Tarikh (al-Tabari) 1856
The caliphate of ʿUmar b. al-Khaṭṭāb
انْتِقَالُ إِمْرَةِ الشَّامِ مِنْ خَالِدٍ إِلَى أَبِي عُبَيْدَةَ فِي الدَّوْلَةِ الْعُمَرِيَّةِ وَذَلِكَ بَعْدَ وَقْعَةِ الْيَرْمُوكِ وَصَيْرُورَةِ الْإِمْرَةِ بِالشَّامِ إِلَى أَبِي عُبَيْدَةَ فَكَانَ أَبُو عُبَيْدَةَ أَوَّلَ مَنْ سُمِّيَ أَمِيرَ الْأُمَرَاءِ . فَلَمَّا وُلِّيَ عُمَرُ كَانَ أَوَّلَ مَا تَكَلَّمَ بِهِ أَنْ عَزَلَ خَالِدًا، وَقَالَ: لَا يَلِي لِي عَمَلًا أَبَدًا. وَقَدْ أَمَّرَ عُمَرُ عَلَى الْجُيُوشِ أَبَا عُبَيْدَةَ. وَذَكَرَ سَلَمَةُ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ إِنَّمَا عَزَلَ خَالِدًا لِكَلَامٍ بَلَغَهُ عَنْهُ، وَلِمَا كَانَ مِنْ أَمْرِ مَالِكِ بْنِ نُوَيْرَةَ، وَمَا كَانَ يَعْتَمِدُهُ فِي حَرْبِهِ، وَكَتَبَ عُمَرُ إِلَى أَبِي عُبَيْدَةَ: إِنْ أَكْذَبَ خَالِدٌ نَفْسَهُ فَهُوَ أَمِيرٌ عَلَى مَا كَانَ عَلَيْهِ، وَإِنْ لَمْ يُكْذِبْ نَفْسَهُ فَهُوَ مَعْزُولٌ، فَانْزِعْ عِمَامَتَهُ عَنْ رَأْسِهِ وَقَاسِمْهُ مَالَهُ نِصْفَيْنِ. فَلَمَّا قَالَ أَبُو عُبَيْدَةَ ذَلِكَ لِخَالِدٍ قَالَ لَهُ خَالِدٌ: أَمْهِلْنِي حَتَّى أَسْتَشِيرَ أُخْتِي، فَذَهَبَ إِلَى أُخْتِهِ فَاطِمَةَ، وَكَانَتْ تَحْتَ الْحَارِثِ بْنِ هِشَامٍ، فَاسْتَشَارَهَا فِي ذَلِكَ فَقَالَتْ لَهُ: إِنَّ عُمَرَ لَا يُحِبُّكَ أَبَدًا، وَإِنَّهُ سَيَعْزِلُكَ وَإِنْ أَكْذَبْتَ نَفْسَكَ. فَقَالَ لَهَا: صَدَقَتِ وَاللَّهِ. فَقَاسَمَهُ أَبُو عُبَيْدَةَ حَتَّى أَخَذَ إِحْدَى نَعْلَيْهِ وَتَرَكَ لَهُ الْآخَرَ، وَخَالِدٌ يَقُولُ: سَمْعًا وَطَاعَةً لِأَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ. ثُمَّ قَدِمَ خَالِدٌ عَلَى عُمَرَ بِالْمَدِينَةِ. وَقِيلَ: بَلْ هُوَ أَقَامَ بِالشَّامِ مَعَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ. وَهُوَ أَصَحُّ. وصية عمر لعماله وتعاهده إياهم وَصِيَّتِهِ لِعُمَّالِهِ وَتَعَاهُدِهِ إِيَّاهُمْ رَوَى ابْنُ جَرِيرٍ، عَنْ صَالِحِ بْنِ كَيْسَانَ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: كَانَ أَوَّلَ كِتَابٍ كَتَبَهُ عُمَرُ إِلَى أَبِي عُبَيْدَةَ حِينَ وَلَّاهُ وَعَزَلَ خَالِدًا، أَنْ قَالَ: وَأُوصِيكَ بِتَقْوَى اللَّهِ الَّذِي يَبْقَى وَيَفْنَى مَا سِوَاهُ، الَّذِي هَدَانَا مِنَ الضَّلَالَةِ، وَأَخْرَجَنَا مِنَ الظُّلُمَاتِ إِلَى النُّورِ، وَقَدِ اسْتَعْمَلْتُكَ عَلَى جُنْدِ خَالِدِ بْنِ الْوَلِيدِ، فَقُمْ بِأَمْرِهِمُ الَّذِي يَحِقُّ عَلَيْكَ، لَا تُقَدِّمِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ إِلَى هَلَكَةٍ رَجَاءَ غَنِيمَةٍ، وَلَا تُنْزِلْهُمْ مَنْزِلًا قَبْلَ أَنْ تَسْتَرِيدَهُ لَهُمْ، وَتَعْلَمَ كَيْفَ مَأْتَاهُ، وَلَا تَبْعَثْ سَرِيَّةً إِلَّا فِي كَثْفٍ مِنَ النَّاسِ، وَإِيَّاكَ وَإِلْقَاءَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ فِي الْهَلَكَةِ، وَقَدْ أَبْلَاكَ اللَّهُ بِي وَأَبْلَانِي بِكَ، فَغُضَّ بَصَرَكَ عَنِ الدُّنْيَا، وَأَلْهِ قَلْبَكَ عَنْهَا، وَإِيَّاكَ أَنْ تُهْلِكَكَ كَمَا أَهْلَكَتْ مَنْ كَانَ قَبْلَكَ، فَقَدْ رَأَيْتَ مَصَارِعَهُمْ. وَأَمَرَهُمْ بِالْمَسِيرِ إِلَى دِمَشْقَ، وَذَلِكَ بَعْدَمَا بَلَغَهُ الْخَبَرُ بِفَتْحِ الْيَرْمُوكِ وَجَاءَتْهُ بِهِ الْبِشَارَةُ، وَحُمِلَ الْخُمُسُ إِلَيْهِ. وَقَدْ ذَكَرَ ابْنُ إِسْحَاقَ أَنَّ الصَّحَابَةَ قَاتَلُوا بَعْدَ الْيَرْمُوكِ بِأَجْنَادِينَ، ثُمَّ بِفِحْلٍ مِنْ أَرْضِ الْغَوْرِ قَرِيبًا مِنْ بَيْسَانَ بِمَكَانٍ يُقَالُ لَهُ: الرَّدْغَةُ. سُمِّيَ بِذَلِكَ لِكَثْرَةِ مَا لَقُوا مِنَ الْأَوْحَالِ فِيهَا، ثُمَّ لَمَّا فَرَّتِ الرُّومُ مِنْ هَذِهِ الْوَقْعَةِ أَلْجَأُوهُمْ إِلَى دِمَشْقَ، فَقَصَدُوهُمْ فِيهَا فَأَغْلَقُوهَا عَلَيْهِمْ، وَأَحَاطَ بِهَا الصَّحَابَةُ. قَالَ: وَحِينَئِذٍ جَاءَتِ الْإِمَارَةُ لِأَبِي عُبَيْدَةَ مِنْ جِهَةِ عُمَرَ، وَعُزِلَ خَالِدٌ. وَهَذَا الَّذِي ذَكَرَهُ ابْنُ إِسْحَاقَ مِنْ مَجِيءِ الْإِمَارَةِ لِأَبِي عُبَيْدَةَ فِي حِصَارِ دِمَشْقَ هُوَ الْمَشْهُورُ.
