Tarikh (al-Tabari) 1863
The caliphate of ʿUmar b. al-Khaṭṭāb
اجْتِمَاعِ الْفُرْسِ عَلَى يَزْدَجِرْدَ بَعْدَ اخْتِلَافِهِمْ وَاضْطِرَابِهِمْ لَمَّا رَأَى أَهْلُ فَارِسَ مَا يَفْعَلُ الْمُسْلِمُونَ بِالسَّوَادِ قَالُوا لِرُسْتُمَ وَالْفَيْرُزَانَ، وَهُمَا عَلَى أَهْلِ فَارِسَ: لَمْ يَبْرَحْ بِكُمَا الِاخْتِلَافُ حَتَّى وَهَّنْتُمَا أَهْلَ فَارِسَ، وَأَطْمَعْتُمَا فِيهِمْ عَدُوَّهُمْ، وَلَمْ يَبْلُغْ مِنْ أَمْرِكُمَا أَنَّ نُقِرَّكُمَا عَلَى هَذَا الرَّأْيِ، وَأَنْ تُعَرِّضَاهَا لِلْهَلَكَةِ، مَا بَعْدَ بَغْدَادَ وَسَابَاطَ وَتَكْرِيتَ إِلَّا الْمَدَائِنَ، وَاللَّهِ لَتَجْتَمِعَانِ أَوْ لَنَبْدَأَنَّ بِكُمَا، ثُمَّ نَهْلِكُ وَقَدِ اشْتَفَيْنَا مِنْكُمَا. فَقَالَ الْفَيْرُزَانُ وَرُسْتُمُ لِبُورَانَ ابْنَةِ كِسْرَى: اكْتُبِي لَنَا نِسَاءَ كِسْرَى وَسَرَارِيَّهُ وَنِسَاءَ آلِ كِسْرَى وَسَرَارِيَّهُمْ، فَفَعَلَتْ، فَأَحْضَرُوهُنَّ جَمِيعَهُنَّ، وَأَخَذُوهُنَّ بِالْعَذَابِ يَسْتَدِلُّونَهُنَّ عَلَى ذَكَرٍ مِنْ أَبْنَاءِ كِسْرَى، فَلَمْ يُوجَدْ عِنْدَ وَاحِدَةٍ مِنْهُنَّ أَحَدٌ، وَقَالَ بِعَضُهُنَّ: لَمْ يَبْقَ إِلَّا غُلَامٌ يُدْعَى يَزْدَجِرْدَ مِنْ وَلَدِ شَهْرَيَارَ بْنِ كِسْرَى، وَأُمُّهُ مِنْ أَهْلِ بَادُورَيَا. فَأَرْسَلُوا إِلَيْهَا وَطَلَبُوهُ مِنْهَا، وَكَانَتْ قَدْ أَنْزَلَتْهُ أَيَّامَ شِيرَى حِينَ جَمَعَهُنَّ فَقَتَلَ الذُّكُورَ، وَأَرْسَلَتْهُ إِلَى أَخْوَالِهِ، فَلَمَّا سَأَلُوهَا عَنْهُ دَلَّتْهُمْ عَلَيْهِ، فَجَاءُوا بِهِ فَمَلَّكُوهُ وَهُوَ ابْنُ إِحْدَى وَعِشْرِينَ سَنَةً، وَهُوَ مِنْ وَلَدِ شَهْرِيَارَ بْنِ كِسْرَى، وَعَزَلُوا بُورَانَ، وَاسْتَوْسَقَتِ الْمَمَالِكُ لَهُ، وَاجْتَمَعُوا عَلَيْهِ وَفَرِحُوا بِهِ، وَقَامُوا بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ بِالنَّصْرِ أَتَمَّ قِيَامٍ، وَاسْتَفْحَلَ أَمْرُهُ فِيهِمْ، وَقَوِيَتْ شَوْكَتُهُمْ بِهِ، وَبَعَثُوا إِلَى الْأَقَالِيمِ وَالرَّسَاتِيقِ، فَخَلَعُوا الطَّاعَةَ لِلصَّحَابَةِ وَنَقَضُوا عُهُودَهُمْ وَذِمَمَهُمْ، وَبَلَغَ ذَلِكَ مِنْ أَمْرِهِمُ الْمُثَنَّى وَالْمُسْلِمِينَ، فَكَتَبُوا إِلَى عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ بِمَا يَنْتَظِرُونَ مِنْ أَهْلِ السَّوَادِ، فَلَمْ يَصِلِ الْكِتَابُ إِلَى عُمَرَ حَتَّى كَفَرَ أَهْلُ السَّوَادِ مَنْ كَانَ لَهُ عَهْدٌ وَمَنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ عَهْدٌ، فَخَرَجَ الْمُثَنَّى حَتَّى نَزَلَ بِذِي قَارٍ، وَنَزَلَ النَّاسُ بِالطَّفِّ فِي عَسْكَرٍ وَاحِدٍ. وَلَمَّا وَصَلَ كِتَابُ الْمُثَنَّى إِلَى عُمَرَ قَالَ: وَاللَّهِ لَأَضْرِبَنَّ مُلُوكَ الْعَجَمِ بِمُلُوكِ الْعَرَبِ ! فَلَمْ يَدَعْ رَئِيسًا وَلَا ذَا رَأْيٍ وَذَا شَرَفٍ وَبَسْطَةٍ وَلَا خَطِيبًا وَلَا شَاعِرًا إِلَّا رَمَاهُمْ بِهِ، فَرَمَاهُمْ بِوُجُوهِ النَّاسِ وَغُرَرِهِمْ. وَكَتَبَ عُمَرُ إِلَى الْمُثَنَّى وَمَنْ مَعَهُ يَأْمُرُهُمْ بِالْخُرُوجِ مِنْ بَيْنِ الْعَجَمِ وَالتَّفَرُّقِ فِي الْمِيَاهِ الَّتِي تَلِي الْعَجَمِ، وَأَنْ لَا يَدَعُوا فِي رَبِيعَةَ وَمُضَرَ وَحُلَفَائِهِمْ أَحَدًا مِنْ أَهْلِ النَّجْدَاتِ وَلَا فَارِسًا إِلَّا أَحْضَرُوهُ إِمَّا طَوْعًا أَوْ كُرْهًا. وَنَزَلَ النَّاسُ بِالْجُلِّ وَشَرَافَ إِلَى غُضَيٍّ، وَهُوَ جَبَلُ الْبَصْرَةِ، وَبِسَلْمَانَ، بَعْضُهُمْ يَنْظُرُ إِلَى بَعْضٍ، وَيُغِيثُ بَعْضُهُمْ بَعْضًا، وَذَلِكَ فِي ذِي الْقِعْدَةِ سَنَةَ ثَلَاثَ عَشْرَةَ. وَأَرْسَلَ عُمَرُ فِي ذِي الْحَجَّةِ مِنَ السَّنَةِ مُخْرَجَهُ إِلَى الْحَجِّ إِلَى عُمَّالِهِ عَلَى الْعَرَبِ أَنْ لَا يَدَعُوا مَنْ لَهُ نَجْدَةٌ أَوْ فَرَسٌ أَوْ سِلَاحٌ أَوْ رَأْيٌ إِلَّا وَجَّهُوهُ إِلَيْهِ، فَأَمَّا مَنْ كَانَ عَلَى النِّصْفِ مَا بَيْنَ الْمَدِينَةِ وَالْعِرَاقِ فَجَاءَ إِلَيْهِ بِالْمَدِينَةِ لَمَّا عَادَ مِنَ الْحَجِّ، وَأَمَّا مَنْ كَانَ أَقْرَبَ إِلَى الْعِرَاقِ فَانْضَمَّ إِلَى الْمُثَنَّى بْنِ حَارِثَةَ، وَجَاءَتْ أَمْدَادُ الْعَرَبِ إِلَى عُمَرَ.
Translation
