Tarikh (al-Tabari) 1974
The caliphate of ʿUmar b. al-Khaṭṭāb
قِصَّةِ الشُّورَى قَالَ عُمَرُو بْنُ مَيْمُونَ الْأَوْدِيُّ: إِنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ لَمَّا طُعِنَ قِيلَ لَهُ: يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ لَوِ اسْتَخْلَفْتَ. فَقَالَ: لَوْ كَانَ أَبُو عُبَيْدَةَ حَيًّا لَاسْتَخْلَفْتُهُ وَقُلْتُ لِرَبِّي إِنْ سَأَلَنِي: سَمِعْتُ نَبِيَّكَ يَقُولُ: " إِنَّهُ أَمِينُ هَذِهِ الْأُمَّةِ ". وَلَوْ كَانَ سَالِمٌ مَوْلَى أَبِي حُذَيْفَةَ حَيًّا لَاسْتَخْلَفْتُهُ وَقُلْتُ لِرَبِّي إِنْ سَأَلَنِي: سَمِعْتُ نَبِيَّكَ يَقُولُ: " إِنَّ سَالِمًا شَدِيدُ الْحُبِّ لِلَّهِ تَعَالَى ". فَقَالَ لَهُ رَجُلٌ: أَدُلُّكَ عَلَى عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ فَقَالَ: قَاتَلَكَ اللَّهُ، وَاللَّهِ مَا أَرَدْتَ اللَّهَ بِهَذَا ! وَيْحَكَ ! كَيْفَ أَسْتَخْلِفُ رَجُلًا عَجَزَ عَنْ طَلَاقِ امْرَأَتِهِ ؟ لَا أَرَبَ لَنَا فِي أُمُورِكُمْ، فَمَا حَمِدْتُهَا فَأَرْغَبَ فِيهَا لِأَحَدٍ مِنْ أَهْلِ بَيْتِي، إِنْ كَانَ خَيْرًا فَقَدْ أَصَبْنَا مِنْهُ، وَإِنْ كَانَ شَرًّا فَقَدْ صُرِفَ عَنَّا، بِحَسْبِ آلِ عُمَرَ أَنْ يُحَاسَبَ مِنْهُمْ رَجُلٌ وَاحِدٌ، وَيُسْأَلَ عَنْ أَمْرِ أُمَّةِ مُحَمَّدٍ، أَمَا لَقَدْ جَهَدْتُ نَفْسِي وَحَرَمْتُ أَهْلِي، وَإِنْ نَجَوْتُ كِفَافًا لَا وِزْرَ وَلَا أَجْرَ إِنِّي لَسَعِيدٌ، وَأَنْظُرُ فَإِنْ أَسْتَخْلِفْ فَقَدِ اسْتَخْلَفَ مَنْ هُوَ خَيْرٌ مِنِّي، وَإِنْ أَتْرُكْ فَقَدْ تَرَكَ مَنْ هُوَ خَيْرٌ مِنِّي، وَلَنْ يُضَيِّعَ اللَّهُ دِينَهُ. فَخَرَجُوا ثُمَّ رَاحُوا فَقَالُوا: يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، لَوْ عَهِدْتَ عَهْدًا. فَقَالَ: قَدْ كُنْتُ أَجْمَعْتُ بَعْدَ مَقَالَتِي أَنْ أَنْظُرَ، فَأُوَلِّيَ رَجُلًا أَمْرَكُمْ هُوَ أَحْرَاكُمْ أَنْ يَحْمِلَكُمْ عَلَى الْحَقِّ وَأَشَارَ إِلَى عَلِيٍّ، فَرَهِقَتْنِي غَشْيَةٌ، فَرَأَيْتُ رَجُلًا دَخَلَ جَنَّةً فَجَعَلَ يَقْطِفُ كُلَّ غَضَّةٍ وَيَانِعَةٍ فَيَضُمُّهُ إِلَيْهِ وَيُصَيِّرُهُ تَحْتَهُ، فَعَلِمْتُ أَنَّ اللَّهَ غَالِبٌ عَلَى أَمْرِهِ، فَمَا أَرَدْتُ أَنْ أَتَحَمَّلَهَا حَيًّا وَمَيِّتًا، عَلَيْكُمْ هَؤُلَاءِ الرَّهْطَ الَّذِينَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: " إِنَّهُمْ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْجَنَّةِ "، وَهُمْ عَلِيٌّ، وَعُثْمَانُ، وَعَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ، وَسَعْدٌ، وَالزُّبَيْرُ بْنُ الْعَوَّامِ، وَطَلْحَةُ بْنُ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ، فَلْيَخْتَارُوا مِنْهُمْ رَجُلًا، فَإِذَا وَلَّوْا وَالِيًا فَأَحْسِنُوا مُوَازَرَتَهُ وَأَعِينُوهُ. فَخَرَجُوا، فَقَالَ الْعَبَّاسُ لِعَلِيٍّ: لَا تَدْخُلْ مَعَهُمْ، قَالَ: إِنِّي أَكْرَهُ الْخِلَافَ. قَالَ: إِذَنْ تَرَى مَا تَكْرَهُ. فَلَمَّا أَصْبَحَ عُمَرُ دَعَا عَلِيًّا، وَعُثْمَانَ، وَسَعْدًا، وَعَبْدَ الرَّحْمَنِ، وَالزُّبَيْرَ، فَقَالَ لَهُمْ: إِنِّي نَظَرْتُ فَوَجَدْتُكُمْ رُؤَسَاءَ النَّاسِ وَقَادَتَهُمْ، وَلَا يَكُونُ هَذَا الْأَمْرُ إِلَّا فِيكُمْ، وَقَدْ قُبِضَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَهُوَ عَنْكُمْ رَاضٍ، وَإِنِّي لَا أَخَافُ النَّاسَ عَلَيْكُمْ إِنِ اسْتَقَمْتُمْ وَلَكِنِّي أَخَافُكُمْ فِيمَا بَيْنَكُمْ، فَيَخْتَلِفُ النَّاسُ، فَانْهَضُوا إِلَى حُجْرَةِ عَائِشَةَ بِإِذْنِهَا فَتَشَاوَرُوا فِيهَا. وَوَضَعَ رَأْسَهُ وَقَدْ نَزَفَهُ الدَّمُ. فَدَخَلُوا فَتَنَاجَوْا حَتَّى ارْتَفَعَتْ أَصْوَاتُهُمْ، فَقَالَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ: سُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ ! إِنَّ أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ لَمْ يَمُتْ بَعْدُ. فَسَمِعَهُ عُمَرُ فَانْتَبَهَ وَقَالَ: [ أَلَا ] أَعْرِضُوا عَنْ هَذَا، فَإِذَا مِتُّ فَتَشَاوَرُوا ثَلَاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ، وَلْيُصَلِّ بِالنَّاسِ صُهَيْبٌ، وَلَا يَأْتِينَّ الْيَوْمُ الرَّابِعُ إِلَّا وَعَلَيْكُمْ أَمِيرٌ مِنْكُمْ، وَيَحْضُرُ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ مُشِيرًا، وَلَا شَيْءَ لَهُ مِنَ الْأَمْرِ، -كَهَيْئَةِ التَّعْزِيَةِ [لَهُ]- وَطَلْحَةُ شَرِيكُكُمْ فِي الْأَمْرِ، فَإِنْ قَدِمَ فِي الْأَيَّامِ الثَّلَاثَةِ فَأَحْضِرُوهُ أَمْرَكُمْ، وَإِنْ مَضَتِ الْأَيَّامُ الثَّلَاثَةُ قَبْلَ قُدُومِهِ فَأَمْضُوا أَمْرَكُمْ، وَمَنْ لِي بِطَلْحَةَ ؟ فَقَالَ سَعْدُ بْنُ أَبِي وَقَّاصٍ: أَنَا لَكَ بِهِ وَلَا يُخَالِفُ - إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى -. فَقَالَ عُمَرُ: أَرْجُو أَنْ لَا يُخَالِفَ - إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ -، وَمَا أَظُنُّ يَلِي إِلَّا أَحَدُ هَذَيْنِ الرَّجُلَيْنِ: عَلِيٍّ أَوْ عُثْمَانَ، فَإِنْ وَلِيَ عُثْمَانُ فَرَجُلٌ فِيهِ لِينٌ، وَإِنْ وَلِيَ عَلِيٌّ فَفِيهِ دُعَابَةٌ، وَأَحْرَى بِهِ أَنْ يَحْمِلَهُمْ عَلَى طَرِيقِ الْحَقِّ، وَإِنْ تُوَلُّوا سَعْدًا فَأَهْلُهُ هُوَ، وَإِلَّا فَلْيَسْتَعِنْ بِهِ الْوَالِي، فَإِنِّي لَمْ أَعْزِلْهُ عَنْ ضَعْفٍ وَلَا خِيَانَةٍ، وَنِعْمَ ذُو الرَّأْيِ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ عَوْفٍ، فَاسْمَعُوا مِنْهُ وَأَطِيعُوا. وَقَالَ لِأَبِي طَلْحَةَ الْأَنْصَارِيِّ: يَا أَبَا طَلْحَةَ، إِنَّ اللَّهَ طَالَمَا أَعَزَّ بِكُمُ الْإِسْلَامَ فَاخْتَرْ خَمْسِينَ رَجُلًا مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ فَاسْتَحِثَّ هَؤُلَاءِ الرَّهْطَ حَتَّى يَخْتَارُوا رَجُلًا مِنْهُمْ. وَقَالَ لِلْمِقْدَادِ بْنِ الْأَسْوَدِ: إِذَا وَضَعْتُمُونِي فِي حُفْرَتِي فَاجْمَعْ هَؤُلَاءِ الرَّهْطَ فِي بَيْتٍ حَتَّى يَخْتَارُوا رَجُلًا. وَقَالَ لِصُهَيْبٍ: صَلِّ بِالنَّاسِ ثَلَاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ، وَأَدْخِلْ هَؤُلَاءِ الرَّهْطَ بَيْتًا وَقُمْ عَلَى رُءُوسِهِمْ، فَإِنِ اجْتَمَعَ خَمْسَةٌ وَأَبَى وَاحِدٌ فَاشْدَخْ رَأْسَهُ بِالسَّيْفِ، وَإِنِ اتَّفَقَ أَرْبَعَةٌ وَأَبَى اثْنَانِ فَاضْرِبْ رُءُوسَهُمَا، وَإِنْ رَضِيَ ثَلَاثَةٌ رَجُلًا وَثَلَاثَةٌ رَجُلًا فَحَكِّمُوا عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ عُمَرَ، فَإِنْ لَمْ يَرْضَوْا بِحُكْمِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ فَكُونُوا مَعَ الَّذِينَ فِيهِمْ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ عَوْفٍ، وَاقْتُلُوا الْبَاقِينَ إِنْ رَغِبُوا عَمَّا اجْتَمَعَ فِيهِ النَّاسُ. فَخَرَجُوا، فَقَالَ عَلِيٌّ لِقَوْمٍ مَعَهُ مِنْ بَنِي هَاشِمٍ: إِنْ أُطِيعَ فِيكُمْ قَوْمُكُمْ لَمْ تُؤَمَّرُوا أَبَدًا، وَتَلَقَّاهُ عَمُّهُ الْعَبَّاسُ فَقَالَ: عَدَلْتَ عَنَّا ! فَقَالَ: وَمَا عِلْمُكَ ؟ قَالَ: قُرُّنَّ بَنِي عُثْمَانَ، وَقَالَ: كُونُوا مَعَ الْأَكْثَرِ، فَإِنْ رَضِيَ رَجُلَانِ رَجُلًا وَرَجُلَانِ رَجُلًا فَكُونُوا مَعَ الَّذِينَ فِيهِمْ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ، فَسَعْدٌ لَا يُخَالِفُ ابْنَ عَمِّهِ، وَعَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ صِهْرُ عُثْمَانَ لَا يَخْتَلِفُونَ فَيُوَلِّيهَا أَحَدُهُمَا الْآخَرَ، فَلَوْ كَانَ الْآخَرَانِ مَعِي لَمْ يَنْفَعَانِي. فَقَالَ لَهُ الْعَبَّاسُ: لَمْ أَرْفَعْكَ فِي شَيْءٍ إِلَّا رَجَعْتَ إِلَيَّ مُسْتَأْخِرًا لِمَا أَكْرَهُ، أَشَرْتُ عَلَيْكَ عِنْدَ وَفَاةِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَنْ تَسْأَلَهُ فِيمَنْ هَذَا الْأَمْرُ فَأَبَيْتَ، فَأَشَرْتُ عَلَيْكَ بَعْدَ وَفَاتِهِ أَنْ تُعَاجِلَ الْأَمْرَ فَأَبَيْتَ، وَأَشَرْتُ عَلَيْكَ حِينَ سَمَّاكَ عُمَرُ فِي الشُّورَى أَنْ لَا تَدْخُلَ مَعَهُمْ فَأَبَيْتَ، احْفَظْ عَنِّي وَاحِدَةً: كُلَّمَا عَرَضَ عَلَيْكَ الْقَوْمُ فَقُلْ: لَا، إِلَّا أَنْ يُوَلُّوكَ، وَاحْذَرْ هَؤُلَاءِ الرَّهْطَ فَإِنَّهُمْ لَا يَبْرَحُونَ يَدْفَعُونَنَا عَنْ هَذَا الْأَمْرِ حَتَّى يَقُومَ بِهِ لَنَا غَيْرُنَا، وَايْمُ اللَّهِ لَا يَنَالُهُ إِلَّا بَشَرٌ لَا يَنْفَعُ مَعَهُ خَيْرٌ ! فَقَالَ عَلِيٌّ: أَمَا لَئِنْ بَقِيَ عُثْمَانُ لَأُذَكِّرَنَّهُ مَا أَتَى، وَلَئِنْ مَاتَ لَيَتَدَاوَلُنَّهَا بَيْنَهُمْ، وَلَئِنْ فَعَلُوا لَتَجِدَنِّي حَيْثُ يَكْرَهُونَ، ثُمَّ تَمَثَّلَ: حَلَفْتُ بِرَبِّ الرَّاقِصَاتِ عَشِيَّةً غَدَوْنَ خِفَافًا فَابْتَدَرْنَ الْمُحَصَّبَا لَيَخْتَلِيَنْ رَهْطُ ابْنِ يَعْمَرَ قَارِنًا نَجِيعًا بَنُو الشُّدَّاخِ وِرْدًا مُصَلَّبًا وَالْتَفَتَ فَرَأَى أَبَا طَلْحَةَ فَكَرِهَ مَكَانَهُ، فَقَالَ أَبُو طَلْحَةَ: لَنْ تُرَاعَ أَبَا الْحَسَنِ. اجتماع أهل الشورى بعد وفاة عمر فَلَمَّا مَاتَ عُمَرُ وَأُخْرِجَتْ جِنَازَتُهُ صَلَّى عَلَيْهِ صُهيْبٌ، فَلَمَّا دُفِنَ عُمَرُ جَمَعَ الْمِقْدَادُ أَهْلَ الشُّورَى فِي بَيْتِ الْمِسْوَرِ بْنِ مَخْرَمَةَ، وَقِيلَ: فِي بَيْتِ الْمَالِ، وَقِيلَ: فِي حُجْرَةِ عَائِشَةَ بِإِذْنِهَا، وَطَلْحَةُ غَائِبٌ، وَأَمَرُوا أَبَا طَلْحَةَ أَنْ يَحْجُبَهُمْ، وَجَاءَ عَمْرُو بْنُ الْعَاصِ وَالْمُغِيرَةُ بْنُ شُعْبَةَ فَجَلَسَا بِالْبَابِ، فَحَصَبَهُمَا سَعْدٌ وَأَقَامَهُمَا وَقَالَ: تُرِيدَانِ أَنْ تَقُولَا: حَضَرْنَا وَكُنَّا فِي أَهْلِ الشُّورَى ! فَتَنَافَسَ الْقَوْمُ فِي الْأَمْرِ، وَكَثُرَ فِيهِمُ الْكَلَامُ، فَقَالَ أَبُو طَلْحَةَ: أَنَا كُنْتُ لَأَنْ تَدْفَعُوهَا أَخْوَفَ مِنِّي لَأَنْ تَتَنَافَسُوهَا، وَالَّذِي ذَهَبَ بِنَفْسِ عُمَرَ لَا أَزِيدُكُمْ عَلَى الْأَيَّامِ الثَّلَاثَةِ الَّتِي أَمَرَ، ثُمَّ أَجْلِسُ فِي بَيْتِي فَأَنْظُرُ مَا تَصْنَعُونَ ! فَقَالَ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ: أَيُّكُمْ يُخْرِجُ مِنْهَا نَفْسَهُ وَيَتَقَلَّدُهَا عَلَى أَنْ يُوَلِّيَهَا أَفْضَلَكُمْ ؟ فَلَمْ يُجِبْهُ أَحَدٌ. فَقَالَ: فَأَنَا أَنْخَلِعُ مِنْهَا. فَقَالَ عُثْمَانُ: أَنَا أَوَّلُ مَنْ رَضِيَ. فَقَالَ الْقَوْمُ: قَدْ رَضِينَا. وَعَلِيٌّ سَاكِتٌ. فَقَالَ: مَا تَقُولُ يَا أَبَا الْحَسَنِ ؟ قَالَ: أَعْطِنِي مَوْثِقًا لَتُؤْثِرَنَّ الْحَقَّ وَلَا تَتَّبِعِ الْهَوَى وَلَا تَخُصَّ ذَا رَحِمٍ وَلَا تَأْلُو الْأُمَّةَ نُصْحًا. فَقَالَ: أَعْطُونِي مَوَاثِيقَكُمْ عَلَى أَنْ تَكُونُوا مَعِيَ عَلَى مَنْ بَدَّلَ وَغَيَّرَ وَأَنْ تَرْضَوْا مَنِ اخْتَرْتُ لَكُمْ، وَعَلَيَّ مِيثَاقُ اللَّهِ أَنْ لَا أَخُصَّ ذَا رَحِمٍ لِرَحِمِهِ وَلَا آلُو الْمُسْلِمِينَ، فَأَخَذَ مِنْهُمْ مِيثَاقًا وَأَعْطَاهُمْ مِثْلَهُ، فَقَالَ لِعَلِيٍّ: تَقُولُ إِنِّي أَحَقُّ مَنْ حَضَرَ بِهَذَا الْأَمْرِ ; لِقَرَابَتِكَ وَسَابِقَتِكَ وَحُسْنِ أَثَرِكَ فِي الدِّينِ وَلَمْ تُبْعِدْ، وَلَكِنْ أَرَأَيْتَ لَوْ صُرِفَ هَذَا الْأَمْرُ عَنْكَ، فَلَمْ تَحْضُرْ، مَنْ كُنْتَ تَرَى مِنْ هَؤُلَاءِ الرَّهْطِ أَحَقَّ بِهِ ؟ قَالَ: عُثْمَانُ. وَخَلَا بِعُثْمَانَ فَقَالَ: تَقُولُ شَيْخٌ مِنْ بَنِي عَبْدِ مَنَافٍ، وَصِهْرُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَابْنُ عَمِّهِ، وَلِي سَابِقَةٌ وَفَضْلٌ، فَأَيْنَ يُصْرَفُ هَذَا الْأَمْرُ عَنِّي ؟ وَلَكِنْ لَوْ لَمْ تَحْضُرْ؛ أَيَّ هَؤُلَاءِ الرَّهْطِ تَرَاهُ أَحَقَّ بِهِ ؟ قَالَ: عَلِيٌّ. وَلَقِيَ عَلِيٌّ سَعْدًا فَقَالَ لَهُ: ( اتَّقُوا اللَّهَ الَّذِي تَسَاءَلُونَ بِهِ وَالْأَرْحَامَ )، أَسْأَلُكَ بِرَحِمِ ابْنِي هَذَا مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَبِرَحِمِ عَمِّي حَمْزَةَ مِنْكَ أَنْ تَكُونَ مَعَ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ لِعُثْمَانَ ظَهِيرًا. وَدَارَ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ لَيَالِيَهُ يَلْقَى أَصْحَابَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَمَنْ وَافَى الْمَدِينَةَ مِنْ أُمَرَاءِ الْأَجْنَادِ وَأَشْرَافِ النَّاسِ يُشَاوِرُهُمْ، حَتَّى إِذَا كَانَ اللَّيْلَةُ الَّتِي صَبِيحَتُهَا تَسْتَكْمِلُ الْأَجَلَ، أَتَى مَنْزِلَ الْمِسْوَرِ بْنِ مَخْرَمَةَ، فَأَيْقَظَهُ وَقَالَ لَهُ: لَمْ أَذُقْ فِي هَذِهِ اللَّيْلَةِ كَبِيرَ غَمْضٍ، انْطَلِقْ فَادْعُ الزُّبَيْرَ وَسَعْدًا. فَدَعَاهُمَا. فَبَدَأَ بِالزُّبَيْرِ فَقَالَ لَهُ: خَلِّ بَنِي عَبْدِ مَنَافٍ وَهَذَا الْأَمْرَ. قَالَ: نَصِيبِي لِعَلِيٍّ. وَقَالَ لِسَعْدٍ: اجْعَلْ نَصِيبَكَ لِي. فَقَالَ: إِنِ اخْتَرْتَ نَفْسَكَ فَنَعَمْ، وَإِنِ اخْتَرْتَ عُثْمَانَ فَعَلِيٌّ أَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ، أَيُّهَا الرَّجُلُ، بَايِعْ لِنَفْسِكَ وَأَرِحْنَا وَارْفَعْ رُءُوسَنَا. فَقَالَ لَهُ: قَدْ خَلَعْتُ نَفْسِي عَلَى أَنْ أَخْتَارَ، وَلَوْ لَمْ أَفْعَلْ لَمْ أَرُدَّهَا، إِنِّي رَأَيْتُ رَوْضَةً خَضْرَاءَ كَثِيرَةَ الْعُشْبِ، فَدَخَلَ فَحْلٌ مَا رَأَيْتُ أَكْرَمَ مِنْهُ فَمَرَّ كَأَنَّهُ سَهْمٌ، لَمْ يَلْتَفِتْ إِلَى شَيْءٍ مِنْهَا حَتَّى قَطَعَهَا لَمْ يُعَرِّجْ، وَدَخَلَ بَعِيرٌ يَتْلُوهُ فَاتَّبَعَ أَثَرَهُ حَتَّى خَرَجَ مِنْهَا، ثُمَّ دَخَلَ فَحْلٌ عَبْقَرِيٌّ يَجُرُّ خِطَامَهُ، وَمَضَى قَصْدَ الْأَوَّلَيْنِ، ثُمَّ دَخَلَ بَعِيرٌ رَابِعٌ فَرَتَعَ فِي الرَّوْضَةِ، وَلَا وَاللَّهِ لَا أَكُونُ الرَّابِعَ وَلَا يَقُومُ مَقَامَ أَبِي بَكْرٍ وَعُمَرَ بَعْدَهُمَا أَحَدٌ فَيَرْضَى النَّاسُ عَنْهُ. قَالَ: وَأَرْسَلَ الْمِسْوَرَ فَاسْتَدْعَى عَلِيًّا، فَنَاجَاهُ طَوِيلًا وَهُوَ لَا يَشُكُّ أَنَّهُ صَاحِبُ الْأَمْرِ، ثُمَّ نَهَضَ، ثُمَّ أَرْسَلَ إِلَى عُثْمَانَ فَتَنَاجَيَا حَتَّى فَرَّقَ بَيْنَهُمَا الصُّبْحُ. قَالَ عَمْرُو بْنُ مَيْمُونٍ: قَالَ لِي عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ: مَنْ أَخْبَرَكَ أَنَّهُ يَعْلَمُ مَا كَلَّمَ بِهِ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ عَوْفٍ عَلِيًّا وَعُثْمَانَ، فَقَدْ قَالَ بِغَيْرِ عِلْمٍ، فَوَقَعَ قَضَاءُ رَبِّكَ عَلَى عُثْمَانَ. فَلَمَّا صَلَّوُا الصُّبْحَ جَمَعَ الرَّهْطَ، وَبَعَثَ إِلَى مَنْ حَضَرَهُ مِنَ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ وَأَهْلِ السَّابِقَةِ وَالْفَضْلِ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ، وَإِلَى أُمَرَاءِ الْأَجْنَادِ فَاجْتَمَعُوا حَتَّى الْتَجَّ الْمَسْجِدُ بِأَهْلِهِ، فَقَالَ: أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ، إِنَّ النَّاسَ قَدْ أَجْمَعُوا أَنْ يَرْجِعَ أَهْلُ الْأَمْصَارِ إِلَى أَمْصَارِهِمْ، فَأَشِيرُوا عَلَيَّ. فَقَالَ عَمَّارٌ: إِنْ أَرَدْتَ أَنْ لَا يَخْتَلِفَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ فَبَايِعْ عَلِيًّا. فَقَالَ الْمِقْدَادُ بْنُ الْأَسْوَدِ: صَدَقَ عَمَّارٌ، إِنْ بَايَعْتَ عَلِيًّا قُلْنَا: سَمِعْنَا وَأَطَعْنَا. قَالَ ابْنُ أَبِي سَرْحٍ: إِنْ أَرَدْتَ أَنْ لَا تَخْتَلِفَ قُرَيْشٌ فَبَايِعْ عُثْمَانَ. فَقَالَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ أَبِي رَبِيعَةَ: صَدَقْتَ إِنْ بَايَعْتَ عُثْمَانَ قُلْنَا: سَمِعْنَا وَأَطَعْنَا. فَشَتَمَ عَمَّارٌ ابْنَ أَبِي سَرْحٍ وَقَالَ: مَتَى كُنْتَ تَنْصَحُ الْمُسْلِمِينَ ؟ فَتَكَلَّمَ بَنُو هَاشِمٍ وَبَنُو أُمَيَّةَ فَقَالَ عَمَّارٌ: أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ، إِنَّ اللَّهَ أَكْرَمَنَا بِنَبِيِّهِ وَأَعَزَّنَا بِدِينِهِ فَأَنَّى تَصْرِفُونَ هَذَا الْأَمْرَ عَنْ أَهْلِ بَيْتِ نَبِيِّكُمْ ؟ فَقَالَ رَجُلٌ مِنْ بَنِي مَخْزُومٍ: لَقَدْ عَدَوْتَ طَوْرَكَ يَا ابْنَ سُمَيَّةَ، وَمَا أَنْتَ وَتَأْمِيرُ قُرَيْشٍ لِأَنْفُسِهَا ! فَقَالَ سَعْدُ بْنُ أَبِي وَقَّاصٍ: يَا عَبْدَ الرَّحْمَنِ، افْرُغْ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُفْتَنَ النَّاسُ. فَقَالَ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ: إِنِّي قَدْ نَظَرْتُ وَشَاوَرْتُ، فَلَا تَجْعَلُنَّ أَيُّهَا الرَّهْطُ عَلَى أَنْفُسِكُمْ سَبِيلًا، وَدَعَا عَلِيًّا وَقَالَ: عَلَيْكَ عَهْدُ اللَّهِ وَمِيثَاقُهُ لَتَعْمَلَنَّ بِكِتَابِ اللَّهِ وَسُنَّةِ رَسُولِهِ وَسِيرَةِ الْخَلِيفَتَيْنِ مِنْ بَعْدِهِ. قَالَ: أَرْجُو أَنْ أَفْعَلَ فَأَعْمَلَ بِمَبْلَغِ عِلْمِي وَطَاقَتِي، وَدَعَا عُثْمَانَ فَقَالَ لَهُ مِثْلَ مَا قَالَ لِعَلِيٍّ، فَقَالَ: نَعَمْ نَعْمَلُ. فَرَفَعَ رَأْسَهُ إِلَى سَقْفِ الْمَسْجِدِ وَيَدُهُ فِي يَدِ عُثْمَانَ فَقَالَ: اللَّهُمَّ اسْمَعْ وَاشْهَدْ. اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي قَدْ جَعَلْتُ مَا فِي رَقَبَتِي مِنْ ذَلِكَ فِي رَقَبَةِ عُثْمَانَ، فَبَايَعَهُ. فَقَالَ عَلِيٌّ: لَيْسَ هَذَا أَوَّلَ يَوْمٍ تَظَاهَرْتُمْ فِيهِ عَلَيْنَا، ( فَصَبْرٌ جَمِيلٌ وَاللَّهُ الْمُسْتَعَانُ عَلَى مَا تَصِفُونَ )، وَاللَّهِ مَا وَلَّيْتَ عُثْمَانَ إِلَّا لِيُرَدَّ الْأَمْرُ إِلَيْكَ، وَاللَّهُ كُلَّ يَوْمٍ فِي شَأْنٍ ! فَقَالَ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ: يَا عَلِيُّ، لَا تَجْعَلْ عَلَى نَفْسِكَ حُجَّةً وَسَبِيلًا. فَخَرَجَ عَلِيٌّ وَهُوَ يَقُولُ: سَيَبْلُغُ الْكِتَابُ أَجَلَهُ. فَقَالَ الْمِقْدَادُ: يَا عَبْدَ الرَّحْمَنِ، أَمَا وَاللَّهِ لَقَدْ تَرَكْتَهُ وَإِنَّهُ مِنَ الَّذِينَ يَقْضُونَ بِالْحَقِّ وَبِهِ يَعْدِلُونَ. فَقَالَ: يَا مِقْدَادُ، وَاللَّهِ لَقَدِ اجْتَهَدْتُ لِلْمُسْلِمِينَ. قَالَ: إِنْ كُنْتَ أَرَدْتَ اللَّهَ فَأَثَابَكَ اللَّهُ ثَوَابَ الْمُحْسِنِينَ. فَقَالَ الْمِقْدَادُ: مَا رَأَيْتُ مِثْلَ مَا أَتَى إِلَى أَهْلِ هَذَا الْبَيْتِ بَعْدَ نَبِيِّهِمْ، إِنِّي لَأَعْجَبُ مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ أَنَّهُمْ تَرَكُوا رَجُلًا مَا أَقُولُ وَلَا أَعْلَمُ أَنَّ رَجُلًا أَقْضَى بِالْعَدْلِ وَلَا أَعْلَمَ مِنْهُ، أَمَا وَاللَّهِ لَوْ أَجِدُ أَعْوَانًا عَلَيْهِ ! فَقَالَ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ: يَا مِقْدَادُ اتَّقِ اللَّهَ فَإِنِّي خَائِفٌ عَلَيْكَ الْفِتْنَةَ. فَقَالَ رَجُلٌ لِلْمِقْدَادِ: رَحِمَكَ اللَّهُ، مَنْ أَهْلُ هَذَا الْبَيْتِ وَمَنْ هَذَا الرَّجُلُ ؟ قَالَ: أَهْلُ الْبَيْتِ بَنُو عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ، وَالرَّجُلُ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ. فَقَالَ عَلِيٌّ: إِنَّ النَّاسَ يَنْظُرُونَ إِلَى قُرَيْشٍ وَقُرَيْشٌ تَنْظُرُ بَيْنَهَا فَتَقُولُ: إِنْ وَلِيَ عَلَيْكُمْ بَنُو هَاشِمٍ لَمْ تَخْرُجْ مِنْهُمْ أَبَدًا، وَمَا كَانَتْ فِي غَيْرِهِمْ تَدَاوَلْتُمُوهَا بَيْنَكُمْ. وَقَدِمَ طَلْحَةُ فِي الْيَوْمِ الَّذِي بُويِعَ فِيهِ لِعُثْمَانَ فَقِيلَ لَهُ: بَايَعُوا لِعُثْمَانَ. فَقَالَ: كُلُّ قُرَيْشٍ رَاضٍ بِهِ ؟ قَالُوا: نَعَمْ. فَأَتَى عُثْمَانَ، فَقَالَ لَهُ عُثْمَانُ: أَنْتَ عَلَى رَأْسِ أَمْرِكَ وَإِنْ أَبَيْتَ رَدَدْتُهَا. قَالَ: أَتَرُدُّهَا ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ. قَالَ: أَكُلُّ النَّاسِ بَايَعُوكَ ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ. قَالَ: قَدْ رَضِيتُ لَا أَرْغَبُ عَمَّا أَجْمَعُوا عَلَيْهِ. وَبَايَعَهُ. وَقَالَ الْمُغِيرَةُ بْنُ شُعْبَةَ لِعَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ: يَا أَبَا مُحَمَّدٍ قَدْ أَصَبْتَ أَنْ بَايَعْتَ عُثْمَانَ. وَقَالَ لِعُثْمَانَ: وَلَوْ بَايَعَ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ غَيْرَكَ مَا رَضِينَا. فَقَالَ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ: كَذَبْتَ يَا أَعْوَرُ، لَوْ بَايَعْتُ غَيْرَهُ لَبَايَعْتَهُ، وَلَقُلْتَ هَذِهِ الْمَقَالَةَ. قَالَ: وَكَانَ الْمِسْوَرُ يَقُولُ: مَا رَأَيْتُ أَحَدًا بَذَّ قَوْمًا فِيمَا دَخَلُوا فِيهِ بِمِثْلِ مَا بَذَّهُمْ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ. قُلْتُ: قَوْلُهُ: إِنَّ عَبْدَ الرَّحْمَنِ صِهْرُ عُثْمَانَ، يَعْنِي: عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ تَزَوَّجَ أُمَّ كُلْثُومٍ بِنْتَ عُقْبَةَ بْنِ أَبِي مُعَيْطٍ، وَهِيَ أُخْتُ عُثْمَانَ لِأُمِّهِ، خَلَفَ عَلَيْهَا عُقْبَةُ بَعْدَ عُثْمَانَ. رواية أخرى في الشورى بعد وفاة عمر بن الخطاب ؓ وَقَدْ ذَكَرَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ رِوَايَةً أُخْرَى فِي الشُّورَى عَنِ الْمِسْوَرِ بْنِ مَخْرَمَةَ، وَهِيَ تَمَامُ حَدِيثِ مَقْتَلِ عُمَرَ، وَقَدْ تَقَدَّمَ، وَالَّذِي ذَكَرَهُ هَاهُنَا قَرِيبٌ مِنَ الَّذِي تَقَدَّمَ آنِفَا، غَيْرَ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: لَمَّا دُفِنَ عُمَرُ جَمَعَهُمْ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ وَخَطَبَهُمْ وَأَمَرَهُمْ بِالِاجْتِمَاعِ وَتَرْكِ التَّفَرُّقِ، فَتَكَلَّمَ عُثْمَانُ فَقَالَ: الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ الَّذِي اتَّخَذَ مُحَمَّدًا نَبِيًّا، وَبَعَثَهُ رَسُولًا، وَصَدَقَهُ وَعْدَهُ، وَوَهَبَ لَهُ نَصْرَهُ عَلَى كُلِّ مَنْ بَعُدَ نَسَبًا أَوْ قَرُبَ رَحِمًا، ﷺ، جَعَلَنَا اللَّهُ لَهُ تَابِعِينَ، وَبِأَمْرِهِ مُهْتَدِينَ، فَهُوَ لَنَا نُورٌ، وَنَحْنُ بِأَمْرِهِ نَقُومُ عِنْدَ تَفَرُّقِ الْأَهْوَاءِ وَمُجَادَلَةِ الْأَعْدَاءِ، جَعَلَنَا اللَّهُ بِفَضْلِهِ أَئِمَّةً، وَبِطَاعَتِهِ أُمَرَاءَ، لَا يَخْرُجُ أَمْرُنَا مِنَّا، وَلَا يَدْخُلُ عَلَيْنَا غَيْرُنَا، إِلَّا مَنْ سَفِهَ الْحَقَّ، وَنَكَلَ عَنِ الْقَصْدِ، وَأَحْرِ بِهَا يَا ابْنَ عَوْفٍ أَنْ تُتْرَكَ، وَأَجْدِرِ بِهَا أَنْ تَكُونَ إِنْ خُولِفَ أَمْرُكَ وَتُرِكَ دُعَاؤُكَ، فَأَنَا أَوَّلُ مُجِيبٍ لَكَ وَدَاعٍ إِلَيْكَ وَكَفِيلٌ بِمَا أَقُولُ زَعِيمٌ، وَأَسْتَغْفِرُ اللَّهَ لِي وَلَكُمْ. ثُمَّ تَكَلَّمَ الزُّبَيْرُ بَعْدَهُ فَقَالَ: أَمَّا بَعْدُ فَإِنَّ دَاعِيَ اللَّهِ لَا يُجْهَلُ، وَمُجِيبَهُ لَا يُخْذَلُ عِنْدَ تَفَرُّقِ الْأَهْوَاءِ وَلَيِّ الْأَعْنَاقِ، وَلَنْ يُقَصِّرَ عَمَّا قُلْتُ إِلَّا غَوِيٌّ، وَلَنْ يَتْرُكَ مَا دَعَوْتُ إِلَيْهِ إِلَّا شَقِيٌّ، وَلَوْلَا حُدُودٌ لِلَّهِ فُرِضَتْ، وَفَرَائِضُ لِلَّهِ حُدَّتْ، تُرَاحُ عَلَى أَهْلِهَا وَتَحْيَا وَلَا تَمُوتُ، لَكَانَ الْمَوْتُ مِنَ الْإِمَارَةِ نَجَاةً، وَالْفِرَارُ مِنَ الْوِلَايَةِ عِصْمَةً، وَلَكِنْ لِلَّهِ عَلَيْنَا إِجَابَةُ الدَّعْوَةِ وَإِظْهَارُ السُّنَّةِ، لِئَلَّا نَمُوتَ مَوْتَةً عِمِّيَّةً، وَلَا نَعْمَى عَمَى الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ، فَأَنَا مُجِيبُكَ إِلَى مَا دَعَوْتَ، وَمُعِينُكَ عَلَى مَا أَمَرْتَ، وَلَا حَوْلَ وَلَا قُوَّةَ إِلَّا بِاللَّهِ، وَأَسْتَغْفِرُ اللَّهَ لِي وَلَكُمْ. ثُمَّ تَكَلَّمَ سَعْدٌ فَقَالَ بَعْدَ حَمْدِ اللَّهِ: وَبِمُحَمَّدٍ ﷺ، أَنَارَتِ الطُّرُقُ وَاسْتَقَامَتِ السُّبُلُ، وَظَهَرَ كُلُّ حَقٍّ، وَمَاتَ كُلُّ بَاطِلٍ، إِيَّاكُمْ أَيُّهَا النَّفَرُ وَقَوْلَ الزُّورِ، وَأُمْنِيَةَ أَهْلِ الْغُرُورِ، وَقَدْ سَلَبَتِ الْأَمَانِيُّ قَوْمًا قَبْلَكُمْ، وَرِثُوا مَا وَرِثْتُمْ وَنَالُوا مَا نِلْتُمْ فَاتَّخَذَهُمُ اللَّهُ عَدُوًّا، وَلَعَنَهُمْ لَعْنًا كَبِيرًا. قَالَ اللَّهُ - تَعَالَى -: ( لُعِنَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا مِنْ بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ ) إِلَى قَوْلِهِ: ( لَبِئْسَ مَا كَانُوا يَفْعَلُونَ )، إِنِّي نَكَبْتُ قَرْنِي وَأَخَذْتُ سَهْمِي الْفَالِجَ وَأَخَذْتُ لِطَلْحَةَ بْنِ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ مَا ارْتَضَيْتُ لِنَفْسِي، فَأَنَا بِهِ كَفِيلٌ وَبِمَا أَعْطَيْتُ عَنْهُ زَعِيمٌ، وَالْأَمْرُ إِلَيْكَ يَا ابْنَ عَوْفٍ بِجُهْدِ النَّفْسِ وَقَصْدِ النُّصْحِ، وَعَلَى اللَّهِ قَصْدُ السَّبِيلِ، وَإِلَيْهِ الرُّجُوعُ، وَأَسْتَغْفِرُ اللَّهَ لِي وَلَكُمْ، وَأَعُوذُ بِاللَّهِ مِنْ مُخَالَفَتِكُمْ. ثُمَّ تَكَلَّمَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ فَقَالَ: الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ الَّذِي بَعَثَ مُحَمَّدًا مِنَّا نَبِيًّا، وَبَعَثَهُ إِلَيْنَا رَسُولًا، فَنَحْنُ بَيْتُ النُّبُوَّةِ، وَمَعْدِنُ الْحِكْمَةِ، وَأَمَانُ أَهْلِ الْأَرْضِ، وَنَجَاةٌ لِمَنْ طَلَبَ، لَنَا حَقٌّ إِنْ نُعْطَهُ نَأْخُذْهُ، وَإِنْ نُمْنَعْهُ نَرْكَبْ أَعْجَازَ الْإِبِلِ وَلَوْ طَالَ السُّرَى، لَوْ عَهِدَ إِلَيْنَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَهْدًا لَأَنْفَذْنَا عَهْدَهُ، وَلَوْ قَالَ لَنَا قَوْلًا لَجَادَلْنَا عَلَيْهِ حَتَّى نَمُوتَ، لَنْ يُسْرِعَ أَحَدٌ قَبْلِي إِلَى دَعْوَةِ حَقٍّ وَصِلَةِ رَحِمٍ، لَا حَوْلَ وَلَا قُوَّةَ إِلَّا بِاللَّهِ، اسْمَعُوا كَلَامِي وَعُوا مَنْطِقِي، عَسَى أَنْ تَرَوْا ( هَذَا الْأَمْرَ ) بَعْدَ هَذَا الْمَجْمَعِ تُنْتَضَى فِيهِ السُّيُوفُ، وَتُخَانُ فِيهِ الْعُهُودُ، حَتَّى تَكُونُوا جَمَاعَةً، وَيَكُونَ بَعْضُكُمْ أَئِمَّةً لِأَهْلِ الضَّلَالَةِ وَشِيعَةً لِأَهْلِ الْجَهَالَةِ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: فَإِنْ تَكُ جَاسِمٌ هَلَكَتْ فَإِنِّي بِمَا فَعَلَتْ بَنُو عَبْدِ بْنِ ضَجْمِ مُطِيعٌ فِي الْهَوَاجِرِ كُلَّ غَيٍّ بَصِيرٌ بِالنَّوَى مِنْ كُلِّ نَجْمِ فَقَالَ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ: أَيُّكُمْ يَطِيبُ نَفْسًا أَنْ يُخْرِجَ نَفْسَهُ مِنْ هَذَا الْأَمْرِ ؟ وَذَكَرَ قَرِيبًا مِمَّا تَقَدَّمَ. ثُمَّ جَلَسَ عُثْمَانُ فِي جَانِبِ الْمَسْجِدِ بَعْدَ بَيْعَتِهِ، وَدَعَا عُبَيْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ، وَكَانَ قَتَلَ [ قَاتِلَ ] أَبِيهِ أَبَا لُؤْلُؤَةَ، وَقَتَلَ جُفَيْنَةَ رَجُلًا نَصْرَانِيًّا مِنْ أَهْلِ الْحِيرَةِ، كَانَ ظَهِيرًا لِسَعْدِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، وَقَتَلَ الْهُرْمُزَانَ، فَلَمَّا ضَرَبَهُ بِالسَّيْفِ قَالَ: لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ ! فَلَمَّا قَتَلَ هَؤُلَاءِ أَخَذَهُ سَعْدُ بْنُ أَبِي وَقَّاصٍ وَحَبَسَهُ فِي دَارِهِ وَأَخَذَ سَيْفَهُ وَأَحْضَرَهُ عِنْدَ عُثْمَانَ، وَكَانَ عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ يَقُولُ: وَاللَّهِ لَأَقْتُلَنَّ رِجَالًا مِمَّنْ شَرَكَ فِي دَمِ أَبِي، يُعَرِّضُ بِالْمُهَاجِرِينَ وَالْأَنْصَارِ، وَإِنَّمَا قَتَلَ هَؤُلَاءِ النَّفَرَ لِأَنَّ عَبْدَ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنَ أَبِي بَكْرٍ قَالَ غَدَاةَ قُتِلَ عُمَرُ: رَأَيْتُ عَشِيَّةَ أَمْسِ الْهُرْمُزَانَ وَأَبَا لُؤْلُؤَةَ وَجُفَيْنَةَ وَهُمْ يَتَنَاجَوْنَ، فَلَمَّا رَأَوْنِي ثَارُوا وَسَقَطَ مِنْهُمْ خِنْجَرٌ لَهُ رَأْسَانِ نِصَابُهُ فِي وَسَطِهِ، وَهُوَ الْخِنْجَرُ الَّذِي ضُرِبَ بِهِ عُمَرُ، فَقَتَلَهُمْ عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ. فَلَمَّا أَحْضَرَهُ عُثْمَانُ قَالَ: أَشِيرُوا عَلَيَّ فِي هَذَا الرَّجُلِ الَّذِي فَتَقَ فِي الْإِسْلَامِ مَا فَتَقَ ! فَقَالَ عَلِيٌّ: أَرَى أَنْ تَقْتُلَهُ. فَقَالَ بَعْضُ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ: قُتِلَ عُمَرُ أَمْسِ وَيُقْتَلُ ابْنُهُ الْيَوْمَ ! فَقَالَ عَمْرُو بْنُ الْعَاصِ: إِنَّ اللَّهَ قَدْ أَعْفَاكَ أَنْ يَكُونَ هَذَا الْحَدَثُ وَلَكَ عَلَى الْمُسْلِمِينَ سُلْطَانٌ. فَقَالَ عُثْمَانُ: أَنَا وَلِيُّهُ، وَقَدْ جَعَلْتُهَا دِيَةً وَأَحْتَمِلُهَا فِي مَالِي. وَكَانَ زِيَادُ بْنُ لَبِيدٍ الْبَيَاضِيُّ الْأَنْصَارِيُّ إِذَا رَأَى عُبَيْدَ اللَّهِ يَقُولُ: أَلَا يَا عُبَيْدَ اللَّهِ مَا لَكَ مَهْرَبٌ وَلَا مَلْجَأٌ مِنِ ابْنِ أَرْوَى وَلَا خَفَرْ أَصَبْتَ دَمًا وَاللَّهِ فِي غَيْرِ حِلِّهِ حَرَامًا وَقَتْلُ الْهُرْمُزَانِ لَهُ خَطَرْ عَلَى غَيْرِ شَيْءٍ غَيْرَ أَنْ قَالَ قَائِلٌ أَتَتَّهِمُونَ الْهُرْمُزَانَ عَلَى عُمَرْ فَقَالَ سَفِيهٌ، وَالْحَوَادِثُ جَمَّةٌ: نَعَمِ اتَّهِمْهُ قَدْ أَشَارَ وَقَدْ أَمَرْ وَكَانَ سِلَاحُ الْعَبْدِ فِي جَوْفِ بَيْتِهِ يُقَلِّبُهَا وَالْأَمْرُ بِالْأَمْرِ يُعْتَبَرْ فَشَكَا عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ إِلَى عُثْمَانَ زِيَادَ بْنَ لَبِيدٍ، فَنَهَى عُثْمَانُ زِيَادًا، فَقَالَ فِي عُثْمَانَ: أَبَا عَمْرٍو عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ رَهْنٌ فَلَا تَشْكُكْ بِقَتْلِ الْهُرْمُزَانِ فَإِنَّكَ إِنْ غَفَرْتَ الْجُرْمَ عَنْهُ وَأَسْبَابُ الْخَطَا فَرَسَا رِهَانِ أَتَعْفُو إِذْ عَفَوْتَ بِغَيْرِ حَقٍّ فَمَا لَكَ بِالَّذِي تَحْكِي يَدَانِ فَدَعَا عُثْمَانُ زِيَادًا فَنَهَاهُ وَشَذَّبَهُ وَقِيلَ فِي فِدَاءِ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ غَيْرُ ذَلِكَ، قَالَ الْغَمَاذَيَانُ بْنُ الْهُرْمُزَانِ: كَانَتِ الْعَجَمُ بِالْمَدِينَةِ يَسْتَرْوِحُ بَعْضُهَا إِلَى بَعْضٍ، ( فَمَرَّ فَيْرُوزُ أَبُو لُؤْلُؤَةَ بِالْهُرْمُزَانِ وَمَعَهُ خِنْجَرٌ ) لَهُ رَأْسَانِ فَتَنَاوَلَهُ مِنْهُ وَقَالَ: مَا تَصْنَعُ بِهِ ؟ قَالَ: أَسِنُّ بِهِ. فَرَآهُ رَجُلٌ، فَلَمَّا أُصِيبَ عُمَرُ قَالَ: رَأَيْتُ الْهُرْمُزَانَ دَفَعَهُ إِلَى فَيْرُوزَ، فَأَقْبَلَ عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ فَقَتَلَهُ، فَلَمَّا وَلِيَ عُثْمَانُ أَمْكَنَنِي مِنْهُ، فَخَرَجْتُ بِهِ وَمَا فِي الْأَرْضِ أَحَدٌ إِلَّا مَعِي، إِلَّا أَنَّهُمْ يَطْلُبُونَ إِلَيَّ فِيهِ، فَقُلْتُ لَهُمْ: أَلِي قَتْلَهُ ؟ قَالُوا: نَعَمْ، وَسَبُّوا عُبَيْدَ اللَّهِ، قَلْتُ لَهُمْ: أَفَلَكُمْ مَنَعَةٌ ؟ قَالُوا: لَا، وَسَبُّوهُ، فَتَرَكْتُهُ لِلَّهِ وَلَهُمْ، فَحَمَلُونِي، فَوَاللَّهِ مَا بَلَغْتُ الْمَنْزِلَ إِلَّا عَلَى رُءُوسِ النَّاسِ. وَالْأَوَّلُ أَصَحُّ فِي إِطْلَاقِ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ لِأَنَّ عَلِيًّا لَمَّا وَلِيَ الْخِلَافَةَ أَرَادَ قَتْلَهُ، فَهَرَبَ مِنْهُ إِلَى مُعَاوِيَةَ بِالشَّامِ، وَلَوْ كَانَ إِطْلَاقُهُ بِأَمْرِ وَلِيِّ الدَّمِ لَمْ يَتَعَرَّضْ لَهُ عَلِيٌّ.
