Tarikh (al-Tabari) 1826
The caliphate of Abū Bakr al-Ṣiddīq ᴿᴬ
ذِكْرُ وَقْعَةِ يَوْمِ فُرَاتِ بَادَقْلَى، وَفَتْحِهِ الْحِيرَةَ ثُمَّ سَارَ خَالِدٌ مِنْ أَمْغِيشِيَّا إِلَى الْحِيرَةِ وَحَمَلَ الرِّحَالَ وَالْأَثْقَالَ فِي السُّفُنِ، فَخَرَجَ مَرْزُبَانُ الْحِيرَةِ، وَهُوَ الْأَزَاذَبَهْ، فَعَسْكَرَ عِنْدَ الْغَرِيِّينَ، وَأَرْسَلَ ابْنَهُ فَقَطَعَ الْمَاءَ عَنِ السُّفُنِ، فَبَقِيَتْ عَلَى الْأَرْضِ. فَسَارَ خَالِدٌ فِي خَيْلٍ نَحْوَ ابْنِ الْأَزَاذَبَهْ فَلَقِيَهُ عَلَى فُرَاتِ بَادَقْلَى، فَضَرَبَهُ وَقَتَلَهُ وَقَتَلَ أَصْحَابَهُ، وَسَارَ نَحْوَ الْحِيرَةِ، فَهَرَبَ مِنْهُ الْأَزَاذَبَهْ، وَكَانَ قَدْ بَلَغَهُ مَوْتُ أَرْدَشِيرَ وَقَتْلُ ابْنِهِ، فَهَرَبَ بِغَيْرِ قِتَالٍ، وَنَزَلَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ عِنْدَ الْغَرِيِّينَ، وَتَحَصَّنَ أَهْلُ الْحِيرَةِ فَحَصَرَهُمْ فِي قُصُورِهِمْ. وَكَانَ ضِرَارُ بْنُ الْأَزْوَرِ مُحَاصِرًا الْقَصْرَ الْأَبْيَضَ وَفِيهِ إِيَاسُ بْنُ قَبِيصَةَ الطَّائِيُّ، وَكَانَ ضِرَارُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ مُحَاصِرًا قَصْرَ الْغَرِيِّينَ وَفِيهِ عَدِيُّ بْنُ عَدِيٍّ الْمَقْتُولُ، وَكَانَ ضِرَارُ بْنُ مُقَرِّنٍ الْمُزَنِيُّ عَاشِرَ عَشَرَةِ إِخْوَةٍ مُحَاصِرًا قَصْرَ ابْنِ مَازِنٍ وَفِيهِ ابْنُ أَكَّالٍ، وَكَانَ الْمُثَنَّى مُحَاصِرًا قَصْرَ ابْنِ بُقَيْلَةَ وَفِيهِ عَمْرُو بْنُ عَبْدِ الْمَسِيحِ بْنِ بُقَيْلَةَ، فَدَعَوْهُمْ جَمِيعًا وَأَجْلَوْهُمْ يَوْمًا وَلَيْلَةً، فَأَبَى أَهْلُ الْحِيرَةِ، وَقَاتَلَهُمُ الْمُسْلِمُونَ، فَافْتَتَحُوا الدُّورَ وَالدِّيرَاتِ وَأَكْثَرُوا الْقَتْلَ. فَنَادَى الْقِسِّيسُونَ وَالرُّهْبَانُ: يَا أَهْلَ الْقَصْرِ، مَا يَقْتُلُنَا غَيْرُكُمْ ! فَنَادَى أَهْلُ الْقُصُورِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ: قَدْ قَبِلْنَا وَاحِدَةً مِنْ ثَلَاثٍ، وَهِيَ إِمَّا الْإِسْلَامُ أَوِ الْجِزْيَةُ أَوِ الْمُحَارَبَةُ، فَكَفُّوا عَنْهُمْ، وَخَرَجَ إِلَيْهِمْ إِيَاسُ بْنُ قَبِيصَةَ، وَعَمْرُو بْنُ عَبْدِ الْمَسِيحِ بْنِ قَيْسِ بْنِ حَيَّانَ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ، وَهُوَ بُقَيْلَةُ، وَإِنَّمَا سُمِّيَ بُقَيْلَةَ لِأَنَّهُ خَرَجَ عَلَى قَوْمِهِ فِي بُرْدَيْنِ أَخْضَرَيْنِ، فَقَالُوا: مَا أَنْتَ إِلَّا بُقَيْلَةُ خَضْرَاءُ، فَأَرْسَلُوهُمْ إِلَى خَالِدٍ، فَكَانَ الَّذِي يَتَكَلَّمُ عَنْهُمْ عَمْرُو بْنُ عَبْدِ الْمَسِيحِ، فَقَالَ لَهُ خَالِدٌ: كَمْ أَتَى عَلَيْكَ ؟ قَالَ: مِئُو سِنِينَ. قَالَ: فَمَا أَعْجَبُ مَا رَأَيْتَ ؟ قَالَ: رَأَيْتُ الْقُرَى مَنْظُومَةً مَا بَيْنَ دِمَشْقَ وَالْحِيرَةِ، وَتَخْرُجُ الْمَرْأَةُ فَلَا تَتَزَوَّدُ إِلَّا رَغِيفًا. فَتَبَسَّمَ خَالِدٌ وَقَالَ لِأَهْلِ الْحِيرَةِ: أَلَمْ يَبْلُغْنِي أَنَّكُمْ خَبَثَةٌ خَدَعَةٌ، فَمَا بَالُكُمْ تَتَنَاوَلُونَ حَوَائِجَكُمْ بِخَرِفٍ لَا يُدْرَى مِنْ أَيْنَ جَاءَ ؟ فَأَحَبَّ عَمْرٌو أَنْ يُرِيَهُ مِنْ نَفْسِهِ مَا يَعْرِفُ بِهِ عَقْلَهُ وَصِحَّةَ مَا حَدَّثَهُ بِهِ، قَالَ: وَحَقِّكَ إِنِّي لَأَعْرِفُ مِنْ أَيْنَ جِئْتُ ! قَالَ: فَمِنْ أَيْنَ خَرَجْتَ ؟ قَالَ: مِنْ بَطْنِ أُمِّي. قَالَ: فَأَيْنَ تُرِيدُ ؟ قَالَ: أَمَامِي. قَالَ: وَمَا هُوَ ؟ قَالَ: الْآخِرَةُ. قَالَ: فَمِنْ أَيْنَ أَقْصَى أَثَرِكَ ؟ قَالَ: مِنْ صُلْبِ أَبِي. قَالَ: فَفِيمَ أَنْتَ ؟ قَالَ: فِي ثِيَابِي. قَالَ: أَتَعْقِلُ ؟ قَالَ: إِي وَاللَّهِ وَأُقَيِّدُ. قَالَ خَالِدٌ: إِنَّمَا أَسْأَلُكَ ! قَالَ: فَأَنَا أُجِيبُكَ. قَالَ: أَسِلْمٌ أَنْتَ أَمْ حَرْبٌ ؟ قَالَ: بَلْ سِلْمٌ. قَالَ: فَمَا هَذِهِ الْحُصُونُ ؟ قَالَ: بَنَيْنَاهَا لِلسَّفِيهِ نَحْبِسُهُ حَتَّى يَنْهَاهُ الْحَلِيمُ. قَالَ خَالِدٌ: قَتَلَتْ أَرْضٌ جَاهِلَهَا، وَقَتَلَ أَرْضًا عَالِمُهَا، الْقَوْمُ أَعْلَمُ بِمَا فِيهِمْ. وَكَانَ مَعَ ابْنِ بُقَيْلَةَ خَادِمٌ مَعَهُ كِيسٌ فِيهِ سُمٌّ، فَأَخَذَهُ خَالِدٌ وَنَثَرَهُ فِي يَدِهِ وَقَالَ: لِمَ تَسْتَصْحِبُ هَذَا ؟ قَالَ: خَشِيتُ أَنْ تَكُونُوا عَلَى غَيْرِ مَا رَأَيْتُ، فَكَانَ الْمَوْتُ أَحَبَّ إِلَيَّ مِنْ مَكْرُوهٍ أُدْخِلُهُ عَلَى قَوْمِي. فَقَالَ خَالِدٌ: إِنَّهَا لَنْ تَمُوتَ نَفْسٌ حَتَّى تَأْتِيَ عَلَى أَجَلِهَا، وَقَالَ: بِاسْمِ اللَّهِ خَيْرِ الْأَسْمَاءِ، رَبِّ الْأَرْضِ وَالسَّمَاءِ، الَّذِي لَا يَضُرُّ مَعَ اسْمِهِ دَاءٌ، الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ. وَابْتَلَعَ السُّمَّ. فَقَالَ ابْنُ بُقَيْلَةَ: وَاللَّهِ لَتَبْلُغُنَّ مَا أَرَدْتُمْ مَا دَامَ أَحَدٌ مِنْكُمْ هَكَذَا. وَأَبَى خَالِدٌ أَنْ يُصَالِحَهُمْ إِلَّا عَلَى تَسْلِيمِ كَرَامَةَ بِنْتِ عَبْدِ الْمَسِيحِ إِلَى شُوَيْلٍ، فَأَبَوْا، فَقَالَتْ: هَوِّنُوا عَلَيْهِمْ وَأَسْلِمُونِي، فَإِنِّي سَأَفْتَدِي. فَفَعَلُوا، فَأَخَذَهَا شُوَيْلٌ، فَافْتَدَتْ مِنْهُ بِأَلْفِ دِرْهَمٍ، فَلَامَهُ النَّاسُ، فَقَالَ: مَا كُنْتُ أَظُنُّ أَنَّ عَدَدًا أَكْثَرَ مِنْ هَذَا. وَكَانَ سَبَبُ تَسْلِيمِهَا إِلَيْهِ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ لَمَّا ذَكَرَ اسْتِيلَاءَ أُمَّتِهِ عَلَى مُلْكِ فَارِسَ وَالْحِيرَةِ - سَأَلَهُ شُوَيْلٌ أَنْ يُعْطَى كَرَامَةَ ابْنَةَ عَبْدِ الْمَسِيحِ، وَكَانَ رَآهَا شَابَّةً فَمَالَ إِلَيْهَا، فَوَعَدَهُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ ذَلِكَ، فَلَمَّا فُتِحَتِ الْحِيرَةُ طَلَبَهَا وَشَهِدَ لَهُ شُهُودٌ بِوَعْدِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنْ يُسَلِّمَهَا إِلَيْهِ، فَسَلَّمَهَا إِلَيْهِ خَالِدٌ. وَصَالَحَهُمْ عَلَى مِائَةِ أَلْفٍ وَتِسْعِينَ أَلْفًا، وَقِيلَ: عَلَى مِائَتَيْ أَلْفٍ وَتِسْعِينَ أَلْفًا، وَأَهْدَوْا لَهُ هَدَايَا. فَبَعَثَ بِالْفَتْحِ وَالْهَدَايَا إِلَى أَبِي بَكْرٍ، فَقَبِلَهَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ مِنَ الْجَزَاءِ، وَكَتَبَ إِلَى خَالِدٍ أَنْ يَأْخُذَ مِنْهُمْ بَقِيَّةَ الْجِزْيَةِ، وَيَحْسِبَ لَهُمُ الْهَدِيَّةَ. وَكَانَ فَتْحُ الْحِيرَةِ فِي شَهْرِ رَبِيعٍ الْأَوَّلِ سَنَةَ اثْنَتَيْ عَشْرَةَ، وَكَتَبَ لَهُمْ خَالِدٌ كِتَابًا، فَلَمَّا كَفَرَ أَهْلُ السَّوَادِ ضَيَّعُوا الْكِتَابَ، فَلَمَّا افْتَتَحَهُ الْمُثَنَّى ثَانِيَةً عَادَ بِشَرْطٍ آخَرَ، فَلَمَّا عَادُوا كَفَرُوا، وَافْتَتَحَهَا سَعْدُ بْنُ أَبِي وَقَّاصٍ وَوَضَعَ عَلَيْهِمْ أَرْبَعَمِائَةِ أَلْفٍ. قَالَ خَالِدٌ: مَا لَقِيتُ قَوْمًا كَأَهْلِ فَارِسَ، وَمَا لَقِيتُ مِنْ أَهْلِ فَارِسَ كَأَهْلِ أُلَّيْسَ. ذِكْرُ مَا بَعْدُ الْحِيرَةِ قِيلَ: كَانَ الدَّهَاقِينُ يَتَرَبَّصُونَ بِخَالِدٍ وَيَنْظُرُونَ مَا يَصْنَعُ أَهْلُ الْحِيرَةِ، فَلَمَّا صَالَحَهُمْ وَاسْتَقَامُوا لَهُ أَتَتْهُ الدَّهَاقِينُ مِنْ تِلْكَ النَّوَاحِي، أَتَاهُ دَهْقَانُ فُرَاتٍ سِرْيَا وَصَلُوبَا ابْنُ نَسْطُونَا وَنَسْطُونَا، فَصَالَحُوهُ عَلَى مَا بَيْنَ الْفَلَالِيجِ إِلَى هُرْمُزْجَرْدَ عَلَى أَلْفَيْ أَلْفٍ، وَقِيلَ: أَلْفُ أَلْفٍ سِوَى مَا كَانَ لِآلِ كِسْرَى، وَبَعَثَ خَالِدٌ عُمَّالَهُ وَمَسَالِحَهُ، وَبَعَثَ ضِرَارَ بْنَ الْأَزْوَرِ، وَضِرَارَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ، وَالْقَعْقَاعَ بْنَ عَمْرٍو، وَالْمُثَنَّى بْنَ حَارِثَةَ، وَعُتَيْبَةَ بْنَ النَّهَّاسِ، فَنَزَلُوا عَلَى السِّيبِ، وَهُمْ كَانُوا أُمَرَاءَ الثُّغُورِ مَعَ خَالِدٍ، وَأَمَرَهُمْ بِالْغَارَةِ، فَمَخَرُوا مَا وَرَاءَ ذَلِكَ إِلَى شَاطِئِ دِجْلَةَ، وَكَتَبَ خَالِدٌ إِلَى أَهْلِ فَارِسَ يَدْعُوهُمْ إِلَى الْإِسْلَامِ أَوِ الْجِزْيَةِ، فَإِنْ أَجَابُوا وَإِلَّا حَارَبَهُمْ، فَكَانَ الْعَجَمُ مُخْتَلِفِينَ بِمَوْتِ أَرْدَشِيرَ، إِلَّا أَنَّهُمْ قَدْ أُنْزِلُوا بَهْمَنْ جَاذَوَيْهِ بَهُرَسِيرَ وَمَعَهُ غَيْرُهُ كَأَنَّهُ مُقَدِّمَةٌ لَهُمْ، وَجَبَى خَالِدٌ الْخَرَاجَ فِي خَمْسِينَ لَيْلَةً وَأَعْطَاهُ الْمُسْلِمِينَ، وَلَمْ يَبْقَ لِأَهْلِ فَارِسَ فِيمَا بَيْنَ الْحِيرَةِ وَدِجْلَةَ أَمْرٌ؛ لِاخْتِلَافِهِمْ بِمَوْتِ أَرْدَشِيرَ، إِلَّا أَنَّهُمْ مُجْمِعُونَ عَلَى حَرْبِ خَالِدٍ، وَخَالِدٌ مُقِيمٌ بِالْحِيرَةِ يَصْعَدُ وَيُصَوِّبُ سَنَةً قَبْلَ خُرُوجِهِ إِلَى الشَّامِ، وَالْفُرْسُ يَخْلَعُونَ وَيَمْلِكُونَ لَيْسَ إِلَّا الدَّفْعُ عَنْ بَهُرَسِيرَ، وَذَلِكَ أَنْ شِيرَى بْنَ كِسْرَى قَتَلَ كُلَّ مَنْ كَانَ يُنَاسِبُهُ إِلَى أُنُوشُرْوَانَ، وَقَتَلَ أَهْلُ فَارِسٍ بَعْدَهُ وَبَعْدَ أَرْدَشِيرَ ابْنَهُ - مَنْ كَانَ بَيْنَ أُنُوشُرْوَانَ وَبَيْنَ بَهْرَامَ جُورَ، فَبَقُوا لَمْ يَقْدِرُوا عَلَى مَنْ يُمَلِّكُونَهُ مِمَّنْ يَجْتَمِعُونَ عَلَيْهِ. فَلَمَّا وَصَلَهُمْ كُتُبُ خَالِدٍ تَكَلَّمَ نِسَاءُ آلِ كِسْرَى عَلَى مَنْ يُمَلِّكُونَهُ إِنْ وَجَدُوهُ. وصول جرير بن عبد الله البجلي إلى خالد بعد فتح الحيرة وَوَصَلَ جَرِيرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْبَجَلِيُّ إِلَى خَالِدٍ بَعْدَ فَتْحِ الْحِيرَةِ، وَكَانَ سَبَبُ وُصُولِهِ إِلَيْهِ أَنَّهُ كَانَ مَعَ خَالِدِ بْنِ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْعَاصِ بِالشَّامِ، فَاسْتَأْذَنَهُ فِي الْمَصِيرِ إِلَى أَبِي بَكْرٍ لِيُكَلِّمَهُ فِي قَوْمِهِ لِيَجْمَعَهُمْ لَهُ، وَكَانُوا أَوْزَاعًا مُتَفَرِّقِينَ فِي الْعَرَبِ، فَأَذِنَ لَهُ، فَقَدِمَ عَلَى أَبِي بَكْرٍ فَذَكَرَ لَهُ ذَلِكَ، وَأَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَعَدَهُ بِهِ وَشَهِدَ لَهُ شُهُودٌ، فَغَضِبَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ وَقَالَ: تَرَى شُغْلَنَا وَمَا نَحْنُ فِيهِ بِغَوْثِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ مِمَّنْ بِإِزَائِهِمْ مِنْ فَارِسَ وَالرُّومِ، ثُمَّ أَنْتَ تُكَلِّفُنِي مَا لَا يُغْنِي ؟ ! وَأَمَرَهُ بِالْمَسِيرِ إِلَى خَالِدِ بْنِ الْوَلِيدِ، فَسَارَ حَتَّى قَدِمَ عَلَيْهِ بَعْدَ فَتْحِ الْحِيرَةِ، وَلَمْ يَشْهَدْ شَيْئًا مِمَّا قَبْلَهَا بِالْعِرَاقِ، وَلَا شَيْئًا مِمَّا كَانَ خَالِدٌ فِيهِ مِنْ قَتْلِ أَهْلِ الرِّدَّةِ.
Translation
✧ Mention of the battle of the Day of Furāt Bādaqalā, and his conquest of al-Ḥīrah Then Khālid marched from Amghīshiyā to al-Ḥīrah, and he carried the baggage and heavy loads in the ships. The marzbān of al-Ḥīrah, who was al-Azādhabah, came out and encamped at al-Ghariyyayn, and he sent his son, who cut off the water from the ships, so they remained on the ground. Khālid rode with cavalry toward the son of al-Azādhabah and met him at Furāt Bādaqalā. He struck him and killed him and killed his companions, then marched toward al-Ḥīrah. Al-Azādhabah fled from him, for news of the death of Ardashīr and the killing of his son had reached him, so he fled without fighting. The Muslims camped at al-Ghariyyayn, and the people of al-Ḥīrah fortified themselves, so he besieged them in their palaces. Ḍirār b. al-Azwar was besieging the White Palace, in which was Iyās b. Qabīṣah al-Ṭāʾī. Ḍirār b. al-Khaṭṭāb was besieging the Palace of al-Ghariyyayn, in which was ʿAdī b. ʿAdī al-Maqtūl. Ḍirār b. Muqarrin al-Muzanī, the tenth of ten brothers, was besieging the Palace of Ibn Māzin, in which was Ibn Akkāl. Al-Muthannā was besieging the Palace of Ibn Buqaylah, in which was ʿAmr b. ʿAbd al-Masīḥ b. Buqaylah. They all summoned them and