Tarikh (al-Tabari) 1865
The caliphate of ʿUmar b. al-Khaṭṭāb
وَقْعَةُ الْبُوَيْبِ الَّتِي اقْتَصَّ فِيهَا الْمُسْلِمُونَ مِنَ الْفُرْسِ ثُمَّ إِنَّ الْمُثَنَّى خَرَجَ فِي آثَارِ الْقَوْمِ، فَأَسَرَ مِنْهُمْ وَقَتَلَ، وَبَعَثَ إِلَى مَنْ يَلِيهِ فَاجْتَمَعَ إِلَيْهِ جَمْعٌ عَظِيمٌ، فَلَمَّا سَمِعَ أُمَرَاءُ الْفُرْسِ بِكَثْرَةِ جُيُوشِ الْمُثَنَّى، بَعَثُوا إِلَيْهِ جَيْشًا آخَرَ مَعَ رَجُلٍ يُقَالُ لَهُ: مِهْرَانُ. فَتَوَافَوْا هُمْ وَإِيَّاهُمْ بِمَكَانٍ يُقَالُ لَهُ: الْبُوَيْبُ. قَرِيبٌ مِنْ مَكَانِ الْكُوفَةِ الْيَوْمَ، وَبَيْنَهُمَا الْفُرَاتُ، فَقَالُوا: إِمَّا أَنْ تَعْبُرُوا إِلَيْنَا أَوْ نُعْبَرَ إِلَيْكُمْ. فَقَالَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ: بَلِ اعْبُرُوا إِلَيْنَا. فَعَبَرَتِ الْفُرْسُ إِلَيْهِمْ فَتَوَاقَفُوا، وَذَلِكَ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ، فَعَزَمَ الْمُثَنَّى عَلَى الْمُسْلِمِينَ فِي الْفِطْرِ، فَأَفْطَرُوا عَنْ آخِرِهِمْ لِيَكُونَ أَقْوَى لَهُمْ، وَعَبَّى الْجَيْشَ، وَجَعَلَ يَمُرُّ عَلَى كُلِّ رَايَةٍ مِنْ رَايَاتِ الْأُمَرَاءِ عَلَى الْقَبَائِلِ وَيَعِظُهُمْ وَيَحُثُّهُمْ عَلَى الْجِهَادِ وَالصَّبْرِ وَالصَّمْتِ وَالثَّبَاتِ، وَفِي الْقَوْمِ جَرِيرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْبَجَلِيُّ فِي بَجِيلَةَ، وَجَمَاعَةٌ مِنْ سَادَاتِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ، وَكَانَ عَلَى مُجَنِّبَتَيِ الْمُثَنَّى بَشِيرُ بْنُ الْخَصَاصِيَّةِ، وَبُسْرُ بْنُ أَبِي رُهْمٍ، وَعَلَى مُجَرَّدَتِهِ الْمُعَنَّى أَخُوهُ، وَعَلَى الرَّجُلِ مَسْعُودٌ أَخُوهُ، وَعَلَى الرِّدْءِ مَذْعُورٌ، وَكَانَ عَلَى مُجَنِّبَتَيْ مِهْرَانَ بْنِ الْأَزَاذَبَهْ مَرْزُبَانُ الْحِيرَةِ وَمَرْدَانْشَاهْ. وَأَقْبَلَ الْفُرْسُ فِي ثَلَاثَةِ صُفُوفٍ، مَعَ كُلِّ صَفٍّ فِيلٌ، وَرَجْلُهُمْ أَمَامَ فِيلِهِمْ وَلَهُمْ زُجَّلٌ، فَقَالَ الْمُثَنَّى لِلْمُسْلِمِينَ: إِنَّ الَّذِي تَسْمَعُونَ فَشَلٌ، فَالْزَمُوا الصَّمْتَ. وَدَنَوْا مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ، وَطَافَ الْمُثَنَّى فِي صُفُوفِهِ يَعْهَدُ إِلَيْهِمْ وَهُوَ عَلَى فَرَسِهِ الشَّمُوسِ، وَإِنَّمَا سُمِّيَ بِذَلِكَ لِلِينِهِ، وَكَانَ لَا يَرْكَبُهُ إِلَّا إِذَا قَاتَلَ، فَوَقَفَ عَلَى الرَّايَاتِ يُحَرِّضُهُمْ وَيَهُزُّهُمْ، وَلِكُلِّهِمْ يَقُولُ: إِنِّي لَأَرْجُو أَنْ لَا يُؤْتَى النَّاسُ مِنْ قِبَلِكُمُ الْيَوْمَ، وَاللَّهِ مَا يَسُرُّنِي الْيَوْمَ لِنَفْسِي شَيْءٌ إِلَّا وَهُوَ يَسُرُّنِي لِعَامَّتِكُمْ، فَيُجِيبُونَهُ بِمِثْلِ ذَلِكَ، وَأَنْصَفَهُمْ مِنْ نَفْسِهِ فِي الْقَوْلِ وَالْفِعْلِ، وَخَلَطَ النَّاسَ فِي الْمَحْبُوبِ وَالْمَكْرُوهِ، فَلَمْ يَقْدِرْ أَحَدٌ أَنْ يَعِيبَ لَهُ قَوْلًا وَلَا فِعْلًا وَقَالَ الْمُثَنَّى لَهُمْ: إِنِّي مُكَبِّرٌ ثَلَاثَ تَكْبِيرَاتٍ فَتَهَيَّئُوا، فَإِذَا كَبَّرْتُ الرَّابِعَةَ فَاحْمِلُوا. فَقَابَلُوا قَوْلَهُ بِالسَّمْعِ وَالطَّاعَةِ وَالْقَبُولِ. فَلَمَّا كَبَّرَ أَوَّلَ تَكْبِيرَةٍ عَاجَلَتْهُمُ الْفُرْسُ فَحَمَلُوا حَتَّى غَالَقُوهُمْ، وَاقْتَتَلُوا قِتَالًا شَدِيدًا، وَرَكَدَتِ الْحَرْبُ، وَرَأَى الْمُثَنَّى فِي بَعْضِ صُفُوفِهِ خَلَلًا، فَبَعَثَ إِلَيْهِمْ رَجُلًا يَقُولُ: الْأَمِيرُ يَقْرَأُ عَلَيْكُمُ السَّلَامَ وَيَقُولُ لَكُمْ: لَا تَفْضَحُوا الْمُسْلِمِينَ الْيَوْمَ. فَاعْتَدَلُوا، فَلَمَّا رَأَى ذَلِكَ مِنْهُمْ - وَهُمْ بَنُو عِجْلٍ - أَعْجَبَهُ وَضَحِكَ، وَبَعَثَ إِلَيْهِمْ يَقُولُ: يَا مَعْشَرَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ، عَادَاتِكُمْ، انْصُرُوا اللَّهَ يَنْصُرْكُمْ. وَجَعَلَ الْمُثَنَّى وَالْمُسْلِمُونَ يَدْعُونَ اللَّهَ بِالظَّفَرِ وَالنَّصْرِ، فَلَمَّا طَالَتْ مُدَّةُ الْحَرْبِ جَمَعَ الْمُثَنَّى جَمَاعَةً مِنْ أَصْحَابِهِ الْأَبْطَالِ يَحْمُونَ ظَهْرَهُ، وَحَمَلَ عَلَى مِهْرَانَ فَأَزَالَهُ عَنْ مَوْضِعِهِ حَتَّى دَخَلَ الْمَيْمَنَةَ، وَحَمَلَ غُلَامٌ مِنْ بَنِي تَغْلِبَ نَصْرَانِيٌّ فَقَتَلَ مِهْرَانَ وَرَكِبَ فَرَسَهُ. كَذَا ذَكَرَهُ سَيْفُ بْنُ عُمَرَ. وَقَالَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ: بَلْ حَمَلَ عَلَيْهِ الْمُنْذِرُ بْنُ حَسَّانَ بْنِ ضِرَارٍ الضَّبِّيُّ فَطَعَنَهُ، وَاحْتَزَّ رَأْسَهُ جَرِيرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْبَجَلِيُّ، وَاخْتَصَمَا فِي سَلْبِهِ، فَأَخَذَ جَرِيرٌ السِّلَاحَ، وَأَخَذَ الْمُنْذِرُ مِنْطَقَتَهُ، وَهَرَبَتِ الْمَجُوسُ وَرَكِبَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ أَكْتَافَهُمْ يَقْصِلُونَهُمْ قَصْلًا، وَسَبَقَ الْمُثَنَّى بْنُ حَارِثَةَ إِلَى الْجِسْرِ فَوَقَفَ عَلَيْهِ لِيَمْنَعَ الْفُرْسَ مِنَ الْجَوَازِ عَلَيْهِ لِيَتَمَكَّنَ مِنْهُمُ الْمُسْلِمُونَ، فَرَكِبُوا أَكْتَافَهُمْ بَقِيَّةَ ذَلِكَ الْيَوْمِ وَتِلْكَ اللَّيْلَةَ، وَمِنَ الْغَدِ إِلَى اللَّيْلِ، فَيُقَالُ: إِنَّهُ قُتِلَ مِنْهُمْ يَوْمَئِذٍ وَغَرِقَ قَرِيبٌ مِنْ مِائَةِ أَلْفٍ. وَلِلَّهِ الْحَمْدُ وَالْمِنَّةُ. وَغَنِمَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ مَالًا جَزِيلًا وَطَعَامًا كَثِيرًا، وَبَعَثُوا بِالْبِشَارَةِ وَالْأَخْمَاسِ إِلَى عُمَرَ، ؓ. وَقَدْ قُتِلَ مِنْ سَادَاتِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ فِي هَذَا الْيَوْمِ بَشْرٌ كَثِيرٌ أَيْضًا، وَذَلَّتْ لِهَذِهِ الْوَقْعَةِ رِقَابُ الْفُرْسِ، وَتَمَكَّنَ الصَّحَابَةُ مِنَ الْغَارَاتِ فِي بِلَادِهِمْ فِيمَا بَيْنَ الْفُرَاتِ وَدِجْلَةَ، فَغَنِمُوا شَيْئًا عَظِيمًا لَا يُمْكِنُ حَصْرُهُ، وَجَرَتْ أُمُورٌ يَطُولُ ذِكْرُهَا بَعْدَ يَوْمِ الْبُوَيْبِ، وَكَانَتْ هَذِهِ الْوَقْعَةُ بِالْعِرَاقِ نَظِيرَ الْيَرْمُوكِ بِالشَّامِ. وَقَدْ قَالَ الْأَعْوَرُ الشَّنِّيُّ الْعَبْدِيُّ فِي ذَلِكَ: هَاجَتْ لِأَعْوَرَ دَارُ الْحَيِّ أَحْزَانَا وَاسْتَبْدَلَتْ بَعْدَ عَبَدِ الْقَيْسِ خَفَّانَا وَقَدْ أَرَانَا بِهَا وَالشَّمْلُ مُجْتَمِعٌ إِذْ بِالنُّخَيْلَةِ قَتْلَى جُنْدِ مِهْرَانَا إِذْ كَانَ سَارَ الْمُثَنَّى بِالْخُيُولِ لَهُمْ فَقَتَّلَ الزَّحْفَ مِنْ فُرْسٍ وَجِيلَانَا سَمَا لِمِهْرَانَ وَالْجَيْشِ الَّذِي مَعَهُ حَتَّى أَبَادَهُمُ مَثْنَى وَوُحْدَانَا
