Tarikh (al-Tabari) 1814
The caliphate of Abū Bakr al-Ṣiddīq ᴿᴬ
نسب الأسود العنسي وخروجه خُرُوجُ الْأَسْوَدِ الْعَنْسِيِّ . وَاسْمُهُ عَبْهَلَةُ بْنُ كَعْبِ بْنِ غَوْثٍ، مِنْ بَلَدٍ يُقَالُ لَهَا: كَهْفُ خُبَّانَ. فِي سَبْعِمِائَةِ مُقَاتِلٍ، وَكَتَبَ إِلَى عُمَّالِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: أَيُّهَا الْمَوْرُودُونَ عَلَيْنَا، أَمْسِكُوا عَلَيْنَا مَا أَخَذْتُمْ مِنْ أَرْضِنَا، وَوَفِّرُوا مَا جَمَعْتُمْ، فَنَحْنُ أَوْلَى بِهِ، وَأَنْتُمْ عَلَى مَا أَنْتُمْ عَلَيْهِ. ثُمَّ رَكِبَ فَتَوَجَّهَ إِلَى نَجْرَانَ فَأَخَذَهَا بَعْدَ عَشْرِ لَيَالٍ مِنْ مَخْرَجِهِ، ثُمَّ قَصَدَ إِلَى صَنْعَاءَ، فَخَرَجَ إِلَيْهِ شَهْرُ بْنُ بَاذَامَ فَتَقَاتَلَا، فَغَلَبَهُ الْأَسْوَدُ وَقَتَلَهُ، وَكَسَرَ جَيْشَهَ مِنَ الْأَبْنَاءِ، وَاحْتَلَّ بَلْدَةَ صَنْعَاءَ لِخَمْسٍ وَعِشْرِينَ لَيْلَةً مِنْ مَخْرَجِهِ، فَفَرَّ مُعَاذُ بْنُ جَبَلٍ مِنْ هُنَالِكَ، وَاجْتَازَ بِأَبِي مُوسَى الْأَشْعَرِيِّ، فَذَهَبَا إِلَى حَضْرَمَوْتَ، وَانْحَازَ عُمَّالُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِلَى الطَّاهِرِ، وَرَجَعَ عَمْرُو بْنُ حَزْمٍ وَخَالِدُ بْنُ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْعَاصِ إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ، وَاسْتَوْثَقَتِ الْيَمَنُ بِكَمَالِهَا لِلْأَسْوَدِ الْعَنْسِيِّ، وَجَعَلَ أَمْرُهُ يَسْتَطِيرُ اسْتِطَارَةَ الشَّرَارَةِ، وَكَانَ جَيْشُهُ يَوْمَ لَقِيَ شَهْرًا سَبْعَمِائَةِ فَارِسٍ، وَأُمَرَاؤُهُ قَيْسُ بْنُ عَبْدِ يَغُوثَ الْمُرَادِيُّ، وَمُعَاوِيَةُ بْنُ قَيْسٍ، وَيَزِيدُ بْنُ مُخَزَّمٍ، وَيَزِيدُ بْنُ حُصَيْنٍ الْحَارِثِيُّ، وَيَزِيدُ بْنُ الْأَفْكَلِ الْأَزْدِيُّ، وَاشْتَدَّ مُلْكُهُ، وَاسْتَغْلَظَ أَمْرُهُ، وَارْتَدَّ خَلْقٌ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْيَمَنِ، وَعَامَلَهُ الْمُسْلِمُونَ الَّذِينَ هُنَاكَ بِالتَّقِيَّةِ، وَكَانَ خَلِيفَتُهُ عَلَى مَذْحِجٍ عَمْرُو بْنُ مَعْدِ يكَرِبَ، وَأَسْنَدَ أَمْرَ الْجُنْدِ إِلَى قَيْسِ بْنِ عَبْدِ يَغُوثَ، وَأَسْنَدَ أَمْرَ الْأَبْنَاءِ إِلَى فَيْرُوزَ الدَّيْلَمِيِّ وَدَاذَوَيْهِ، وَتَزَوَّجَ امْرَأَةَ شَهْرِ بْنِ بَاذَامَ، وَهِيَ ابْنَةُ عَمِّ فَيْرُوزَ الدَّيْلَمِيِّ، وَاسْمُهَا آزَاذُ، وَكَانَتِ امْرَأَةً حَسْنَاءَ جَمِيلَةً، وَهِيَ مَعَ ذَلِكَ مُؤْمِنَةٌ بِاللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهُ مُحَمَّدٍ ﷺ، وَمِنَ الصَّالِحَاتِ. الرسول ﷺ يأمر بقتال الأسود العنسي قَالَ سَيْفُ بْنُ عُمَرَ التَّمِيمِيُّ: وَبَعَثَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ كِتَابَهُ حِينَ بَلَغَهُ خَبَرُ الْأَسْوَدِ الْعَنْسِيِّ مَعَ رَجُلٍ يُقَالُ لَهُ: وَبَرُ بْنُ يُحَنِّسَ الدَّيْلَمِيُّ. يَأْمُرُ الْمُسْلِمِينَ الَّذِينَ هُنَاكَ بِمُقَاتَلَةِ الْأَسْوَدِ الْعَنْسِيِّ وَمُصَاوَلَتِهِ، وَقَامَ مُعَاذُ بْنُ جَبَلٍ بِهَذَا الْكِتَابِ أَتَمَّ الْقِيَامِ، وَكَانَ قَدْ تَزَوَّجَ امْرَأَةً مِنَ السَّكُونِ يُقَالُ لَهَا: رَمْلَةُ. فَحَدِبَتْ عَلَيْهِ السَّكُونُ ; لِصِهْرِهِ فِيهِمْ، وَقَامُوا مَعَهُ فِي ذَلِكَ، وَبَلَّغُوا هَذَا الْكِتَابَ إِلَى عُمَّالِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ وَمَنْ قَدَرُوا عَلَيْهِ مِنَ النَّاسِ، وَاتَّفَقَ اجْتِمَاعُهُمْ بِقَيْسِ بْنِ عَبْدِ يَغُوثَ أَمِيرِ الْجُنْدِ، وَكَانَ قَدْ تَغْضَّبَ عَلَيْهِ الْأَسْوَدُ وَاسْتَخَفَّ بِهِ، وَهَمَّ بِقَتْلِهِ، وَكَذَلِكَ كَانَ أَمْرُ فَيْرُوزَ الدَّيْلَمِيِّ قَدْ ضَعُفَ عِنْدَهُ أَيْضًا، وَكَذَا دَاوَذَيْهِ. علم الأسود العنسي بخبر الرسول ﷺ فَلَمَّا أَعْلَمْ وَبَرُ بْنُ يُحَنِّسَ وَالْمُسْلِمُونَ قَيْسَ بْنَ عَبْدِ يَغُوثَ، وَهُوَ قَيْسُ بْنُ مَكْشُوحٍ، كَانَ كَأَنَّمَا نَزَلُوا عَلَيْهِ مِنَ السَّمَاءِ، وَوَافَقَهُمْ عَلَى الْفَتْكِ بِالْأَسْوَدِ، وَتَوَافَقَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ عَلَى ذَلِكَ وَتَعَاقَدُوا عَلَيْهِ، فَلَمَّا أَيْقَنَ ذَلِكَ فِي الْبَاطِنِ اطَّلَعَ شَيْطَانُ الْأَسْوَدِ لِلْأَسْوَدِ عَلَى شَيْءٍ مِنْ ذَلِكَ، فَدَعَا قَيْسَ بْنَ مَشْكُوحٍ فَقَالَ لَهُ: يَا قَيْسُ، مَا يَقُولُ هَذَا ؟ قَالَ: وَمَا يَقُولُ ؟ قَالَ: يَقُولُ: عَمَدْتَ إِلَى قَيْسٍ فَأَكْرَمْتَهُ حَتَّى إِذَا دَخَلَ مِنْكَ كُلَّ مَدْخَلٍ، وَصَارَ فِي الْعِزِّ مِثْلَكَ، مَالَ مَيْلَ عَدُوِّكَ، وَحَاوَلَ مَلْكَكَ، وَأَضْمَرَ عَلَى الْغَدْرِ، إِنَّهُ يَقُولُ: يَا أَسْوَدُ يَا أَسْوَدُ، يَا سَوْآهْ يَا سَوْآهْ، قَطِّفْ قُنَّتَهُ، وَخُذْ مِنْ قَيْسٍ أَعْلَاهُ، وَإِلَّا سَلَبَكَ وَقَطَفَ قُنَّتَكَ، فَقَالَ قَيْسٌ: - وَحَلَفَ لَهُ فَكَذَبَ -: وَذِي الْخِمَارِ لَأَنْتَ أَعْظَمُ فِي نَفْسِي وَأَجَلُّ عِنْدِي مِنْ أَنْ أُحَدِّثَ بِكَ نَفْسِي. فَقَالَ لَهُ الْأَسْوَدُ: مَا إِخَالُكَ تُكَذِّبُ الْمَلَكَ، فَقَدْ صَدَقَ الْمَلَكُ وَعَرَفَ الْآنَ أَنَّكَ تَائِبٌ ; لِمَا اطَّلَعَ عَلَيْهِ مِنْكَ. ثُمَّ خَرَجَ قَيْسٌ مِنْ بَيْنِ يَدَيْهِ، فَجَاءَ إِلَى أَصْحَابِهِ فَيْرُوزَ وَدَاوَذَيْهِ، وَأَخْبَرَهُمْ بِمَا قَالَ لَهُ وَرَدَّ عَلَيْهِ، فَقَالُوا: إِنَّا كُلُّنَا عَلَى حَذَرٍ، فَمَا الرَّأْيُ ؟ فَبَيْنَمَا هُمْ يَشْتَوِرُونَ إِذْ جَاءَهُمْ رَسُولُهُ فَأَحْضَرَهُمْ بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ، فَقَالَ: أَلَمْ أُشَرِّفْكُمْ عَلَى قَوْمِكُمْ ؟ قَالُوا: بَلَى. قَالَ: فَمَاذَا يَبْلُغُنِي عَنْكُمْ ؟ فَقَالُوا: أَقِلْنَا مَرَّتَنَا هَذِهِ. فَقَالَ: لَا يَبْلُغُنِي عَنْكُمْ فَأَقْتُلَكُمْ. قَالَ: فَخَرَجْنَا مِنْ عِنْدِهِ وَلَمْ نَكَدْ وَهُوَ فِي ارْتِيَابٍ مِنْ أَمْرِنَا، وَنَحْنُ عَلَى خَطَرٍ، فَبَيْنَمَا نَحْنُ فِي ذَلِكَ إِذْ جَاءَتْنَا كُتُبٌ مِنْ عَامِرِ بْنِ شَهْرٍ أَمِيرِ هَمْدَانَ، وَذِي ظُلَيْمٍ، وَذِي كَلَاعٍ، وَغَيْرِهِمْ مِنْ أُمَرَاءِ الْيَمَنِ، يَبْذُلُونَ لَنَا الطَّاعَةَ وَالنَّصْرَ عَلَى مُخَالَفَةِ الْأَسْوَدِ، وَذَلِكَ حِينَ جَاءَهُمْ كِتَابُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَحُثُّهُمْ عَلَى مُصَاوَلَةِ الْأَسْوَدِ الْعَنْسِيِّ، فَكَتَبْنَا إِلَيْهِمْ أَنْ لَا يُحْدِثُوا شَيْئًا حَتَّى نُبْرِمَ الْأَمْرَ. الاتفاق على قتل الأسود العنسي قَالَ قَيْسٌ: فَدَخَلْتُ عَلَى امْرَأَتِهِ آزَاذَ، فَقُلْتُ: يَا ابْنَةَ عَمِّي، قَدْ عَرَفْتِ بَلَاءَ هَذَا الرَّجُلِ عِنْدَ قَوْمِكِ، قَتَلَ زَوْجَكِ، وَطَأْطَأَ فِي قَوْمِكِ الْقَتْلَ، وَفَضَحَ النِّسَاءَ، فَهَلْ عِنْدَكِ مُمَالَأَةٌ عَلَيْهِ ؟ قَالَتْ: عَلَى أَيِّ أَمْرِهِ ؟ قُلْتُ: إِخْرَاجِهِ. قَالَتْ: أَوْ قَتْلِهِ ؟ قُلْتُ: أَوْ قَتْلِهِ. قَالَتْ: نَعَمْ، وَاللَّهِ مَا خَلْقَ اللَّهُ شَخْصًا هُوَ أَبْغَضُ إِلَيَّ مِنْهُ، فَمَا يَقُومُ لِلَّهِ عَلَى حَقٍّ، وَلَا يَنْتَهِي لَهُ عَنْ حُرْمَةٍ، فَإِذَا عَزَمْتُمْ فَأَعْلِمُونِي أُخْبِرْكُمْ بِمَا فِي هَذَا الْأَمْرِ. قَالَ: فَأَخْرُجُ فَإِذَا فَيْرُوزُ وَدَاوَذَيْهِ يَنْتَظِرَانِي يُرِيدُونَ أَنْ يُنَاهِضُوهُ. فَمَا اسْتَقَرَّ اجْتِمَاعُهُ بِهِمَا حَتَّى بَعَثَ إِلَيْهِ الْأَسْوَدُ، فَدَخَلَ فِي عَشَرَةٍ مِنْ قَوْمِهِ، فَقَالَ لَهُ: أَلَمْ أُخْبِرْكَ بِالْحَقِّ وَتُخْبِرْنِي بِالْكِذَابَةِ ؟ إِنَّهُ يَقُولُ: يَا سَوْآهْ يَا سَوْآهْ، إِنْ لَمْ تَقْطَعْ مِنْ قَيْسٍ يَدَهُ يَقْطَعْ رَقَبَتَكَ الْعُلْيَا. حَتَّى ظَنَّ قَيْسٌ أَنَّهُ قَاتِلُهُ، فَقَالَ: إِنَّهُ لَيْسَ مِنَ الْحَقِّ أَنْ أَهْلِكَ وَأَنْتَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ، فَقَتْلِي أَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ مِنْ مَوْتَاتٍ أُمُوتُهَا كُلَّ يَوْمٍ. فَرَقَّ لَهُ وَأَمَرَهُ بِالِانْصِرَافِ، فَخَرَجَ إِلَى أَصْحَابِهِ قَالَ: اعْمَلُوا عَمَلَكُمْ. فَبَيْنَمَا هُمْ وُقُوفٌ بِالْبَابِ يَشْتَوِرُونَ إِذْ خَرَجَ الْأَسْوَدُ عَلَيْهِمْ، وَقَدْ جَمَعَ لَهُ مِائَةً مَا بَيْنَ بَقَرَةٍ وَبَعِيرٍ، فَقَامَ وَخَطَّ خَطًّا وَأُقِيمَتْ مِنْ وَرَائِهِ، وَقَامَ دُونَهَا، فَنَحَرَهَا غَيْرَ مُحَبَّسَةٍ وَلَا مُعَلَّقَةٍ، مَا يَقْتَحِمُ الْخَطَّ مِنْهَا شَيْءٌ، فَجَالَتْ إِلَى أَنْ زَهَقَتْ أَرْوَاحُهَا. قَالَ قَيْسٌ: فَمَا رَأَيْتُ أَمْرًا كَانَ أَفْظَعَ مِنْهُ، وَلَا يَوْمًا أَوْحَشَ مِنْهُ. ثُمَّ قَالَ الْأَسْوَدُ: أَحَقٌّ مَا بَلَغَنِي عَنْكَ يَا فَيْرُوزُ ؟ لَقَدْ هَمَمْتُ أَنْ أَنْحَرَكَ فَأُتْبِعَكَ هَذِهِ الْبَهِيمَةَ. وَبَوَّأَ لَهُ الْحَرْبَةَ. فَقَالَ لَهُ فَيْرُوزُ: اخْتَرْتَنَا لِصِهْرِكَ، وَفَضَّلْتَنَا عَلَى الْأَبْنَاءِ، فَلَوْ لَمْ تَكُنْ نَبِيًّا مَا بِعْنَا نَصِيبَنَا مِنْكَ بِشَيْءٍ، فَكَيْفَ وَقَدِ اجْتَمَعَ لَنَا بِكَ أَمْرُ الْآخِرَةِ وَالدُّنْيَا ؟ فَلَا تَقْبَلْ عَلَيْنَا أَمْثَالَ مَا يَبْلُغُكَ، فَإِنَّا بِحَيْثُ تُحِبُّ، فَرَضِيَ عَنْهُ وَأَمَرَهُ بِقَسْمِ لُحُومِ تِلْكَ الْأَنْعَامِ، فَفَرَّقَهَا فَيْرُوزُ فِي أَهْلِ صَنْعَاءَ، ثُمَّ أَسْرَعَ اللِّحَاقَ بِهِ، فَإِذَا رَجُلٌ يُحَرِّضُهُ عَلَى فَيْرُوزَ وَيَسْعَى إِلَيْهِ فِيهِ، فَاسْتَمَعَ لَهُ فَيْرُوزُ، فَإِذَا الْأَسْوَدُ يَقُولُ: أَنَا قَاتِلُهُ غَدًا وَأَصْحَابِهِ، فَاغْدُ عَلَيَّ بِهِ. ثُمَّ الْتَفَتَ فَإِذَا فَيْرُوزُ، فَقَالَ: مَهْ. فَأَخْبَرَهُ فَيْرُوزُ بِمَا صَنَعَ مِنْ قَسْمِ ذَلِكَ اللَّحْمِ، فَدَخَلَ الْأَسْوَدُ دَارَهُ، وَرَجَعَ فَيْرُوزُ إِلَى أَصْحَابِهِ، فَأَعْلَمَهُمْ بِمَا سَمِعَ وَبِمَا قَالَ وَقِيلَ لَهُ، فَاجْتَمَعَ رَأْيُهُمْ عَلَى أَنْ يُعَاوِدُوا الْمَرْأَةَ فِي أَمْرِهِ، فَدَخَلَ أَحَدُهُمْ - وَهُوَ فَيْرُوزُ - إِلَيْهَا، فَقَالَتْ: إِنَّهُ لَيْسَ مِنَ الدَّارِ بَيْتٌ إِلَّا وَالْحَرَسُ مُحِيطُونَ بِهِ، غَيْرَ هَذَا الْبَيْتِ، فَإِنَّ ظَهْرَهُ إِلَى مَكَانِ كَذَا وَكَذَا مِنَ الطَّرِيقِ، فَإِذَا أَمْسَيْتُمْ فَانْقُبُوا عَلَيْهِ مِنْ دُونِ الْحَرَسِ، وَلَيْسَ مِنْ دُونِ قَتْلِهِ شَيْءٌ، وَإِنِّي سَأَضَعُ فِي الْبَيْتِ سِرَاجًا وَسِلَاحًا. قتل فيروز الديلمي للأسود العنسي فَلَمَّا خَرَجَ مِنْ عِنْدِهَا تَلَقَّاهُ الْأَسْوَدُ فَقَالَ لَهُ: مَا أَدْخَلَكَ عَلَى أَهْلِي ؟ وَوَجَأَ رَأْسَهُ، وَكَانَ الْأَسْوَدُ شَدِيدًا، فَصَاحَتِ الْمَرْأَةُ فَأَدْهَشَتْهُ عَنْهُ، وَلَوْلَا ذَلِكَ لَقَتَلَهُ، وَقَالَتِ: ابْنُ عَمِّي جَاءَنِي زَائِرًا. فَقَالَ: اسْكُتِي لَا أَبَا لَكِ، قَدْ وَهَبْتُهُ لَكِ. فَخَرَجَ عَلَى أَصْحَابِهِ فَقَالَ: النِّجَاءَ النِّجَاءَ. وَأَخْبَرَهُمُ الْخَبَرَ، فَحَارُوا مَاذَا يَصْنَعُونَ ؟ فَبَعَثَتِ الْمَرْأَةُ إِلَيْهِمْ تَقُولُ لَهُمْ: لَا تَنْثَنُوا عَمَّا كُنْتُمْ عَازِمِينَ عَلَيْهِ. فَدَخَلَ عَلَيْهَا فَيْرُوزُ الدَّيْلَمِيُّ فَاسْتَثْبَتَ مِنْهَا الْخَبَرَ، وَدَخَلُوا إِلَى ذَلِكَ الْبَيْتِ فَنَقَبُوا مِنْ دَاخِلِهِ بَطَائِنَ ; لِيَهُونَ عَلَيْهِمُ النَّقْبُ مِنْ خَارِجٍ، ثُمَّ جَلَسَ عِنْدَهَا جَهْرَةً كَالزَّائِرِ، فَدَخَلَ الْأَسْوَدُ فَقَالَ: وَمَا هَذَا ؟ فَقَالَتْ: إِنَّهُ أَخِي مَنِ الرَّضَاعَةِ، وَهُوَ ابْنُ عَمِّي. فَنَهَرَهُ وَأَخْرَجَهُ، فَرَجَعَ إِلَى أَصْحَابِهِ، فَلَمَّا كَانَ اللَّيْلُ نَقَبُوا ذَلِكَ الْبَيْتَ فَدَخَلُوا فَوَجَدُوا فِيهِ سِرَاجًا تَحْتَ جَفْنَةٍ، فَتَقَدَّمَ إِلَيْهِ فَيْرُوزُ الدَّيْلَمِيُّ وَالْأَسْوَدُ نَائِمٌ عَلَى فِرَاشٍ مِنْ حَرِيرٍ، قَدْ غَرِقَ رَأْسُهُ فِي جَسَدِهِ، وَهُوَ سَكْرَانُ يَغُطُّ، وَالْمَرْأَةُ جَالِسَةٌ عِنْدَهُ، فَلَمَّا قَامَ فَيْرُوزُ عَلَى الْبَابِ أَجْلَسَهُ شَيْطَانُهُ وَتَكَلَّمَ عَلَى لِسَانِهِ - وَهُوَ نَائِمٌ مَعَ ذَلِكَ يَغُطُّ - فَقَالَ: مَا لِي وَمَا لَكَ يَا فَيْرُوزُ ؟ فَخَشِيَ إِنْ رَجَعَ أَنْ يَهْلِكَ وَتَهْلِكَ الْمَرْأَةُ، فَعَاجَلَهُ وَخَالَطَهُ، وَهُوَ مِثْلُ الْجَمَلِ، فَأَخَذَ بِرَأْسِهِ فَدَقَّ عُنُقَهُ، وَوَضَعَ رُكْبَتَيْهِ فِي ظَهْرِهِ حَتَّى قَتَلَهُ، ثُمَّ قَامَ لِيَخْرُجَ إِلَى أَصْحَابِهِ لِيُخْبِرَهُمْ، فَأَخَذَتِ الْمَرْأَةُ بِذَيْلِهِ وَقَالَتْ: أَيْنَ تَذْهَبُ عَنْ حُرْمَتِكُمْ ؟ فَظَنَّتْ أَنَّهُ لَمْ يَقْتُلْهُ، فَقَالَ: أَخْرُجُ لِأُعْلِمَهُمْ بِقَتْلِهِ، فَدَخَلُوا عَلَيْهِ لِيَحْتَزُّوا رَأْسَهُ، فَحَرَّكَهُ شَيْطَانُهُ فَاضْطَرَبَ، فَلَمْ يَضْبُطُوا أَمْرَهُ حَتَّى جَلَسَ اثْنَانِ عَلَى ظَهْرِهِ، وَأَخَذَتِ الْمَرْأَةُ بِشِعْرِهِ، وَجَعَلَ يُبَرْبِرُ بِلِسَانِهِ، فَاحْتَزَّ الْآخَرُ رَقَبَتَهُ، فَخَارَ كَأَشَدِّ خُوَارِ ثَوْرٍ سُمِعَ قَطُّ، فَابْتَدَرَ الْحَرَسُ إِلَى الْمَقْصُورَةِ، فَقَالُوا: مَا هَذَا ؟ ! مَا هَذَا ؟ ! فَقَالَتِ الْمَرْأَةُ: النَّبِيُّ يُوحَى إِلَيْهِ. فَرَجَعُوا. البشارة بمقتل الأسود العنسي وَجَلَسَ قَيْسٌ وَدَاذَوَيْهِ وَفَيْرُوزُ يَأْتَمِرُونَ كَيْفَ يُعْلِمُونَ أَشْيَاعَهُمْ، فَاتَّفَقُوا عَلَى أَنَّهُ إِذَا كَانَ الصَّبَاحُ يُنَادُونَ بِشِعَارِهِمُ الَّذِي بَيْنَهُمْ وَبَيْنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ، فَلَمَّا كَانَ الصَّبَاحُ قَامَ أَحَدُهُمْ، وَهُوَ قَيْسٌ، عَلَى سُورِ الْحِصْنِ فَنَادَى بِشِعَارِهِمْ، فَاجْتَمَعَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ وَالْكَافِرُونَ حَوْلَ الْحِصْنِ، فَنَادَى قَيْسٌ - وَيُقَالُ: وَبَرُ بْنُ يُحَنِّسَ - بِالْأَذَانِ: أَشْهَدُ أَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، وَأَنَّ عَبْهَلَةَ كَذَّابٌ. وَأَلْقَى إِلَيْهِمْ رَأْسَهُ، فَانْهَزَمَ أَصْحَابُهُ، وَتَبِعَهُمُ النَّاسُ يَأْخُذُونَهُمْ وَيَرْصُدُونَهُمْ فِي كُلِّ طَرِيقٍ يَأْسِرُونَهُمْ، وَظَهَرَ الْإِسْلَامُ وَأَهْلُهُ، وَتَرَاجَعَ نُوَّابُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِلَى أَعْمَالِهِمْ، وَتَنَازَعَ أُولَئِكَ الثَّلَاثَةُ فِي الْإِمَارَةَ، ثُمَّ اتَّفَقُوا عَلَى مُعَاذِ بْنِ جَبَلٍ يُصَلِّي بِالنَّاسِ، وَكَتَبُوا بِالْخَبَرِ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَقَدْ أَطْلَعَهُ اللَّهُ عَلَى الْخَبَرِ مِنْ لَيْلَتِهِ. كَمَا قَالَ سَيْفُ بْنُ عُمَرَ التَّمِيمِيُّ بسنده عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ قَالَ: أَتَى الْخَبَرُ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ مِنَ السَّمَاءِ اللَّيْلَةَ الَّتِي قُتِلَ فِيهَا الْعَنْسِيُّ لِيُبَشِّرَنَا، فَقَالَ: " قُتِلَ الْعَنْسِيُّ الْبَارِحَةَ، قَتَلَهُ رَجُلٌ مُبَارَكٌ مِنْ أَهْلِ بَيْتٍ مُبَارَكِينَ ". قِيلَ: وَمَنْ ؟ قَالَ: " فَيْرُوزُ، فَازَ فَيْرُوزُ ". وَقَدْ قِيلَ: إِنَّ مُدَّةَ مُلْكِهِ مُنْذُ ظَهَرَ إِلَى أَنْ قُتِلَ ثَلَاثَةُ أَشْهُرٍ. وَيُقَالُ: أَرْبَعَةُ أَشْهُرٍ. فَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ. وَقَالَ سَيْفُ بْنُ عُمَرَ عَنِ الْمُسْتَنِيرِ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ، عَنِ الضِّحَاكِ، عَنْ فَيْرُوزَ قَالَ: قَتَلْنَا الْأَسْوَدَ وَعَادَ أَمْرُنَا كَمَا كَانَ، إِلَّا أَنَّا أَرْسَلْنَا إِلَى مُعَاذِ بْنِ جَبَلٍ فَتَرَاضَيْنَا عَلَيْهِ، فَكَانَ يُصَلِّي بِنَا فِي صَنْعَاءَ، فَوَاللَّهِ مَا صَلَّى بِنَا إِلَّا ثَلَاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ حَتَّى أَتَانَا الْخَبَرُ بِوَفَاةِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَانْتَقَضَتِ الْأُمُورُ، وَأَنْكَرَنَا كَثِيرًا مِمَّا كُنَّا نَعْرِفُ، وَاضْطَرَبَتِ الْأَرْضُ. وَقَدْ قَدَّمْنَا أَنَّ خَبَرَ الْعَنْسِيِّ جَاءَ إِلَى الصِّدِّيقِ فِي أَوَاخِرَ رَبِيعٍ الْأَوَّلِ بَعْدَ مَا جَهَّزَ جَيْشَ أُسَامَةَ، وَقِيلَ: بَلْ جَاءَتِ الْبِشَارَةُ إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ صَبِيحَةَ تُوُفِّيَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ. وَالْأَوَّلُ أَشْهَرُ. وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ. وَالْمَقْصُودُ أَنَّهُ لَمْ يَجِئْهُمْ فِيمَا يَتَعَلَّقُ بِمَصَالِحِهِمْ وَاجْتِمَاعِ كَلِمَتِهِمْ وَتَأْلِيفِ مَا بَيْنَهُمْ وَالتَّمَسُّكِ بِدِينِ الْإِسْلَامِ إِلَّا الصِّدِّيقُ، ؓ، وَسَيَأْتِي إِرْسَالُهُ إِلَيْهِمْ مَنْ يُمَهِّدُ الْأُمُورَ الَّتِي اضْطَرَبَتْ فِي بِلَادِهِمْ وَيُقَوِّي أَيْدِيَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ، وَيُثَبِّتُ أَرْكَانَ دَعَائِمِ الْإِسْلَامِ فِيهِمْ، ؓ. وقت مقتل الأسود العنسي مَقْتَلُ الْأَسْوَدِ الْعَنْسِيِّ الْمُتَنَبِّئِ الْكَذَّابِ لَعَنَهُ اللَّهُ . قَالَ أَبُو جَعْفَرِ بْنُ جَرِيرٍ: عَنْ أَبِي مَعْشَرٍ وغيره، عَنْ مَشْيَخَتِهِ، قَالُوا: أَمْضَى أَبُو بَكْرٍ جَيْشَ أُسَامَةَ بْنِ زَيْدٍ فِي آخِرِ رَبِيعٍ الْأَوَّلِ، وَأَتَى مَقْتَلُ الْأَسْوَدِ فِي آخِرِ رَبِيعٍ الْأَوَّلِ بَعْدَ مَخْرِجِ أُسَامَةَ، فَكَانَ ذَلِكَ أَوَّلَ فَتْحٍ أَتَى أَبَا بَكْرٍ وَهُوَ بِالْمَدِينَةِ.