gave them a day and a night, but the people of al-Ḥīrah refused, and the Muslims fought them. They conquered the houses and monasteries and killed many. The priests and monks called out: "O people of the palace, none kills us but you!" So the people of the palaces called to the Muslims: "We accept one of three: either Islam, or the jizyah, or war." So they held back from them. Iyās b. Qabīṣah and ʿAmr b. ʿAbd al-Masīḥ b. Qays b. Ḥayyān b. al-Ḥārith, who was Buqaylah, came out to them. He was called Buqaylah because he came out to his people in two green cloaks, and they said: "You are nothing but a green buqaylah (small green plant)." They sent them to Khālid. The one who spoke on their behalf was ʿAmr b. ʿAbd al-Masīḥ. Khālid said to him: "How old are you?" He said: "Hundreds of years." He said: "What is the most amazing thing you have seen?" He said: "I saw the villages arranged in a continuous line between Damascus and al-Ḥīrah, and a woman would go out and take no provision except a loaf of bread." Khālid smiled and said to the people of al-Ḥīrah: "Has it not reached me that you are wicked and deceitful? What is the matter with you that you obtain your needs with a senile old man who does not know where he came from?" ʿAmr wanted to show him something of himself by which he would recognize his intellect and the soundness of what he told him. He said: "By your right, I know where I came from!" He said: "From where did you come out?" He said: "From my mother's belly." He said: "Where do you want to go?" He said: "Ahead of me." He said: "What is it?" He said: "The Hereafter." He said: "From where is the farthest trace of you?" He said: "From my father's loins." He said: "In what are you?" He said: "In my clothes." He said: "Do you comprehend?" He said: "Yes, by God, and I restrain." Khālid said: "I am only asking you!" He said: "Then I answer you." He said: "Are you peace or war?" He said: "Rather peace." He said: "What are these fortresses?" He said: "We built them for the fool, to confine him until the forbearing man restrains him." Khālid said: "A land's ignorant one kills it, and a land's learned one kills it. A people know best what is among them." With Ibn Buqaylah was a servant who had a pouch containing poison. Khālid took it and poured it into his hand and said: "Why do you carry this with you?" He said: "I feared you might be other than what I saw, and death was dearer to me than a hardship I would bring upon my people." Khālid said: "No soul will die until