥadīth that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ distributed something one day and forgot Ḥudayr. Jibrīl descended and said: O Muḥammad, you forgot Ḥudayr. The Prophet ﷺ sent someone to look for him. The one who went to look for him said: I caught up with him while he was saying: Subḥāna Allāh, al-ḥamdu li-llāh, lā ilāha illā Allāh, wa-Allāhu akbar. I said: O you, return to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, for he has been admonished concerning you. He said: O You who did not forget Ḥudayr, make Ḥudayr not forget You. From Ibn ʿUmar: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ sent an army in which there was a man called Ḥudayr. That year they had been afflicted with severe shortage of food. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ gave them provisions and forgot to provision Ḥudayr. Ḥudayr went out patiently, seeking reward, and he was at the rear of the caravan saying: Lā ilāha illā Allāh, wa-Allāhu akbar, wa-subḥāna Allāh, wa-lā ḥawla wa-lā quwwata illā bi-llāh, and he said: What an excellent provision it is, O Lord. He kept repeating it while he was at the rear of the caravan. He said: Then Jibrīl came to the Prophet ﷺ and said to him: 'My Lord sent me to you to inform you that you have provisioned your companions and forgot to provision Ḥudayr, and he is at the rear of the caravan saying: "There is no god but Allah, and Allah is Most Great, and praise be to Allah, and glory be to Allah, and there is no might and no power except with Allah," and saying: "What excellent provision this is, O my Lord."' He said: 'And that speech of his will have light on the Day of Resurrection between heaven and earth, so send him provision.' So the Prophet ﷺ called a man and gave him the provision, and he retained what he said, and he was to tell him: 'The Messenger of Allah ﷺ sends you greetings of peace and the mercy of Allah, and he informs you that he had forgotten to provision you, and that my Lord, Blessed and Exalted, sent Jibrīl to me to remind me of you, and Jibrīl reminded him and informed him of your place.' He said: So he reached him while he was saying: 'There is no god but Allah, and Allah is Most Great, and praise be to Allah, and glory be to Allah, and there is no might and no power except with Allah,' and saying: 'What excellent provision this is, O my Lord.' He said: Then he drew near to him and said to him: 'The Messenger of Allah ﷺ sends you greetings of peace and the mercy of Allah, and he has sent me to you with provision and says: "I only forgot you, so Jibrīl was sent to me from heaven to remind me of you."' He said: So he praised Allah and extolled Him, and invoked blessings upon the Prophet ﷺ, then said: 'Praise be to Allah, Lord of the worlds. My Lord remembered me from above seven heavens and above His Throne and had mercy on my hunger and my weakness. O my Lord, just as You did not forget Ḥudayr, make Ḥudayr not forget You.' He said: And he retained what he said and returned to the Prophet ﷺ and informed him of what he had heard from him when he reached him, and of what he said when he informed him. Then the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: 'Indeed, if you had raised your head to the sky, you would have seen for his speech a shining light between heaven and earth.' [ʿUtbah b. Masʿūd b. Ḥabīb, the brother of ʿAbd Allāh b. Masʿūd on his father's and mother's side: He was an early Muslim in Makkah, and he emigrated to Abyssinia in the second emigration, then he returned and was present at Uḥud and the expeditions after it, and he died during the caliphate of ʿUmar, and he prayed over him] and he died during the caliphate of ʿUmar, and he prayed over him]. 206 - ʿUmayr b. ʿAdī b. Kharashah b. Umayyah b. ʿĀmir b. Ḥaṭmah, and he is ʿUmayr al-Qārī: He was an early Muslim, blind of sight, and ʿAṣmāʾ bt. Marwān used to harm the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and incite against him and find fault with Islam and compose poetry about that. When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ was away at Badr, ʿUmayr vowed that if Allah returned the Messenger of Allah ﷺ safely, he would kill ʿAṣmāʾ. When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ returned from Badr, ʿUmayr came to her in the middle of the night and killed her, then he came to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and informed him. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "No two goats will butt heads over her." This saying was the first heard from the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, then he said: "If you would like to look at a man who helped Allah and His Messenger in secret, then look at ʿUmayr b. ʿAdī." And ʿUmayr used to give the call to prayer for his people [ʿAdī b. Abī al-Zaghbāʾ, and the name of Abū al-Zaghbāʾ is Sinān b. Subayʿ: The Prophet ﷺ sent him with Basbas b. ʿAmr al-Juhanī as a scouting party to spy on the news of the caravan. They arrived at Badr and found that the caravan had passed and eluded them, so they returned and informed the Prophet ﷺ. And ʿAdī was present at Badr and all the expeditions with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. He died during the caliphate of ʿUmar b. al-Khaṭṭāb ؓ, and he has no descendants. Al-Aghlab b. Jusham b. Saʿd b. ʿIjl b. Jusham: He lived long in the age of ignorance, and he reached Islam, and his Islam was good, and he emigrated. Then he was among those who set out to al-Kūfah with Saʿd b. Abī Waqqāṣ, and he was martyred in the battle of Nahāwand, and his grave is there with the graves of the martyrs. He was the first to compose rajaz poems. ʿUmar b. al-Khaṭṭāb ؓ had written to al-Mughīrah b. Shuʿbah while he was governor of al-Kūfah: 'Ask the poets who are with you to recite what they have said in Islam.' Labīd said: 'Allah has given me Sūrat al-Baqarah in place of poetry.' Then al-Aghlab b. al-Mughīrah came and said: Do you want rajaz or a qaṣīdah? You have asked for something easy and available. So al-Mughīrah wrote that to ʿUmar, and he reduced al-Aghlab's stipend by five hundred and placed it in Labīd's stipend. [Then al-Aghlab wrote to ʿUmar: 'Will you reduce my stipend because I obeyed you?' So he returned five hundred to him and kept it in Labīd's stipend.] Ṣafwān b. al-Muʿaṭṭal b. Rakhīṣah Abū ʿAmr al-Dhakwānī al-Sulamī: He became Muslim before the expedition of al-Muraysīʿ, and he was present at it with the Prophet ﷺ, and he was present at the Trench and the expeditions after it. He was killed on the day of Armenia, and it is said: he died in Shamīshāṭ in the year sixty. Ṭulayḥah b. Khuwaylid b. Nawfal b. Naḍlah b. al-Ashtar b. Jaḥwān: Ṭulayḥah was counted as equal to a thousand horsemen because of his strength, courage, and insight into war. Ṭulayḥah came as a delegate to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ in the year nine in a group, and they became Muslims. Then they apostatized, and he claimed prophethood—as was previously explained—and when Khālid b. al-Walīd fell upon them at Buzākhah, Ṭulayḥah fled until he reached Syria, and he stayed there until Abū Bakr ؓ died. Then he set out in pilgrim sanctity for the Ḥajj, and he arrived in Makkah. When ʿUmar saw him, he said: 'O Ṭulayḥah, I do not love you after the killing of the two righteous men: ʿUkkāshah b. Miḥṣan and Thābit b. Aqram—and they were two scouts for Khālid b. al-Walīd, and Ṭulayḥah and his brother Salamah met them and killed them.' Then Ṭulayḥah said: 'O Commander of the Faithful, two men whom Allah honored by my hand and did not dishonor me by their hands.' So he became a Muslim with a sound Islam, and he was present at al-Qādisiyyah and Nahāwand. And ʿUmar ؓ wrote: 'Consult Ṭulayḥah in your war, but do not appoint him over anything,' and he was killed at Nahāwand. ʿAmr b. Maʿdīkarib b. ʿUbayd Allāh b. ʿAmr b. ʿUṣm b. ʿAmr b. Zubayd, Abū Thawr al-Zubaydī: He was a courageous horseman and poet. In the age of ignorance he had great raids and wondrous battles. On his sword was written: A male upon a male, he prances with a keen sword, a Yemeni male in the right hand of a Yemeni. ʿAmr met Ḥayyī al-Kindiyyah at Dhū al-Majāz—which is the market of ʿArafāt—and he was impressed by her beauty and intelligence, so he offered himself to her and said: 'Would you like a noble equal, a striker of men's skulls, a violent death-dealer? You would have a sweet body from Saʿd al-ʿAshīrah in the core.' She said: 'From Saʿd al-ʿAshīrah?' He said: 'From Saʿd al-ʿAshīrah in the root of its origin and its shining might, if you are discerning about the opportunity.' She said: 'I have a husband who is true in meeting, terrifies enemies, and gives abundant gifts.' He said: 'Had I known that you had a husband, I would not have sought you for myself nor offered myself to you. How would you be if I killed him?' She said: 'I would not turn away from you nor prefer another over you nor fall short before you. But beware lest my words deceive you and you expose yourself to death, for I see you alone, without helper or family, while my husband has strength of family and abundant wealth.' So ʿAmr left her, and he kept following her without her knowing. When she arrived at her husband, he asked her about what she had seen on her way. She said: 'I saw a man of imposing appearance to people, who exposes himself to fighting and courts the wives of men, and he offered himself to me, so I described you to him.' Her husband said: 'That is ʿAmr. May his mother give birth to me if I do not bring him bound and fettered to a burden of stubborn resistance and not submissive.' When ʿAmr heard his words, he entered upon him suddenly and killed him, and he lay with her. When he had satisfied his desire with her, he said to her: 'I have never lain with a woman in my intercourse except that she conceived, and I do not think you have done otherwise. So if you are granted a boy, name him al-Khazr, and if you are granted a girl, name her ʿIkrishah.' And he made that a sign between them. Then he went on his way. Then one day he went out exposing himself to combat, and behold, there was a man on a horse fully armed. ʿAmr called him to single combat, and when they joined, the youth threw ʿAmr down and sat on his chest intending to slaughter him. He said to him: 'Who are you?' He said: 'I am ʿAmr.' Then the youth got off his chest and said: 'I am your son al-Khazr.' ʿAmr said to him: 'Go to Ṣanʿāʾ and do not rival me in a land.' It was not long before he became master over those among whom he lived, and they incited him and commanded him to fight his father, and they complained to him about ʿAmr's raids upon them, so they met, and ʿAmr killed him. [And ʿAbbās b. Hishām b. Muḥammad al-Kalbī narrated, he said: Abū al-Mundhir narrated to me], from his father, he said: When the news of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ reached ʿAmr b. Maʿdīkarib, he said to Qays b. Makshūḥ: 'O Qays, you are the master of your people, and it has been mentioned to me the matter of this Qurashī who has appeared in the Ḥijāz and claims that he is a prophet. So come with us to him so that we may learn his knowledge. For if he is a prophet as he says, his matter will not be hidden from us.' But Qays refused and deemed his opinion foolish. So ʿAmr mounted his riding camel with a delegation from Banū Zubayd, and he came to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. ʿAmr said: I met him returning from the expedition of Tabūk, and I went to approach him, but I was prevented from that until the Messenger of Allah ﷺ gave me permission and said: 'Clear the way for the man.' So I came forward until I drew near to him, and I said to him: 'Good morning, may you be far from cursing.' The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: 'O ʿAmr, the curse of Allah and of the angels and of all people is upon those who do not believe. So believe in Allah and His Messenger, and Allah will protect you on the Day of the greatest terror.' ʿAmr said: 'What is the terror? For I do not fear anything.' The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: 'It is not what you see and think. When it is the Day of the greatest terror, a shout will be cried out to the people such that no possessor of a spirit will remain except that he dies, and no dead person except that he is resurrected, and as Allah wills of that. That shout will persist until the earth spins from it, the mountains fall, the sky splits, and the Fire emerges, having two tongues, throwing sparks like the fragments of mountains. Then no possessor of a spirit will remain except that his heart is wrenched out, and he remembers his sin. So where will you be from the terror, O ʿAmr?' ʿAmr said: 'Nowhere, O Messenger of Allah.' He said: 'Then submit.' ʿAmr said: So I submitted. The scholars of the biographical tradition said: ʿAmr became Muslim, and he heard from the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, and he narrated from him. Then he apostatized after the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, then he returned to Islam. And ʿUmar sent him to Saʿd b. Abī Waqqāṣ at al-Qādisiyyah, and he wrote to him: 'I have reinforced you with two thousand men: ʿAmr b. Maʿdīkarib and Ṭulayḥah b. Khuwaylid. Consult them in war, but do not appoint them over anything.' On that day ʿAmr performed excellently. ʿAmr said: The horses of the Muslims were shying from the elephants on the day of al-Qādisiyyah, and the horses of the Persians did not shy. So I ordered a man to shield me, then I approached the elephant and struck its trunk and cut it off, [so it bolted] and the elephants bolted and crushed the army, and the Muslims pressed upon them until they were routed. On that day ʿAmr was one hundred and thirty years old. ʿUmar b. al-Khaṭṭāb ؓ used to ask ʿAmr b. Maʿdīkarib about things. He asked him about war, and he said: 'Bitter in taste when it bares its shin. Whoever is patient in it is known, and whoever is weak in it perishes.' And he asked him about weapons: 'What do you say about the spear?' He said: 'Your brother, and sometimes he betrays you.' He said: 'The arrows?' He said: 'Fates that miss and hit.' He said: 'The coat of mail?' He said: 'A preoccupation for the horseman and a weariness for the foot soldier, and indeed it is a strong fortress.' He said: 'The shield?' He said: 'It is the protection upon which turns of fortune revolve.' He said: 'The sword?' He said: 'At that, may your mother be elevated above bereavement.' Then ʿUmar said to him: 'Rather, your mother.' He said: 'Rather, my mother, and the fever has made me submissive to you.' This is a proverb meaning: Islam has humbled me, and had I been in the age of ignorance, you would not have dared to answer me back. And one day he said to him: 'Tell me about the bravest man you have met, and the most cowardly man you have met.' He said: What From al-Shaʿbī, he said: ʿAmr b. Maʿdīkarib entered one day upon ʿUmar b. al-Khaṭṭāb ؓ, and he said to him: 'O ʿAmr, tell me about the bravest man you have met, and the most cunning man you have met, and the most cowardly man you have met.' He said: 'Yes, O Commander of the Faithful. I went out once intending a raid, and while I was traveling, behold, there was a horse tethered and a spear planted, and a man sitting, and he was of the greatest of men in stature, and he was holding a sword. So I said to him: 'Take your guard, for I am going to kill you.' He said: 'Who are you?' I said: 'I am ʿAmr b. Maʿdīkarib.' Then he gasped one gasp and died. So this is the most cowardly man I have seen, O Commander of the Faithful. And I went out another day until I came to a tribe, and behold, there was a horse tethered and a spear planted, and its owner was in a hollow relieving himself. So I said to him: 'Take your guard, for I am going to kill you.' He said: 'Who are you?' I said: 'I am ʿAmr b. Maʿdīkarib.' Then he said: 'O Abū Thawr, you have not been fair to me. You are on the back of your horse, and I am in a well. So give me a covenant that you will not kill me until I mount my horse and take my guard.' So I gave him a covenant that I would not kill him until he mounted his horse and took his guard. Then he came out of the place where he was, and he took up his sword and sat down. I said: 'What is this?' He said: 'I am