Translation
✧ The lineage of al-Aswad al-ʿAnsī and his uprising The going forth of al-Aswad al-ʿAnsī. His name was ʿAbhalah b. Kaʿb b. Ghawth, from a land called Kahf Khubbān. [He went forth] with seven hundred fighting men, and he wrote to the governors of the Prophet ﷺ: "O you who have come to us as governors, withhold from us what you have taken of our land, and preserve what you have collected, for we are more entitled to it, and you remain as you are." Then he mounted and headed for Najrān, and he took it after ten nights from his setting out. Then he made for Ṣanʿāʾ, and Shahr b. Bādhām went out to meet him, and they fought, and al-Aswad defeated him and killed him, and shattered his army of the Abnāʾ. He occupied the city of Ṣanʿāʾ twenty-five nights after his setting out. Muʿādh b. Jabal fled from there and passed by Abū Mūsā al-Ashʿarī, and they both went to Ḥaḍramawt. The governors of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ withdrew to al-Ṭāhir, and ʿAmr b. Ḥazm and Khālid b. Saʿīd b. al-ʿĀṣ returned to Madinah. All of Yemen became firmly secured for al-Aswad al-ʿAnsī, and his affair began to spread like the spreading of a spark. His army on the day he met Shahr was seven hundred horsemen. His commanders were Qays b. ʿAbd Yaghūth al-Murādī, Muʿāwiyah b. Qays, Yazīd b. Mukhazzam, Yazīd b. Ḥuṣayn al-Ḥārithī, and Yazīd b. al-Afkal al-Azdī. His dominion grew strong and his affair became grave, and a multitude of the people of Yemen apostatized. The Muslims who were there dealt with him by dissimulation. His deputy over Madhḥij was ʿAmr b. Maʿdīkarib, and he entrusted the command of the army to Qays b. ʿAbd Yaghūth, and entrusted the command of the Abnāʾ to Fayrūz al-Daylamī and Dādhawyah. He married the wife of Shahr b. Bādhām, who was the cousin of Fayrūz al-Daylamī, and her name was Āzād. She was a beautiful and lovely woman, and along with that she believed in Allah and His Messenger Muḥammad ﷺ, and was among the righteous women. The Messenger ﷺ commands fighting al-Aswad al-ʿAnsī Sayf b. ʿUmar al-Tamīmī said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ sent his letter, when the news of al-Aswad al-ʿAnsī reached him, with a man called Wabara b. Yuḥannis al-Daylamī, commanding the Muslims who were there to fight al-Aswad al-ʿAnsī and assault him. Muʿādh b. Jabal undertook this letter with the fullest undertaking. He had married a woman from al-Sakūn called Ramlah, so al-Sakūn became kindly disposed toward him because of his marriage alliance among them, and they stood with him in that matter, and conveyed this letter to the governors of the Prophet ﷺ and to those of the people they could reach. They agreed to meet with Qays b. ʿAbd Yaghūth, the commander of the army, who had become angry with al-Aswad, who had belittled him and resolved to kill him. Likewise, the standing of Fayrūz al-Daylamī had become weak with him, and so had Dādhawyah. Al-Aswad al-ʿAnsī learns of the Messenger's ﷺ news When Wabara b. Yuḥannis and the Muslims