it reaches its appointed term." He said: "In the name of God, the best of names, Lord of earth and heaven, He with whose name no disease harms, the Most Merciful, the Compassionate." And he swallowed the poison. Ibn Buqaylah said: "By God, you will attain what you intend as long as any of you is like this." Khālid refused to make peace with them except on condition of handing over Karāmah bt. ʿAbd al-Masīḥ to Shuwayl. They refused. She said: "Make it easy for them and hand me over, for I will ransom myself." They did so. Shuwayl took her, and she ransomed herself from him for a thousand dirhams. People blamed him, and he said: "I did not think there was a number greater than this." The reason for handing her over to him was that when the Prophet ﷺ mentioned his community's conquest of the kingdom of Persia and al-Ḥīrah, Shuwayl asked him to be given Karāmah bt. ʿAbd al-Masīḥ. He had seen her as a young woman and was attracted to her, so the Prophet ﷺ promised him that. When al-Ḥīrah was conquered, he sought her, and witnesses testified for him to the Prophet's ﷺ promise that she be handed over to him, so Khālid handed her over to him. He made peace with them for one hundred and ninety thousand, and it is said: for two hundred and ninety thousand, and they gave him gifts. He sent news of the conquest and the gifts to Abū Bakr, who accepted them as part of the payment, and wrote to Khālid to take from them the remainder of the jizyah and count the gift for them. The conquest of al-Ḥīrah was in the month of Rabīʿ al-Awwal in the year twelve, and Khālid wrote a document for them. When the people of al-Sawād reneged, they lost the document. When al-Muthannā conquered it a second time, it returned with another condition. When they reneged again, Saʿd b. Abī Waqqāṣ conquered it and imposed on them four hundred thousand. Khālid said: "I have not met a people like the people of Persia, and among the people of Persia I have not met anyone like the people of Ullays." Mention of what followed al-Ḥīrah It is said: The dihqāns were lying in wait for Khālid and watching what the people of al-Ḥīrah would do. When he made peace with them and they became loyal to him, the dihqāns came to him from those regions. The dihqān of Furāt Siryā and Ṣalūbā, Ibn Nasṭūnā and Nasṭūnā, came to him, and they made peace with him for what lies between al-Falālīj and Hurmuzjird for two million, and it is said: one million, apart from what belonged to the family of Kisrā. Khālid sent his governors and