Tarikh (al-Tabari) 1866
The caliphate of ʿUmar b. al-Khaṭṭāb
خَبَرِ الْخَنَافِسِ وَسُوقِ بَغْدَادَ ثُمَّ خَلَّفَ الْمُثَنَّى بِالْحِيرَةِ بَشِيرَ بْنَ الْخَصَاصِيَّةِ، وَسَارَ يَمْخُرُ السَّوَادَ، وَأَرْسَلَ إِلَى مَيْسَانَ وَدَسْتُمَيْسَانَ، وَأَذْكَى الْمَسَالِحَ، وَنَزَلَ أُلَّيْسَ، قَرْيَةٌ مِنْ قُرَى الْأَنْبَارِ، وَهَذِهِ الْغَزْوَةُ تُدْعَى غَزْوَةَ الْأَنْبَارِ الْآخِرَةِ ، وَغَزْوَةَ أُلَّيْسَ الْآخِرَةِ. وَجَاءَ الْمُثَنَّى رَجُلَانِ أَحَدُهُمَا أَنْبَارِيٌّ فَدَلَّهُ عَلَى سُوقِ الْخَنَافِسِ، وَالثَّانِي حِيرِيٌّ دَلَّهُ عَلَى بَغْدَادَ، فَقَالَ الْمُثَنَّى: أَيَّتُهُمَا قَبْلَ صَاحِبَتِهَا ؟ فَقَالَا: بَيْنَهُمَا مَسِيرَةُ أَيَّامٍ. قَالَ: أَيُّهُمَا أَعْجَلُ ؟ قَالَا: سُوقُ الْخَنَافِسِ يَجْتَمِعُ بِهَا تُجَّارُ مَدَائِنِ كِسْرَى، وَالسَّوَادُ وَرَبِيعَةُ وَقُضَاعَةُ يَخْفِرُونَهُمْ. فَرَكِبَ الْمُثَنَّى وَأَغَارَ عَلَى الْخَنَافِسِ يَوْمَ سُوقِهَا، وَبِهَا خَيْلَانِ مِنْ رَبِيعَةَ وَقُضَاعَةَ، وَعَلَى قُضَاعَةَ رُومَانِسُ بْنُ وَبَرَةَ، وَعَلَى رَبِيعَةَ السَّلِيلُ بْنُ قَيْسٍ وَهُمُ الْخُفَرَاءُ، فَانْتَسَفَ السُّوقَ وَمَا فِيهَا، وَسَلَبَ الْخُفَرَاءَ. ثُمَّ رَجَعَ فَأَتَى الْأَنْبَارَ فَتَحَصَّنَ أَهْلُهَا مِنْهُ، فَلَمَّا عَرَفُوهُ نَزَلُوا إِلَيْهِ وَأَتَوْهُ بِالْأَعْلَافِ وَالزَّادِ، وَأَخَذَ مِنْهُمُ الْأَدِلَّاءَ عَلَى سُوقِ بَغْدَادَ، وَأَظْهَرَ لِدِهْقَانِ الْأَنْبَارِ أَنَّهُ يُرِيدُ الْمَدَائِنَ، وَسَارَ مِنْهَا إِلَى بَغْدَادَ لَيْلًا، وَعَبَرَ إِلَيْهِمْ وَصَبَّحَهُمْ فِي أَسْوَاقِهِمْ، فَوَضَعَ السَّيْفَ فِيهِمْ وَأَخَذَ مَا شَاءَ. وَقَالَ الْمُثَنَّى: لَا تَأْخُذُوا إِلَّا الذَّهَبَ وَالْفِضَّةَ وَالْحُرَّ مِنْ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ. ثُمَّ عَادَ رَاجِعًا حَتَّى نَزَلَ بِنَهْرِ السَّالِحِينَ بِالْأَنْبَارِ، فَسَمِعَ أَصْحَابَهُ يَقُولُونَ: مَا أَسْرَعَ الْقَوْمَ فِي طَلَبِنَا، فَخَطَبَهُمْ وَقَالَ: احْمَدُوا اللَّهَ وَسَلُوهُ الْعَافِيَةَ، وَتَنَاجَوْا بِالْبِرِّ وَالتَّقْوَى، وَلَا تَتَنَاجَوْا بِالْإِثْمِ وَالْعُدْوَانِ، وَانْظُرُوا