Translation
✧ The Story of the Shūrā ʿUmar b. Maymūn al-Awdī said: When ʿUmar b. al-Khaṭṭāb was stabbed, it was said to him: O Commander of the Faithful, if only you would appoint a successor. He said: If Abū ʿUbaydah were alive, I would appoint him as successor and I would say to my Lord if He asked me: I heard your Prophet say: "He is the trustworthy one of this ummah." And if Sālim, the mawlā of Abū Ḥudhayfah, were alive, I would appoint him as successor and I would say to my Lord if He asked me: I heard your Prophet say: "Sālim is intense in love for God Almighty." A man said to him: Shall I point you to ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿUmar? He said: May God fight you! By God, you did not intend God by this! Woe to you! How can I appoint as successor a man who was unable to divorce his wife? We have no need in your affairs; I have not praised it so as to desire it for anyone of my household. If it is good, then we have obtained from it; and if it is evil, then it has been turned away from us. It is enough for the family of ʿUmar that one man among them be called to account and be asked about the affair of the ummah of Muḥammad. Indeed, I have exerted myself and deprived my family. If I escape with neither burden nor reward, then I am fortunate. I will consider: if I appoint a successor, then one better than me appointed a successor; and if I leave it, then one better than me left it. God will not let His religion be lost. They went out, then returned and said: O Commander of the Faithful, if only you would leave a covenant. He said: I had resolved after my statement to consider and appoint a man over your affair who is most likely among you to carry you upon the truth—and he pointed to ʿAlī—but a swoon overtook me, and I saw a man enter a garden and begin plucking every tender and ripe fruit, gathering it to himself and placing it beneath him. So I knew that God prevails over His affair, and I did not wish to bear it alive or dead. Upon you are this group concerning whom the Messenger of God ﷺ said: "They are among the people of Paradise": ʿAlī, ʿUthmān, ʿAbd al-Raḥmān, Saʿd, al-Zubayr b. al-ʿAwwām, and Ṭalḥah b. ʿUbayd Allāh. Let them choose a man from among themselves. When they appoint a governor, then assist him well and support him. They went out, and al-ʿAbbās said to ʿAlī: Do not enter with them. He said: I dislike dissent. He said: Then you will see what you dislike. When morning came, ʿUmar summoned ʿAlī, ʿUthmān, Saʿd, ʿAbd al-Raḥmān, and al-Zubayr and said to them: I have looked and found you to be the leaders of the people and their chiefs, and this affair will not be except among you. The Messenger of God ﷺ was taken while he was pleased with you. I do not fear the people for you if you are upright, but I fear you among yourselves, for then the people will differ. Arise to the room of ʿĀʾishah, with her permission, and consult therein. He laid down his head, and the blood had drained him. They entered and whispered until their voices rose. ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿUmar said: Glory be to God! The Commander of the Faithful has not yet died. ʿUmar heard him and roused, saying: Turn away from this. When I die, consult for three days, and let Ṣuhayb lead the people in prayer. Let not the fourth day come except that you have an amīr from among you. Let ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿUmar attend as an adviser with no share of the command—as a form of consolation for him—and Ṭalḥah is your partner in the affair. If he arrives within the three days, include him in your affair; if the three days pass before his arrival, then proceed with your affair. Who will guarantee Ṭalḥah for me? Saʿd b. Abī Waqqāṣ said: I will guarantee him for you, and he will not dissent—God Almighty willing. ʿUmar said: I hope he will not dissent—God willing. I think none will take charge except one of these two men: ʿAlī or ʿUthmān. If ʿUthmān takes charge, he is a man in whom there is gentleness; if ʿAlī takes charge, there is jest in him, and he is more likely to carry them upon the path of truth. If you appoint Saʿd, then he is its worthy one; otherwise let the governor seek his aid, for I did not remove him from weakness or treachery. And how excellent a man of judgment is ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. ʿAwf; listen to him and obey. He said to Abū Ṭalḥah al-Anṣārī: O Abū Ṭalḥah, God has long strengthened Islam through you. Choose fifty men from the Anṣār and urge on this group until they choose a man from among themselves. He said to al-Miqdād b. al-Aswad: When you place me in my grave, gather this group in a house until they choose a man from among themselves. He said to Ṣuhayb: Lead the people in prayer for three days, and bring this group into a house and stand over their heads. If five agree and one refuses, then smash his head with the sword. If four agree and two refuse, then strike both their heads. If three are satisfied with one man and three with another, then let ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿUmar arbitrate. If they do not accept the judgment of ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿUmar, then be with the faction in which ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. ʿAwf is, and kill the rest if they turn away from what the people have gathered upon. They went out, and ʿAlī said to a group of Banū Hāshim who were with him: If your people are obeyed among you, you will never be given command. His uncle al-ʿAbbās met him and said: You have turned away from us! He said: What is your knowledge? He said: He has joined ʿUthmān's clan and said: Be with the majority. If two men are satisfied with one man and two with another, then be with the faction in which ʿAbd al-Raḥmān is. Saʿd will not oppose his cousin, and ʿAbd al-Raḥmān is the brother-in-law of ʿUthmān; they will not disagree, so one