Tarikh (al-Tabari) 19
Creation of the heavens and the earth
قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى: اللَّهُ الَّذِي رَفَعَ السَّمَاوَاتِ بِغَيْرِ عَمَدٍ تَرَوْنَهَا ثُمَّ اسْتَوَى عَلَى الْعَرْشِ وَسَخَّرَ الشَّمْسَ وَالْقَمَرَ كُلٌّ يَجْرِي لِأَجَلٍ مُسَمًّى يُدَبِّرُ الْأَمْرَ يُفَصِّلُ الْآيَاتِ لَعَلَّكُمْ بِلِقَاءِ رَبِّكُمْ تُوقِنُونَ وَهُوَ الَّذِي مَدَّ الْأَرْضَ وَجَعَلَ فِيهَا رَوَاسِيَ وَأَنْهَارًا وَمِنْ كُلِّ الثَّمَرَاتِ جَعَلَ فِيهَا زَوْجَيْنِ اثْنَيْنِ يُغْشِي اللَّيْلَ النَّهَارَ إِنَّ فِي ذَلِكَ لَآيَاتٍ لِقَوْمٍ يَتَفَكَّرُونَ وَفِي الْأَرْضِ قِطَعٌ مُتَجَاوِرَاتٌ وَجَنَّاتٌ مِنْ أَعْنَابٍ وَزَرْعٌ وَنَخِيلٌ صِنْوَانٌ وَغَيْرُ صِنْوَانٍ يُسْقَى بِمَاءٍ وَاحِدٍ وَنُفَضِّلُ بَعْضَهَا عَلَى بَعْضٍ فِي الْأُكُلِ إِنَّ فِي ذَلِكَ لَآيَاتٍ لِقَوْمٍ يَعْقِلُونَ [ الرَّعْدِ: 2 - 4 ]. وَقَالَ تَعَالَى: أَمَّنْ خَلَقَ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضَ وَأَنْزَلَ لَكُمْ مِنَ السَّمَاءِ مَاءً فَأَنْبَتْنَا بِهِ حَدَائِقَ ذَاتَ بَهْجَةٍ مَا كَانَ لَكُمْ أَنْ تُنْبِتُوا شَجَرَهَا أَإِلَهٌ مَعَ اللَّهِ بَلْ هُمْ قَوْمٌ يَعْدِلُونَ أَمَّنْ جَعَلَ الْأَرْضَ قَرَارًا وَجَعَلَ خِلَالَهَا أَنْهَارًا وَجَعَلَ لَهَا رَوَاسِيَ وَجَعَلَ بَيْنَ الْبَحْرِينِ حَاجِزًا أَإِلَهٌ مَعَ اللَّهِ بَلْ أَكْثَرُهُمْ لَا يَعْلَمُونَ [ النَّمْلِ: 60، 61 ]. وَقَالَ تَعَالَى: هُوَ الَّذِي أَنْزَلَ مِنَ السَّمَاءِ مَاءً لَكُمْ مِنْهُ شَرَابٌ وَمِنْهُ شَجَرٌ فِيهِ تُسِيمُونَ يُنْبِتُ لَكُمْ بِهِ الزَّرْعَ وَالزَّيْتُونَ وَالنَّخِيلَ وَالْأَعْنَابَ وَمِنْ كُلِّ الثَّمَرَاتِ إِنَّ فِي ذَلِكَ لَآيَةً لِقَوْمٍ يَتَفَكَّرُونَ وَسَخَّرَ لَكُمُ اللَّيْلَ وَالنَّهَارَ وَالشَّمْسَ وَالْقَمَرَ وَالنُّجُومُ مُسَخَّرَاتٌ بِأَمْرِهِ إِنَّ فِي ذَلِكَ لَآيَاتٍ لِقَوْمٍ يَعْقِلُونَ وَمَا ذَرَأَ لَكُمْ فِي الْأَرْضِ مُخْتَلِفًا أَلْوَانُهُ إِنَّ فِي ذَلِكَ لَآيَةً لِقَوْمٍ يَذَّكَّرُونَ [ النَّحْلِ: 10 - 13 ]. فَذَكَرَ تَعَالَى مَا خَلَقَ فِي الْأَرْضِ مِنَ الْجِبَالِ، وَالْأَشْجَارِ، وَالثِّمَارِ، وَالسُّهُولِ، وَالْأَوْعَارِ، وَمَا خَلَقَ مِنْ صُنُوفِ الْمَخْلُوقَاتِ مِنَ الْجَمَادَاتِ، وَالْحَيَوَانَاتِ فِي الْبَرَارِي، وَالْقِفَارِ، وَالْبِحَارِ مَا يَدُلُّ عَلَى عَظَمَتِهِ وَقُدْرَتِهِ وَحِكْمَتِهِ وَرَحْمَتِهِ بِخَلْقِهِ، وَمَا سَهَّلَ لِكُلِّ دَابَّةٍ مِنَ الرِّزْقِ الَّذِي هِيَ مُحْتَاجَةٌ إِلَيْهِ فِي لَيْلِهَا وَنَهَارِهَا، وَصَيْفِهَا وَشِتَائِهَا، وَصَبَاحِهَا وَمَسَائِهَا كَمَا قَالَ تَعَالَى: وَمَا مِنْ دَابَّةٍ فِي الْأَرْضِ إِلَّا عَلَى اللَّهِ رِزْقُهَا وَيَعْلَمُ مُسْتَقَرَّهَا وَمُسْتَوْدَعَهَا كُلٌّ فِي كِتَابٍ مُبِينٍ [ هُودٍ: 6 ]. وَقَدْ رَوَى الْحَافِظُ أَبُو يَعْلَى عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ: خَلَقَ اللَّهُ أَلْفَ أُمَّةٍ مِنْهَا سِتُّمِائَةٍ فِي الْبَحْرِ، وَأَرْبَعُمِائَةٍ فِي الْبَرِّ، وَأَوَّلُ شَيْءٍ يَهْلِكُ مِنْ هَذِهِ الْأُمَمِ الْجَرَادُ فَإِذَا هَلَكَ تَتَابَعَتْ مِثْلَ النِّظَامِ إِذَا قُطِعَ سِلْكُهُ. وَقَالَ تَعَالَى: وَمَا مِنْ دَابَّةٍ فِي الْأَرْضِ وَلَا طَائِرٍ يَطِيرُ بِجَنَاحَيْهِ إِلَّا أُمَمٌ أَمْثَالُكُمْ مَا فَرَّطْنَا فِي الْكِتَابِ مِنْ شَيْءٍ ثُمَّ إِلَى رَبِّهِمْ يُحْشَرُونَ [ الْأَنْعَامِ: 38 ].
Translation