فِي الْأُمُورِ وَقَدِّرُوهَا ثُمَّ تَكَلَّمُوا، إِنَّهُ لَمْ يَبْلُغِ النَّذِيرُ مَدِينَتَهُمْ بَعْدُ، وَلَوْ بَلَغَهُمْ لَحَالَ الرُّعْبُ بَيْنَهُمْ وَبَيْنَ طَلَبِكُمْ، إِنَّ لِلْغَارَاتِ رَوْعَاتٍ تُضْعِفُ الْقُلُوبَ يَوْمًا إِلَى اللَّيْلِ، وَلَوْ طَلَبَكُمُ الْمُحَامُونَ مِنْ رَأْيِ الْعَيْنِ مَا أَدْرَكُوكُمْ وَأَنْتُمْ عَلَى الْعِرَابِ حَتَّى تَنْتَهُوا إِلَى عَسْكَرِكُمْ، وَلَوْ أَدْرَكُوكُمْ لَقَاتَلْتُهُمُ الْتِمَاسَ الْأَجْرِ وَرَجَاءَ النَّصْرِ، فَثِقُوا بِاللَّهِ وَأَحْسِنُوا بِهِ الظَّنَّ، فَقَدْ نَصَرَكُمْ فِي مَوَاطِنَ كَثِيرَةٍ. ثُمَّ سَارَ بِهِمْ إِلَى الْأَنْبَارِ، وَكَانَ مَنْ خَلْفَهُ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ يَمْخَرُونَ السَّوَادَ وَيَشُنُّونَ الْغَارَاتِ مَا بَيْنَ أَسْفَلَ كَسْكَرَ وَأَسْفَلَ الْفُرَاتِ، وَجَسُّوا مِثْقَبًا إِلَى عَيْنِ التَّمْرِ وَفِي أَرْضِ الْفَلَالِيجِ، وَالْمُثَنَّى بِالْأَنْبَارِ. وَلَمَّا رَجَعَ الْمُثَنَّى مِنْ بَغْدَادَ إِلَى الْأَنْبَارِ بَعَثَ الْمُضَارِبَ الْعِجْلِيَّ فِي جَمْعٍ إِلَى الْكَبَاثِ وَعَلَيْهِ فَارِسُ الْعُنَابِ التَّغْلِبِيُّ، ثُمَّ لَحِقَهُمُ الْمُثَنَّى فَسَارَ مَعَهُمْ، فَوَجَدُوا الْكَبَاثَ قَدْ سَارَ مَنْ كَانَ بِهِ، وَمَعَهُمْ فَارِسُ الْعُنَابِ، فَسَارَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ خَلْفَهُ فَلَحِقُوهُ وَقَدْ رَحَلَ مِنَ الْكَبَاثِ، فَقَتَلُوا فِي أُخْرَيَاتِ أَصْحَابِهِ وَأَكْثَرُوا الْقَتْلَ. فَلَمَّا رَجَعُوا إِلَى الْأَنْبَارِ سَرَّحَ فُرَاتَ بْنَ حَيَّانَ التَّغْلِبِيَّ وَعُتَيْبَةَ بْنَ النَّهَّاسِ وَأَمَرَهُمَا بِالْغَارَةِ عَلَى أَحْيَاءَ مِنْ تَغْلِبَ بِصِفِّينَ، ثُمَّ اتَّبَعَهُمَا الْمُثَنَّى وَاسْتَخْلَفَ عَلَى النَّاسِ عَمْرَو بْنَ أَبِي سُلْمَى الْهُجَيْمِيَّ. فَلَمَّا دَنَوْا مِنْ صِفِّينَ فَرَّ مَنْ بِهَا وَعَبَرُوا الْفُرَاتَ إِلَى الْجَزِيرَةِ، وَفَنِيَ الزَّادُ الَّذِي مَعَ الْمُثَنَّى وَأَصْحَابِهِ، فَأَكَلُوا رَوَاحِلَهُمْ إِلَّا مَا لَابُدَّ مِنْهُ حَتَّى جُلُودِهَا، ثُمَّ أَدْرَكُوا عِيرًا مِنْ أَهْلِ دَبَا وَحَوْرَانَ، فَقَتَلُوا