not going to mount my horse nor fight you.' So this, O Commander of the Faithful, is the most cunning man I have seen. Then I went out another day until I came to a place where I used to waylay, and I saw no one, so I ran my horse right and left, and behold, there was a horseman. When he drew near to me, behold, he was a young man whose face was among the most handsome of the youths I had seen and the most beautiful, and he had come from the direction of al-Yamāmah. When he came close to me, he greeted me, and I returned his greeting and said: 'Who is the youth?' He said: 'Al-Ḥārith b. Saʿd, the horseman of al-Shahbāʾ.' So I said to him: 'Take your guard, for I am going to kill you.' He went on and did not turn to me, so I said to him: 'O youth, take your guard, for I am going to kill you.' He said: Woe to you, who are you? I said: I am ʿAmr b. Maʿdīkarib. He said: The contemptible, abased one. By God, nothing prevents me from killing you except that I deem you too insignificant. He said: So my soul shrank within me, and what he confronted me with seemed great to me. I said to him: Take your guard, for by God, only one of us will turn away. He said: Begone, may your mother be bereaved of you, for I am of a household that has never flinched from a horseman. I said: He is the one we hear of, so choose for yourself. He said: Either you charge me or I charge you. So I seized the opportunity from him and said: Charge me. He charged, and I attacked him until when I thought I had placed the lance between his shoulder blades, he had suddenly become a girth for his horse, then he pursued me and struck my head with the spear shaft, saying: O ʿAmr, take this back to you — one. By God, were it not that I dislike killing the like of you, I would have killed you. So my soul shrank within me, and death, by God, O Commander of the Faithful, became dearer to me than what I saw. I said: By God, only one of us will turn away. He said: Choose for yourself. I said: Charge me. So he charged, and I thought I had gotten the better of him, so I pursued him until I thought I had placed the lance between his shoulder blades, but suddenly he had become a breast-girth for his horse, then he pursued me and struck my head with the spear shaft, saying: O ʿAmr, take this back to you — two. So my soul shrank within me, and I said: By God, only one of us will turn away. He said: Choose for yourself. I said: Charge me. So he charged until when I thought I had placed the lance between his shoulder blades, he leaped from his horse, and there he was on the ground, so I missed him and passed on, then he mounted his horse and pursued me and struck my head with the spear shaft, saying: O ʿAmr, take this back to you — three. Were it not that I dislike killing the like of you, I would have killed you. So I said to him: Killing me is dearer to me than what I see befalling myself and than that the youths of the Arabs should hear this. He said to me: O ʿAmr, forgiveness is only three times. Indeed, if I get the better of you the fourth time, I will kill you. And he began to chant rajaz verse, saying: I have bound with firm oaths of faith — if you return, O ʿAmr, to transgression, The blaze of the youths will surely be kindled for you — otherwise I am not of the Banū Shaybān. When he said this, I feared him with a great fear, and I said to him: I have a need of you. He said: And what is it? I said: That I be a companion to you. And I accepted that, O Commander of the Faithful. He said: You are not of my companions. And that, by God, was harder and greater than what he had done. I did not cease entreating him until he said: Woe to you, do you know where I am heading? I said: No. He said: I am heading for death face to face. So I said: I accept death with you. He said: Come with us. So we traveled together for a day until night enveloped us and half of it passed. We arrived at a settlement of the Arab encampments, and he said to me: O ʿAmr, in this settlement is death. And he pointed to a tent in the settlement, saying: And in that tent is the red death. So either you hold my horse for me while I dismount and fetch what I need, or I hold your horse for you and you bring me what I need. I said: No, rather dismount, for you know best where your need lies. So he threw his horse's rein to me and dismounted, and I was content, by God, O Commander of the Faithful, to be a groom for him. Then he went on until he entered the tent and brought out from it a young woman the like of whom my eyes had never seen in beauty and comeliness. He placed her on a camel, then said to me: O ʿAmr. I said: At your service. He said: Either you protect me and I lead, or I protect you and you lead. I said: No, rather you protect me and I lead. So he threw me the halter of his camel, and we went before him while he was behind us, until when morning came he said to me: O ʿAmr. I said: At your service, what do you wish? He said: Turn and see if you see anyone. So I turned and said: I see camels. He said: Spur on the march. Then he said to me: O ʿAmr. I said: At your service. He said: Look, for if the people are few, then it is endurance and strength — and that is death; and if they are many, then they are nothing. He said: So I turned and said: They are four or five. He said: Spur on the march. So I did, and he heard the beat of hooves close by. He said to me: O ʿAmr, be on the right side of the road and halt, and turn the faces of our mounts toward the road. So I did, and I halted on the right side of the riding camel, and he halted on its left. The people drew near to us, and behold they were three men, among them an old man, and he was the father of the young woman, and her two brothers, young men. They greeted us, and we returned the greeting, and they halted on the left side of the road. The old man said: Leave the young woman, son of my brother. He said: I will not leave her, nor did I take her for that. So he said to the younger of his two sons: Go out to him. So he went out dragging his lance, and al-Ḥārith charged him while chanting rajaz, saying: Short of what you hope for is the dyeing of the spear — from a horseman who conceals himself, a fighter, Who traces his lineage to Shaybān, the best of the torrent — my journey toward her was not in vain. Then he charged him and thrust him with a thrust that shattered his backbone, and he fell dead. So the old man said to his other son: Go out to him, my son, for there is no good in life upon humiliation. So he went out to him, and al-Ḥārith came on chanting rajaz, saying: You have seen how my thrust was — and thrusting at the adversary is strong with my spirit, And death is better than parting from my beloved — so my killing today, and let there be no humiliation for me. Then he charged him and thrust him with a thrust from which he fell dead. So the old man said to him: Leave the woman in the howdah, son of my brother, for I am not like those you have seen. He said: I will not leave her, nor did I intend that. So the old man said: Choose, son of my brother; if you wish, I will exchange charges with you, and if you wish, I will dismount and fight you on foot. He said: So the young man seized the opportunity and said: Dismount and fight me. Then he dismounted, and the old man dismounted while chanting rajaz, saying: I do not hope at the end of my life — I will make the years like a month, An old man defending the white-skinned ones of the curtained litter — if the white-skinned ones are violated, the back is broken. You will see how my patience will be. Then al-Ḥārith came to him chanting rajaz, saying: After my departing and my long journey — and I have triumphed and healed my breast, And death is better than wearing treachery — and shame I gift to the tribe of Bakr. Then he drew near, and the old man said to him: Son of my brother, if you wish, I will strike you, and if strength remains in you, you strike me; and if you wish, strike me, and if strength remains in me, I strike you. So the young man seized the opportunity and said: I will begin first. He said: Bring it. So al-Ḥārith raised the sword, and when the old man saw that he