of them will hand it to the other. Even if the other two were with me, they would not benefit me. Al-ʿAbbās said to him: I have not raised you in anything but you returned to me lagging behind what I dislike. I advised you at the death of the Messenger of God ﷺ to ask him in whose hands this affair would be, but you refused. I advised you after his death to hasten to the affair, but you refused. I advised you when ʿUmar named you in the shūrā not to enter with them, but you refused. Preserve from me one thing: whenever the people offer you, say no, unless they appoint you. Beware of this group, for they will not cease pushing us away from this affair until someone other than us undertakes it for us. By God, none will attain it except a man with whom no good avails! ʿAlī said: If ʿUthmān remains, I will remind him of what he did; and if he dies, they will pass it around among themselves. If they do, you will find me where they dislike. Then he quoted: I swore by the Lord of the dancing camels at evening, when they went forth swift and raced to al-Muḥaṣṣab, that the band of Ibn Yaʿmar will surely pluck a companion in blood, the Banū al-Shuddākh, a watering-place made crosswise. He turned and saw Abū Ṭalḥah, and he disliked his position. Abū Ṭalḥah said: You will not be alarmed, Abū al-Ḥasan. The gathering of the people of the shūrā after the death of ʿUmar When ʿUmar died and his funeral was brought out, Ṣuhayb prayed over him. When ʿUmar was buried, al-Miqdād gathered the people of the shūrā in the house of al-Miswar b. Makhramah—it is also said: in the treasury; and it is said: in the room of ʿĀʾishah, with her permission—while Ṭalḥah was absent. They commanded Abū Ṭalḥah to bar them from entry. ʿAmr b. al-ʿĀṣ and al-Mughīrah b. Shuʿbah came and sat at the door. Saʿd threw pebbles at them and made them stand, saying: You want to say, 'We were present and were among the people of the shūrā!' The people vied over the affair, and talk among them increased. Abū Ṭalḥah said: I was more afraid that you would thrust it away than that you would vie over it. By Him who took ʿUmar's soul, I will not give you more than the three days that he commanded. Then I will sit in my house and see what you do. ʿAbd al-Raḥmān said: Which of you will remove himself from it and take it upon himself, on condition that he appoint the best of you? No one answered him. He said: Then I withdraw from it. ʿUthmān said: I am the first to be pleased. The people said: We are pleased. ʿAlī remained silent. He said: What do you say, O Abū al-Ḥasan? He said: Give me a solemn covenant that you will prefer the truth, not follow desire, not favor a relative, and not fail to counsel the ummah. He said: Give me your covenants that you will be with me against whoever alters or changes, and that you will accept whom I choose for you; and upon me is the covenant of God that I will not favor a relative for kinship, nor fail the Muslims. He took a covenant from them and gave them the like. Then he said to ʿAlī: You say that I am the most entitled of those present to this affair, because of your kinship, your precedence, and your excellent mark in the religion, and you are not far. But consider: if this affair were turned away from you, and you were not present, whom of this group would you consider most entitled to it? He said: ʿUthmān. He was alone with ʿUthmān and said: You say: an elder of Banū ʿAbd Manāf, the in-law of the Messenger of God ﷺ, and his cousin; I have precedence and virtue, so how can this affair be turned away from me? But if you were not present, which of this group do you consider most entitled to it? He said: ʿAlī. ʿAlī met Saʿd and said to him: (Fear God, through whom you ask one another, and the wombs). I ask you by the kinship of this son of mine to the Messenger of God ﷺ, and by the kinship of my uncle Ḥamzah to you, that you be with ʿAbd al-Raḥmān as a supporter of ʿUthmān. ʿAbd al-Raḥmān went about during his nights meeting the Companions of the Messenger of God ﷺ and those of the commanders of the armies and nobles of the people who had come to Madinah, consulting them. Until when it was the night whose morning would complete the term, he came to the dwelling of al-Miswar b. Makhramah, woke him, and said to him: I have not tasted much sleep this night. Go and summon al-Zubayr and Saʿd. He summoned them. He began with al-Zubayr and said to him: Leave Banū ʿAbd Manāf and this affair. He said: My share is for ʿAlī. He said to Saʿd: Make your share for me. He said: If you choose yourself, then yes; if you choose ʿUthmān, then ʿAlī is more beloved to me. O man, pledge allegiance to yourself, give us rest, and lift our heads. He said to him: I have withdrawn myself on condition that I choose, and even if I did not, I would not return it. I saw a green meadow with abundant grass. A stallion entered, the noblest I have ever seen, and passed like an arrow; he did not turn to anything in it until he crossed it without stopping. Then a camel entered after him and followed his tracks until he left it. Then a magnificent stallion entered dragging his halter, and went straight after the first two. Then a fourth camel entered and grazed in the meadow. No, by God, I will not be the fourth, and no one after them will stand in the place of Abū Bakr and ʿUmar so that the people are pleased with him. He said: He sent al-Miswar, and he summoned ʿAlī. He conversed privately with him for a long time, while he did not doubt that he would be the holder of the affair. Then he rose. Then he sent for ʿUthmān, and they conversed privately until dawn separated them. ʿAmr b. Maymūn said: ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿUmar said to me: Whoever tells you that he knows what ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. ʿAwf said to ʿAlī and ʿUthmān has spoken without knowledge. The decree of your Lord fell upon ʿUthmān. When they prayed the dawn prayer, he gathered the group and sent for those present of the Muhājirūn, the people of precedence and merit of the Anṣār, and the commanders of the armies. They gathered until the mosque was thronged with its people. He said: O people, the people have agreed that the people of the garrisons should return to their garrisons. Advise me. ʿAmmār said: If you want the Muslims not to differ, then pledge allegiance to ʿAlī. Al-Miqdād b. al-Aswad