مَنْ بِهَا، وَأَخَذُوا ثَلَاثَةَ نَفَرٍ مِنْ تَغْلِبَ كَانُوا خُفَرَاءَ، وَأَخَذُوا الْعِيرَ، فَقَالَ لَهُمْ: دُلُّونِي. فَقَالَ أَحَدُهُمْ: آمِنُونِي عَلَى أَهْلِي وَمَالِي، وَأَدُلُّكُمْ عَلَى حَيٍّ مِنْ تَغْلِبَ. فَآمَنَهُ الْمُثَنَّى وَسَارَ مَعَهُمْ يَوْمَهُ، فَهَجَمَ الْعَشِيُّ عَلَى الْقَوْمِ، وَالنَّعَمُ صَادِرَةٌ عَنِ الْمَاءِ، وَأَصْحَابُهَا جُلُوسٌ بِأَفْنِيَةِ الْبُيُوتِ، فَقَتَلَ الْمُقَاتِلَةَ، وَسَبَى الذُّرِّيَّةَ، وَاسْتَاقَ الْأَمْوَالَ، وَكَانَ التَّغْلِبِيُّونَ بَنِي ذِي الرُّوَيْحِلَةِ، فَاشْتَرَى مَنْ كَانَ مَعَ الْمُثَنَّى مِنْ رَبِيعَةَ السَّبَايَا بِنَصِيبِهِ مِنَ الْفَيْءِ وَأَعْتَقُوهُمْ، وَكَانَتْ رَبِيعَةُ لَا تُسَابِي، إِذِ الْعَرَبُ يَتَسَابَوْنَ فِي جَاهِلِيَّتِهِمْ. وَأُخْبِرَ الْمُثَنَّى أَنَّ جُمْهُورَ مَنْ سَلَكَ الْبِلَادَ قَدِ انْتَجَعَ شَاطِئَ دِجْلَةَ، فَخَرَجَ الْمُثَنَّى وَعَلَى مُجَنِّبَتَيْهِ النُّعْمَانُ بْنُ عَوْفٍ وَمَطَرُ الشَّيْبَانِيَّانِ، وَعَلَى مُقَدِّمَتِهِ حُذَيْفَةُ بْنُ مِحْصَنٍ الْغَلْفَانِيُّ، فَسَارُوا فِي طَلَبِهِمْ فَأَدْرَكُوهُمْ بِتَكْرِيتَ، فَأَصَابُوا مَا شَاءُوا مِنَ النَّعَمِ، وَعَادَ إِلَى الْأَنْبَارِ. وَمَضَى عُتَيْبَةُ وَفُرَاتُ وَمَنْ مَعَهُمَا حَتَّى أَغَارُوا عَلَى صِفِّينَ وَبِهَا النَّمِرُ وَتَغْلِبُ مُتَسَانِدِينَ، فَأَغَارُوا عَلَيْهِمْ حَتَّى رَمَوْا طَائِفَةً مِنْهُمْ فِي الْمَاءِ، فَجَعَلُوا يُنَادُونَهُمْ: الْغَرَقَ الْغَرَقَ ! وَجَعَلَ عُتَيْبَةُ وَفُرَاتُ يَذْمُرَانِ النَّاسَ وَيُنَادِيَانِهِمْ: تَغْرِيقٌ بِتَحْرِيقٍ ! يُذَكِّرَانِهِمْ يَوْمًا مِنْ أَيَّامِ الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ أَحْرَقُوا فِيهِ قَوْمًا مِنْ بَكْرِ بْنِ وَائِلٍ فِي غَيْضَةٍ مِنَ الْغِيَاضِ. ثُمَّ رَجَعُوا إِلَى الْمُثَنَّى وَقَدْ غَرَّقُوهُمْ، وَقَدْ بَلَغَ الْخَبَرُ عُمَرَ فَبَعَثَ إِلَى عُتَيْبَةَ وَفُرَاتَ فَاسْتَدْعَاهُمَا، فَسَأَلَهُمَا عَنْ قَوْلِهِمَا، فَأَخْبَرَاهُ أَنَّهُمَا لَمْ يَفْعَلَا ذَلِكَ عَلَى وَجْهِ طَلَبِ ذَحْلٍ، إِنَّمَا هُوَ مَثَلٌ فَاسْتَحْلَفَهُمَا وَرَدَّهُمَا إِلَى الْمُثَنَّى.