had brought it down toward his head, he struck his belly with a blow that cut through his entrails, and al-Ḥārith's blow fell upon his head, and they both fell dead. So I took, O Commander of the Faithful, four horses and four swords. Then I came to the camel, and I led the reins of the horses one to another, and I began to lead them. The young woman said to me: O ʿAmr, to where? You are not a companion for me, nor are you like those you saw. Had you been my companion, you would have taken their path. I said: Be quiet. She said: If I am truthful, then give me a lance or a sword, for if you defeat me, then I am yours, and if I defeat you, I will kill you. So I said to her: I will not give you that, for I know your origin and the boldness of your people and their bravery. So she threw herself from the camel, then came to me while chanting rajaz, saying: After my old father and after my brothers — I seek a life after them in my pleasure? Would that my death had been before this. Then she reached for the lance and nearly snatched it from my hand. When I saw that from her, I feared that if she got the better of me she would kill me, so I killed her. So this is the hardest thing I have seen, O Commander of the Faithful. ʿUmar said: You have spoken truth. The scholars of the prophetic biography said: Al-Nuʿmān, Ṭulayḥa, and ʿAmr b. Maʿdīkarib were killed on the day of Nahāwand, and their graves are there. Some scholars said: ʿAmr b. Maʿdīkarib was buried in Rūdha, which is between Qumm and al-Rayy, and there he died. A woman mourned him, saying: The riders who departed left at Rūdha a figure — neither weak nor inexperienced, So say to Zubayd, nay to all of Madhḥij — you have lost Abū Thawr, your spearhead, ʿAmr. And if you grieve, that will not avail you — but ask the Merciful to grant you patience in return. It is said that he remained until the caliphate of ʿUthmān. It is said that he lived to the caliphate of Muʿāwiya, but the first is more sound. ʿAyyāsh b. [Abī] Rabīʿa b. al-Mughīra b. ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿUmar b. Makhzūm: His mother was Asmāʾ bt. Makhrama, the mother of Abū Jahl, so he was the maternal brother of Abū Jahl. He embraced Islam before the Messenger of God ﷺ entered the house of al-Arqam, and he emigrated to Abyssinia in the second emigration. Then he returned to Makkah, then emigrated to Madinah and accompanied ʿUmar b. al-Khaṭṭāb. When he alighted at Qubāʾ, his two maternal brothers, Abū Jahl and al-Ḥārith, the two sons of Hishām, came to him and did not cease with him until they brought him back to Makkah, where they bound him and imprisoned him. Then he escaped and came to Madinah, and he remained there. When the Messenger of God ﷺ passed away, he went out to Syria as a warrior, then returned to Makkah and died there, may God have mercy on him. Al-Nuʿmān b. ʿAmr b. Muqarrin b. ʿĀʾidh b. ʿAmr: He witnessed the Trench with the Prophet ﷺ along with six of his brothers: al-Nuʿmān, Suwayd, Sinān, Maʿqil, ʿAqīl, and ʿAbd al-Raḥmān. Al-Nuʿmān carried one of the three banners of Muzayna on the day of the conquest, and he was the commander of the people on the day of Nahāwand, with al-Ashʿath b. Qays on his right wing and al-Mughīra b. Shuʿba on his left wing. Al-Nuʿmān was the first slain on that day. Usayd b. Ḥuḍayr b. Simāk b. ʿAtīk b. Imriʾ al-Qays. His father was a nobleman in the Age of Ignorance, the chief of the Aws on the day of Buʿāth. Usayd after his father was a nobleman among his people, counted among those of intellect and judgment. He wrote in Arabic, excelled in swimming and archery, and in the Age of Ignorance they called whoever combined these qualities "the perfect one." He and Saʿd b. Muʿādh embraced Islam at the hands of Muṣʿab b. ʿUmayr on a single day. Usayd witnessed the last ʿAqaba with the seventy, and he was one of the twelve chiefs. He did not witness Badr because he did not think that fighting would take place. He witnessed Uḥud and stood firm that day with the Messenger of God ﷺ and was wounded with seven wounds. He witnessed the Trench and the battles after it. From Anas, who said: Usayd b. Ḥuḍayr and ʿAbbād b. Bishr were with the Messenger of God ﷺ on a dark, black night. They conversed with him until when they left, a staff shone for them, and they walked in its light. When the road parted them, each one's staff shone for him, and he walked in its light. Al-Bukhārī transmitted it. Usayd [b. Ḥuḍayr] died in Shaʿbān in this year, and ʿUmar prayed over him in al-Baqīʿ. Bilāl b. Rabāḥ, the client of Abū Bakr al-Ṣiddīq ؓ, whose kunya was Abū ʿAbd Allāh. He was one of the mawālī of al-Sarāt, and his mother's name was Ḥamāma. He was dark-skinned, very dark, thin, tall, with a bent back and thick lips, abundant hair, light beard, and had much gray hair that he did not dye. The scholars of the prophetic biography said: Bilāl witnessed Badr and all the battles with the Messenger of God ﷺ. The Messenger of God ﷺ ordered him, and he gave the call to prayer on the day of the conquest atop the Kaʿba, while al-Ḥārith b. Hishām and Ṣafwān b. Umayya were sitting. One said to the other: Look at this Abyssinian. The other said: If God hates him, He will change him. When the Messenger of God ﷺ died, Bilāl used to give the call to prayer, and when he said, "I bear witness that Muḥammad is the Messenger of God," the people sobbed. When the Messenger of God ﷺ was buried, Abū Bakr said to him: Give the call. He said to him: If you freed me only so that I might be with you, then that is your way; but if you freed me for God, then leave me to the One for whom you freed me. He said: I freed you only for God. He said: Then I will not give the call to prayer for anyone after the Messenger of God ﷺ. He said: That is up to you. He said: So he stayed until the expeditions to Syria set out, and he went with them. It is said that he stayed only during the life of Abū Bakr, and when ʿUmar took charge, he departed to Syria and died there in this year, at the age of some sixty-odd years. Khuwaylid b. Murra — Khuwaylid b. Murra, Abū Khirāsh al-Hudhalī: A glorious poet among the poets of Hudhayl. He lived through the Age of Ignorance and Islam and embraced Islam, and I have not seen anyone who mentioned him among the Companions. He lived after the Messenger of God ﷺ until he died in the caliphate of ʿUmar: a viper bit him and he died. When he ran, he outran horses. Al-Aṣmaʿī said: A man from Hudhayl told me: Abū Khirāsh al-Hudhalī entered Makkah, and al-Walīd b. al-Mughīra had two racehorses that he wanted to send in a race. He said to al-Walīd: What will you give me if I outrun them? He said: If you do that, they are yours. So they were sent, and he ran between them and outran them and took them. Zaynab bt. Jaḥsh: Zayd b. Ḥāritha married her, then divorced her, and the Messenger of God ﷺ married her in the year four. Because of her the verse of the veil was revealed. She used to boast over the women, saying: Your families married you off, but God married me from above seven heavens. When His saying, mighty and glorious, "We have given her to you in marriage" was revealed, the Messenger of God ﷺ entered upon her without permission. She used to work with her hands and give charity. From Barza bt. Rāfiʿ, who said: When the stipend came, ʿUmar ؓ sent to Zaynab bt. Jaḥsh what was due to her. When it was brought in to her, she said: May God forgive ʿUmar; others of my sisters were better able to divide this than I. They said: This is all for you. She said: Glory be to God. And she veiled herself from it with a cloth, saying: Pour it out and throw a cloth over it. She said to me: Put your hand in and take a handful, and take it to so-and-so and so-and-so among her orphans and her kin. So she divided it until a remainder was left. Barza said to her: May God forgive you; by God, we had a share in this. She said: Then yours is what is under the cloth. She said: So we lifted the cloth and found eighty-five dirhams. Then she raised her hands and said: O God, let no stipend of ʿUmar reach me after this year of mine. So she died [before the year's end]. From al-Zuhrī, from Sālim, from his father, who said: The Messenger of God ﷺ said while sitting with his wives: "The one among you with the longest arm is the quickest of you to join me." So they used to stretch out their arms to something; the Messenger of God ﷺ meant by that charity. Zaynab was a skillful woman, and she used to give charity from it, and she was the quickest of his wives to join him. From ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿĀmir b. Rabīʿa, who said: I saw ʿUmar b. al-Khaṭṭāb ؓ pray over Zaynab bt. Jaḥsh in the year twenty, on a summer day, and I saw a cloth spread over her grave while ʿUmar stood, and the prominent men among the Companions of the Messenger of God ﷺ stood. ʿUmar ordered Muḥammad b. ʿAbd Allāh b. Jaḥsh, Usāma b. Zayd, ʿAbd Allāh b. Abī Aḥmad b. Jaḥsh, and Muḥammad b. Ṭalḥa — who was her sister's son — and they descended into her grave. They said: She died at the age of fifty-three. 