Tarikh (al-Tabari) 1911
The caliphate of ʿUmar b. al-Khaṭṭāb
عَزْلِ الْمُغِيرَةِ عَنِ الْبَصْرَةِ وَوِلَايَةِ أَبِي مُوسَى فِي سنة سبع عشرة عَزَلَ عُمَرُ الْمُغِيرَةَ بْنَ شُعْبَةَ عَنِ الْبَصْرَةِ، وَاسْتَعْمَلَ عَلَيْهَا أَبَا مُوسَى، وَأَمَرَهُ أَنْ يُشْخِصَ إِلَيْهِ الْمُغِيرَةَ بْنَ شُعْبَةَ فِي رَبِيعٍ الْأَوَّلِ ; قَالَهُ الْوَاقِدِيٌّ. ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ الْوَاقِدِيُّ أَنَّ امْرَأَةً كَانَ يُقَالُ لَهَا: أُمُّ جَمِيلٍ بِنْتُ الْأَفْقَمِ، مِنْ نِسَاءِ بَنِي عَامِرِ بْنِ صَعْصَعَةَ، وَيُقَالُ: مِنْ نِسَاءِ بَنِي هِلَالٍ. وَكَانَ زَوْجُهَا مِنْ ثَقِيفٍ قَدْ تُوُفِّيَ عَنْهَا، وَكَانَتْ تَغْشَى نِسَاءَ الْأُمَرَاءِ وَالْأَشْرَافِ، وَكَانَتْ تَدْخُلُ عَلَى بَيْتِ الْمُغِيرَةِ بْنِ شُعْبَةَ وَهُوَ أَمِيرُ الْبَصْرَةِ وَكَانَتْ دَارُ الْمُغِيرَةِ تُجَاهَ دَارِ أَبِي بَكْرَةَ وَكَانَ بَيْنَهُمَا الطَّرِيقُ، وَفِي دَارِ أَبِي بَكْرَةَ كُوَّةٌ تُشْرِفُ عَلَى كُوَّةٍ فِي دَارِ الْمُغِيرَةِ، وَكَانَ لَا يَزَالُ بَيْنَ الْمُغِيرَةِ وَبَيْنَ أَبِي بَكْرَةَ شَنَآنٌ، فَبَيْنَمَا أَبُو بَكْرَةَ فِي دَارِهِ وَعِنْدَهُ جَمَاعَةٌ يَتَحَدَّثُونَ فِي الْعُلِّيَّةِ، إِذْ فَتَحَتِ الرِّيحُ بَابَ الْكُوَّةِ، فَقَامَ أَبُو بَكْرَةَ لِيُغْلِقَهَا، فَإِذَا كُوَّةُ الْمُغِيرَةِ مَفْتُوحَةٌ، وَإِذَا هُوَ عَلَى صَدْرِ امْرَأَةٍ وَبَيْنَ رِجْلَيْهَا، وَهُوَ يُجَامِعُهَا، فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرَةَ لِأَصْحَابِهِ: تَعَالَوْا فَانْظُرُوا إِلَى أَمِيرِكُمْ يَزْنِي بِأُمِّ جَمِيلٍ. فَقَامُوا فَنَظَرُوا إِلَيْهِ وَهُوَ يُجَامِعُ تِلْكَ الْمَرْأَةَ، فَقَالُوا لِأَبِي بَكْرَةَ: وَمَنْ أَيْنَ قُلْتَ إِنَّهَا أُمُّ جَمِيلٍ ؟ وَكَانَ رَأْسَاهُمَا مِنَ الْجَانِبِ الْآخَرِ، فَقَالَ: انْتَظِرُوا. فَلَمَّا فَرَغَا قَامَتِ الْمَرْأَةُ، فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرَةَ: هَذِهِ أُمُّ جَمِيلٍ. فَعَرَفُوهَا فِيمَا يَظُنُّونَ، فَلَمَّا خَرَجَ الْمُغِيرَةُ - وَقَدِ اغْتَسَلَ - لِيُصَلِّيَ بِالنَّاسِ مَنَعَهُ أَبُو بَكْرَةَ أَنْ يَتَقَدَّمَ. وَكَتَبُوا إِلَى عُمَرَ فِي ذَلِكَ، فَوَلَّى عُمَرُ أَبَا مُوسَى الْأَشْعَرِيَّ أَمِيرًا عَلَى الْبَصْرَةِ وَعَزَلَ الْمُغِيرَةَ، فَسَارَ إِلَى الْبَصْرَةِ فَنَزَلَ بِالْمِرْبَدِ، فَقَالَ الْمُغِيرَةُ: وَاللَّهِ مَا جَاءَ أَبُو مُوسَى تَاجِرًا وَلَا زَائِرًا وَلَا جَاءَ إِلَّا أَمِيرًا. ثُمَّ قَدِمَ أَبُو مُوسَى عَلَى النَّاسِ، وَنَاوَلَ الْمُغِيرَةَ كِتَابًا مِنْ عُمَرَ، هُوَ أَوْجَزُ كِتَابٍ، فِيهِ: أَمَّا بَعْدُ، فَإِنَّهُ بَلَغَنِي نَبَأٌ عَظِيمٌ، فَبَعَثْتُ أَبَا مُوسَى أَمِيرًا، فَسَلِّمْ مَا فِي يَدَيْكَ، وَالْعَجَلَ. وَكَتَبَ إِلَى أَهْلِ الْبَصْرَةِ إِنِّي قَدْ وَلَّيْتُ عَلَيْكُمْ أَبَا مُوسَى لِيَأْخُذَ مِنْ قَوِيِّكُمْ لِضَعِيفِكُمْ، وَلِيُقَاتِلَ بِكُمْ عَدُوَّكُمْ، وَلِيَدْفَعَ عَنْ دِينِكُمْ، وَلِيَجْبِيَ لَكُمْ فَيْئَكُمْ، ثُمَّ يَقْسِمَهُ فِيكُمْ. وَأَهْدَى الْمُغِيرَةُ لِأَبِي مُوسَى جَارِيَةً مِنْ مُوَلَّدَاتِ الطَّائِفِ تُسَمَّى عَقِيلَةَ، وَقَالَ: إِنِّي رَضِيتُهَا لَكَ. وَكَانَتْ فَارِهَةً. وَارْتَحَلَ الْمُغِيرَةُ وَالَّذِينَ شَهِدُوا عَلَيْهِ إِلَى عُمَرَ، وَهُمْ أَبُو بَكْرَةَ، وَنَافِعُ بْنُ كَلَدَةَ، وَزِيَادُ بْنُ أَبِيهِ، وَشِبْلُ بْنُ مَعْبَدٍ الْبَجَلِيُّ، فَلَمَّا قَدِمُوا عَلَى عُمَرَ جَمَعَ بَيْنَهُمْ وَبَيْنَ الْمُغِيرَةِ، فَقَالَ الْمُغِيرَةُ: سَلْ هَؤُلَاءِ الْأَعْبُدَ كَيْفَ رَأَوْنِي ; مُسْتَقْبِلَهُمْ أَوْ مُسْتَدْبِرَهُمْ ؟ وَكَيْفَ رَأَوُا الْمَرْأَةَ أَوْ عَرَفُوهَا ؟ فَإِنْ كَانُوا مُسْتَقْبِلِيَّ، فَكَيْفَ لَمْ يَسْتَتِرُوا ! أَوْ مُسْتَدْبِرِيَّ، فَكَيْفَ اسْتَحَلُّوا النَّظَرَ فِي مَنْزِلِي عَلَى امْرَأَتِي ! وَاللَّهِ مَا أَتَيْتُ إِلَّا امْرَأَتِي. وَكَانَتْ شَبَهَهَا. فَبَدَأَ عُمَرُ بِأَبِي بَكْرَةَ، فَشَهِدَ عَلَيْهِ أَنَّهُ رَآهُ بَيْنَ رِجْلَيْ أُمِّ جَمِيلٍ، وَهُوَ يُدْخِلُهُ وَيُخْرِجُهُ كَالْمِيلِ فِي الْمُكْحُلَةِ. قَالَ: كَيْفَ رَأَيْتَهُمَا ؟ قَالَ: مُسْتَدْبِرَهُمَا. قَالَ: فَكَيْفَ اسْتَثْبَتَّ رَأْسَهَا ؟ قَالَ: تَحَامَلْتُ. ثُمَّ دَعَا شِبْلَ بْنَ مَعْبَدٍ فَشَهِدَ بِمِثْلِ ذَلِكَ، فَقَالَ: اسْتَقْبَلْتَهُمَا أَمِ اسْتَدْبَرْتَهُمَا ؟ قَالَ: اسْتَقْبَلْتُهُمَا. وَشَهِدَ نَافِعٌ بِمِثْلِ شَهَادَةِ أَبِي بَكْرَةَ، وَلَمْ يَشْهَدْ زِيَادٌ بِمِثْلِ شَهَادَتِهِمْ، قَالَ: رَأَيْتُهُ جَالِسًا بَيْنَ رِجْلَيِ امْرَأَةٍ، فَرَأَيْتُ قَدَمَيْنِ مَخْضُوبَتَيْنِ يَخْفِقَانِ، وَاسْتَيْنِ مَكْشُوفَتَيْنِ، وَسَمِعْتُ حَفَزَانًا شَدِيدًا. قَالَ: هَلْ رَأَيْتَ كَالْمِيلِ فِي الْمُكْحُلَةِ ؟ قَالَ: لَا. قَالَ: فَهَلْ تَعْرِفُ الْمَرْأَةَ ؟ قَالَ: لَا، وَلَكِنْ أُشَبِّهُهَا. قَالَ: فَتَنَحَّ. وَرُوِيَ أَنَّ عُمَرَ، ؓ، كَبَّرَ عِنْدَ ذَلِكَ ثُمَّ أَمَرَ بِالثَّلَاثَةِ فَجُلِدُوا الْحَدَّ، وَهُوَ يَقْرَأُ قَوْلَهُ تَعَالَى: فَإِذْ لَمْ يَأْتُوا بِالشُّهَدَاءِ فَأُولَئِكَ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ هُمُ الْكَاذِبُونَ [ النُّورِ: 13 ]. فَقَالَ الْمُغِيرَةُ: اشْفِنِي مِنَ الْأَعْبُدِ. قَالَ: اسْكُتْ أَسْكَتَ اللَّهُ نَأْمَتَكَ، وَاللَّهِ لَوْ تَمَّتِ الشَّهَادَةُ لَرَجَمْتُكَ بِأَحْجَارِكَ. وَقَدْ قِيلَ: إِنَّ هَذَا كَانَ فِي سَنَةِ خَمْسَ عَشْرَةَ. قَالَ ابن الجوزي: مِنَ الْجَائِزِ أَنْ يَكُونَ قَدْ تَزَوَّجَهَا وَلَمْ يُعْلِمْ أَحَدًا، وَقَدْ كَانَتْ تُشْبِهُ زَوْجَتَهُ. قَالَ ابْنُ عَقِيلٍ: لِلْفُقَهَاءِ تَأْوِيلَاتٌ، فَقَدْ كَانَتِ الْمُتْعَةُ عَقْدًا فِي الشَّرْعِ، وَكَانَ نِكَاحُ السِّرِّ عِنْدَ قَوْمٍ زِنًا، وَلَا يَجُوزُ أَنْ يُنْسَبَ إِلَى الصَّحَابِيِّ مَا لَا يَجُوزُ؛ لِأَنَّهُ جَهْلٌ بِمِقْدَارِ الضَّرَرِ فِي ذَلِكَ.