Translation
✧ The transfer of the command of Syria from Khālid to Abū ʿUbaydah in the ʿUmarid state, and that was after the Battle of al-Yarmūk and the command in Syria passing to Abū ʿUbaydah. Abū ʿUbaydah was the first to be named Amīr al-Umarāʾ (commander of commanders). When ʿUmar was appointed, the first thing he spoke of was to dismiss Khālid, and he said: "He shall never hold any office for me." ʿUmar appointed Abū ʿUbaydah over the armies. Salamah mentioned, on the authority of Muḥammad b. Isḥāq, that ʿUmar dismissed Khālid only because of words that reached him about him, and because of the matter of Mālik b. Nuwayrah, and what he used to rely upon in his warfare. ʿUmar wrote to Abū ʿUbaydah: "If Khālid declares himself to be a liar, then he remains commander over what he was; but if he does not declare himself a liar, then he is dismissed. Remove his turban from his head and divide his wealth with him into two halves." When Abū ʿUbaydah said that to Khālid, Khālid said to him: "Give me respite until I consult my sister." He went to his sister Fāṭimah, who was married to al-Ḥārith b. Hishām, and consulted her about that. She said to him: "ʿUmar will never love you, and he will dismiss you even if you declare yourself a liar." He said to her: "By God, she has spoken the truth." Abū ʿUbaydah then divided with him until he took one of his sandals and left him the other, while Khālid said: "Hearing and obedience to the Commander of the Faithful." Then Khālid came to ʿUmar in Madinah. It is also said: Rather, he remained in Syria with the Muslims, and this is more correct. ʿUmar's testament to his governors and his oversight of them. Ibn Jarīr narrated, on the authority of Ṣāliḥ b. Kaysān, that he said: The first letter ʿUmar wrote to Abū ʿUbaydah when he appointed him and dismissed Khālid was: "I enjoin you to fear God, who remains while all else perishes, who guided us from error and brought us out of darkness into light. I have appointed you over the army of Khālid b. al-Walīd, so undertake their affairs as is incumbent upon you. Do not lead the Muslims into destruction in hope of booty, and do not encamp them in a place before you have scouted it for them and know how it is approached. Do not send out a raiding party except with a large body of men. Beware of casting the Muslims into destruction. God has tried me with you and tried you with me, so avert your gaze from this world and divert your heart from it. Beware lest it destroy you as it destroyed those before you, for you have seen their falls." He ordered them to march to Damascus, and that was after the news of the conquest of al-Yarmūk reached him and the glad tidings came to him, and the fifth was carried to him. Ibn Isḥāq mentioned that the Companions fought after al-Yarmūk at Ajnādayn, then at Fiḥl in the land of al-Ghawr near Baysān, at a place called al-Radghah, so named because of the abundance of mire they encountered there. Then when the Byzantines fled from this battle, they were forced into Damascus, so they headed toward them there and shut its gates upon them, and the Companions surrounded it. He said: At that time the command came to Abū ʿUbaydah from ʿUmar, and Khālid was dismissed. This account of Ibn Isḥāq, that the command came to Abū ʿUbaydah during the siege of Damascus, is the well-known one.
Grades by grader
No grade is recorded for this wording.