Tarikh (al-Tabari) 1919

The caliphate of ʿUmar b. al-Khaṭṭāb

تُوُفِّيَ فِي طَاعُونِ عَمْوَاسَ خَمْسَةٌ وَعِشْرُونَ أَلْفًا، وَنَذْكُرُ مِنْ كِبَارِهِمْ مَنْ لَهُ خَبَرٌ. 199 - أُوَيْسُ بْنُ عَامِرِ بْنِ جَرِيرِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ الْقَرَنِيُّ : وَقِيلَ: هُوَ أُوَيْسُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ، وَقِيلَ: أُوَيْسُ بْنُ الْخَلِيصِ. كَانَ مِنَ الزُّهْدِ عَلَى غَايَةٍ، كَانَ يَلْتَقِطُ الْكِسَرَ مِنَ الْمَزَابِلِ فَيَغْسِلُهَا وَيَأْكُلُ بَعْضَهَا وَيَتَصَدَّقُ بِبَعْضِهَا، وَعَرِيَ حَتَّى جَلَسَ فِي قَوْصَرِهِ. فعَنْ أَسِيرِ بْنِ جَابِرٍ، قَالَ: كَانَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ ؓ إِذَا أَتَتْ عَلَيْهِ أَمْدَادُ أَهْلِ الْيَمَنِ سَأَلَهُمْ: هَلْ فِيكُمْ أُوَيْسُ بْنُ عَامِرِ بْنِ مُرَادٍ؟ حَتَّى أَتَى عَلَى أُوَيْسٍ، فَقَالَ: أَنْتَ أُوَيْسُ بْنُ عَامِرِ بْنِ مُرَادٍ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ، قَالَ: كَانَ بِكَ بَرَصٌ فَبَرَأْتَ مِنْهُ إِلَّا مَوْضِعَ دِرْهَمٍ، قَالَ: نَعَمْ، قَالَ: لَكَ وَالِدَةٌ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ، قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ: "يَأْتِي عَلَيْكُمْ أُوَيْسُ بْنُ عَامِرٍ مَعَ أَمْدَادِ أَهْلِ الْيَمَنِ مِنْ مُرَادٍ ثُمَّ مِنْ قَرَنٍ، كَانَ بِهِ بَرَصٌ فَبَرَأَ مِنْهُ إِلَّا مَوْضِعَ دِرْهَمٍ، لَهُ وَالِدَةٌ هُوَ بِهَا بَرٌّ، لَوْ أَقْسَمَ عَلَى اللَّهِ لَأَبَرَّهُ، فَإِنِ اسْتَطَعْتَ أَنْ يَسْتَغْفِرَ لَكَ فَافْعَلْ، فَاسْتَغْفِرْ لِي. فَاسْتَغْفَرَ لَهُ، فَقَالَ عُمَرُ ؓ: أَيْنَ تُرِيدُ؟ قَالَ: الْكُوفَةَ. فَقَالَ: أَلَا أَكْتُبُ لَكَ إِلَى عَامِلِهَا فَيَسْتَوْصِي بِكَ، فَقَالَ: لَأَنْ أَكُونَ فِي غَبْرَاءِ النَّاسِ أَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ، قَالَ: فَلَمَّا كَانَ مِنَ الْعَامِ الْمُقْبِلِ حَجَّ رَجُلٌ مِنْ أَشْرَافِهِمْ، فَوَافَقَ عُمَرَ فَسَأَلَهُ عَنْ أُوَيْسٍ كَيْفَ تَرَكْتَهُ؟ قَالَ: تَرَكْتُهُ رَثَّ الْبَيْتِ، قَلِيلَ الْمَتَاعِ، فَقَالَ: سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ: "يَأْتِي عَلَيْكُمْ أُوَيْسُ بْنُ عَامِرٍ مَعَ أَمْدَادِ أَهْلِ الْيَمَنِ مِنْ مُرَادٍ ثُمَّ مِنْ قَرَنٍ، كَانَ بِهِ بَرَصٌ فَبرَأَ مِنْهُ إِلَّا مَوْضِعَ دِرْهَمٍ، لَهُ وَالِدَةٌ هُوَ بِهَا بَرٌّ، لَوْ أَقْسَمَ عَلَى اللَّهِ لَأَبَرَّهُ، فَإِنِ اسْتَطَعْتَ أَنْ يَسْتَغْفِرَ لَكَ فَافْعَلْ". فَلَمَّا قَدِمَ الْكُوفَةَ أَتَى أُوَيْسًا، فَقَالَ: اسْتَغْفِرْ لِي، فَقَالَ: أَنْتَ أَحْدَثُ عَهْدًا بِسَفْرٍ صَالِحٍ فَاسْتَغْفِرْ، لَقِيتَ عُمَرَ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ، فَاسْتَغْفَرَ لَهُ. فَفَطِنَ لَهُ النَّاسُ فَانْطَلَقَ عَلَى وَجْهِهِ، قَالَ أَسِيرٌ: وَكُسَوْتُهُ بُرْدًا، فَكَانَ إِذَا رَآهُ إِنْسَانٌ عَلَيْهِ قَالَ: مِنْ أَيْنَ لِأُوَيْسٍ هَذَا الْبُرْدُ. وعَنْ أَسِيرِ بْنِ جَابِرٍ: إِنَّ أُوَيْسًا الْقَرَنِيَّ كَانَ إِذَا حَدَّثَ يَقَعُ حَدِيثُهُ فِي قُلُوبِنَا مَوْقِعًا لَا يَقَعُ حَدِيثُ غَيْرِهِ. وعَنْ أَصْبَغَ بْنِ زَيْدٍ، قَالَ: كَانَ أُوَيْسٌ الْقَرَنِيُّ إِذَا أَمْسَى يَقُولُ: هَذِهِ لَيْلَةُ الرُّكُوعِ، فَيَرْكَعُ حَتَّى يُصْبِحَ، وَكَانَ يَقُولُ إِذَا أَمْسَى: هَذِهِ لَيْلَةُ السُّجُودِ، فَيَسْجُدُ حَتَّى يُصْبِحَ، وَكَانَ إِذَا أَمْسَى تَصَدَّقَ بِمَا فِي بَيْتِهِ مِنَ الْفَضْلِ وَالثِّيَابِ، ثُمَّ يَقُولُ: اللَّهُمَّ مَنْ مَاتَ جُوعًا فَلَا تُؤَاخِذْنِي بِهِ، وَمَنْ مَاتَ عُرْيَانًا فَلَا تُؤَاخِذْنِي بِهِ. وعَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ سَلَمَةَ، قَالَ: غَزْوْنَا أَذْرَبِيجَانَ زَمَانَ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ ؓ وَمَعَنَا أُوَيْسٌ الْقَرَنِيُّ، فَلَمَّا رَجَعْنَا مَرِضَ عَلَيْنَا فَحَمَلْنَا فَلَمْ يَسْتَمْسِكْ فَمَاتَ، فَنَزَلْتُ فَإِذَا قَبْرٌ مَحْفُورٌ، وَمَاءٌ مَسْكُوبٌ، وَكَفَنٌ وَحَنُوطٌ، فَغَسَّلْنَاهُ، وَكَفَّنَّاهُ، وَصَلَّيْنَا عَلَيْهِ، فَقَالَ بَعْضُنَا لِبَعْضٍ: لَوْ رَجَعْنَا فَعَلَّمْنَا قَبْرَهُ، فَرَجَعْنَا فَإِذَا لَا قَبْرَ وَلَا أَثَرَ. وَقَدْ رُوِيَ أَنَّهُ عَاشَ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ طَوِيلًا حَتَّى قُتِلَ مَعَ عَلِيٍّ ؓ يَوْمَ صِفِّينَ. [وَالْأَوَّلُ أَثْبَتُ]. 200 - الْحَارِثُ بْنُ هِشَامِ بْنِ الْمُغِيرَةِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ بْنِ مَخْزُومٍ الْحَارِثُ بْنُ هِشَامِ بْنِ الْمُغِيرَةِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ بْنِ مَخْزُومٍ، أَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ الْمَخْزُومِيُّ الْقُرَشِيُّ: أُمُّهُ أَسْمَاءُ بِنْتُ مَخْرَمَةَ. لَمْ يَزَلْ مُقِيمًا عَلَى كُفْرِهِ إِلَى يَوْمِ الْفَتْحِ، فَدَخَلَ عَلَى أُمِّ هَانِئٍ فَأَجَارَتْهُ، ثُمَّ لَقِيَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَأَسْلَمَ، وَشَهِدَ مَعَهُ حُنَيْنًا، فَأَعْطَاهُ مِنْ غَنَائِمِهَا مِائَةً مِنَ الْإِبِلِ، ثُمَّ لَمْ يَزَلْ مُقِيمًا بِمَكَّةَ حَتَّى تُوُفِّيَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ. فَلَمَّا جَاءَ كِتَابُ أَبِي بَكْرٍ يَسْتَنْفِرُ الْمُسْلِمِينَ إِلَى غَزْوِ الرُّومِ قَدِمَ الْمَدِينَةَ، ثُمَّ خَرَجَ غَازِيًّا إِلَى الشَّامِ، فَشَهِدَ قَحْلَ وَأَجْنَادِينَ. وَقَدْ رَوَى عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ. عَنْ أَبِي نَوْفَلِ بْنِ أَبِي عَقْرَبٍ، قَالَ: خَرَجَ الْحَارِثُ بْنُ هِشَامٍ مِنْ مَكَّةَ فَجَزِعَ أَهْلُ مَكَّةَ جَزَعًا شَدِيدًا، فَلَمْ يَبْقَ أَحَدٌ يَطْعَمُ إِلَّا خَرَجَ يُشَيِّعُهُ حَتَّى إِذَا كَانَ بِأَعْلَى الْبَطْحَاءِ أَوْ حَيْثُ شَاءَ اللَّهُ مِنْ ذَلِكَ، فَوَقَفَ وَوَقَفَ النَّاسُ حَوْلَهُ يَبْكُونَ، فَلَمَّا رَأَى جَزَعَ النَّاسِ، قَالَ: يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ، [إِنِّي] وَاللَّهِ مَا خَرَجْتُ رَغْبَةً بِنَفْسِي عَنْ أَنْفُسِكُمْ، وَلَا اخْتِيَارَ بَلَدٍ عَلَى بَلَدِكُمْ، وَلَكِنْ كَانَ الْأَمْرُ فَخَرَجَتْ فِيهِ رِجَالٌ مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ، وَاللَّهِ مَا كَانُوا مِنْ ذَوِي أَنْسَابِهَا وَلَا فِي بُيُوتَاتِهَا، فَأَصْبَحْنَا وَلَوْ أَنَّ جِبَالَ مَكَّةَ ذَهَبٌ فَأَنْفَقْنَاهَا فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ مَا أَدْرَكْنَا يَوْمًا مِنْ أَيَّامِهِمْ، وَاللَّهِ لَئِنْ فَاتُونَا بِهِ فِي الدُّنْيَا لَنَلْتَمِسَنَّ أَنْ نُشَارِكَهُمْ فِي الْآخِرَةِ، فَاتَّقَى اللَّهَ امْرُؤٌ فَتَوَجَّهَ غَازِيًا إِلَى الشَّامِ، وَاتَّبَعَهُ ثِقَلُهُ، فَأُصِيبَ شَهِيدًا. وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ: إِنَّهُ مَاتَ فِي طَاعُونِ عَمْوَاسَ مِنْ هَذِهِ السَّنَةِ. 