✧ Allah, exalted is He, said: “It is Allah who raised the heavens without pillars that you see, then He ascended upon the Throne and subjected the sun and the moon, each running for an appointed term. He directs the matter; He details the signs that perhaps you may be certain of meeting your Lord. And it is He who spread the earth and placed therein mountains and rivers, and from every fruit He made therein two kinds. He causes the night to cover the day. Indeed in that are signs for a people who reflect. And in the earth are neighboring tracts and gardens of grapevines and crops and palm trees, growing in clusters and not in clusters, watered with one water, but We make some of them exceed others in [quality of] fruit. Indeed in that are signs for a people who reason” (Al-Raʿd 13:2–4). And He, exalted is He, said: “Is He [not better] who created the heavens and the earth and sent down for you rain from the sky, causing to grow thereby gardens of joyful beauty which you could not [have had the power] to grow their trees? Is there a deity with Allah? Rather, they are a people who ascribe equals [to Him]. Is He [not better] who made the earth a stable ground and placed within it rivers and made for it mountains and placed between the two seas a barrier? Is there a deity with Allah? Rather, most of them do not know” (Al-Naml 27:60–61). And He, exalted is He, said: “It is He who sends down rain from the sky; from it is drink and from it is vegetation in which you pasture [animals]. He causes to grow for you thereby crops, olives, palm trees, grapevines, and from every fruit. Indeed in that is a sign for a people who reflect. And He has subjected for you the night and day and the sun and moon, and the stars are subjected by His command. Indeed in that are signs for a people who reason. And whatever He has created for you on the earth of varying colors. Indeed in that is a sign for a people who remember” (Al-Naḥl 16:10–13). Thus He, exalted is He, mentioned what He created on the earth of mountains, trees, fruits, plains, and rugged terrains, and what He created of the varieties of creatures of inanimate things and animals in the deserts, wastelands, and seas, which indicate His greatness, power, wisdom, and mercy toward His creation, and what He made easy for every beast of the provision it needs in its night and day, its summer and winter, its morning and evening, as He, exalted is He, said: “And there is no creature on the earth but that upon Allah is its provision, and He knows its settlement and its depository. All is in a clear register” (Hūd 11:6). Al-Ḥāfiẓ Abū Yaʿlā narrated from ʿUmar b. al-Khaṭṭāb, who said: I heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ say: “Allah created a thousand nations, of which six hundred are in the sea and four hundred are on land. The first of these nations to perish will be the locusts; when they perish, they will follow one another like the beads of a necklace when its string is cut.” And He, exalted is He, said: “And there is no creature on the earth nor bird that flies with its wings except [that they are] nations like you. We have not neglected in the Book a thing. Then to their Lord they will be gathered” (Al-Anʿām 6:38).
Grades by grader
No grade is recorded for this wording.