Tarikh (al-Tabari) 1935
The caliphate of ʿUmar b. al-Khaṭṭāb
فَتْحُ أَذْرَبِيجَانَ عَلَى يَدَيْ عُتْبَةَ وَكَتَبَ لَهُمْ كِتَابَ أَمَانٍ قَالَ الْوَاقِدِيُّ وَأَبُو مَعْشَرٍ: كَانَتْ فِي سَنَةِ ثِنْتَيْنِ وَعِشْرِينَ. وَقَالَ سَيْفٌ: كَانَتْ فِي سَنَةِ ثَمَانِيَ عَشْرَةَ بَعْدَ فَتْحِ هَمَذَانَ وَالرَّيِّ وَجُرْجَانَ. وَأَبُو مَعْشَرٍ يَقُولُ بِأَنَّ أَذْرَبِيجَانَ كَانَتْ بَعْدَ هَذِهِ الْبُلْدَانِ، وَلَكِنْ عِنْدَهُ أَنَّ الْجَمِيعَ كَانَ فِي هَذِهِ السَّنَةِ. وَعِنْدَ الْوَاقِدِيِّ أَنَّ فَتْحَ هَمَذَانَ وَالرَّيِّ كَانَ فِي سَنَةِ ثَلَاثٍ وَعِشْرِينَ؛ فَهَمَذَانُ افْتَتَحَهَا الْمُغِيرَةُ بَعْدَ مَقْتَلِ عُمَرَ بِسِتَّةِ أَشْهُرٍ، قَالَ: وَيُقَالُ: كَانَ فَتْحُ الرَّيِّ قَبْلَ وَفَاةِ عُمَرَ بِسَنَتَيْنِ. إِلَّا أَنَّ الْوَاقِدِيَّ وَأَبَا مَعْشَرٍ مُتَّفِقَانِ عَلَى أَنَّ أَذْرَبِيجَانَ فِي هَذِهِ السَّنَةِ، وَتَبِعَهُمَا ابْنُ جَرِيرٍ وَغَيْرُهُ. لَمَّا افْتَتَحَ نُعَيْمُ بْنُ مُقَرِّنٍ هَمَذَانَ ثُمَّ الرَّيَّ، وَكَانَ قَدْ بَعَثَ بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ بُكَيْرَ بْنَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ مِنْ هَمَذَانَ إِلَى أَذْرَبِيجَانَ، وَأَرْدَفَهُ بِسِمَاكِ بْنِ خَرَشَةَ، فَلَقِيَ إِسْفَنْدِيَاذُ بْنُ الْفَرُّخْزَاذِ بُكَيْرًا وَأَصْحَابَهُ، قَبْلَ أَنْ يَقْدَمَ عَلَيْهِمْ سِمَاكٌ، فَاقْتَتَلُوا فَهَزَمَ اللَّهُ الْمُشْرِكِينَ، وَأَسَرَ بُكَيْرٌ إِسْفَنْدِيَاذَ، فَقَالَ لَهُ إِسْفَنْدِيَاذُ: الصُّلْحُ أَحَبُّ إِلَيْكَ أَمِ الْحَرْبُ ؟ فَقَالَ: بَلِ الصُّلْحُ. قَالَ: فَأَمْسِكْنِي عِنْدَكَ. فَأَمْسَكَهُ، ثُمَّ جَعَلَ يَفْتَحُ بَلَدًا بَلَدًا، وَعُتْبَةُ بْنُ فَرْقَدٍ أَيْضًا يَفْتَحُ مَعَهُ بَلَدًا بَلَدًا فِي مُقَابَلَتِهِ مِنَ الْجَانِبِ الْآخَرِ. ثُمَّ جَاءَ كِتَابُ عُمَرَ، بِأَنْ يَتَقَدَّمَ بُكَيْرٌ إِلَى الْبَابِ، وَجَعْلِ سِمَاكٍ مَوْضِعَهُ نَائِبًا لِعُتْبَةَ بْنِ فَرْقَدٍ. وَجَمَعَ عُمَرُ أَذْرَبِيجَانَ كُلَّهَا لِعُتْبَةَ بْنِ فَرْقَدٍ، وَسَلَّمَ إِلَيْهِ بُكَيْرٌ إِسْفَنْدِيَاذَ، وَصَارَ كَمَا أَمَرَهُ عُمَرُ إِلَى الْبَابِ. قَالُوا: وَقَدْ كَانَ اعْتَرَضَ بَهْرَامُ بْنُ فَرُّخْزَاذَ لِعُتْبَةَ بْنِ فَرْقَدٍ، فَهَزَمَهُ عُتْبَةُ وَهَرَبَ بَهْرَامُ، فَلَمَّا بَلَغَ ذَلِكَ إِسْفَنْدِيَاذَ وَهُوَ فِي الْأَسْرِ عِنْدَ بُكَيْرٍ قَالَ: الْآنَ تَمَّ الصُّلْحُ وَطَفِئَتِ الْحَرْبُ. فَصَالَحَهُ فَأَجَابَ إِلَى ذَلِكَ كُلُّهُمْ، وَعَادَتْ أَذْرَبِيجَانُ سِلْمًا، وَكَتَبَ بِذَلِكَ عُتْبَةُ وَبُكَيْرٌ إِلَى عُمَرَ، وَبَعَثُوا بِالْأَخْمَاسِ إِلَيْهِ، وَكَتَبَ عُتْبَةُ - حِينَ انْتَهَتْ إِلَيْهِ إِمْرَةُ أَذْرَبِيجَانَ - لِأَهْلِهَا كِتَابَ أَمَانٍ وَصُلْحٍ. وقيل فُتِحَتْ أَذْرَبِيجَانُ عَلَى يَدَيِ الْمُغِيرَةِ بْنِ شُعْبَةَ . قَالَهُ ابْنُ إِسْحَاقَ. فَيُقَالُ: إِنَّهُ صَالَحَهُمْ عَلَى ثَمَانِمِائَةِ أَلْفِ دِرْهَمٍ. وَقَالَ أَبُو عُبَيْدَةَ: فَتَحَهَا حَبِيبُ بْنُ مَسْلَمَةَ الْفِهْرِيُّ بِأَهْلِ الشَّامِ عَنْوَةً، وَمَعَهُ أَهْلُ الْكُوفَةِ؛ فِيهِمْ حُذَيْفَةُ فَافْتَتَحَهَا بَعْدَ قِتَالٍ شَدِيدٍ. وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ. وَفِي هَذِهِ الْغُزَاةِ: بَعَثَ عُتْبَةُ إِلَى عُمَرَ ؓ بِخَبِيصٍ أَهْدَاهُ إِلَيْهِ. فعَنْ عُتْبَةَ بْنِ فَرْقَدٍ، قَالَ: قَدِمْتُ عَلَى عُمَرَ ؓ بِسِلَالٍ مِنْ خَبِيصٍ، فَشَهِدْتُ غَدَاهُ، فَأَتَى بِجَفْنَةٍ مِنْ ثَرِيدٍ، فَأَخَذَ وَأَخَذْنَا، فَجَعَلْتُ أَرَى عَلَيْهِ الشَّيْءَ أَحْبِسُهُ سَنَامًا، فَإِذَا لُكْتُهُ وَجَدْتُهُ عَلِيًّا، فَأَتَطَلَّبُ غَفْلَتَهُ حَتَّى أَجْعَلَهُ بَيْنَ الْخِوَانِ وَالْقَصْعَةِ فَفَعَلْتُ ذَلِكَ مِرَارًا، وَكَفَفْتُ. ثُمَّ دُعِيَ بِعُسٍّ مِنْ عِسَاسِ الْعَرَبِ فِيهِ نَبِيذٌ شَدِيدٌ، فَشَرِبَ ثُمَّ نَاوَلَنِي فَلَمْ أُطِقْهُ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: نَأْكُلُ مِنْ هَذَا اللَّحْمِ، وَنَشْرَبُ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ هَذَا النَّبِيذِ الشَّدِيدِ فَيُقَطِّعُهُ فِي بُطُونِنَا، إِنَّا لَنَنْحَرُ لِلْمُسْلِمِينَ الْجَزُورَ فَنُطْعِمُ الْمُسْلِمِينَ أَطَائِبَهَا، وَيَأْكُلُ عُمَرُ وَآلُ عُمَرَ عُنُقَهَا، فَقُلْتُ لَهُ: إِنَّكَ مَشْغُولٌ بِحَوَائِجِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ وَقَدْ أَهَدَيْتُ لَكَ طَعَامًا يَعْصِمُكَ وَيُقَوِّيكَ، قَالَ: فَاعْرِضْهُ عَلَيَّ، قَالَ: فَأَدَّيْتُ لَهُ تِلْكَ السِّلَالَ وَكَشَفْتُ لَهُ عَنْهَا، فَقَالَ: أَقْسَمْتُ عَلَيْكَ، لَمَا لَمْ تَدَعْ أَحَدًا مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ إِلَّا أَهْدَيْتَ لَهُ مِثْلَ هَذَا، فَقُلْتُ: يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، وَاللَّهِ لَوْ جُمِعَ مَالُ قَيْسِ بْنِ عَيْلَانَ مَا وَسِعَ لِذَاكَ، فَقَالَ: ضُمَّ هَدِيَّتَكَ إِلَيْكَ، فَإِنَّهُ لَا حَاجَةَ لِي فِي شَيْءٍ لَا يُشْبِعُ الْمُسْلِمِينَ.