garrisons, and he sent Ḍirār b. al-Azwar, Ḍirār b. al-Khaṭṭāb, al-Qaʿqāʿ b. ʿAmr, al-Muthannā b. Ḥārithah, and ʿUtaybah b. al-Nahhās. They camped at al-Sīb. They were the commanders of the frontier with Khālid, and he ordered them to raid. They penetrated beyond that to the bank of the Tigris. Khālid wrote to the people of Persia calling them to Islam or the jizyah; if they accepted, fine, otherwise he would fight them. The Persians were in disarray because of the death of Ardashīr, except that Bahman Jādhawyah had been sent down at Bahurasīr, and with him were others as if he were their vanguard. Khālid collected the kharāj in fifty nights and gave it to the Muslims. No authority remained for the people of Persia in what lies between al-Ḥīrah and the Tigris because of their disarray over the death of Ardashīr, except that they were united on war against Khālid. Khālid remained in al-Ḥīrah, going up and down, for a year before his departure to Syria, while the Persians deposed and appointed kings, having nothing but defense of Bahurasīr. That is because Shīrā b. Kisrā killed everyone related to him up to Anūshirwān, and the people of Persia killed after him and after Ardashīr his son those who were between Anūshirwān and Bahrām Jūr. So they remained unable to find anyone to make king from among those they could unite upon. When Khālid's letters reached them, the women of the family of Kisrā spoke about whom they might make king if they found him. The arrival of Jarīr b. ʿAbd Allāh al-Bajalī to Khālid after the conquest of al-Ḥīrah Jarīr b. ʿAbd Allāh al-Bajalī reached Khālid after the conquest of al-Ḥīrah. The reason for his arrival was that he was with Khālid b. Saʿīd b. al-ʿĀṣ in Syria. He asked his permission to go to Abū Bakr to speak to him about his people, to gather them for him, for they were scattered in groups among the Arabs. He permitted him. He came to Abū Bakr and mentioned that to him, and that the Messenger of God ﷺ had promised him that, and witnesses testified for him. Abū Bakr became angry and said: "You see our occupation and what we are in, of helping the Muslims against those who face them from Persia and Byzantium, and then you ask me for something of no benefit?!" He ordered him to march to Khālid b. al-Walīd. So he marched until he reached him after the conquest of al-Ḥīrah, and he did not witness anything before it in Iraq, nor anything of what Khālid was engaged in of killing the people of apostasy.
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