informed Qays b. ʿAbd Yaghūth, who is Qays b. Makshūḥ, it was as if they had descended upon him from heaven. He agreed with them to assassinate al-Aswad. The Muslims concurred on that and made a pact upon it. When he was certain of that inwardly, the devil of al-Aswad disclosed something of it to al-Aswad. He summoned Qays b. Makshūḥ and said to him: "O Qays, what does this one say?" He said: "And what does he say?" He said: "He says: You set out to honor Qays until, when he entered into every place of yours and became like you in honor, he inclined like your enemy, sought your kingdom, and concealed treachery. He says: O Aswad, O Aswad, O disgrace, O disgrace, pluck his forelock, and take from Qays his highest part, or else he will rob you and pluck your forelock." Qays said—and he swore to him falsely—"By the Lord of the veil, you are greater in my soul and more majestic with me than that I should entertain thoughts of you." Al-Aswad said to him: "I do not think you would call the angel a liar, for the angel has spoken truth and now knows that you are repentant because of what he has learned about you." Then Qays went out from before him and came to his companions Fayrūz and Dādhawyah and told them what he had said to him and what he had replied. They said: "We are all on guard. What is the opinion?" While they were consulting, his messenger came and brought them before him. He said: "Did I not honor you above your people?" They said: "Yes." He said: "Then what reaches me about you?" They said: "Pardon us this once." He said: "Let nothing reach me about you or I will kill you." He said: "We went out from his presence and had barely done so while he was in suspicion about us, and we were in danger. While we were in that state, letters came to us from ʿĀmir b. Shahr, the governor of Hamdān, and Dhū Ẓulaym, and Dhū Kalāʿ, and others of the governors of Yemen, offering us obedience and support against opposing al-Aswad, and that was when the letter of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ came to them urging them to assault al-Aswad al-ʿAnsī. We wrote to them not to do anything until we had settled the matter. The agreement to kill al-Aswad al-ʿAnsī Qays said: I entered upon his wife Āzād and said: "O daughter of my uncle, you have known the affliction of this man upon your people. He killed your husband, subjected your people to slaughter, and disgraced the women. Do you have any support against him?" She said: "In what matter?" I said: "Expelling him." She said: "Or killing him?" I said: "Or killing him." She said: "Yes, by Allah, Allah has not created a person more hateful to me than him. He does not uphold any right for Allah, nor does he refrain from any sanctity. When you are resolved, inform me and I will tell you what is in this matter." He said: I went out, and there were Fayrūz and Dādhawyah waiting for me, wanting to rise against him. No sooner had I met with them than al-Aswad sent for him, and he entered with ten of his people. He said to him: "Did I not tell you the truth while you told me falsehood? He says: O disgrace, O disgrace, if you do not cut off Qays's hand, he will cut your highest neck." Qays thought he was going to kill him, so he said: "It is not right that I should perish while you are the Messenger of Allah, for my being killed is dearer to me than deaths I die every day." He felt compassion for him and ordered him to leave. He went out to his companions and said: "Do your work." While they were standing at the door