Tarikh (al-Tabari) 1968
The caliphate of ʿUmar b. al-Khaṭṭāb
[امْرَأَةٌ تَشْكُو زَوْجَهَا وَأَخْرَجَ عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ فِي «مُصَنَّفِهِ» عَنْ قَتَادَةَ وَالشَّعْبِيِّ قَالَ: (جَاءَتْ عُمَرَ امْرَأَةٌ، فَقَالَتْ: زَوْجِي يَقُومُ اللَّيْلَ وَيَصُومُ النَّهَارَ، فَقَالَ عُمَرُ: لَقَدْ أَحْسَنْتِ الثَّنَاءَ عَلَى زَوْجِكِ، فَقَالَ كَعْبُ بْنُ سَوْرٍ: لَقَدْ شَكَتْ، فَقَالَ عُمَرُ: كَيْفَ؟ قَالَ: تَزْعُمُ أَنَّهُ لَيْسَ لَهَا مَنْ زَوْجِهَا نَصِيبٌ، قَالَ: فَإِذْ قَدْ فَهِمْتَ ذَلِكَ.. فَاقْضِ بَيْنَهُمَا، فَقَالَ: يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ؛ أَحَلَّ اللَّهُ لَهُ مِنَ النِّسَاءِ أَرْبَعًا؛ فَلَهَا مِنْ كُلِّ أَرْبَعَةِ أَيَّامٍ يَوْمٌ، وَمِنْ كُلِّ أَرْبَعِ لَيَالٍ لَيْلَةٌ). قِصَّةُ الْمَرْأَةِ الَّتِي تَأَخَّرَ عَنْهَا زَوْجُهَا [قِصَّةُ الْمَرْأَةِ الَّتِي تَأَخَّرَ عَنْهَا زَوْجُهَا] وَأُخْرِجَ عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ قَالَ: (أَخْبَرَنِي مَنْ أُصَدِّقُ: أَنَّ عُمَرَ بَيْنَا هُوَ يَطُوفُ سَمِعَ امْرَأَةً تَقُولُ: تَطَاوَلَ هَذَا اللَّيْلُ وَاسْوَدَّ جَانِبُهْ وَأَرَّقَنِي أَنْ لَا حَبِيبَ أُلَاعِبُهْ فَلَوْلَا حَذَارُ اللَّهِ لَا شَيْءَ مِثْلُهُ لَزُعْزِعَ مِنْ هَذَا السَّرِيرِ جَوَانِبُهْ فَقَالَ عُمَرُ: وَمَا لَكِ؟ قَالَتْ: أَغْرَبْتَ زَوْجِي مُنْذُ أَشْهُرٍ، وَقَدِ اشْتَقْتُ إِلَيْهِ، فَقَالَ: أَرَدْتِ سُوءًا؟ قَالَتْ: مَعَاذَ اللَّهِ! فَقَالَ: فَامْلُكِي عَلَيْكِ نَفْسَكِ، فَإِنَّمَا هُوَ الْبَرِيدُ إِلَيْهِ، فَبَعَثَ إِلَيْهِ، ثُمَّ دَخَلَ عَلَى حَفْصَةَ، فَقَالَ: إِنِّي سَائِلُكِ عَلَى أَمْرٍ قَدْ أَهَمَّنِي فَأَفْرِجِيهِ عَنِّي؛ فِي كَمْ تَشْتَاقُ الْمَرْأَةُ إِلَى زَوْجِهَا؟ فَخَفَضَتْ رَأْسَهَا وَاسْتَحْيَتْ، قَالَ: فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ لَا يَسْتَحْيِي مِنَ الْحَقِّ، فَأَشَارَتْ بِيَدِهَا ثَلَاثَةَ أَشْهُرٍ؛ وَإِلَّا.. فَأَرْبَعَةُ أَشْهُرٍ، فَكَتَبَ عُمَرُ: أَلَّا تُحْبَسَ الْجُيُوشُ فَوْقَ أَرْبَعَةِ أَشْهُرٍ). [رَجُلٌ يَشْكُو لِسَيِّدِنَا عُمَرَ ؓ مَا يَلْقَى مِنَ النِّسَاءِ] وَأُخْرِجَ عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ: أَنَّهُ جَاءَ إِلَى عُمَرَ يَشْكُو إِلَيْهِ مَا يَلْقَى مِنَ النِّسَاءِ، فَقَالَ عُمَرُ: (إِنَّا لَنَجِدُ ذَلِكَ، حَتَّى إِنِّي لَأُرِيدُ الْحَاجَةَ فَتَقُولُ لِي: مَا تَذْهَبُ إِلَّا إِلَى فَتَيَاتِ بَنِي فُلَانٍ تَنْظُرُ إِلَيْهِنَّ، فَقَالَ لَهُ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مَسْعُودٍ: أَمَا بَلَغَكَ أَنَّ إِبْرَاهِيمَ - عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ - شَكَا إِلَى اللَّهِ خُلُقَ سَارَّةَ، فَقِيلَ لَهُ: إِنَّهَا خُلِقَتْ مِنْ ضِلْعٍ، فَالْبَسْهَا عَلَى مَا كَانَ فِيهَا، مَا لَمْ تَرَ عَلَيْهَا خَرِبَةً فِي دِينِهَا؟! وَأُخْرِجَ عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ بْنِ خَالِدٍ قَالَ: (دَخَلَ ابْنٌ لِعُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ عَلَيْهِ وَقَدْ تَرَجَّلَ وَلَبِسَ ثِيَابًا حِسَانًا، فَضَرَبَهُ عُمَرُ بِالدَّرَّةِ حَتَّى أَبْكَاهُ، فَقَالَتْ لَهُ حَفْصَةُ: لِمَ ضَرَبْتَهُ؟ قَالَ: رَأَيْتُهُ قَدْ أَعْجَبَتْهُ نَفْسُهُ، فَأَحْبَبْتُ أَنْ أُصَغِّرَهَا إِلَيْهِ). وَأُخْرِجَ عَنْ مُعْمَرٍ، عَنْ لَيْثِ بْنِ أَبِي سُلَيْمٍ: أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ قَالَ: (لَا تُسَمُّوا الْحَكَمَ وَلَا أَبَا الْحَكَمِ؛ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ هُوَ الْحَكَمُ، وَلَا تُسَمُّوا الطَّرِيقَ السِّكَّةَ). وَأَخْرَجَ الْبَيْهَقِيُّ فِي «شُعَبِ الْإِيمَانِ» عَنِ الضَّحَّاكِ قَالَ: قَالَ عُمَرُ: (يَا لَيْتَنِي كُنْتُ كَبْشَ أَهْلِي، سَمَّنُونِي مَا بَدَا لَهُمْ، حَتَّى إِذَا كُنْتُ كَأَسْمَنِ مَا يَكُونُ.. زَارَهُمْ بَعْضُ مَنْ يُحِبُّونَ، فَذَبَحُونِي لَهُمْ، فَجَعَلُوا بَعْضِي شِوَاءً، وَبَعْضِي قَدِيدًا، ثُمَّ أَكَلُونِي، وَلَمْ أَكُنْ بَشَرًا). انزل عن منبر أبي [انْزِلْ عَنْ مِنْبَرِ أَبِي] وَأَخْرَجَ ابْنُ عَسَاكِرَ عَنْ أَبِي الْبَخْتَرِيِّ قَالَ: (كَانَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ يَخْطُبُ عَلَى الْمِنْبَرِ، فَقَامَ إِلَيْهِ الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ فَقَالَ: انْزِلْ عَنْ مِنْبَرِ أَبِي، فَقَالَ عُمَرُ: مِنْبَرُ أَبِيكَ لَا مِنْبَرُ أَبِي، مَنْ أَمَرَكَ بِهَذَا؟ فَقَامَ عَلِيٌّ، فَقَالَ: مَا أَمَرَهُ بِهَذَا أَحَدٌ، أَمَا لَأُوجِعَنَّكَ يَا غُدَرُ، فَقَالَ: لَا تُوجِعِ ابْنَ أَخِي، فَقَدْ صَدَقَ، مِنْبَرُ أَبِيهِ). إِسْنَادُهُ صَحِيحٌ. وَأَخْرَجَ الْخَطِيبُ فِي «الرُّوَاةِ عَنْ مَالِكٍ» مِنْ طَرِيقِهِ عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ وَسَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ: (أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ وَعُثْمَانَ بْنَ عَفَّانَ كَانَا يَتَنَازَعَانِ فِي الْمَسْأَلَةِ بَيْنَهُمَا حَتَّى يَقُولَ النَّاظِرُ إِلَيْهِمَا: لَا يَجْتَمِعَانِ أَبَدًا، فَمَا يَفْتَرِقَانِ إِلَّا عَلَى أَحْسَنِهِ وَأَجْمَلِهِ). وَأَخْرَجَ ابْنُ سَعْدٍ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ قَالَ: أَوَّلُ خُطْبَةٍ خَطَبَهَا عُمَرُ: حَمِدَ اللَّهَ وَأَثْنَى عَلَيْهِ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: (أَمَّا بَعْدُ: فَقَدِ ابْتُلِيتُ بِكُمْ وَابْتُلِيتُمْ بِي، وَخُلِّفْتُ فِيكُمْ بَعْدَ صَاحِبِي، فَمَنْ كَانَ بِحَضْرَتِنَا.. بَاشَرْنَاهُ بِأَنْفُسِنَا، وَمَنْ غَابَ عَنَّا.. وَلَّيْنَاهُ أَهْلَ الْقُوَّةِ وَالْأَمَانَةِ، فَمَنْ يُحْسِنْ نَزِدْهُ حُسْنًا، وَمَنْ يُسِئْ.. نُعَاقِبْهُ، وَيَغْفِرُ اللَّهُ لَنَا وَلَكُمْ).
