Tarikh (al-Tabari) 1895
The caliphate of ʿUmar b. al-Khaṭṭāb
فَتْحُ تَكْرِيتَ وَالْمَوْصِلِ فِي سنة ست عشرة فِي جُمَادَى. لَمَّا افْتَتَحَ سَعْدٌ الْمَدَائِنَ بَلَغَهُ أَنَّ أَهْلَ الْمَوْصِلِ قَدِ اجْتَمَعُوا بِتَكْرِيتَ عَلَى رَجُلٍ مِنَ الْكَفَرَةِ، يُقَالُ لَهُ: الْأَنْطَاقُ. فَكَتَبَ إِلَى عُمَرَ بِأَمْرِ جَلُولَاءَ وَاجْتِمَاعِ الْفُرْسِ بِهَا، وَبِأَمْرِ أَهْلِ الْمَوْصِلِ فَتَقَدَّمَ مَا ذَكَرْنَاهُ مِنْ كِتَابِ عُمَرَ فِي أَهْلِ جَلُولَاءَ وَمَا كَانَ مِنْ أَمْرِهَا. وَكَتَبَ عُمَرُ فِي قَضِيَّةِ أَهْلِ الْمَوْصِلِ الَّذِينَ قَدِ اجْتَمَعُوا بِتَكْرِيتَ عَلَى الْأَنْطَاقِ أَنْ يُعَيِّنَ جَيْشًا لِحَرْبِهِمْ، وَيُؤَمِّرَ عَلَيْهِ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ الْمُعْتَمِّ، وَأَنْ يَجْعَلَ عَلَى مُقَدِّمَتِهِ رِبْعِيَّ بْنَ الْأَفْكَلِ الْعَنَزِيَّ، وَعَلَى الْمَيْمَنَةِ الْحَارِثَ بْنَ حَسَّانَ الذُّهْلِيَّ، وَعَلَى الْمَيْسَرَةِ فُرَاتَ بْنَ حَيَّانَ الْعِجْلِيَّ، وَعَلَى السَّاقَةِ هَانِئَ بْنَ قَيْسٍ، وَعَلَى الْخَيْلِ عَرْفَجَةَ بْنَ هَرْثَمَةَ. فَفَصَلَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ الْمُعْتَمِّ فِي خَمْسَةِ آلَافٍ مِنَ الْمَدَائِنِ فَسَارَ فِي أَرْبَعٍ حَتَّى نَزَلَ بِتَكْرِيتَ عَلَى الْأَنْطَاقِ، وَقَدِ اجْتَمَعَ إِلَيْهِ جَمَاعَةٌ مِنَ الرُّومِ، وَمِنَ الشَّهَارِجَةِ، وَمِنْ نَصَارَى الْعَرَبِ، مِنْ إِيَادٍ وَتَغْلِبَ وَالنَّمِرِ، وَقَدْ خَنْدَقُوا بِتَكْرِيتَ، فَحَاصَرَهُمْ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ الْمُعْتَمِّ أَرْبَعِينَ يَوْمًا، وَزَاحَفُوهُ فِي هَذِهِ الْمُدَّةِ أَرْبَعًا وَعِشْرِينَ مَرَّةً، مَا مِنْ مَرَّةٍ إِلَّا وَيَنْتَصِرُ عَلَيْهِمْ، وَيَفُلُّ جُمُوعَهُمْ، فَضَعُفَ جَأْشُهُمْ، وَعَزَمَتِ الرُّومُ عَلَى الذَّهَابِ فِي السُّفُنِ بِأَمْوَالِهِمْ، وَرَاسَلَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ الْمُعْتَمِّ مَنْ هُنَالِكَ مِنَ الْأَعْرَابِ، فَدَعَاهُمْ إِلَى الدُّخُولِ مَعَهُ فِي النُّصْرَةِ عَلَى أَهْلِ الْبَلَدِ، فَجَاءَتِ الْقُصَّادُ إِلَيْهِ عَنْهُمْ بِالْإِجَابَةِ إِلَى ذَلِكَ، فَأَرْسَلَ إِلَيْهِمْ: إِنْ كُنْتُمْ صَادِقِينَ فِيمَا قُلْتُمْ، فَاشْهَدُوا أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ، وَأَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ، وَأَقِرُّوا بِمَا جَاءَ مِنْ عِنْدِ اللَّهِ. فَرَجَعَتِ الْقُصَّادُ إِلَيْهِ بِأَنَّهُمْ قَدْ أَسْلَمُوا، فَبَعَثَ إِلَيْهِمْ: إِنْ كُنْتُمْ صَادِقِينَ، فَإِذَا كَبَّرْنَا وَحَمَلْنَا عَلَى الْبَلَدِ اللَّيْلَةَ، فَأَمْسِكُوا عَلَيْنَا أَبْوَابَ السُّفُنِ، وَامْنَعُوهُمْ أَنْ يَرْكَبُوا فِيهَا، وَاقْتُلُوا مِنْهُمْ مَنْ قَدَرْتُمْ عَلَى قَتْلِهِ. ثُمَّ شَدَّ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ وَأَصْحَابُهُ، وَكَبَّرُوا تَكْبِيرَةَ رَجُلٍ وَاحِدٍ، وَحَمَلُوا عَلَى الْبَلَدِ، فَكَبَّرَتِ الْأَعْرَابُ مِنَ النَّاحِيَةِ الْأُخْرَى، فَحَارَ أَهْلُ الْبَلَدِ، وَأَخَذُوا فِي الْخُرُوجِ مِنَ الْأَبْوَابِ الَّتِي تَلِي دِجْلَةَ، فَتَلَقَّتْهُمْ إِيَادٌ وَالنَّمِرُ وَتَغْلِبُ، فَقَتَلُوهُمْ قَتْلًا ذَرِيعًا، وَجَاءَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ الْمُعْتَمِّ بِأَصْحَابِهِ مِنَ الْأَبْوَابِ الْأُخَرِ، فَقَتَلَ جَمِيعَ أَهْلِ الْبَلَدِ عَنْ بَكْرَةِ أَبِيهِمْ، وَلَمْ يَسْلَمْ إِلَّا مَنْ أَسْلَمِ مِنَ الْأَعْرَابِ مِنْ إِيَادٍ وَتَغْلِبَ وَالنَّمِرِ، وَقَدْ كَانَ عُمَرُ عَهِدَ فِي كِتَابِهِ أَنْ إِذَا نُصِرُوا عَلَى أَهْلِ تَكْرِيتَ أَنْ يَبْعَثُوا رِبْعِيَّ بْنَ الْأَفْكَلِ إِلَى الْحِصْنَيْنِ، وَهِيَ الْمَوْصِلُ سَرِيعًا فَسَارَ إِلَيْهَا - كَمَا أَمَرَ عُمَرُ - وَمَعَهُ سَرِيَّةٌ كَثِيرَةٌ، وَجَمَاعَةٌ مِنَ الْأَبْطَالِ، فَسَارَ إِلَيْهَا حَتَّى فَجَأَهَا قَبْلَ وُصُولِ الْأَخْبَارِ إِلَيْهَا، فَمَا كَانَ إِلَّا أَنْ وَاقَفَهَا حَتَّى أَجَابُوا إِلَى الْمُصَالَحَةِ، فَضُرِبَتْ عَلَيْهِمُ الذِّمَّةُ عَنْ يَدٍ وَهُمْ صَاغِرُونَ. ثُمَّ اقْتُسِمَتِ الْأَمْوَالُ الَّتِي تَحَصَّلَتْ مِنْ تَكْرِيتَ فَبَلَغَ سَهْمُ الْفَارِسِ ثَلَاثَةَ آلَافٍ، وَسَهْمُ الرَّاجِلِ أَلْفَ دِرْهَمٍ. وَبَعَثُوا بِالْأَخْمَاسِ مَعَ فُرَاتِ بْنِ حَيَّانَ، وَبِالْفَتْحِ مَعَ الْحَارِثِ بْنِ حَسَّانَ وَوَلِيَ إِمْرَةَ حَرْبِ الْمَوْصِلِ رِبْعِيُّ بْنُ الْأَفْكَلِ، وَوَلِيَ الْخَرَاجَ بِهَا عَرْفَجَةُ بْنُ هَرْثَمَةَ. وَقِيلَ: إِنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ اسْتَعْمَلَ عُتْبَةَ بْنَ فَرْقَدٍ عَلَى قَصْدِ الْمَوْصِلِ، وَفَتْحِهَا سَنَةَ عِشْرِينَ، فَأَتَاهَا فَقَاتَلَهُ أَهْلُ نِيْنَوَى، فَأَخَذَ حِصْنَهَا، وَهُوَ الشَّرْقِيُّ، عَنْوَةً، وَعَبَرَ دِجْلَةَ، فَصَالَحَهُ أَهْلُ الْحِصْنِ الْغَرْبِيِّ، وَهُوَ الْمَوْصِلُ، عَلَى الْجِزْيَةِ، ثُمَّ فَتَحَ الْمَرْجَ وَبَانْهَذْرَا، وَبَاعَذْرَا وَدَاسِنْ وَجَمِيعَ مَعَاقِلِ الْأَكْرَادِ وَقَرْدَى وَبَازَبْدَى وَجَمِيعَ أَعْمَالِ الْمَوْصِلِ فَصَارَتْ لِلْمُسْلِمِينَ. وَقِيلَ: إِنَّ عِيَاضَ بْنَ غَنْمٍ لَمَّا فَتَحَ بَلَدًا، عَلَى مَا نَذْكُرُهُ، أَتَى الْمَوْصِلَ فَفَتَحَ أَحَدَ الْحِصْنَيْنِ وَبَعَثَ عُتْبَةَ بْنَ فَرْقَدٍ إِلَى الْحِصْنِ الْآخَرِ فَفَتَحَهُ عَلَى الْجِزْيَةِ وَالْخَرَاجِ وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ.