Translation
✧ Dismissal of al-Mughīrah from al-Baṣrah and the Appointment of Abū Mūsā In the year seventeen, ʿUmar dismissed al-Mughīrah b. Shuʿbah from al-Baṣrah and appointed Abū Mūsā over it, and he ordered him to send al-Mughīrah b. Shuʿbah to him in Rabīʿ al-Awwal. This was stated by al-Wāqidī. Then al-Wāqidī mentioned that there was a woman called Umm Jamīl bt. al-Afqam, from the women of Banū ʿĀmir b. Ṣaʿṣaʿah, and it is also said from the women of Banū Hilāl. Her husband, who was from Thaqīf, had died, leaving her a widow. She used to visit the women of the commanders and nobles, and she used to enter the house of al-Mughīrah b. Shuʿbah while he was the governor of al-Baṣrah. The house of al-Mughīrah faced the house of Abū Bakrah, and between them was the road. In the house of Abū Bakrah there was a window overlooking a window in the house of al-Mughīrah, and there had long been enmity between al-Mughīrah and Abū Bakrah. While Abū Bakrah was in his house with a group of people conversing in the upper room, the wind opened the shutter of the window. Abū Bakrah stood up to close it, and there was the window of al-Mughīrah open, and he was on the chest of a woman, between her legs, having intercourse with her. Abū Bakrah said to his companions: "Come and look at your governor committing adultery with Umm Jamīl." They stood up and looked at him having intercourse with that woman. They said to Abū Bakrah: "How do you know that she is Umm Jamīl?" Their heads were on the other side. He said: "Wait." When they finished, the woman stood up, and Abū Bakrah said: "This is Umm Jamīl." They recognized her, as they thought. When al-Mughīrah went out, after performing the ritual bath, to lead the people in prayer, Abū Bakrah prevented him from coming forward. They wrote to ʿUmar about that. ʿUmar appointed Abū Mūsā al-Ashʿarī as governor over al-Baṣrah and dismissed al-Mughīrah. He travelled to al-Baṣrah and alighted at al-Mirbad. Al-Mughīrah said: "By Allah, Abū Mūsā did not come as a merchant, nor as a visitor; he came only as a governor." Then Abū Mūsā came before the people and handed al-Mughīrah a letter from ʿUmar. It was the briefest of letters, containing: "To proceed: A grave report has reached me, so I have sent Abū Mūsā as governor. Hand over what is in your charge, and hasten." And he wrote to the people of al-Baṣrah: "I have appointed Abū Mūsā over you, that he may take from your strong for your weak, fight with you your enemy, defend your religion, and collect your fayʾ for you and then distribute it among you." Al-Mughīrah gave Abū Mūsā a slave girl from the Muwalladāt of al-Ṭāʾif named ʿAqīlah as a gift, and said: "I have chosen her for you." She was a fine girl. Al-Mughīrah and those who testified against him departed to ʿUmar. They were Abū Bakrah, Nāfiʿ b. Kaladah, Ziyād b. Abīhi, and Shibl b. Maʿbad al-Bajalī. When they came before ʿUmar, he brought them together with al-Mughīrah. Al-Mughīrah said: "Ask these slaves how they saw me: facing them or with my back to them? And how did they see the woman, or recognize her? If they were facing me, then how did they not conceal themselves? Or if they were behind me, then how did they deem it lawful to look into my house at my wife? By Allah, I did not have intercourse with anyone but my wife, and she resembled her." ʿUmar began with Abū Bakrah, and he testified against him that he saw him between the legs of Umm Jamīl, and he was entering and withdrawing it like the probe in the kohl container. He said: "How did you see them?" He said: "From behind them." He said: "Then how did you ascertain her head?" He said: "I raised myself." Then he called Shibl b. Maʿbad, and he testified to the like of that. He said: "Did you face them or were you behind them?" He said: "I faced them." Nāfiʿ testified to the like of Abū Bakrah's testimony. Ziyād did not testify to the like of their testimony. He said: "I saw him sitting between the legs of a woman, and I saw two henna-dyed feet moving, and two buttocks uncovered, and I heard intense puffing." He said: "Did you see like the probe in the kohl container?" He said: "No." He said: "Do you recognize the woman?" He said: "No, but I can liken her." He said: "Step aside." It is related that ʿUmar ؓ said "Allāhu akbar" at that, then ordered the three to be flogged with the prescribed punishment, while he recited the words of the Most High: "Then, if they do not bring the witnesses, then those, in the sight of Allah, are the liars" [al-Nūr: 13]. Al-Mughīrah said: "Satisfy me against the slaves." He said: "Be silent, may Allah silence your voice. By Allah, had the testimony been complete, I would have stoned you with your own stones." It has also been said that this occurred in the year fifteen. Ibn al-Jawzī said: It is possible that he had married her without informing anyone, and she resembled his wife. Ibn ʿAqīl said: The jurists have various interpretations. For mutʿah was a contract in the sacred law, and secret marriage was considered fornication by some, and it is not permissible to attribute to a Companion what is not permissible, because that would be ignorance of the extent of harm in that.
Grades by grader
No grade is recorded for this wording.