222 - Saʿīd b. ʿĀmir: Saʿīd b. ʿĀmir b. Ḥidhyam b. Salāmān. He embraced Islam before Khaybar and witnessed it with the Messenger of God ﷺ and what came after it. From ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. Sābiṭ, who said: ʿUmar sent for Saʿīd b. ʿĀmir and said: "We are appointing you over these people; you will lead them to the enemy's land and fight alongside them." Saʿīd said: "O ʿUmar, do not tempt me." ʿUmar said: "By God, I will not leave you alone. You placed it upon my neck and then abandoned me. I am only sending you over a people of whom you are not the best. I am not sending you to strike their skins or violate their honor, but to fight their enemy with them and divide [the spoils] among them." Saʿīd said: "Fear God, O ʿUmar. Love for the people of Islam what you love for yourself, urge the masses toward the truth wherever you know it, and do not fear the blame of any blamer for the sake of God." ʿUmar said: "Woe to you, O Saʿīd! Who can bear this?" Saʿīd said: "He upon whose neck God has placed the like of what He placed upon your neck. You only need to command and have your command obeyed, or to refrain and have the argument be yours." Then ʿUmar said: "We shall assign you a stipend." Saʿīd said: "I have been given what suffices me without it," meaning his allowance, "and I will not take anything more from the Muslims' wealth." He said: When his allowance came out, he would look at his family's sustenance of food and clothing and what set them aright, and set it aside. Then he would look at the remainder of it and give it as charity. His family would say: "Where is the rest of the money?" He would say: "I lent it." He said: A group of his people came to him and said: "If only your family did not have a right over you, and your in-laws did not have a right over you, and your people did not have a right over you." He said: "I do not begrudge them seeing the flash of their hands. I am not seeking or soliciting the pleasure of any person by my pursuit of the ḥūr al-ʿīn, one of whom, were she to look forth, the earth would shine for her as the sun shines. I am not one to appoint a successor after the first emancipation, since I heard the Messenger of God ﷺ say: 'The poor of the Muhājirūn will come, proceeding in rows as doves are led in procession.' He said: 'Then it will be said to them: "Stop for the reckoning." They will say: "By God, we left nothing to be reckoned." God, Mighty and Majestic, will say: "My servants have spoken truly." So they will enter Paradise [before the rest of mankind] by seventy years.'" From Khālid b. Maʿdān: He said: ʿUmar b. al-Khaṭṭāb appointed Saʿīd b. ʿĀmir b. Ḥidhyam over Ḥimṣ. When ʿUmar came to Ḥimṣ, he said: "O people of Ḥimṣ, how have you found your governor?" They complained about him. Ḥimṣ was called "the little Kūfa" because of their complaints against governors. They said: They complained of four things: He does not come out to us until the day is advanced. He said: "How great that is!" He said: "And what else?" They said: "He does not answer anyone at night." He said: "That too is grave." He said: "And what else?" They said: "He has one day in the month when he does not come out to us." He said: "That too is grave." He said: "And what else?" They said: "He is seized by a swoon between days," meaning a death-like faint takes him. He said: So ʿUmar brought them together with him and said: "O God, let no judgment be accepted against him today. What do you complain of regarding him?" They said: "He does not come out to us until the day is advanced." He said: "By God, I used to hate mentioning it. I have no servant for myself or my family, so I knead my dough, then I sit until it rises, then I bake my bread, then I perform ablution, then I go out to them." He said: "What do you complain of regarding him?" They said: "He does not answer anyone at night." He said: "What do they say?" He said: "I used to hate mentioning it. I made the day for them and the night for God, Mighty and Majestic." He said: "And what do you complain of regarding him?" They said: "He has one day in the month when he does not come out to us." He said: "What do they say?" He said: "I have no servant to wash my clothes, and I have no other clothes to change into. So I sit until they dry, then I rub them, then I go out to them at the end of the day." He said: "What do you complain of regarding him?" They said: "He is seized by a swoon between days." He said: "What do they say?" He said: "I witnessed the killing of Khubayb al-Anṣārī in Makkah, when Quraysh had cut his flesh into pieces, then they carried him upon a palm trunk. They said: 'Would you like Muḥammad to be in your place?' He said: 'By God, I would not like to be safe among my family and children while Muḥammad is pricked by a thorn.' Then he called out: 'O Muḥammad!' I never remember that day, and my failing to help him in that situation while I was a polytheist not believing in God the Almighty, except that I think God will never forgive me that sin. So that swoon seizes me." ʿUmar said: "Praise be to God who did not accept my suspicion." He sent him a thousand dinars and said: "Use them to help with your affairs." His wife said: "Praise be to God who has made us independent of your service." He said to her: "Would you like something better than that? We give it to someone who will bring it to us when we are most in need of it." She said: "Yes." So he called a man of his household whom he trusted, wrapped the dinars in packets, and said: "Go with these to the widow of the family of so-and-so, to the orphan of the family of so-and-so, to the poor of the family of so-and-so, and to the afflicted of the family of so-and-so." One gold piece remained. He said: "Spend this." Then he returned to his work. She said: "Will you not buy us a servant? What happened to that money?!" He said: "It will come to you when you are most in need." . ʿIyāḍ b. Ghanm ʿIyāḍ b. Ghanm b. Zuhayr al-Fihrī He attended al-Ḥudaybiyyah with the Messenger of God ﷺ, and was present at the conquest of al-Madāʾin with Saʿd b. Abī Waqqāṣ. He achieved many conquests in the lands of Syria and the regions of the Jazīrah. When Abū ʿUbaydah was dying in Syria, he appointed ʿIyāḍ b. Ghanm over his command, and ʿUmar b. al-Khaṭṭāb ؓ confirmed him. Saʿd sent him to the Jazīrah, and he encamped with his troops at al-Ruhā. Its people made peace with him on payment of the jizyah, and Ḥarrān made peace when al-Ruhā did. Thus the conquest of the Jazīrah, al-Ruhā, Ḥarrān, and al-Raqqah was at his hands in the year eighteen. He wrote a document for them. He was generous, and it was said to ʿUmar: "He squanders money." ʿUmar said: "His liberality is with his own wealth. When it comes to God's wealth, he gives none of it. I will not remove one whom Abū ʿUbaydah appointed." From al-Zubayr b. Bakkār, who said: ʿIyāḍ b. Ghanm was noble, and he had conquests in the regions of the Jazīrah in the time of ʿUmar. He was the first to cross the mountain pass into the land of the Byzantines. From Mūsā b. ʿUqbah, who said: When ʿIyāḍ b. Ghanm became governor, some of his household came to him seeking his kinship gifts. He met them with cheerfulness, lodged them, and honored them. They