consulting, al-Aswad came out to them. He had gathered one hundred animals, between cows and camels. He stood and drew a line, and they were set up behind it, and he stood before it, and he slaughtered them neither restrained nor tied. Not one of them crossed the line, and they wandered about until their souls departed. Qays said: I have never seen anything more dreadful than that, nor a day more terrifying. Then al-Aswad said: "Is what has reached me about you true, O Fayrūz? I have resolved to slaughter you and make you follow this beast." And he aimed the spear at him. Fayrūz said to him: "You chose us for your marriage alliance and preferred us above the Abnāʾ. Even if you were not a prophet, we would not sell our share of you for anything. How then when the affair of the Hereafter and this world has been joined for us through you? Do not accept against us the likes of what reaches you, for we are where you love." He was pleased with him and ordered him to distribute the meat of those animals. Fayrūz distributed it among the people of Ṣanʿāʾ. Then he hastened to catch up with him, and there was a man inciting him against Fayrūz and seeking to harm him through him. Fayrūz listened, and al-Aswad was saying: "I will kill him and his companions tomorrow, so bring him to me in the morning." Then he turned and saw Fayrūz, and said: "Enough." Fayrūz told him what he had done in distributing that meat. Al-Aswad entered his house, and Fayrūz returned to his companions and told them what he had heard, and what he had said and been told. Their opinion settled on consulting the woman again about his affair. One of them—Fayrūz—entered upon her, and she said: "There is no room in the house but that the guards surround it, except this room, for its back is toward such-and-such a place on the road. When evening comes, make a breach upon it from beyond the guards. There is nothing to prevent his being killed. I will place a lamp and weapons in the room." Fayrūz al-Daylamī kills al-Aswad al-ʿAnsī When he went out from her, al-Aswad met him and said: "What brought you in to my family?" And he struck him on the head—al-Aswad was strong. The woman cried out and startled him away from him, and had it not been for that, he would have killed him. She said: "My cousin came to visit me." He said: "Be quiet, may you have no father. I have given him to you as a gift." He went out to his companions and said: "Escape, escape!" And he told them the news. They were bewildered as to what to do. The woman sent to them saying: "Do not turn back from what you were resolved upon." Fayrūz al-Daylamī entered upon her and obtained confirmation of the news from her. They entered that room and made a breach in its inner linings from inside to make the breaching easier for them from outside. Then he sat with her openly like a visitor. Al-Aswad entered and said: "What is this?" She said: "He is my foster brother and my cousin." He rebuked him and expelled him. He returned to his companions. When night came, they breached that room and entered. They found in it a lamp under a large bowl. Fayrūz al-Daylamī advanced to him while al-Aswad was sleeping on a bed of silk, his head sunk into his body, drunk and snoring, and the woman was sitting beside him. When Fayrūz stood at the door, his devil sat him up and spoke through his tongue—while he was still sleeping and snoring—and said: "What have I to do with you, O Fayrūz?" He feared that if he turned back, he would perish and the woman would perish. So he hastened upon