✧ The Persians' rallying around Yazdajird after their discord and disorder. When the people of Persia saw what the Muslims were doing in the Sawād, they said to Rustum and al-Fayruzān, who were in charge of the people of Persia: 'Your discord has not ceased until you have weakened the people of Persia and made their enemy covet them. It has not come to the point with your affair that we would leave you upon this opinion, and that you would expose them to destruction. After Baghdad, Sābāṭ, and Takrīt there is nothing but al-Madāʾin. By God, you two will unite, or we will begin with you, then we will perish, having healed ourselves of you.' So al-Fayruzān and Rustum said to Būrān, daughter of Kisrā: 'Write down for us the women of Kisrā and his concubines, and the women of the family of Kisrā and their concubines.' She did so, and they brought them all together and subjected them to torture, seeking through them any male among the sons of Kisrā. None was found with any of them. Some of them said: 'There remains only a boy called Yazdajird, from the offspring of Shahriyār b. Kisrā, and his mother is from the people of Bādūrayā.' So they sent to her and sought him from her. She had sent him away during the days of Shīrā, when he gathered them and killed the males, and she had sent him to his maternal uncles. When they asked her about him, she directed them to him. They brought him and made him king, and he was twenty-one years old. He was from the offspring of Shahriyār b. Kisrā. They deposed Būrān, and the kingdoms became orderly for him. They rallied around him and rejoiced in him, and they stood before him in support with the fullest standing. His affair grew great among them, and their strength was reinforced by him. They sent to the provinces and the rural districts, and they renounced obedience to the Companions and violated their covenants and their protections. News of that affair of theirs reached al-Muthannā and the Muslims, so they wrote to ʿUmar b. al-Khaṭṭāb about what they expected from the people of the Sawād. The letter did not reach ʿUmar until the people of the Sawād had apostatized—those who had a covenant and those who did not. Al-Muthannā went out and camped at Dhū Qār, and the people camped at al-Ṭaff in one army. When al-Muthannā's letter reached ʿUmar, he said: 'By God, I will strike the kings of the non-Arabs with the kings of the Arabs!' He left no chief, nor a man of opinion, nobility, and stature, nor an orator, nor a poet but he cast them at them. He cast at them the faces of the people and their foremost men. ʿUmar wrote to al-Muthannā and those with him, commanding them to withdraw from among the non-Arabs and disperse to the watering places adjacent to the non-Arabs, and not to leave in Rabīʿa, Muḍar, and their allies anyone of valor or a horseman but to bring him, whether willingly or by force. The people camped at al-Jull and Sharāf as far as Ghuḍayy, which is the mountain of al-Baṣra, and at Salmān, some looking at others and aiding one another. That was in Dhū al-Qaʿda of the year thirteen. ʿUmar sent in Dhū al-Ḥijja of that year, when he set out for the pilgrimage, to his governors over the Arabs, ordering them not to leave anyone who had valor, or a horse, or weapons, or judgment but to send him to him. As for those who were on the halfway point between al-Madīna and al-ʿIrāq, they came to him at al-Madīna when he returned from the pilgrimage. As for those who were closer to al-ʿIrāq, they joined al-Muthannā b. Ḥāritha. The Arab reinforcements came to ʿUmar.
Grades by grader
No grade is recorded for this wording.