Translation
✧ The Conquest of Adhrabījān at the Hands of ʿUtbah And he wrote for them a document of amnesty. Al-Wāqidī and Abū Maʿshar said: It was in the year twenty-two. Sayf said: It was in the year eighteen, after the conquest of Hamadhān, al-Rayy, and Jurjān. Abū Maʿshar says that Adhrabījān was after these lands, but according to him all of them were in this year. According to al-Wāqidī, the conquest of Hamadhān and al-Rayy was in the year twenty-three; so Hamadhān was conquered by al-Mughīrah six months after the killing of ʿUmar. He said: It is said that the conquest of al-Rayy was two years before the death of ʿUmar. However, al-Wāqidī and Abū Maʿshar agree that Adhrabījān was in this year, and Ibn Jarīr and others followed them. When Nuʿaym b. Muqarrin conquered Hamadhān then al-Rayy, he had sent ahead of him Bukayr b. ʿAbd Allāh from Hamadhān to Adhrabījān, and he reinforced him with Simāk b. Kharashah. Isfandhiyādh b. al-Farrukhzādh met Bukayr and his companions before Simāk came to them, so they fought and Allah defeated the polytheists, and Bukayr captured Isfandhiyādh. Isfandhiyādh said to him: "Is peace more beloved to you or war?" He said: "Rather peace." He said: "Then keep me with you." So he kept him. Then he began to conquer town after town, and ʿUtbah b. Farqad also conquered with him town after town on the opposite side from the other direction. Then the letter of ʿUmar came, ordering Bukayr to advance to al-Bāb, and appointing Simāk in his place as deputy for ʿUtbah b. Farqad. ʿUmar combined all of Adhrabījān under ʿUtbah b. Farqad, and Bukayr handed Isfandhiyādh over to him, and he went to al-Bāb as ʿUmar commanded him. They said: Bahrām b. Farrukhzādh had confronted ʿUtbah b. Farqad, and ʿUtbah defeated him and Bahrām fled. When that reached Isfandhiyādh while he was in captivity with Bukayr, he said: "Now peace is complete and war is extinguished." So he made peace with him, and all of them agreed to that, and Adhrabījān returned to peace. ʿUtbah and Bukayr wrote about that to ʿUmar, and they sent the fifths to him. ʿUtbah wrote—when the command of Adhrabījān came to him—for its people a document of amnesty and peace. It was also said: Adhrabījān was conquered at the hands of al-Mughīrah b. Shuʿbah. Ibn Isḥāq said that. It is said that he made peace with them for eight hundred thousand dirhams. Abū ʿUbaydah said: Ḥabīb b. Maslamah al-Fihrī conquered it with the people of Syria by force, and with him were the people of al-Kūfah; among them Ḥudhayfah, so he conquered it after severe fighting. And Allah knows best. And in this expedition: ʿUtbah sent to ʿUmar ؓ some khabīṣ as a gift. From ʿUtbah b. Farqad, he said: I came to ʿUmar ؓ with baskets of khabīṣ, and I attended his morning meal. A large bowl of tharīd was brought, and he took and we took. I began to see on him something I restrained myself from—a hump. When I chewed it, I found it tough, so I sought his inattention until I placed it between the table and the bowl, and I did that several times, and then I stopped. Then a large wooden cup of the Arabs was called for, containing strong nabīdh, and he drank, then handed it to me, but I could not bear it. Then he said: "We eat this meat, and we drink with it this strong nabīdh, and it cuts it up in our bellies. Verily, we slaughter a camel for the Muslims and feed the Muslims its best parts, while ʿUmar and the family of ʿUmar eat its neck." I said to him: "You are occupied with the needs of the Muslims, and I have gifted you food that will protect you and strengthen you." He said: "Present it to me." He said: So I brought those baskets to him and uncovered them for him. He said: "I adjure you, if you have not left anyone among the Muslims except that you gifted him the like of this." I said: "O Commander of the Faithful, by Allah, if the wealth of Qays b. ʿAylān were gathered, it would not suffice for that." He said: "Take back your gift, for I have no need for something that does not satisfy the Muslims."
Grades by grader
No grade is recorded for this wording.