stayed for some days, then they spoke to him about the gifts, and told him of the hardship they had met in travel hoping for his gift. He gave each man among them ten dinars, and they were five. They returned them and were displeased, and spoke ill of him. He said: "O sons of my uncle, by God, I do not deny your kinship or your right or the distance of your journey. But, by God, I only obtained what I gave you by selling my servant and selling what I cannot do without. So excuse me." They said: "By God, may God not excuse you! You are governor of half of Syria, and you give a man among us what barely gets him back to his family." He said: "Would you have me steal God's wealth? By God, if I were sawn with a saw, that would be dearer to me than to betray a single fals or to transgress." They said: "We excuse you concerning your own wealth. Appoint us to some of your offices, so that we may render what people render to you, and obtain some of the benefit they obtain. You know our condition, and that we would not exceed what you assign us." He said: "By God, I know you for virtue and goodness, but if ʿUmar learns that I appointed a group of my own people, he will blame me." They said: "Abū ʿUbaydah appointed you, and you are as close to him in kinship as you are; ʿUmar ratified that. If you appointed us, he would ratify it too." He said: "I am not to ʿUmar as Abū ʿUbaydah was." So they went away blaming him. He died having no wealth and owing no debt to anyone, in the year [twenty], at the age of sixty. Mālik b. al-Tayyihān Mālik b. al-Tayyihān, Abū al-Haytham He used to hate idols in the Jāhiliyyah and profess monotheism, he and Asʿad b. Zurārah. He was one of the first of the Anṣār who met the Messenger of God ﷺ in Makkah to accept Islam. Then he attended al-ʿAqabah with the seventy, and he was one of the twelve nuqabāʾ. He fought at Badr and all the battles with the Messenger of God ﷺ, and the Messenger of God ﷺ sent him to Khaybar as an assessor of dates. Heraclius, king of the Byzantines He died in al-Madīnah in this year. 225 - Heraclius, king of the Byzantines His reports and the correspondence of the Messenger ﷺ with him have preceded, and other matters. He died in this year, and his son Constantine succeeded him. Umm Waraqah bt. al-Ḥārith 226 - Umm Waraqah bt. al-Ḥārith She accepted Islam and gave allegiance to the Messenger of God ﷺ. She had collected the Qurʾān, and the Prophet ﷺ commanded her to lead the people of her house in prayer, and she used to lead them. From al-Walīd b. Jamīʿ, who said: My grandmother narrated to me from her mother, Umm Waraqah bt. ʿAbd Allāh b. al-Ḥārith al-Anṣāriyyah—the Messenger of God ﷺ used to visit her and called her "the martyr." She had collected the Qurʾān, and when the Messenger of God ﷺ went on the expedition of Badr, she said to him: "Give me permission to go out with you and tend your wounded and nurse your sick; perhaps God will grant me martyrdom." He said: "God, Mighty and Majestic, has prepared martyrdom for you." Then a slave girl and a slave boy of hers, whom she had set free after her death, attacked her and killed her during the governorship of ʿUmar ؓ. ʿUmar said: "The Messenger of God ﷺ spoke the truth. He used to say: 'Come with us to visit the martyr.'" Jiʿāl b. Surāqah al-Ḍamrī He is also called Juʿayl. The Prophet ﷺ changed his name and called him ʿUmar. He was ugly and ill-favored in appearance, but he was a righteous man. He accepted Islam early and fought at Uḥud and the battles after it. The Messenger of God ﷺ sent him as a bearer of good tidings to al-Madīnah about their safety in the expedition of Dhāt al-Riqāʿ. When the Messenger of God ﷺ divided the spoils of Ḥunayn, Saʿd b. Abī Waqqāṣ said: "O Messenger of God, you gave to al-Aqraʿ and ʿUyaynah, and you left Juʿayl?!" He said: "By Him in whose hand is my soul, Juʿayl is better than an earthful of the like of ʿUyaynah and al-Aqraʿ. But I sought to win them over so that they might submit, and I entrusted Juʿayl b. Surāqah to his Islam." Ḥumamah From Muḥammad b. Saʿd, who said: Ḥumayd b. ʿAbd al-Raḥmān said: There was a man called Ḥumamah among the companions of the Messenger of God ﷺ. He went out to Iṣbahān as a warrior, and it was conquered during the caliphate of ʿUmar. He said: "O God, Ḥumamah claims that he loves to meet You. If he is truthful, then confirm him in his truthfulness; and if he is lying, then impose it upon him even if he dislikes it. O God, do not turn Ḥumamah back from this journey of his." He died at Iṣbahān. Abū Mūsā stood up and said: "Indeed, by God, we have not heard from your Prophet, and our knowledge has not reached, except that Ḥumamah is a martyr. May God have mercy on him." Khālid b. al-Walīd b. al-Mughīrah b. ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿUmar b. Makhzūm, Abū Sulaymān, ؓ His mother was ʿAṣmāʾ, who is Lubābah al-Ṣughrā bt. al-Ḥārith b. Ḥarb, sister of Umm al-Faḍl bt. al-Ḥārith b. ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib, mother of the sons of al-ʿAbbās b. ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib ؓ. The scholars of sīrah said: Khālid b. al-Walīd entered on the day of the conquest from al-Layṭ, and he found a group of Quraysh preventing his entry, so he fought them. The Messenger of God ﷺ said: "Did I not forbid fighting?" It was said: "Khālid was fought, so he fought." The Messenger of God ﷺ said: "God's decree is better." Khālid went out with the Messenger of God ﷺ to Ḥunayn and to Tabūk. Then he sent him to Ukaydir of Dūmah, and he went out with him on the Farewell Pilgrimage. When the Messenger of God ﷺ shaved his head, he gave him his forelock, and it was in the front of his cap. He never met anyone but he routed him. The Messenger of God ﷺ named him "the Sword of God." He was brave, and he used to say: "I do not know from which of my two days I flee: from a day on which God wills to grant me martyrdom, or from a day on which He wills to grant me honor." From Sālim, who said: ʿUmar performed the pilgrimage, and Khālid fell ill after him while he was leaving al-Madīnah to visit his mother. He said to her: "Take me down to my place of emigration." She brought him to al-Madīnah and nursed him. When his condition worsened and ʿUmar's return approached, a man met ʿUmar at a distance of three days' journey, coming back from his pilgrimage. ʿUmar said to him: "What news?" He said: "Khālid b. al-Walīd is gravely ill." So ʿUmar traveled three days' journey in one night, and reached him when he had just died. He felt compassion for him and said, "We belong to God," and sat at his door until he was prepared for burial. The women mourned him, and it was said to ʿUmar: "Do you not hear?! Will you not forbid them?" He said: "What harm is it for Quraysh to weep for Abū Sulaymān, as long as there is no naqʿ or laqlaqah—naqʿ is slapping the cheeks; laqlaqah is raising the voice." When his bier was brought out, ʿUmar saw a woman with her waist wrapped, weeping for him and saying: You are better than a thousand thousand of mankind when the faces of men are cast down. Are you brave? You are braver than a lion of a grim thicket, father of cubs. Are you generous? You are more generous than a flood of Diyās flowing between the mountains. ʿUmar said: "Who is this?" It was said: "His mother." He said: "His mother, by God"—three times—"Have women ever stood for the like of Khālid?" ʿUmar used to recite the following verses during his folding up of those three days' journey in one night, and after he arrived: You weep for what you gave to drinking companions, but you do not weep for horsemen like mountains. Those, if you weep, are a greater loss than the gold and the noble steeds. After them a people wished to reach their extent, but they did not come near the means of perfection. This report indicates that he died in al-Madīnah. Al-Wāqidī said: He died in Ḥimṣ and was buried in a village one mile from Ḥimṣ. They said: He bequeathed to ʿUmar, and the will was brought to him and he accepted it. From ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. Abī al-Zinād: When death came to Khālid b. al-Walīd, he wept and said: "I have