Translation
✧ THE ACCOUNT OF AL-KHANĀFIS AND THE MARKET OF BAGHDAD Then al-Muthannā left Bashīr b. al-Khaṣāṣiyyah as his deputy at al-Ḥīrah, and he rode through the Sawād, and he sent to Maysān and Dastumaysān, and he kindled the frontier outposts, and he encamped at Ullays, a village among the villages of al-Anbār, and this raid is called the latter raid of al-Anbār and the latter raid of Ullays. Two men came to al-Muthannā, one of them from al-Anbār, who guided him to the market of al-Khanāfis, and the second from al-Ḥīrah, who guided him to Baghdad. Al-Muthannā said, “Which of them comes before its companion?” They said, “Between them is a journey of days.” He said, “Which of them is quicker?” They said, “The market of al-Khanāfis, where the merchants of the cities of Kisrā gather, along with the Sawād, Rabīʿah, and Quḍāʿah protecting them.” So al-Muthannā mounted and raided al-Khanāfis on the day of its market, where there were two cavalry forces of Rabīʿah and Quḍāʿah, over Quḍāʿah being Rūmānis b. Wabarah, and over Rabīʿah al-Salīl b. Qays, and they were the protectors. He swept up the market and what was in it, and he plundered the protectors. Then he returned and came to al-Anbār, whose people fortified themselves against him. When they recognized him, they came down to him and brought him fodder and provisions, and he took guides from them to the market of Baghdad, and he showed the dihqān of al-Anbār that he intended al-Madāʾin. He marched from there to Baghdad by night, crossed over to them, and came upon them in the morning in their markets. He put the sword to them and took what he wished. Al-Muthannā said, “Take nothing except gold, silver, and what is freeborn of everything.” Then he returned until he encamped at Nahr al-Ṣāliḥīn near al-Anbār. He heard his companions saying, “How quickly the people are in seeking us.” So he addressed them and said, “Praise Allah and ask Him for well-being, and converse privately in righteousness and piety, and do not converse privately in sin and transgression. Look into matters and appraise them, then speak. The warner has not yet reached their city, and had he reached them, terror would have intervened between them and seeking you. Raids have terrors that weaken hearts from day until night. If the defenders sought you within sight, they would not catch you while you are upon the purebred camels until you reach your camp, and if they caught you, I would fight them seeking reward and hoping for victory. So trust in Allah and think well of Him, for He has given you victory in many places.” Then he marched with them to al-Anbār. Those of the Muslims behind him were riding through the Sawād and launching raids between the lower part of Kaskar and the lower Euphrates, and they probed with a boring tool toward ʿAyn al-Tamr in the land of al-Falālīj, while al-Muthannā was at al-Anbār. When al-Muthannā returned from Baghdad to al-Anbār, he sent al-Muḍārib al-ʿIjlī with a force to al-Kabāth, over which was Fāris al-ʿUnāb al-Taghlibī. Then al-Muthannā caught up with them and marched with them. They found that those who had been at al-Kabāth had departed, and with them was Fāris al-ʿUnāb. The Muslims marched after him and caught up with him after he had departed from al-Kabāth, and they killed among the rearmost of his companions and increased the killing. When they returned to al-Anbār, he sent out Furāt b. Ḥayyān al-Taghlibī and ʿUtaybah b. al-Nahhās and commanded them to raid clans of Taghlib at Ṣiffīn. Then al-Muthannā followed them and appointed ʿAmr b. Abī Sulmā al-Hujaymī as his deputy over the people. When they drew near Ṣiffīn, those who were there fled and crossed the Euphrates to the Jazīrah. The provisions that al-Muthannā and his companions had were exhausted, so they ate their riding camels, except what was unavoidable, even their hides. Then they overtook a caravan from the people of Dabā and Ḥawrān, killed those who were in it, and took three men of Taghlib who were protectors, and took the caravan. He said to them, “Guide me.” One of them said, “Grant me security for my family and property, and I will guide you to a clan of Taghlib.” Al-Muthannā granted him security, and he marched with them for his day. In the evening he fell upon the people while the cattle were returning from the water, and their owners were sitting in the courtyards of the houses. He killed the fighting men, took the offspring captive, and drove off the wealth. The Taghlibīs were the Banū Dhī al-Ruwayḥilah. Those of Rabīʿah who were with al-Muthannā bought the captives with their share of the spoil and freed them. Rabīʿah did not take captives, whereas the Arabs used to take one another captive in their ignorance. Al-Muthannā was told that the bulk of those who traversed the lands had gone seeking pasture on the bank of the Tigris. So al-Muthannā went out with al-Nuʿmān b. ʿAwf and Maṭar al-Shaybānī on his two flanks, and Ḥudhayfah b. Miḥṣan al-Ghalfānī at his vanguard. They marched in pursuit of them and caught up with them at Takrīt, and they took what they wished of the cattle, and he returned to al-Anbār. ʿUtaybah, Furāt, and those with them went on until they raided Ṣiffīn, where al-Namir and Taghlib were mutually supporting one another. They raided them until they drove a group of them into the water, and they began calling to them, “Drowning, drowning!” ʿUtaybah and Furāt began urging the people on and calling to them, “A drowning for a burning!” They reminded them of a day in the time of ignorance when they burned a people of Bakr b. Wāʾil in a thicket among the thickets. Then they returned to al-Muthannā after they had drowned them. The news reached ʿUmar, so he sent to ʿUtaybah and Furāt and summoned them. He asked them about their saying, and they informed him that they had not done that by way of seeking vengeance; it was merely a saying. So he made them swear an oath and sent them back to al-Muthannā.
Grades by grader
No grade is recorded for this wording.