Translation
✧ A woman complaining about her husband ʿAbd al-Razzāq reported in his Muṣannaf from Qatādah and al-Shaʿbī, who said: (A woman came to ʿUmar and said: My husband stands in prayer at night and fasts during the day. ʿUmar said: You have praised your husband well. Kaʿb b. Sūr said: She has actually complained. ʿUmar said: How so? He said: She claims that she has no share of her husband. He said: Since you have understood that, then judge between them. He said: O Commander of the Faithful, God has permitted him four wives, so she is entitled to one day out of every four days and one night out of every four nights.) The story of the woman whose husband was delayed from her [The story of the woman whose husband was delayed from her] And it was reported from Ibn Jurayj, who said: (Someone I trust informed me that while ʿUmar was circumambulating, he heard a woman saying: This night has grown long and its sides have darkened, and it has made me sleepless because I have no beloved to play with. Were it not for fear of God, than whom there is nothing like Him, the sides of this bed would be shaken. ʿUmar said: What is the matter with you? She said: My husband has been away for months, and I long for him. He said: Do you intend evil? She said: God forbid! He said: Then control yourself, for the messenger will reach him. So he sent for him. Then he entered upon Ḥafṣah and said: I am asking you about a matter that concerns me, so relieve me of it; how long does a woman yearn for her husband? She lowered her head out of modesty. He said: God is not ashamed of the truth. She gestured with her hand three months, or else four months. So ʿUmar wrote that armies should not be detained for more than four months.) [A man complaining to our master ʿUmar ؓ about what he suffers from women] And it was reported from Jābir b. ʿAbd Allāh that he came to ʿUmar complaining to him about what he suffered from women. ʿUmar said: (We indeed experience that, to the point that I intend to go out for some need and she says to me: You are only going to look at the young women of the Banū so-and-so. ʿAbd Allāh b. Masʿūd said to him: Has it not reached you that Abraham ﷺ complained to God about Sarah's character, and it was said to him: She was created from a rib, so clothe her with what is in her as long as you do not see in her a breach in her religion?!) And it was reported from ʿIkrimah b. Khālid, who said: (A son of ʿUmar b. al-Khaṭṭāb entered upon him having combed his hair and put on fine clothes, and ʿUmar struck him with the whip until he made him cry. Ḥafṣah said to him: Why did you strike him? He said: I saw that he was pleased with himself, so I wished to make his self seem smaller to him.) And it was reported from Maʿmar, from Layth b. Abī Sulaym, that ʿUmar b. al-Khaṭṭāb said: (Do not name anyone al-Ḥakam or Abū al-Ḥakam, for God is the Judge, and do not call the road a sikka.) Al-Bayhaqī reported in Shuʿab al-Īmān from al-Ḍaḥḥāk, who said: ʿUmar said: (Would that I were a ram of my family; they fattened me as they wished, until when I was as fat as I could be, some of those they love visited them, and they slaughtered me for them, and made part of me roasted and part of me dried meat, then they ate me, and I was not a human being.) Come down from my father's pulpit [Come down from my father's pulpit] Ibn ʿAsākir reported from Abū al-Bakhtarī, who said: (ʿUmar b. al-Khaṭṭāb was delivering a sermon on the pulpit, and al-Ḥusayn b. ʿAlī stood up to him and said: Come down from my father's pulpit. ʿUmar said: It is your father's pulpit, not my father's. Who commanded you to do this? ʿAlī stood up and said: No one commanded him to do this. Indeed, I will cause you pain, O traitor. He said: Do not cause pain to my nephew, for he has spoken the truth; it is his father's pulpit.) Its chain is authentic. Al-Khaṭīb reported in al-Ruwāt ʿan Mālik, through his route from Ibn Shihāb, from Abū Salamah b. ʿAbd al-Raḥmān and Saʿīd b. al-Musayyib: (ʿUmar b. al-Khaṭṭāb and ʿUthmān b. ʿAffān used to dispute a question between them until an onlooker would say: They will never agree, yet they would not part except upon the best and most excellent.) Ibn Saʿd reported from al-Ḥasan, who said: The first sermon ʿUmar delivered was: He praised God and extolled Him, then said: (To proceed: I have been tested with you and you have been tested with me, and I have been left in charge of you after my companion. Whoever is present with us, we deal with him personally; and whoever is absent from us, we appoint over him people of strength and trustworthiness. Whoever does good, we increase him in good; and whoever does evil, we punish him, and may God forgive us and you.)
Grades by grader
No grade is recorded for this wording.