Translation
✧ The Battle of al-Buwayb in which the Muslims took retaliation from the Persians Then al-Muthannā went out in pursuit of the people, capturing and killing some of them. He sent to those who were near him, and a great host gathered to him. When the commanders of the Persians heard of the multitude of al-Muthannā's armies, they sent against him another army with a man called Mihrān. They and he met at a place called al-Buwayb, near the site of al-Kūfah today, with the Euphrates between them. They said: Either you cross over to us or we will cross over to you. The Muslims said: Rather, cross over to us. So the Persians crossed over to them, and they drew up in ranks against each other. That was in the month of Ramaḍān. Al-Muthannā resolved that the Muslims should break their fast, so they all broke their fast to be stronger for it. He arrayed the army, and he went around to each banner of the commanders' banners over the tribes, exhorting them and urging them to jihād, patience, silence, and steadfastness. Among the people was Jarīr b. ʿAbd Allāh al-Bajalī among Bajīlah, and a group of the Muslim chieftains. On al-Muthannā's two flanks were Bashīr b. al-Khaṣāṣiyah and Busr b. Abī Ruhm, over his vanguard was al-Muʿannā his brother, over the infantry was Masʿūd his brother, and over the rear guard was Madhʿūr. On the two flanks of Mihrān b. al-Azādhabah were the marzbān of al-Ḥīrah and Mardānshāh. The Persians advanced in three ranks, with each rank an elephant, their infantry before their elephants, and they had drummers. Al-Muthannā said to the Muslims: What you hear is despondency; keep to silence. They drew near to the Muslims, and al-Muthannā went around in his ranks, enjoining them while mounted on his horse al-Shamūs—it was named that for its gentleness, and he rode it only when he fought. He stood at the banners, stirring them and rousing them, and to all of them he said: I hope that the people will not be defeated today from your direction. By God, nothing pleases me for myself today but that it pleases me for all of you. They answered him with the like, and he was fair to them from himself in word and deed, and he joined the people in what was loved and what was hated, so that no one could find fault with any word or deed of his. Al-Muthannā said to them: I am going to say Allāhu akbar three times, so prepare yourselves; when I say it the fourth time, then charge. They met his words with hearing, obedience, and