201 - سُهَيْلُ بْنُ عَمْرِو بْنِ عَبْدِ شَمْسِ بْنِ عَبْدِ وُدِّ بْنِ نَضْرِ بْنِ مَالِكِ سُهَيْلُ بْنُ عَمْرِو بْنِ عَبْدِ شَمْسِ بْنِ عَبْدِ وُدِّ بْنِ نَضْرِ بْنِ مَالِكِ بْنِ حَسَلِ بْنِ عَامِرِ بْنِ لُؤَيٍّ، أَبُو زَيْدٍ: كَانَ مِنْ أَشْرَافِ قَوْمِهِ، وَالْمَنْظُورِ إِلَيْهِ مِنْهُمْ، شَهِدَ مَعَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ بَدْرًا، فَأَسَرَهُ مَالِكُ بْنُ الدُّخْشُمِ، ثُمَّ إِنَّهُ أَفْلَتَ، فَخَرَجَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ فِي طَلَبِهِ، وَقَالَ: "مَنْ وَجَدَهُ فَلْيَقْتُلْهُ"، فَوَجَدَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَأَمَرَ بِهِ فَرُبِطَتْ يَدُهُ إِلَى عُنُقِهِ، ثُمَّ قَرَنَهُ إِلَى رَاحِلَتِهِ، فَلَمْ يَرْكَبْ حَتَّى وَرَدَ الْمَدِينَةَ، ثُمَّ قَدِمَ فِي فِدَائِهِ مِكْرَزُ بْنُ حَفْصٍ، فَبَذَلَ أَرْبَعَةَ آلَافٍ، فَقَالُوا: هَاتِ الْمَالَ، قَالَ: نَعَمْ، اجْعَلُونِي فِي مَكَانِهِ رَهْنًا حَتَّى يُرْسَلَ إِلَيْكُمْ، فَخُلِّيَ سَبِيلُ سُهَيْلٍ، وَحَبَسُوا مِكْرَزًا، فَبَعَثَ سُهَيْلٌ بِالْمَالِ. وَسُهَيْلٌ هُوَ الَّذِي خَرَجَ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِالْحُدَيْبِيَةِ، وَكَتَبَ الْقَضِيَّةَ عَلَى أَنْ يَرْجِعَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي ذَلِكَ الْعَامِ، وَيَعُودَ مِنْ قَابِلٍ، فَأَقَامَ عَلَى دِينِهِ إِلَى زَمَانِ الْفَتْحِ. عن مُوسَى بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ التَّيْمِيُّ ]، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، قَالَ: قَالَ سُهَيْلُ بْنُ عَمْرٍو: لَمَّا دَخَلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مَكَّةَ اقْتَحَمْتُ بَيْتِي وَغَلَّقْتُ عَلَيَّ بَابِي، وَأَرْسَلْتُ إِلَى ابْنِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ -وَكَانَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ قَدْ أَسْلَمَ وَشَهِدَ بَدْرًا-: اطْلُبْ لِي جِوَارًا مِنْ مُحَمَّدٍ فَإِنِّي لَا آمَنُ أَنْ أُقْتَلَ، فَذَهَبَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، أَبِي تُؤَمِّنُهُ، فَقَالَ: "نَعَمْ هُوَ آمِنٌ بِأَمَانِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ فَلْيَظْهَرْ". ثُمَّ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ لِمَنْ حَوْلَهُ: "مَنْ لَقِيَ سُهَيْلَ بْنَ عَمْرٍو فَلَا يَشُدَّ النَّظَرَ إِلَيْهِ، فَلَعَمْرِي أَنَّ سُهَيْلًا لَهُ عَقْلٌ وَشَرَفٌ، وَمَا مِثْلُ سُهَيْلٍ جَهِلَ الْإِسْلَامَ"، فَخَرَجَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ سُهَيْلٍ إِلَى أَبِيهِ فَخَبَّرَهُ بِمَقَالَةِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَقَالَ سُهَيْلٌ: كَانَ -وَاللَّهِ- بَرًّا صَغِيرًا وَكَبِيرًا، فَكَانَ سُهَيْلٌ يُقْبِلُ وَيُدْبِرُ آمِنًا، وَخَرَجَ إِلَى حُنَيْنٍ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَهُوَ عَلَى شِرْكِهِ حَتَّى أَسْلَمَ بِالْجِعْرَانَةَ، فَأَعْطَاهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مِنْ غَنَائِمِ حُنَيْنٍ مِائَةً مِنَ الْإِبِلِ. [قَالَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عُمَرَ: حَدَّثَنِي] ابْنُ قَمَاذِينَ، قَالَ: لَمْ يَكُنْ أَحَدٌ مِنْ كُبَرَاءِ قُرَيْشٍ الَّذِينَ تَأَخَّرَ إِسْلَامُهُمْ فَأَسْلَمُوا يَوْمَ فَتْحِ مَكَّةَ أَكْثَرَ صَلَاةً وَلَا صَوْمًا وَلَا صَدَقَةً وَلَا أَقْبَلَ عَلَى مَا يُعِينُهُ مِنْ أَمْرِ الْآخِرَةِ مِنْ سُهَيْلِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو، حَتَّى إِنْ كَانَ لَقَدْ شَحَبَ وَتَغَيَّرَ لَوْنُهُ، وَكَانَ يُكْثِرُ الْبُكَاءَ رَقِيقًا عِنْدَ سَمَاعِ الْقُرْآنِ. وَلَقَدْ رُئِيَ يَخْتَلِفُ إِلَى مُعَاذِ بْنِ جَبَلٍ يُقْرِئُهُ [الْقُرْآنَ] وَهُوَ بِمَكَّةَ حَتَّى خَرَجَ مُعَاذٌ مِنْ مَكَّةَ، وَحَتَّى قَالَ لَهُ ضِرَارُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ: يَا أَبَا يَزِيدَ، يَخْتَلِفُ إِلَيَّ هَذَا الْخَزْرَجِيُّ يُقْرِئُكَ الْقُرْآنَ، أَلَا يَكُونُ اخْتِلَافُكَ إِلَى رَجُلٍ مِنْ قَوْمِكَ، فَقَالَ: يَا ضِرَارُ، إِنَّ هَذَا الَّذِي صَنَعَ بِنَا مَا صَنَعَ حَتَّى سَبَقَنَا كُلَّ السَّبْقِ، إِنِّي لَعَمْرِي أَخْتَلِفُ إِلَيْهِ، فَقَدْ وَضَعَ الْإِسْلَامُ أَمْرَ الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ، وَرَفَعَ أَقْوَامًا بِالْإِسْلَامِ كَانُوا فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ كَانُوا لَا يُذْكَرُونَ، فَلَيْتَنَا [كُنَّا] مَعَ أُولَئِكَ فَتَقَدَّمْنَا وَإِنِّي لَأَذْكُرُ مَا قَسَمَ اللَّهُ لِي فِي تَقَدُّمِ إِسْلَامِ أَهْلِ بَيْتِي الرَّجَالِ وَالنِّسَاءِ وَمَوْلَايَ عُمَيْرِ بْنِ عَوْفٍ فَأُسَرُّ بِهِ وَأَحْمَدُ اللَّهَ عَلَيْهِ، وَأَرْجُو أَنْ يَكُونَ اللَّهُ يَنْفَعُنِي بِدُعَائِهِمْ أَنْ لَا أَكُونَ مِتُّ أَوْ قُتِلْتُ عَلَى مَا مَاتَ نُظَرَائِي أَوْ قُتِلُوا، قَدْ شَهِدْتُ مَوَاطِنَ كُلُّهَا أَنَا فِيهَا مُعَانِدٌ لِلْحَقِّ: يَوْمَ بَدْرٍ، وَيَوْمَ أُحُدٍ، وَالْخَنْدَقَ. وَأَنَا وُلِّيتُ أَمْرَ الْكِتَابِ يَوْمَ الْحُدَيْبِيَةِ، يَا ضِرَارُ إِنِّي لَأَذْكُرُ مُرَاجَعَتِي رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَوْمَئِذٍ، وَمَا كُنْتُ أَلَظُّ بِهِ مِنَ الْبَاطِلِ، فَأَسْتَحِي مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَأَنَا بِمَكَّةَ وَهُوَ بِالْمَدِينَةِ، وَلَكِنْ مَا كَانَ فِينَا مِنَ الشِّرْكِ أَعْظَمُ مِنْ ذَلِكَ. وَلَقَدْ رَأَيْتُنِي يَوْمَ بَدْرٍ وَأَنَا فِي حَيِّزِ الْمُشْرِكِينَ وَأَنَا أَنْظُرُ إِلَى ابْنِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ وَمَوْلَايَ عُمَيْرِ بْنِ عَوْفٍ قَدْ فَرَّا مِنِّي فَصَارَا فِي حَيِّزِ مُحَمَّدٍ ﷺ، وَمَا عُمِّيَ عَلَيَّ يَوْمَئِذٍ مِنَ الْحَقِّ لِمَا أَنَا فِيهِ مِنَ الْجَهَالَةِ، وَمَا أَرَادَهُمَا اللَّهُ بِهِ مِنَ الْخَيْرِ، ثُمَّ قُتِلَ ابْنِي عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ سُهَيْلٍ يَوْمَ الْيَمَامَةِ شَهِيدًا، فَعَزَّانِي أَبُو بَكْرٍ ؓ وَقَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: "إِنَّ الشَّهِيدَ لَيَشْفَعُ [لِسَبْعِينَ] مِنْ أَهْلِ بَيْتِهِ"، فَأَنَا أَرْجُو أَنْ أَكُونَ أَوَّلَ مَنْ يَشْفَعُ لَهُ. عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدِ بْنِ أَبِي فَضَالَةَ الْأَنْصَارِيِّ ]، قَالَ: اصْطَحَبْتُ أَنَا وَسُهَيْلُ بْنُ عَمْرٍو إِلَى الشَّامِ لَيَالِيَ أَغْزَانَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقُ، فَسَمِعْتُ سُهَيْلًا يَقُولُ: [سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ]: "مُقَامُ أَحَدِكُمْ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ سَاعَةً خَيْرٌ مِنْ عَمَلِهِ [عُمْرَهَ] فِي أَهْلِهِ"، قَالَ سُهَيْلٌ: وَأَنَا أُرَابِطُ حَتَّى أَمُوتَ وَلَا أَرْجِعَ إِلَى مَكَّةَ أَبَدًا. فَلَمْ يَزَلْ بِالشَّامِ حَتَّى مَاتَ فِي طَاعُونِ عَمْوَاسَ سَنَةَ ثَمَانِ عَشَرَةَ. وعن جَرِيرُ بْنُ حَازِمٍ، قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ] الْحَسَنَ قَالَ: حَضَرَ بَابَ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ سُهَيْلُ بْنُ عَمْرٍو، وَالْحَارِثُ بْنُ هِشَامٍ، وَأَبُو سُفْيَانَ بْنُ حَرْبٍ، وَنَفَرٌ مِنَ تِلْكَ الرُّءُوسِ، وَصُهَيْبٌ، وَبِلَالٌ، وَتِلْكَ الْمَوَالِي الَّذِينَ شَهِدُوا بَدْرًا، فَخَرَجَ إِذْنُ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ ؓ فَأَذِنَ لَهُمْ وَتَرَكَ هَؤُلَاءِ، فَقَالَ أَبُو سُفْيَانَ: لَمْ أَرَ كَالْيَوْمِ قَطُّ، يَأْذَنُ لِهَؤُلَاءِ الْعَبِيدِ وَيَتْرُكُنَا عَلَى بَابِهِ لَا يَلْتَفِتُ إِلَيْنَا، فَقَالَ سُهَيْلُ بْنُ عَمْرٍو -وَكَانَ رَجُلًا عَاقِلًا: أَيُّهَا الْقَوْمُ، إِنِّي -وَاللَّهِ- قَدْ أَرَى الَّذِي فِي وُجُوهِكُمْ، إِنْ كُنْتُمْ غِضَابًا فَاغْضَبُوا عَلَى أَنْفُسِكُمْ، دُعِيَ الْقَوْمُ وَدُعِيتُمْ فَأَسْرَعُوا وَأَبْطَأْتُمْ فَكَيْفَ بِكُمْ إِذَا دُعُوا يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ وَتُرِكْتُمْ، أَمَا وَاللَّهِ لَمَا سَبَقُوكُمْ إِلَيْهِ مِنَ الْفَضْلِ مِمَّا لَا تَرَوْنَ أَشَدُّ عَلَيْكُمْ قُوةً مِنْ بَابِكُمْ هَذَا الَّذِي تُنَافِسُونَهُمْ عَلَيْهِ. قَالَ: وَنَفَضَ ثَوْبَهُ وَانْطَلَقَ. قَالَ الْحَسَنُ: [وَ] صَدَقَ -وَاللَّهِ- سُهَيْلٌ، لَا يَجْعَلُ اللَّهُ عَبْدًا أَسْرَعَ إِلَيْهِ كَعَبْدٍ أَبْطَأَ عَنْهُ شُرَحْبِيلُ ابْنُ حَسَنَةَ ، أَحَدُ أُمَرَاءِ الْأَرْبَاعِ، وَهُوَ أَمِيرُ فِلَسْطِينَ، وَهُوَ شُرَحْبِيلُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الْمُطَاعِ بْنِ قَطَنٍ الْكِنْدِيُّ، حَلِيفُ بَنِي زُهْرَةَ. وَحَسَنَةُ أُمُّهُ، نُسِبَ إِلَيْهَا وَغَلَبَ عَلَيْهِ ذَلِكَ. أَسْلَمَ قَدِيمًا وَهَاجَرَ إِلَى الْحَبَشَةِ، وَجَهَّزَهُ الصِّدِّيقُ إِلَى الشَّامِ فَكَانَ أَمِيرًا عَلَى رُبُعِ الْجَيْشِ، وَكَذَلِكَ فِي الدَّوْلَةِ الْعُمَرِيَّةِ، وَطُعِنَ هُوَ وَأَبُو عُبَيْدَةَ، وَأَبُو مَالِكٍ الْأَشْعَرِيُّ فِي يَوْمٍ وَاحِدٍ سَنَةَ ثَمَانِيَ عَشْرَةَ. عَامِرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الْجَرَّاحِ عَامِرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الْجَرَّاحِ ابْنُ هِلَالِ بْنِ أُهَيْبِ بْنِ ضَبَّةَ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ بْنِ فِهْرٍ الْقُرَشِيُّ، أَبُو عُبَيْدَةَ بْنُ الْجَرَّاحِ، الْفِهْرِيُّ، أَمِينُ هَذِهِ الْأُمَّةِ، وَأَحَدُ الْعَشْرَةِ الْمَشْهُودِ لَهُمْ بِالْجَنَّةِ، وَأَحَدُ الْخَمْسَةِ الَّذِينَ أَسْلَمُوا فِي يَوْمٍ وَاحِدٍ، وَهُمْ ; عُثْمَانُ بْنُ مَظْعُونٍ، وَعُبَيْدَةُ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ، وَعَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ عَوْفٍ، وَأَبُو سَلَمَةَ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْأَسَدِ، وَأَبُو عُبَيْدَةَ بْنُ الْجَرَّاحِ. أَسْلَمُوا عَلَى يَدَيِ الصِّدِّيقِ. وَلَمَّا هَاجَرُوا آخَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ، ﷺ، بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَ سَعْدِ بْنِ مُعَاذٍ، وَقِيلَ: بَيْنَ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مَسْلَمَةَ. وَقَدْ شَهِدَ بَدْرًا وَمَا بَعْدَهَا، وَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ، ﷺ،: إِنَّ لِكُلِّ أُمَّةٍ أَمِينًا، وَأَمِينُ هَذِهِ الْأُمَّةِ أَبُو عُبَيْدَةَ بْنُ الْجَرَّاحِ ثَبَتَ ذَلِكَ فِي " الصَّحِيحَيْنِ ". وَثَبَتَ فِي " الصَّحِيحَيْنِ " أَيْضًا أَنَّ الصِّدِّيقَ قَالَ يَوْمَ السَّقِيفَةِ: وَقَدْ رَضِيتُ لَكُمْ أَحَدَ هَذَيْنِ الرَّجُلَيْنِ فَبَايِعُوهُ. يَعْنِي عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ وَأَبَا عُبَيْدَةَ. وَبَعَثَهُ الصِّدِّيقُ أَمِيرًا عَلَى رُبُعِ الْجَيْشِ إِلَى الشَّامِ، ثُمَّ لَمَّا انْتَدَبَ خَالِدًا مِنَ الْعِرَاقِ كَانَ أَمِيرًا عَلَى أَبِي عُبَيْدَةَ وَغَيْرِهِ، لِعِلْمِهِ بِالْحُرُوبِ. فَلَمَّا انْتَهَتِ الْخِلَافَةُ إِلَى عُمَرَ عَزَلَ خَالِدًا وَوَلَّى أَبَا عُبَيْدَةَ بْنَ الْجَرَّاحِ، وَأَمَرَهُ أَنْ يَسْتَشِيرَ خَالِدًا، فَجَمَعَ لِلْأُمَّةِ بَيْنَ أَمَانَةِ أَبِي عُبَيْدَةَ وَشَجَاعَةِ خَالِدٍ. قَالَ ابْنُ عَسَاكِرَ: وَهُوَ أَوَّلُ مَنْ سُمِّيَ أَمِيرَ الْأُمَرَاءِ بِالشَّامِ . قَالُوا: وَكَانَ أَبُو عُبَيْدَةَ طِوَالًا نَحِيفًا، أَجْنَأَ مَعْرُوقَ الْوَجْهِ، خَفِيفَ اللِّحْيَةِ، أَهْتَمَ؛ وَذَلِكَ لِأَنَّهُ لَمَّا انْتَزَعَ الْحَلْقَتَيْنِ مِنْ وَجْنَتَيْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ، ﷺ، يَوْمَ أُحُدٍ خَافَ أَنْ يُؤْلِمَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، ﷺ،، فَتَحَامَلَ عَلَى ثَنَيَّتَيْهِ فَسَقَطَتَا، فَمَا رُئِيَ أَحْسَنُ هَتْمًا مِنْهُ. تُوُفِّيَ بِالطَّاعُونِ عَامَ عَمَوَاسَ، كَمَا تَقَدَّمَ سِيَاقُهُ فِي سَنَةِ سَبْعَ عَشْرَةَ، عَنْ سَيْفِ بْنِ عُمَرَ - وَالصَّحِيحُ أَنَّ عَمَوَاسَ كَانَتْ فِي هَذِهِ السَّنَةِ سَنَةَ ثَمَانِيَ عَشْرَةَ - بِقَرْيَةِ فِحْلَ. وَقِيلَ: بِالْجَابِيَةِ. وَقَدِ اشْتُهِرَ فِي هَذِهِ الْأَعْصَارِ قَبْرٌ بِالْقُرْبِ مِنْ عَقَبَةِ عُمَيَّاءَ بِالْغُورِ يُنْسَبُ إِلَيْهِ. وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ. وَعُمُرُهُ يَوْمَ مَاتَ ثَمَانٍ وَخَمْسُونَ سَنَةً. الْفَضْلُ بْنُ عَبَّاسِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ الْفَضْلُ بْنُ عَبَّاسِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ، كَانَ حَسَنًا وَسِيمًا جَمِيلًا، أَرْدَفَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ، ﷺ، وَرَاءَهُ يَوْمَ النَّحْرِ مِنْ حَجَّةِ الْوَدَاعِ، وَهُوَ شَابٌّ حَسَنٌ. وَقَدْ شَهِدَ فَتْحَ الشَّامِ وَاسْتُشْهِدَ بِطَاعُونِ عَمَوَاسَ فِي قَوْلِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ، وَالزُّبَيْرِ بْنِ بَكَّارٍ، وَأَبِي حَاتِمٍ، وَابْنِ الْبَرْقِيِّ، وَهُوَ الصَّحِيحُ. وَقِيلَ: يَوْمَ مَرْجِ الصُّفَّرِ. وَقِيلَ: بِأَجْنَادِينَ. وَيُقَالُ: بِالْيَرْمُوكِ. وَيُقَالُ: سَنَةَ ثَمَانٍ وَعِشْرِينَ مُعَاذُ بْنُ جَبَلٍ مُعَاذُ بْنُ جَبَلٍ ابْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ أَوْسِ بْنِ عَائِذِ بْنِ عَدِيِّ بْنِ كَعْبِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ أُدَيِّ بْنِ سَعْدِ بْنِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَسَدِ بْنِ سَارِدَةَ بْنِ يَزِيدَ بْنِ جُشَمَ بْنِ الْخَزْرَجِ الْأَنْصَارِيُّ الْخَزْرَجِيُّ، أَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ الْمَدَنِيُّ، صَحَابِيٌّ جَلِيلٌ كَبِيرُ الْقَدْرِ. قَالَ الْوَاقِدِيُّ: كَانَ طِوَالًا حَسَنَ الشَّعْرِ وَالثَّغْرِ بَرَّاقَ الثَّنَايَا، لَمْ يُولَدْ لَهُ. وَقَالَ غَيْرُهُ: بَلْ وُلِدَ لَهُ وَلَدٌ، وَهُوَ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ. شَهِدَ مَعَهُ الْيَرْمُوكَ. وَقَدْ شَهِدَ مُعَاذٌ الْعَقَبَةَ. وَلَمَّا هَاجَرَ النَّاسُ آخَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ، ﷺ، بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ، وَحَكَى الْوَاقِدِيُّ الْإِجْمَاعَ عَلَى ذَلِكَ. وَقَدْ قَالَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ: آخَى بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ. وَشَهِدَ بَدْرًا وَمَا بَعْدَهَا. وَكَانَ أَحَدَ الْأَرْبَعَةِ مِنَ الْخَزْرَجِ، الَّذِينَ جَمَعُوا الْقُرْآنَ فِي حَيَاةِ النَّبِيِّ، ﷺ، وَهُمْ: أُبَيُّ بْنُ كَعْبٍ، وَزَيْدُ بْنُ ثَابِتٍ، وَمُعَاذُ بْنُ جَبَلٍ، وَأَبُو زَيْدٍ عَمُّ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ وَصَحَّ فِي الْحَدِيثِ الَّذِي رَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ وَالنَّسَائِيُّ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ حَيْوَةَ بْنِ شُرَيْحٍ عَنْ عُقْبَةَ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ، عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ الْحُبُلِيِّ، عَنِ الصُّنَابِحِيِّ، عَنْ مُعَاذٍ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، ﷺ، قَالَ لَهُ: يَا مُعَاذُ وَاللَّهِ إِنِّي لَأُحِبُّكَ، فَلَا تَدَعَنَّ أَنْ تَقُولَ فِي دُبُرِ كُلِّ صَلَاةٍ: اللَّهُمَّ أَعِنِّي عَلَى ذِكْرِكَ وَشُكْرِكَ وَحُسْنِ عِبَادَتِكَ وَفِي الْمُسْنَدِ وَالنَّسَائِيِّ، وَابْنِ مَاجَهْ، مِنْ طَرِيقِ أَبِي قِلَابَةَ، عَنْ أَنَسٍ مَرْفُوعًا: " وَأَعْلَمُهُمْ بِالْحَلَالِ وَالْحَرَامِ مُعَاذُ بْنُ جَبَلٍ ". وَقَدْ بَعَثَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ، ﷺ، إِلَى الْيَمَنِ، وَقَالَ لَهُ: " بِمَ تَحْكُمُ ؟ ". فَقَالَ: بِكِتَابِ اللَّهِ. الْحَدِيثَ. وَكَذَلِكَ أَقَرَّهُ الصِّدِّيقُ عَلَى ذَلِكَ يُعَلِّمُ النَّاسَ الْخَيْرَ بِالْيَمَنِ. ثُمَّ هَاجَرَ إِلَى الشَّامِ فَكَانَ بِهَا حَتَّى مَاتَ بَعْدَ مَا اسْتَخْلَفَهُ أَبُو عُبَيْدَةَ حِينَ طُعِنَ، ثُمَّ طُعِنَ بَعْدَهُ فِي هَذِهِ السَّنَةِ. وَقَدْ قَالَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ: إِنَّ مُعَاذًا يُبْعَثُ أَمَامَ الْعُلَمَاءِ بِرَبْوَةٍ. وَقَالَ ابْنُ مَسْعُودٍ: كُنَّا نُشَبِّهُهُ بِإِبْرَاهِيمَ الْخَلِيلِ. وَقَالَ ابْنُ مَسْعُودٍ: إِنَّ مُعَاذًا كَانَ أُمَّةً قَانِتًا لِلَّهِ حَنِيفًا وَلَمْ يَكُ مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ. وَكَانَتْ وَفَاتُهُ شَرْقِيَّ غَوْرِ بَيْسَانَ سَنَةَ ثَمَانِيَ عَشْرَةَ. وَقِيلَ: سَنَةَ تِسْعَ عَشْرَةَ. وَقِيلَ: سَبْعَ عَشْرَةَ، عَنْ ثَمَانٍ وَثَلَاثِينَ، عَلَى الْمَشْهُورِ. وَقِيلَ غَيْرُ ذَلِكَ. وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ. يَزِيدُ بْنُ أَبِي سُفْيَانَ يَزِيدُ بْنُ أَبِي سُفْيَانَ ، أَبُو خَالِدٍ، صَخْرُ بْنُ حَرْبِ بْنِ أُمَيَّةَ بْنِ عَبْدِ شَمْسِ بْنِ عَبْدِ مَنَافٍ الْقُرَشِيُّ الْأُمَوِيُّ، أَخُو مُعَاوِيَةَ، وَكَانَ يَزِيدُ أَكْبَرَ وَأَفْضَلَ. وَكَانَ يُقَالُ لَهُ: يَزِيدُ الْخَيْرِ. أَسْلَمَ عَامَ الْفَتْحِ، وَحَضَرَ حُنَيْنًا، وَأَعْطَاهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ، ﷺ، مِائَةً مِنَ الْإِبِلِ وَأَرْبَعِينَ أُوقِيَّةً، وَاسْتَعْمَلَهُ الصِّدِّيقُ عَلَى رُبُعِ الْجَيْشِ إِلَى الشَّامِ وَهُوَ أَوَّلُ أَمِيرٍ وَصَلَ إِلَيْهَا، وَمَشَى الصِّدِّيقُ فِي رِكَابِهِ يُوصِيهِ، وَبَعَثَ مَعَهُ أَبَا عُبَيْدَةَ، وَعَمْرَو بْنَ الْعَاصِ، وَشُرَحْبِيلَ بْنَ حَسَنَةَ؛ فَهَؤُلَاءِ أُمَرَاءُ الْأَرْبَاعِ. وَلَمَّا افْتَتَحُوا دِمَشْقَ دَخَلَ هُوَ مِنْ بَابِ الْجَابِيَةِ الصَّغِيرِ عَنْوَةً كَخَالِدٍ فِي دُخُولِهِ مِنَ الْبَابِ الشَّرْقِيِّ عَنْوَةً، وَكَانَ الصِّدِّيقُ قَدْ وَعَدَهُ بِإِمْرَتِهَا، فَوَلِيَهَا عَنْ أَمْرِ عُمَرَ وَأَنْفَذَ لَهُ مَا وَعَدَهُ الصِّدِّيقُ، وَكَانَ أَوَّلَ مَنْ وَلِيَهَا مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ. الْمَشْهُورُ أَنَّهُ مَاتَ فِي طَاعُونِ عَمَوَاسَ كَمَا تَقَدَّمَ. وَزَعَمَ الْوَلِيدُ بْنُ مُسْلِمٍ، أَنَّهُ تُوُفِّيَ سَنَةَ تِسْعَ عَشْرَةَ بَعْدَمَا فَتَحَ قَيْسَارِيَّةَ. وَلَمَّا مَاتَ كَانَ قَدِ اسْتَخْلَفَ أَخَاهُ مُعَاوِيَةَ عَلَى دِمَشْقَ فَأَمْضَى عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ لَهُ ذَلِكَ، ؓ. وَلَيْسَ فِي الْكُتُبِ شَيْءٌ، وَقَدْ رَوَى عَنْهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْأَشْعَرِيُّ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، ﷺ، قَالَ: مَثَلُ الَّذِي يُصَلِّي وَلَا يُتِمُّ رُكُوعَهُ وَلَا سُجُودَهُ، مَثَلُ الْجَائِعِ الَّذِي لَا يَأْكُلُ إِلَّا التَّمْرَةَ وَالتَّمْرَتَيْنِ، لَا يُغْنِيَانِ عَنْهُ شَيْئًا أَبُو جَنْدَلِ بْنُ سُهَيْلِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو أَبُو جَنْدَلِ بْنُ سُهَيْلِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو ، وَقِيلَ: اسْمُهُ الْعَاصُ. أَسْلَمُ قَدِيمًا، وَقَدْ جَاءَ يَوْمَ صُلْحِ الْحُدَيْبِيَةِ مُسْلِمًا يَرْسُفُ فِي قُيُودِهِ؛ لِأَنَّهُ كَانَ قَدِ اسْتُضْعِفَ فَرَدَّهُ أَبَوْهُ، وَأَبَى أَنْ يُصَالِحَ حَتَّى يُرَدَّ، ثُمَّ لَحِقَ أَبُو جَنْدَلٍ بِأَبِي بَصِيرٍ إِلَى سَيْفِ الْبَحْرِ، ثُمَّ هَاجَرَ إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ وَشَهِدَ فَتْحَ الشَّامِ. وَقَدْ تَقَدَّمَ أَنَّهُ تَأَوَّلَ آيَةَ الْخَمْرِ ثُمَّ رَجَعَ. وَمَاتَ بِطَاعُونِ عَمَوَاسَ. رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ وَرَضِيَ عَنْهُ. أَبُو مَالِكٍ الْأَشْعَرِيُّ أَبُو مَالِكٍ الْأَشْعَرِيُّ ، قِيلَ: اسْمُهُ كَعْبُ بْنُ عَاصِمٍ. قَدِمَ مُهَاجِرًا سَنَةَ خَيْبَرَ مَعَ أَصْحَابِ السَّفِينَةِ، وَشَهِدَ مَا بَعْدَهَا. وَاسْتُشْهِدَ بِالطَّاعُونِ عَامَ عَمَوَاسَ هُوَ وَأَبُو عُبَيْدَةَ وَمُعَاذٌ فِي يَوْمٍ وَاحِدٍ، ؓ أَجْمَعِينَ.

Translation

✧ Twenty-five thousand died in the plague of ʿAmwās, and we mention those of their prominent figures who have reports. 199 – Uways b. ʿĀmir b. Jarīr b. Mālik al-Qaranī: It was said: he is Uways b. Anas, and it was said: Uways b. al-Khalīṣ. He was of the utmost asceticism. He would pick up pieces of bread from garbage heaps, wash them, eat some of them, and give some as charity. He remained bare until he sat in his basket. From Usayr b. Jābir, who said: When reinforcements from the people of Yemen came to ʿUmar b. al-Khaṭṭāb ؓ, he would ask them: Is Uways b. ʿĀmir b. Murād among you? Until he came upon Uways and said: Are you Uways b. ʿĀmir b. Murād? He said: Yes. He said: You had leprosy and were cured of it except for a spot the size of a dirham? He said: Yes. He said: Do you have a mother? He said: Yes. He said: I heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ say: “Uways b. ʿĀmir will come to you with the reinforcements of the people of Yemen, from Murād, then from Qaran. He had leprosy and was cured of it except for a spot the size of a dirham. He has a mother and is dutiful to her. If he swore by Allah, Allah would fulfill his oath. If you can have him ask forgiveness for you, then do so.” So ask forgiveness for me. He asked forgiveness for him. Then ʿUmar ؓ said: Where do you want to go? He said: Kufa. He said: Shall I write for you to its governor so that he takes good care of you? He said: To be among the dust of the people is more beloved to me. He said: When the next year came, a man from their nobles performed Hajj and met ʿUmar, who asked him about Uways: How did you leave him? He said: I left him with a shabby house and few possessions. He said: I heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ say: “Uways b. ʿĀmir will come to you with the reinforcements of the people of Yemen, from Murād, then from Qaran. He had leprosy and was cured of it except for a spot the size of a dirham. He has a mother and is dutiful to her. If he swore by Allah, Allah would fulfill his oath. If you can have him ask forgiveness for you, then do so.” When he came to Kufa, he went to Uways and said: Ask forgiveness for me. He said: You have a more recent journey with a righteous man, so ask forgiveness for me. Did you meet ʿUmar? He said: Yes. So he asked forgiveness for him. Then people became aware of him, and he departed on his way. Usayr said: I clothed him with a striped garment, and whenever a person saw it on him, he would say: Where did Uways get this striped garment? From Usayr b. Jābir: When Uways al-Qaranī spoke, his words fell upon our hearts in a way that no one else's words did. From Aṣbagh b. Zayd, who said: When evening came, Uways al-Qaranī would say: This is the night of bowing, and he would bow until morning. When evening came, he would say: This is the night of prostration, and he would prostrate until morning. When evening came, he would give away as charity whatever surplus food and clothes were in his house, then say: O Allah, whoever died of hunger, do not hold me accountable for him; whoever died naked, do not hold me accountable for him. From ʿAbd Allāh b. Salama, who said: We raided Azerbaijan in the time of ʿUmar b. al-Khaṭṭāb ؓ, and Uways al-Qaranī was with us. When we returned, he fell ill among us. We carried him, but he did not hold on, and he died. I dismounted and found a dug grave, poured water, a shroud, and perfume. We washed him, shrouded him, and prayed over him. Some of us said to one another: If we return, let us mark his grave. We returned, and behold, there was neither grave nor trace. It has been reported that he lived a long time after that, until he was killed with ʿAlī ؓ on the day of Ṣiffīn. [The former is more reliable.] 200 – Al-Ḥārith b. Hishām b. al-Mughīra b. ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿUmar b. Makhzūm, Abū ʿAbd al-Raḥmān al-Makhzūmī al-Qurashī: His mother was Asmāʾ bt. Makhrama. He remained upon his disbelief until the day of the conquest. He entered upon Umm Hāniʾ, and she granted him protection. Then he met the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and became Muslim. He witnessed Ḥunayn with him, and he gave him one hundred camels from its spoils. Then he remained in Makkah until the Messenger of Allah ﷺ died. When Abū Bakr’s letter came summoning the Muslims to raid the Byzantines, he came to Madinah, then went out as a warrior to Syria. He witnessed Qaḥl and Ajnādayn. He narrated from the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. From Abū Nawfal b. Abī ʿAqrab, who said: Al-Ḥārith b. Hishām departed from Makkah, and the people of Makkah grieved intensely. No one who ate remained except that he went out to see him off, until when he was at the upper part of al-Baṭḥāʾ or wherever Allah willed of that, he stopped, and the people stopped around him, weeping. When he saw the people's grief, he said: O people, by Allah, I did not go out preferring myself over you, nor choosing a land over your land, but the matter arose, and men of Quraysh went out for it. By Allah, they were not of its noblest lineages nor in its great houses. We have become such that if the mountains of Makkah were gold and we spent them in the path of Allah, we would not attain a single day of their days. By Allah, if they have beaten us to it in this world, let us strive to share with them in the Hereafter. Let a man fear Allah and set out as a warrior to Syria, and let his baggage follow him. He was struck down as a martyr. In another narration: He died in the plague of ʿAmwās in this year. 201 – Suhayl b. ʿAmr b. ʿAbd Shams b. ʿAbd Wudd b. Naḍr b. Mālik b. Ḥasal b. ʿĀmir b. Luʾayy, Abū Zayd: He was one of the nobles of his people and the one looked to among them. He witnessed Badr with the polytheists, and Mālik b. al-Dukhshum captured him. Then he escaped, and the Prophet ﷺ went out in pursuit of him and said: “Whoever finds him, let him kill him.” The Messenger of Allah ﷺ found him, ordered him bound, and his hand was tied to his neck. Then he was tied to his riding camel, and he did not ride until he reached Madinah. Then Mikraz b. Ḥafṣ came to ransom him and offered four thousand. They said: Bring the money. He said: Yes, place me in his place as a hostage until it is sent to you. So Suhayl was released, and they detained Mikraz. Suhayl then sent the money. Suhayl is the one who went out to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ at al-Ḥudaybiya, and he wrote the treaty on the condition that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ return that year and come back the next. He remained upon his religion until the time of the conquest. From Mūsā b. Muḥammad b. Ibrāhīm b. al-Ḥārith al-Taymī, from his father, who said: Suhayl b. ʿAmr said: When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ entered Makkah, I rushed into my house and locked my door. I sent to my son ʿAbd Allāh—and ʿAbd Allāh had become Muslim and witnessed Badr—asking him to seek protection for me from Muḥammad, for I do not feel safe from being killed. ʿAbd Allāh went to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and said: O Messenger of Allah, will you grant my father safety? He said: “Yes, he is safe by the protection of Allah, Mighty and Majestic; let him appear.” Then the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said to those around him: “Whoever meets Suhayl b. ʿAmr, let him not stare at him, for by my life, Suhayl has intelligence and nobility, and a man like Suhayl is not ignorant of Islam.” ʿAbd Allāh b. Suhayl went out to his father and told him what the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said. Suhayl said: By Allah, he was kind to young and old. So Suhayl came and went safely, and he went out to Ḥunayn with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ while still upon his polytheism, until he became Muslim at al-Jiʿrāna. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ gave him one hundred camels from the spoils of Ḥunayn. Muḥammad b. ʿUmar said: Ibn Qamādhīn narrated to me, saying: There was no one among the elders of Quraysh whose Islam was delayed and who became Muslim on the day of the conquest of Makkah who prayed, fasted, gave charity more, or devoted himself more to what would aid him in the affairs of the Hereafter than Suhayl b. ʿAmr, until he became gaunt and his complexion changed. He wept much and was tender when hearing the Quran. He was seen going regularly to Muʿādh b. Jabal, who taught him the Quran while he was in Makkah, until Muʿādh left Makkah. Ḍirār b. al-Khaṭṭāb said to him: O Abā Yazīd, you go regularly to this Khazrajī to teach you the Quran; why not go to a man of your own people? He said: O Ḍirār, this man has done to us what he has done until he outran us in every race. By my life, I do go to him, for Islam has set aside the affairs of the Age of Ignorance and raised people by Islam who were not mentioned in the Age of Ignorance. Would that we had been with those who went ahead. I remember what Allah apportioned for me in the early Islam of my household, men and women, and my freedman ʿUmayr b. ʿAwf, and I rejoice in it and praise Allah for it. I hope that Allah will benefit me through their supplications, that I not die or be killed as my peers died or were killed. I witnessed all those battles, and in them I opposed the truth: the day of Badr, the day of Uḥud, and the Trench. I was put in charge of the document on the day of al-Ḥudaybiya. O Ḍirār, I remember my arguments with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ that day and the falsehood