said: ʿAmmār has spoken truth. If you pledge allegiance to ʿAlī, we say: We hear and obey. Ibn Abī Sarḥ said: If you want Quraysh not to differ, then pledge allegiance to ʿUthmān. ʿAbd Allāh b. Abī Rabīʿah said: You have spoken truth. If you pledge allegiance to ʿUthmān, we say: We hear and obey. ʿAmmār reviled Ibn Abī Sarḥ and said: Since when have you been counseling the Muslims? The Banū Hāshim and Banū Umayyah spoke. ʿAmmār said: O people, God has honored us with His Prophet and strengthened us with His religion. How can you turn this affair away from the household of your Prophet? A man of Banū Makhzūm said: You have overstepped your bounds, O son of Sumayyah! What have you to do with Quraysh appointing for themselves? Saʿd b. Abī Waqqāṣ said: O ʿAbd al-Raḥmān, finish before the people are tempted. ʿAbd al-Raḥmān said: I have considered and consulted, so do not, O group, make a way against yourselves. He called ʿAlī and said: Upon you is the covenant of God and His pact, that you will act according to the Book of God, the Sunnah of His Messenger, and the conduct of the two caliphs after him. He said: I hope to do so, and to act according to the extent of my knowledge and ability. He called ʿUthmān and said to him the like of what he said to ʿAlī. He said: Yes, we will act. He raised his head toward the ceiling of the mosque, his hand in the hand of ʿUthmān, and said: O God, hear and witness. O God, I have placed what was upon my neck of that upon the neck of ʿUthmān, and he pledged allegiance to him. ʿAlī said: This is not the first day you have conspired against us. (So patience is most fitting, and God is the one sought for help against what you describe.) By God, you did not appoint ʿUthmān except so that the affair would return to you. God is every day in a matter! ʿAbd al-Raḥmān said: O ʿAlī, do not make against yourself an argument or a way. ʿAlī went out saying: The book will reach its term. Al-Miqdād said: O ʿAbd al-Raḥmān, by God, you have left him, and he is among those who judge by the truth and by it act justly. He said: O Miqdād, by God, I have striven for the Muslims. He said: If you intended God, may God reward you with the reward of the doers of good. Al-Miqdād said: I have not seen the like of what has come upon the household of this house after their Prophet. I am amazed at Quraysh that they have left a man—I do not say, and I do not know, that any man is more just in judgment or more learned than he. By God, if I could find helpers for him! ʿAbd al-Raḥmān said: O Miqdād, fear God, for I fear trial for you. A man said to al-Miqdād: May God have mercy on you, who are the household of this house, and who is this man? He said: The household of the house are the Banū ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib, and the man is ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālib. ʿAlī said: The people look to Quraysh, and Quraysh look among themselves and say: If the Banū Hāshim rule over you, it will never leave them; but if it is in others, you will pass it among yourselves. Ṭalḥah arrived on the day that allegiance was pledged to ʿUthmān, and it was said to him: They have pledged allegiance to ʿUthmān. He said: Are all of Quraysh pleased with him? They said: Yes. He went to ʿUthmān, and ʿUthmān said to him: You are upon the head of your affair, and if you refuse, I will return it. He said: Will you return it? He said: Yes. He said: Have all the people pledged allegiance to you? He said: Yes. He said: I am pleased; I do not desire to turn away from what they have agreed upon. He pledged allegiance to him. Al-Mughīrah b. Shuʿbah said to ʿAbd al-Raḥmān: O Abū Muḥammad, you have done right in pledging allegiance to ʿUthmān. He said to ʿUthmān: Even if ʿAbd al-Raḥmān had pledged allegiance to other than you, we would not have been pleased. ʿAbd al-Raḥmān said: You lie, O one-eyed! If I had pledged allegiance to other than him, you would have pledged allegiance to him and would have said this same statement. He said: Al-Miswar used to say: I have not seen anyone surpass a people in what they entered into as ʿAbd al-Raḥmān surpassed them. I say: His statement that ʿAbd al-Raḥmān is the brother-in-law of ʿUthmān means: ʿAbd al-Raḥmān married Umm Kulthūm bt. ʿUqbah b. Abī Muʿayṭ, who was the sister of ʿUthmān through his mother; ʿUqbah married her after ʿUthmān. Another narration regarding the shūrā after the death of ʿUmar b. al-Khaṭṭāb ؓ. Abū Jaʿfar has mentioned another narration regarding the shūrā from al-Miswar b. Makhramah, which is the completion of the account of the killing of ʿUmar, and it has already been mentioned. What he has mentioned here is close to what has been mentioned just before, except that he said: When ʿUmar was buried, ʿAbd al-Raḥmān gathered them and addressed them, commanding them to come together and abandon separation. Then ʿUthmān spoke and said: Praise be to God who chose Muḥammad as a prophet, sent him as a messenger, fulfilled His promise to him, and granted him His support over everyone, whether distant in lineage or close in kinship, ﷺ. May God make us his followers and guided by his command. He is a light for us, and by his command we take a stand when desires diverge and when enemies argue. May God, by His grace, make us leaders, and by obeying Him, commanders. Our affair does not depart from us, nor does anyone other than us enter upon it, except one who treats the truth foolishly and turns away from the right course. It would be most proper, O Ibn ʿAwf, that it be abandoned, and most proper that it be so if your command is opposed and your call is left. I am the first to answer you, call to you, and guarantee what I say as a surety. I seek God's forgiveness for me and for you. Then al-Zubayr spoke after him and said: To proceed: the caller to God is not unknown, and the one who answers him is not forsaken when desires diverge and necks turn away. None will fall short of what I have said except one who is misguided, and none will abandon what I have called for except one who is wretched. Were it not for God's prescribed limits, and God's fixed obligations, which are brought to their people and live and do not die, death would be a deliverance from rulership, and flight from authority would be a protection. But God has a right upon us to answer the call and manifest the sunnah, lest we die a death of