acceptance. When he said the first takbīr, the Persians hastened upon them and charged until they came to grips with them, and they fought a severe fight, and the battle grew still. Al-Muthannā saw in some of his ranks a breach, so he sent a man to them saying: The commander sends you greetings of peace and says to you: Do not disgrace the Muslims today. They straightened their ranks, and when he saw that from them—and they were Banū ʿIjl—it pleased him and he smiled. He sent to them saying: O company of Muslims, your customary ways; help God and He will help you. Al-Muthannā and the Muslims kept calling upon God for victory and help. When the fighting grew long, al-Muthannā gathered a group of his heroic companions to guard his back, and he charged at Mihrān and dislodged him from his position until he entered the right wing. A youth of Banū Taghlib, a Christian, charged and killed Mihrān and mounted his horse. Thus Saif b. ʿUmar mentioned it. Muḥammad b. Isḥāq said: Rather, al-Mundhir b. Ḥassān b. Ḍirār al-Ḍabbī charged at him and thrust him with a spear, and Jarīr b. ʿAbd Allāh al-Bajalī cut off his head. They disputed over his spoils: Jarīr took the weapons, and al-Mundhir took his belt. The Magians fled, and the Muslims mounted their shoulders, slaughtering them utterly. Al-Muthannā b. Ḥārithah hastened to the bridge and stood upon it to prevent the Persians from crossing over it so that the Muslims could gain mastery over them. They rode upon their shoulders the rest of that day and that night, and from the next day until nightfall. It is said that about a hundred thousand of them were killed and drowned that day—praise be to God and His grace. The Muslims gained abundant wealth and much food, and they sent the good tidings and the fifths to ʿUmar ؓ. Many of the Muslim chieftains were also killed on this day. By this battle the necks of the Persians were humbled, and the Companions were able to raid in their lands between the Euphrates and the Tigris, gaining something immense that cannot be counted. Matters transpired whose mention would be long after the day of al-Buwayb. This battle in Iraq was the counterpart of al-Yarmūk in Syria. Al-Aʿwar al-Shannī al-ʿAbdī said of that: The abode of the tribe stirred sorrows for Aʿwar, and after ʿAbd al-Qays it exchanged for Khaffān. It showed us, while our union was gathered, at al-Nukhailah the slain of the army of Mihrān. When al-Muthannā marched with the horses against them, he slew the host of Persians and Jīlān. He aimed for Mihrān and the army that was with him, until he destroyed them two by two and one by one.
Grades by grader
No grade is recorded for this wording.