I persisted in, and I feel ashamed before the Messenger of Allah ﷺ while I am in Makkah and he is in Madinah. But the polytheism among us was greater than that. I saw myself on the day of Badr among the ranks of the polytheists, looking at my son ʿAbd Allāh and my freedman ʿUmayr b. ʿAwf, who had fled from me and joined the ranks of Muḥammad ﷺ. The truth was not hidden from me that day because of the ignorance I was in, nor the good that Allah intended for them. Then my son ʿAbd Allāh b. Suhayl was killed as a martyr on the day of al-Yamāma, and Abū Bakr ؓ consoled me and said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: “A martyr will intercede for seventy of his household.” I hope to be the first for whom he intercedes. From Abū Saʿīd b. Abī Faḍāla al-Anṣārī, who said: Suhayl b. ʿAmr and I accompanied each other to Syria in the nights when Abū Bakr al-Ṣiddīq sent us raiding. I heard Suhayl say: I heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ say: “The station of one of you in the path of Allah for an hour is better than his work for his whole life among his family.” Suhayl said: I will remain at the frontier until I die and never return to Makkah. He remained in Syria until he died in the plague of ʿAmwās in the year eighteen. From Jarīr b. Ḥāzim, who said: I heard al-Ḥasan say: At the door of ʿUmar b. al-Khaṭṭāb stood Suhayl b. ʿAmr, al-Ḥārith b. Hishām, Abū Sufyān b. Ḥarb, and a group of those leaders, along with Ṣuhayb, Bilāl, and those freedmen who had witnessed Badr. Then permission from ʿUmar b. al-Khaṭṭāb ؓ came, and he admitted them and left those others. Abū Sufyān said: I have never seen anything like today: he admits these slaves and leaves us at his door without paying attention to us. Suhayl b. ʿAmr—and he was a wise man—said: O people, by Allah, I see what is in your faces. If you are angry, be angry at yourselves. These people were called, and you were called; they hastened and you were slow. How will it be for you when they are called on the Day of Resurrection and you are left behind? By Allah, what they beat you to of virtue, which you do not see, is a stronger blow to you than this door of his over which you compete with them. He said: And he shook his garment and departed. Al-Ḥasan said: By Allah, Suhayl spoke the truth. Allah will not make a servant who hastened to Him like a servant who was slow to Him. Shuraḥbīl b. Ḥasana, one of the commanders of the quarters, and he was the governor of Palestine. He is Shuraḥbīl b. ʿAbd Allāh b. al-Muṭāʿ b. Qaṭan al-Kindī, an ally of Banū Zuhra. Ḥasana was his mother; he was attributed to her, and that prevailed. He became Muslim early and migrated to Abyssinia. Al-Ṣiddīq equipped him for Syria, and he was a commander over a quarter of the army, and likewise in the ʿUmarī state. He, Abū ʿUbayda, and Abū Mālik al-Ashʿarī were struck by the plague on one day in the year eighteen. ʿĀmir b. ʿAbd Allāh b. al-Jarrāḥ b. Hilāl b. Uhayb b. Ḍabba b. al-Ḥārith b. Fihr al-Qurashī, Abū ʿUbayda b. al-Jarrāḥ, al-Fihrī, the trustee of this nation, one of the ten promised Paradise, and one of the five who became Muslim on one day: ʿUthmān b. Maẓʿūn, ʿUbayda b. al-Ḥārith, ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. ʿAwf, Abū Salama b. ʿAbd al-Asad, and Abū ʿUbayda b. al-Jarrāḥ. They became Muslim at the hands of al-Ṣiddīq. When they migrated, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ established brotherhood between him and Saʿd b. Muʿādh—and it was said: between Muḥammad b. Maslama. He witnessed Badr and what followed. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: “Every nation has a trustee, and the trustee of this nation is Abū ʿUbayda b. al-Jarrāḥ.” This is established in the two Ṣaḥīḥs. It is also established in the two Ṣaḥīḥs that al-Ṣiddīq said on the day of the Saqīfa: “I have approved for you one of these two men, so pledge allegiance to him,” meaning ʿUmar b. al-Khaṭṭāb and Abū ʿUbayda. Al-Ṣiddīq sent him as a commander over a quarter of the army to Syria. Then when he summoned Khālid from Iraq, Khālid was a commander over Abū ʿUbayda and others, because of his knowledge of warfare. When the caliphate passed to ʿUmar, he dismissed Khālid and appointed Abū ʿUbayda b. al-Jarrāḥ, and ordered him to consult Khālid. Thus he combined for the nation the trustworthiness of Abū ʿUbayda and the courage of Khālid. Ibn ʿAsākir said: He was the first to be called Amīr al-Umarāʾ in Syria. They said: Abū ʿUbayda was tall, thin, slightly stooped, with a gaunt face, a sparse beard, and missing front teeth. That was because when he pulled out the two rings from the cheeks of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ on the day of Uḥud, he feared hurting the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, so he leaned on his two front teeth, and they fell out. No one was ever seen with a more beautiful gap-toothed smile than his. He died in the plague in the year of ʿAmwās, as its account was previously given in the year seventeen, according to Sayf b. ʿUmar—but the correct view is that ʿAmwās was in this year, the year eighteen—in the village of Fiḥl. It was said: at al-Jābiya. In these times, a grave near the ʿAqabat ʿUmayyāʾ in the Ghawr has become famous and is attributed to him. Allah knows best. His age when he died was fifty-eight years. Al-Faḍl b. ʿAbbās b. ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib: He was handsome, elegant, and beautiful. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ seated him behind him on the day of sacrifice during the Farewell Pilgrimage, and he was a handsome young man. He witnessed the conquest of Syria and was martyred in the plague of ʿAmwās according to the statement of Muḥammad b. Saʿd, al-Zubayr b. Bakkār, Abū Ḥātim, and Ibn al-Barqī, and this is the correct view. It was said: on the day of Marj al-Ṣuffar. It was said: at Ajnādayn. It is said: at al-Yarmūk. It is said: in the year twenty-eight. Muʿādh b. Jabal b. ʿAmr b. Aws b. ʿĀʾidh b. ʿAdī b. Kaʿb b. ʿAmr b. Udayy b. Saʿd b. ʿAlī b. Asad b. Sārida b. Yazīd b. Jusham b. al-Khazraj al-Anṣārī al-Khazrajī, Abū ʿAbd al-Raḥmān al-Madanī, a noble companion of great standing. Al-Wāqidī said: He was tall, with beautiful hair and teeth, his front teeth gleaming; no child was born to him. Others said: Rather, a son was born to him, namely ʿAbd al-Raḥmān, who witnessed al-Yarmūk with him. Muʿādh witnessed al-ʿAqabah. When the people emigrated, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ established brotherhood between him and Ibn Masʿūd. Al-Wāqidī related consensus on that, while Muḥammad b. Isḥāq said: He established brotherhood between him and Jaʿfar b. Abī Ṭālib. He witnessed Badr and the battles after it. He was one of the four from al-Khazraj who collected the Qurʾān during the lifetime of the Prophet ﷺ, namely: Ubayy b. Kaʿb, Zayd b. Thābit, Muʿādh b. Jabal, and Abū Zayd, the paternal uncle of Anas b. Mālik. The ḥadīth transmitted by Abū Dāwūd and al-Nasāʾī is sound, from the ḥadīth of Ḥaywah b. Shurayḥ, from ʿUqbah b. Muslim, from Abū ʿAbd al-Raḥmān al-Ḥubulī, from al-Ṣunābiḥī, from Muʿādh, that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said to him: "O Muʿādh, by Allah, I love you, so do not fail to say after every prayer: O Allah, help me to remember You, give thanks to You, and worship You well." In al-Musnad and al-Nasāʾī and Ibn Mājah, from the route of Abū Qilābah, from Anas, marfūʿ: "And the most knowledgeable of them regarding the lawful and the unlawful is Muʿādh b. Jabal." The Messenger of Allah ﷺ sent him to Yemen and said to him: "By what will you judge?" He replied: "By the Book of Allah." The ḥadīth. Likewise al-Ṣiddīq confirmed him in that role, teaching the people good in Yemen. Then he emigrated to Syria and remained there until he died after Abū ʿUbaydah appointed him as his successor when he was struck by the plague. Then he himself was struck after him in this year. ʿUmar b. al-Khaṭṭāb said: "Muʿādh will be resurrected ahead of the scholars, upon a hill." Ibn Masʿūd said: "We used to liken him to Ibrāhīm al-Khalīl." Ibn Masʿūd also said: "Muʿādh was a devoutly obedient community unto Allah, a ḥanīf, and he was not of the polytheists." His death occurred east of the Ghawr of Baysān in the year eighteen. It was also said: in the year nineteen, and it was said: seventeen. He was thirty-eight years old according to the well-known view, though other views have been stated. Allah knows best. Yazīd b. Abī Sufyān: Yazīd b. Abī Sufyān, Abū Khālid, Ṣakhr b. Ḥarb b. Umayyah b. ʿAbd Shams b. ʿAbd Manāf al-Qurashī al-Umawī, brother of Muʿāwiyah. Yazīd was older and more virtuous. He was called "Yazīd al-Khayr." He embraced Islam in the year of the conquest, witnessed Ḥunayn, and the Messenger of Allah ﷺ gave him one hundred camels and forty ūqiyyahs. Al-Ṣiddīq appointed him over a fourth of the army to Syria, and he was the first commander to reach it. Al-Ṣiddīq walked beside his mount advising him, and sent with him Abū ʿUbaydah, ʿAmr b. al-ʿĀṣ, and Shuraḥbīl b. Ḥasanah; these were the commanders of the quarters. When they conquered Damascus, he entered from the Small Jābiyah Gate by force, like Khālid when he entered from the Eastern Gate by force. Al-Ṣiddīq had promised him its command, so he took charge of it by the order of ʿUmar, who carried out what al-Ṣiddīq had promised him. He was the first of the Muslims to govern it. It is well known that he died in the plague of ʿAmawās, as previously mentioned. Al-Walīd b. Muslim claimed that he died in the year nineteen after conquering Caesarea. When he died, he had appointed his brother Muʿāwiyah as his successor over Damascus, and ʿUmar b. al-Khaṭṭāb confirmed that for him, ؓ. Nothing is recorded from him in the books, but Abū ʿAbd Allāh al-Ashʿarī narrated from him that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "The example of one who prays but does not complete his bowing or prostration is like a hungry person who eats only one or two dates; they do not avail him anything." Abū Jandal b. Suhayl b. ʿAmr: Abū Jandal b. Suhayl b. ʿAmr. It was said his name was al-ʿĀṣ. He embraced Islam early. He came on the day of the Treaty of al-Ḥudaybiyah as a Muslim, dragging his chains, because he had been oppressed, but his father returned him and refused to make peace until he was returned. Then Abū Jandal joined Abū Baṣīr at the seacoast. Later he emigrated to al-Madīnah and witnessed the conquest of Syria. It was previously mentioned that he interpreted the verse on wine, then retracted. He died in the plague of ʿAmawās, may Allah have mercy on him and be pleased with him. Abū Mālik al-Ashʿarī: Abū Mālik al-Ashʿarī. It was said his name was Kaʿb b. ʿĀṣim. He arrived as an emigrant in the year of Khaybar with the companions of the ship, and witnessed what followed. He was martyred in the plague in the year of ʿAmawās, he and Abū ʿUbaydah and Muʿādh on the same day, ؓ.

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