faced such-and-such a number of battles, and there is no span of my body without a blow of a sword, a shot of an arrow, or a thrust of a spear. Yet here I am dying on my bed a natural death, as a donkey dies. May the eyes of cowards never sleep." ʿUwaym b. al-Ḥārith b. Zayd b. Ḥārithah b. al-Jadd b. ʿAjlān He fought at Uḥud with the Messenger of God ﷺ. When he returned from Tabūk, he accused his wife of adultery with Sharīk b. Saḥmāʾ. The Messenger of God ﷺ conducted the liʿān between them in his mosque after the afternoon prayer, while they stood near the pulpit. That was in Shaʿbān of the year nine. When she gave birth, the child resembled Sharīk b. Saḥmāʾ more than anyone else. ʿUwaym's people had blamed him for what he said, but when they saw the resemblance to Sharīk, they excused him. The child lived two years then died, and its mother lived a short while after it. Sharīk was thereafter in a bad state among the people. Sharīk also fought at Uḥud. Abān b. Saʿīd b. al-ʿĀṣ b. Umayyah al-Umawī, Abū al-Walīd al-Makkī, a noble companion. He was the one who granted protection to ʿUthmān b. ʿAffān on the day of al-Ḥudaybiyyah until he entered Makkah to deliver the message of the Messenger of God ﷺ. He accepted Islam after the return of his two brothers from Abyssinia, Khālid and ʿAmr; they called him to Islam and he answered them. They traveled and found that the Messenger of God ﷺ had conquered Khaybar. The Messenger of God ﷺ appointed him in the year nine over al-Baḥrayn, and he was killed at Ajnādayn. Anasah, the freedman of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ: The well-known opinion is that he was killed at Badr, as mentioned by al-Bukhārī and others. Al-Wāqidī claimed, in what he transmitted from the people of knowledge, that he witnessed Uḥud and that he remained for a time after that. He said: Ibn Abī al-Zinād narrated to me, from Muḥammad b. Yūsuf, that Anasah died during the caliphate of Abū Bakr al-Ṣiddīq, and his kunyah was Abū Masrūḥ. Al-Zuhrī said: He used to ask permission for people to enter upon the Prophet ﷺ. Tamīm b. al-Ḥārith b. Qays al-Sahmī and his brother Saʿīd were two noble Companions who emigrated to Abyssinia and were both killed at Ajnādayn. Al-Ḥārith b. Aws b. ʿAtīk, one of the emigrants to Abyssinia, was killed at Ajnādayn. Khālid b. Saʿīd b. al-ʿĀṣ al-Umawī was among the earliest forerunners, one of those who emigrated to Abyssinia and stayed there for more than ten years. It is said that he was in charge of Ṣanʿāʾ on behalf of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, and al-Ṣiddīq appointed him over some of the conquests as previously mentioned. He was killed on the day of Marj al-Ṣuffar in one account; and it is also said that he fled, and al-Ṣiddīq did not permit him to enter Madinah as a rebuke to him, so he stayed for a month in some of its outskirts until he was granted permission. It is said that the one who killed him later embraced Islam and said: 'When I killed him, I saw a brilliant light ascending to the sky.' ؓ Ḍirār b. al-Azwar al-Asadī was one of the renowned horsemen and famous champions. He had witnessed positions and praiseworthy conduct. ʿUrwah and Mūsā b. ʿUqbah mentioned that he was killed at Ajnādayn. He has a ḥadīth about the desirability of leaving some milk in the udder when milking. Ṭulayb b. ʿUmayr b. Wahb b. Kathīr b. ʿAbd b. Quṣayy al-Qurashī al-ʿAbdī, his mother was Arwā bt. ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib, the paternal aunt of the Prophet ﷺ. He embraced Islam early and emigrated to Abyssinia in the second emigration, and he witnessed Badr. This was said by Ibn Isḥāq, al-Wāqidī, and al-Zubayr b. Bakkār. It is said that he was the first to strike a polytheist. That was because Abū Jahl insulted the Prophet ﷺ, so Ṭulayb struck him with the jawbone of a camel and wounded him. Ṭulayb was martyred at Ajnādayn after he had grown old. ؓ ʿAbd Allāh b. al-Zubayr b. ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib b. Hāshim al-Qurashī al-Hāshimī, the cousin of the Prophet ﷺ, was one of the mentioned champions and famous brave men. He was killed on the day of Ajnādayn after he had killed ten of the Byzantines in single combat, all of them leaders and heroes. He was then a little over thirty years old. ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿAmr al-Dawsī was killed at Ajnādayn. This man is not well known. ʿUthmān b. Ṭalḥah al-ʿAbdarī al-Ḥajabī: It is said that he was killed at Ajnādayn. The correct view is that he remained until after the year forty. ʿAttāb b. Asīd b. Abī al-ʿĪṣ b. Umayyah al-Umawī, Abū ʿAbd al-Raḥmān, governor of Makkah as deputy of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. He appointed him over it in the year of the conquest when he was twenty years old, and he led the people in Ḥajj that year. Abū Bakr afterward appointed him as his deputy over it, upon him be peace and blessings. His death occurred in Makkah; it is said on the day Abū Bakr died. ؓ He has one ḥadīth, narrated by the authors of the four Sunan. ʿIkrimah b. Abī Jahl ʿAmr b. Hishām b. al-Mughīrah b. ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿUmar b. Makhzūm, Abū ʿUthmān al-Qurashī al-Makhzūmī, was one of the chiefs of the Jāhiliyyah like his father, then he embraced Islam in the year of the conquest after he had fled, then he returned to the truth. Al-Ṣiddīq appointed him over ʿUmān when they apostatized, and he overcame them, as previously mentioned. Then he went to Syria and was commander over some of the squadrons. It is said that no sin is known of him after he embraced Islam. He used to kiss the muṣḥaf and weep, saying: 'The word of my Lord, the word of my Lord.' Imām Aḥmad used this as evidence for the permissibility and legality of kissing the muṣḥaf. Al-Shāfiʿī said: 'ʿIkrimah was praiseworthy in his tribulations in Islam.' ʿUrwah said: He was killed at Ajnādayn. Others said: At al-Yarmūk, after he was found with over seventy wounds between blows and thrusts. ؓ Nuʿaym b. ʿAbd Allāh al-Naḥḥām, one of the Banū ʿAdī, embraced Islam early before ʿUmar, but was not able to emigrate until after al-Ḥudaybiyyah; that was because he was kind to his relatives, so Quraysh said to him: 'Stay with us upon whatever religion you wish, for by Allah no one will harm you except that we will give our lives for you.' He was martyred on the day of Ajnādayn, and it is also said: On the day of al-Yarmūk. ؓ Habbār b. al-Aswad b. Asad, Abū al-Aswad al-Qurashī al-Asadī, this man had struck the camel of Zaynab, the daughter of the Prophet ﷺ, on the day she left Makkah until she miscarried. Then he embraced Islam afterward and his Islam became good. He was killed at Ajnādayn. ؓ Habbār b. Sufyān b. ʿAbd al-Asad al-Makhzūmī, the nephew of Abū Salamah, embraced Islam early and emigrated to Abyssinia. He was martyred on the day of Ajnādayn according to the sound view, and it is also said: He was killed on the day of Muʾtah. And Allah knows best. Hishām b. al-ʿĀṣ b. Wāʾil al-Sahmī, the brother of ʿAmr b. al-ʿĀṣ. Al-Tirmidhī narrated that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: 'The two sons of al-ʿĀṣ are believers.' Hishām embraced Islam before ʿAmr and emigrated to Abyssinia. When he returned from there, he was detained in Makkah, then he emigrated after the Battle of the Trench. Al-Ṣiddīq sent him to the king of Byzantium, and he was one of the horsemen. He was killed at Ajnādayn, and it is also said: At al-Yarmūk. The former is more correct. And Allah knows best. ʿUtbah b. Ghazwān b. Jābir b. Wuhayb al-Māzinī, an ally of the Banū ʿAbd Shams, was a Companion who witnessed Badr. He embraced Islam early after a year and emigrated to the land of Abyssinia. He was the first to lay out Baṣrah by order of ʿUmar, and his governorship over it was as previously mentioned. He had virtues and merits. He died in the year fourteen, and it is said: in the year fifteen, and it is said: in the year seventeen, and it is said: in the year twenty. Allah knows best. He was over fifty, and it is said he reached sixty years. ؓ ʿAmr b. Umm Maktūm the blind, it is also said his name was ʿAbd Allāh, was a Companion and an emigrant. He emigrated after Muṣʿab b. ʿUmayr, before the Prophet ﷺ, and he used to teach the people the Qurʾān. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ appointed him as his deputy over Madinah more than once; it is said thirteen times. He witnessed al-Qādisiyyah with Saʿd during the time of ʿUmar. It is said that he was martyred there, and it is said that he returned to Madinah and died there. Allah knows best. Al-Muthannā b. Ḥārithah b. Salamah b. Ḍamḍam b. Saʿd b. Murrah b. Dhuhl b. Shaybān al-Shaybānī, the deputy of Khālid over Iraq, and he was the one to whom command passed after Abū ʿUbayd on the day of the Bridge. He managed the Muslims until he delivered them from the Persians that day, and he was one of the heroic horsemen. He was the one who rode to al-Ṣiddīq and urged him to raid Iraq. When he died, Saʿd b. Abī Waqqāṣ married his wife Salmā bt. Ḥafṣ. ؓ ؓ. Ibn al-Athīr mentioned him in his book 'Al-Ghābah fī Asmāʾ al-Ṣaḥābah.' Abū Zayd al-Anṣārī al-Najjārī was one of the four reciters from the Anṣār who had memorized the Qurʾān during the time of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, as established in the ḥadīth of Anas b. Mālik. They are: Muʿādh b. Jabal, Ubayy b. Kaʿb, Zayd b. Thābit, and Abū Zayd. Anas said: 'One of my uncles.' Al-Kalbī said: The name of this Abū Zayd is Qays b. al-Sakan b. Qays b. Zaʿūrāʾ b. Ḥarām b. Jundub b. Ghanm b. ʿAdī b. al-Najjār. He witnessed Badr. Mūsā b. ʿUqbah said: He was martyred on the day of the Bridge of Abū ʿUbayd, which he dates to the year fourteen. Some people say: Abū Zayd who compiled the Qurʾān was Saʿd b. ʿUbayd. They rejected this with the narration of Qatādah from Anas b. Mālik, who said: The Aws and Khazraj boasted. The Aws said: 'From us is the one washed by the angels, Ḥanẓalah b. Abī ʿĀmir; from us is the one protected by the bees, ʿĀṣim b. Thābit b. Abī al-Aqlaḥ; from us is the one for whom the Throne of the Merciful shook, Saʿd b. Muʿādh; and from us is the one whose testimony was made equal to the testimony of two men, Khuzaymah b. Thābit.' The Khazraj said: 'From us are four who compiled the Qurʾān during the time of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ: Ubayy, Zayd b. Thābit, Muʿādh, and Abū Zayd.' ؓ ؓ. Abū ʿUbayd b. Masʿūd b. ʿAmr al-Thaqafī, the father of al-Mukhtār b. Abī ʿUbayd, governor of Iraq, and the father of Ṣafiyyah, the wife of ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿUmar. Abū ʿUbayd embraced Islam during the lifetime of the Prophet ﷺ, and Shaykh Abū ʿUmar b. ʿAbd al-Barr mentioned him among the Companions. Our shaykh, the ḥāfiẓ Abū ʿAbd Allāh al-Dhahabī, said: It is not unlikely that he has a narration. And Allah knows best. Hind bt. ʿUtbah b. Rabīʿah b. ʿAbd Shams b. Umayyah al-Umawiyyah, the mother of Muʿāwiyah b. Abī Sufyān, was one of the leading women of Quraysh, possessing judgment, shrewdness, and leadership among her people. She witnessed the day of Uḥud with her husband and incited the killing of Muslims that day. When Ḥamzah was killed, she mutilated him and took a piece of his liver and chewed it but could not swallow it, because he had killed her father and brother on the day of Badr. Then after all that she embraced Islam, and her Islam became good, in the year of the conquest, one night after her husband. When she wanted to go to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ to pledge allegiance, she asked Abū Sufyān for permission. He said to her: 'Yesterday you were denying this matter.' She said: 'By Allah, I have not seen Allah truly worshipped in this mosque before this night. By Allah, they spent their entire night praying in it.' He said to her: 'You have done what you have done, so do not go alone.' She went to ʿUthmān b. ʿAffān—and it is said: to her brother Abū Ḥudhayfah b. ʿUtbah—and he went with her. She entered veiled. When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ took her pledge along with other women, he said: 'On the condition that you do not associate anything with Allah, do not steal, do not commit adultery.' She said: 'Does a free woman commit adultery?' He said: 'And do not kill your children.' She said: 'We raised them when they were young, and you killed them when they were grown.' The Messenger of Allah ﷺ smiled. He said: 'And do not bring slander that you fabricate between your hands and feet, and do not disobey me.' She hastened and said: 'In what is right.' He said: 'In what is right.' This is from her eloquence and resoluteness. She said to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ: 'By Allah, O Muḥammad, there was no people of a tent on the face of the earth more beloved to me to be humiliated than the people of your tent. By Allah, today there is no people of a tent on the face of the earth more beloved to me to be honored than the people of your tent.' He said: 'And likewise, by the One in whose hand is my soul.' She complained about Abū Sufyān's stinginess, and he ordered her to take what sufficed her and her children in a reasonable manner. Her story with al-Fākih b. al-Mughīrah is well known. She witnessed al-Yarmūk with her husband and died on the day Abū Quḥāfah died, in the year fourteen. Ubayy b. Kaʿb, the master of the reciters, is Ubayy b. Kaʿb b. Qays b. ʿUbayd b. Zayd b. Muʿāwiyah b. ʿAmr b. Mālik b. al-Najjār, Abū al-Mundhir and Abū al-Ṭufayl, al-Anṣārī al-Najjārī, the master of the reciters. He witnessed al-ʿAqabah and Badr and what followed them, and he was a noble chief of great stature. He is one of the four Khazrajī reciters who compiled the Qurʾān during the lifetime of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. He once said to ʿUmar: 'I received the Qurʾān from one who received it from Jibrīl while it was fresh.' In the Musnad, al-Nasāʾī, and Ibn Mājah, through the path of Abū Qilābah, from Anas, as a marfūʿ ḥadīth: 'The most reciting of my Ummah is Ubayy b. Kaʿb.' In the Ṣaḥīḥ, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said to him: 'Allah has commanded me to recite the Qurʾān to you.' He said: 'And did He name me to you?' He said: 'Yes,' so his eyes shed tears. We have discussed this in the commentary on Sūrat al-Bayyinah. Al-Haytham b. ʿAdī said: Ubayy died in the year nineteen. Yaḥyā b. Maʿīn said: In the year nineteen or twenty. Al-Wāqidī, from more than one, said: He died in the year twenty-two, and this was also said by Abū ʿUbayd, Ibn Numayr, and a group. Al-Fallās and Khalīfah said: He died during the caliphate of ʿUthmān b. ʿAffān. ؓ Khabbāb, the freedman of ʿUtbah b. Ghazwān, was one of the emigrants. He witnessed Badr and what followed, and he was a Companion of the forerunners. ʿUmar prayed over him. Ṣafiyyah bt. ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib, the paternal aunt of the Messenger ﷺ, was the mother of al-Zubayr b. al-ʿAwwām. She was the full sister of Ḥamzah, al-Muqawwam, and Ḥajl; their mother was Hālah bt. Wuhayb b. ʿAbd Manāf b. Zuhrah. There is no disagreement about her Islam. She was present on the day of Uḥud and grieved greatly for her brother Ḥamzah. On the day of the Trench, she killed a man from the Jews who came and began circling the fortress she was in, which was the fortress of Ḥassān. She said to Ḥassān: 'Come down and kill him.' He refused, so she went down to him and killed him, then said: 'Come down and strip him, for were it not that he is a man, I would have stripped him myself.' He said: 'I have no need of him.' She was the first woman to kill a man from the polytheists. There is disagreement about the Islam of the Prophet's ﷺ other paternal aunts. It is said: Arwā and ʿĀtikah embraced Islam. Ibn al-Athīr and our shaykh, the ḥāfiẓ Abū ʿAbd Allāh al-Dhahabī, said: The correct view is that none of them embraced Islam except her. She first married al-Ḥārith b. Ḥarb b. Umayyah, then al-ʿAwwām b. Khuwaylid married her after him, and she bore him al-Zubayr and ʿAbd al-Kaʿbah. It is said: Al-ʿAwwām married her as a virgin. The correct view is the former. She died in Madinah in the year twenty at the age of seventy-three and was buried in al-Baqīʿ. ؓ

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