blind ignorance, and lest we be stricken with the blindness of the pre-Islamic age. I answer you to what you have called, and aid you in what you have commanded. There is no power and no strength except with God. I seek God's forgiveness for me and for you. Then Saʿd spoke after praising God, and said: By Muḥammad ﷺ, the roads were illuminated and the paths made straight, every truth appeared, and every falsehood died. Beware, O group, of false speech and the hopes of the deluded. Hopes have deprived a people before you; they inherited what you have inherited and attained what you have attained, but God took them as enemies and cursed them with a great curse. God, the Exalted, said: (Cursed were those who disbelieved among the Children of Israel) up to His saying: (evil indeed is what they used to do). I have struck my lot and taken my winning arrow, and I have taken for Ṭalḥah b. ʿUbayd Allāh what I would accept for myself. I am a guarantor for it and a surety for what I have given on his behalf. The matter is yours, O Ibn ʿAwf, with utmost effort and sincere counsel. Upon God is the straight path, and to Him is the return. I seek God's forgiveness for me and for you, and I seek refuge with God from opposing you. Then ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālib spoke and said: Praise be to God who sent Muḥammad from among us as a prophet, and sent him to us as a messenger. We are the house of prophethood, the mine of wisdom, the security of the people of the earth, and a deliverance for whoever seeks. We have a right; if we are given it, we take it, and if we are denied it, we ride the hind parts of camels even if the night journey lasts long. Had the Messenger of God ﷺ entrusted us with a covenant, we would have carried out his covenant; and had he said a word to us, we would have contended for it until we die. No one will hasten before me to a call of truth or maintaining ties of kinship. There is no power and no strength except with God. Hear my words and understand my speech. Perhaps you will see this matter after this gathering in which swords are drawn and covenants are betrayed, until you become a faction and some of you become leaders of the people of error and partisans of the people of ignorance. Then he recited: If Jāsim has perished, then I, for what the Banū ʿAbd b. Ḍajm have done, am obedient in the midday heats to every act of error, discerning of the course from every star. Then ʿAbd al-Raḥmān said: Which of you is willing to withdraw himself from this matter? And he mentioned something close to what has preceded. Then ʿUthmān sat in a corner of the mosque after his pledge of allegiance, and summoned ʿUbayd Allāh b. ʿUmar b. al-Khaṭṭāb. He had killed the killer of his father, Abū Luʾluʾah, and he had killed Jufaynah, a Christian man from al-Ḥīrah who was an assistant to Saʿd b. Mālik, and he had killed al-Hurmuzān. When he struck him with the sword, he said: There is no god but God! When he killed these, Saʿd b. Abī Waqqāṣ seized him and imprisoned him in his house, took his sword, and brought him before ʿUthmān. ʿUbayd Allāh used to say: By God, I will kill men among those who shared in the blood of my father, alluding to the Emigrants and the Helpers. He killed these individuals because ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. Abī Bakr said on the morning ʿUmar was killed: I saw yesterday evening al-Hurmuzān, Abū Luʾluʾah, and Jufaynah whispering together. When they saw me, they got up, and from them fell a dagger with two heads, its hilt in the middle, and that is the dagger with which ʿUmar was stabbed. So ʿUbayd Allāh killed them. When ʿUthmān brought him, he said: Advise me concerning this man who has made a breach in Islam the like of which he has made! ʿAlī said: I think you should kill him. But some of the Emigrants said: ʿUmar was killed yesterday, and his son is killed today! ʿAmr b. al-ʿĀṣ said: God has spared you that this event should occur while you have authority over the Muslims. Then ʿUthmān said: I am his guardian, and I have made it a blood-money and will bear it from my own wealth. Ziyād b. Labīd al-Bayāḍī al-Anṣārī used to say when he saw ʿUbayd Allāh: Alas, O ʿUbayd Allāh, you have no escape and no refuge from Ibn Arwā nor any protection. You have shed blood, by God, unlawfully, forbidden blood, and the killing of al-Hurmuzān is a grave matter, for no reason other than that a man said: Do you accuse al-Hurmuzān concerning ʿUmar? A fool said, while calamities are many: Yes, accuse him; he advised and he commanded. The slave's weapons were in the interior of his house, and he kept turning them over; and matter is judged by matter. ʿUbayd Allāh complained to ʿUthmān about Ziyād b. Labīd, so ʿUthmān forbade Ziyād, and he said concerning ʿUthmān: O Abū ʿAmr, ʿUbayd Allāh is a pledge; so do not doubt the killing of al-Hurmuzān. For if you forgive the crime from him, while the causes of error are two horses in a race, will you pardon when you have pardoned without right? You have no hand in what you relate. Then ʿUthmān summoned Ziyād, forbade him, and chastised him. And something else has been said about the ransom of ʿUbayd Allāh. Al-Ghamādhayān b. al-Hurmuzān said: The Persians in Madinah used to take comfort in one another. Then Fayrūz Abū Luʾluʾah passed by al-Hurmuzān, and with him was a dagger with two heads. He took it from him and said: What do you do with this? He said: I sharpen with it. A man saw him. When ʿUmar was struck, he said: I saw al-Hurmuzān hand it to Fayrūz. So ʿUbayd Allāh came and killed him. When ʿUthmān assumed authority, he gave me power over him, so I took him out, and there was no one on earth but was with me, except that they interceded with me for him. I said to them: Do I have the right to kill him? They said: Yes, and they reviled ʿUbayd Allāh. I said to them: Do you have protection? They said: No, and they reviled him. So I left him for God and for them, and they carried me. By God, I did not reach my house except on the heads of the people. But the first account is more correct regarding the release of ʿUbayd Allāh, because when ʿAlī assumed the caliphate, he wanted to kill him, and he fled from him to Muʿāwiyah in Syria. Had his release been by the command of the guardian of the blood, ʿAlī would not have sought him.
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