Translation
✧ The Conquest of Takrīt and al-Mawṣil In the year sixteen, in Jumādā. When Saʿd conquered al-Madāʾin, news reached him that the people of al-Mawṣil had gathered at Takrīt under a man of the infidels called al-Anṭāq. He wrote to ʿUmar about the matter of Jalūlāʾ and the gathering of the Persians there, and about the matter of the people of al-Mawṣil. What we have mentioned earlier of ʿUmar's letter concerning the people of Jalūlāʾ and what happened there has preceded. ʿUmar wrote concerning the case of the people of al-Mawṣil who had gathered at Takrīt under al-Anṭāq, that he should appoint an army to fight them, and put over it ʿAbd Allāh b. al-Muʿtamm, and place over its vanguard Ribʿī b. al-Afkal al-ʿAnazī, over the right wing al-Ḥārith b. Ḥassān al-Dhuhlī, over the left wing Furāt b. Ḥayyān al-ʿIjlī, over the rear guard Hāniʾ b. Qays, and over the cavalry ʿArfajah b. Harthamah. So ʿAbd Allāh b. al-Muʿtamm departed with five thousand from al-Madāʾin and marched for four days until he encamped at Takrīt against al-Anṭāq. There had gathered to him a group of the Byzantines, of the Shahārijah, and of the Christian Arabs from Iyād, Taghlib, and al-Namir, and they had dug a trench at Takrīt. ʿAbd Allāh b. al-Muʿtamm besieged them for forty days. They engaged him in battle during this period twenty-four times, and in every one of them he prevailed over them and broke their gatherings. Their courage weakened, and the Byzantines resolved to depart in ships with their wealth. ʿAbd Allāh b. al-Muʿtamm corresponded with the Bedouin who were there, inviting them to join him in support against the people of the town. The messengers came back to him from them with acceptance of that. He sent to them: If you are truthful in what you say, then bear witness that there is no god but God and that Muḥammad is the Messenger of God, and acknowledge what has come from God. The messengers returned to him saying that they had become Muslims. He sent to them: If you are truthful, then when we proclaim the takbīr and attack the town tonight, hold for us the gates of the ships, prevent them from boarding them, and kill of them whomever you are able. Then ʿAbd Allāh and his companions charged, and they proclaimed the takbīr with the takbīr of a single man, and they attacked the town. The Bedouin proclaimed the takbīr from the other direction. The people of the town were bewildered and began to go out through the gates facing the Tigris. Iyād, al-Namir, and Taghlib met them and killed them with a quick killing. ʿAbd Allāh b. al-Muʿtamm came with his companions through the other gates, and he killed all the people of the town to the last one. None escaped except the Bedouin who had become Muslims from Iyād, Taghlib, and al-Namir. ʿUmar had instructed in his letter that when they were victorious over the people of Takrīt, they should send Ribʿī b. al-Afkal quickly to the two fortresses, which is al-Mawṣil. So he marched to it—as ʿUmar commanded—with him a large detachment and a group of champions. He marched to it until he surprised it before the news reached it. It was not but that he confronted it until they agreed to a peace settlement, so the dhimmah was imposed upon them from a hand while they were humbled. Then the spoils that were obtained from Takrīt were divided. The share of a horseman reached three thousand, and the share of a foot soldier one thousand dirhams. They sent the fifths with Furāt b. Ḥayyān, and the news of the conquest with al-Ḥārith b. Ḥassān. The command of the war of al-Mawṣil was undertaken by Ribʿī b. al-Afkal, and the land tax there was undertaken by ʿArfajah b. Harthamah. It is said: ʿUmar b. al-Khaṭṭāb appointed ʿUtbah b. Farqad to aim for al-Mawṣil and conquer it in the year twenty. He went to it, and the people of Nīnawā fought him. He took its fortress, which is the eastern one, by force, and crossed the Tigris, and the people of the western fortress, which is al-Mawṣil, made peace with him for the jizyah. Then he conquered al-Marj, Bānhiḏrā, Bāʿidhrā, Dāsin, all the strongholds of the Kurds, Qardā, Bāzabdā, and all the districts of al-Mawṣil, and they became the Muslims'. It is said: When ʿIyāḍ b. Ghanm conquered a town, as we shall mention, he came to al-Mawṣil and conquered one of the two fortresses, and he sent ʿUtbah b. Farqad to the other fortress, and he conquered it for the jizyah and the land tax. And God knows best.
Grades by grader
No grade is recorded for this wording.