him and grappled with him, and he was like a camel. He seized his head and broke his neck, and placed his knees on his back until he killed him. Then he rose to go out to his companions to inform them. The woman took hold of his garment and said: "Where are you going from your protected one?" She thought he had not killed him. He said: "I am going out to inform them of his death." They entered upon him to cut off his head. His devil moved him, and he convulsed. They could not control him until two sat on his back, and the woman took hold of his hair, and he began to babble with his tongue. The other cut his neck, and he bellowed like the loudest bellowing of a bull ever heard. The guards rushed to the pavilion and said: "What is this? What is this?" The woman said: "The prophet is receiving revelation." So they went back. The good news of the killing of al-Aswad al-ʿAnsī Qays, Dādhawyah, and Fayrūz sat consulting how to inform their followers. They agreed that at dawn they would call out with their battle cry which was between them and the Muslims. When morning came, one of them—Qays—stood on the wall of the fortress and called out with their battle cry. The Muslims and the disbelievers gathered around the fortress. Qays—or, it is said, Wabara b. Yuḥannis—called out the call to prayer: "I bear witness that Muḥammad is the Messenger of Allah, and that ʿAbhalah is a liar." And he cast down his head to them. His companions fled, and the people pursued them, seizing them and lying in wait for them on every road, taking them captive. Islam and its people became manifest, and the deputies of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ returned to their posts. Those three disputed over the command. Then they agreed that Muʿādh b. Jabal would lead the people in prayer. They wrote the news to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, and Allah had informed him of the news that very night. As Sayf b. ʿUmar al-Tamīmī said with his chain from Ibn ʿUmar, who said: The news came to the Prophet ﷺ from heaven on the night in which al-ʿAnsī was killed, to give us glad tidings. He said: "Al-ʿAnsī was killed last night. A blessed man from a blessed household killed him." It was said: "And who?" He said: "Fayrūz. Fayrūz has triumphed." It has been said that the duration of his dominion from his appearance until he was killed was three months, and it is said four months. And Allah knows best. Sayf b. ʿUmar said, from al-Mustanīr, from ʿUrwah, from al-Ḍaḥḥāk, from Fayrūz, who said: We killed al-Aswad and our affair returned to what it had been, except that we sent to Muʿādh b. Jabal and agreed upon him, and he used to lead us in prayer in Ṣanʿāʾ. By Allah, he led us in prayer for only three days before the news of the death of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ came to us. Then affairs broke down, and we found much of what we had known changed, and the earth was thrown into turmoil. We have already mentioned that the news of al-ʿAnsī came to al-Ṣiddīq in the last part of Rabīʿ al-Awwal, after he had dispatched the army of Usāmah. It is also said that the glad tidings reached Madinah on the morning of the death of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. The first is more commonly reported, and Allah knows best. The point is that nothing came to them concerning their interests, the unity of their word, the harmony among them, and adherence to the religion of Islam except through al-Ṣiddīq, ؓ. There will come mention of his sending to them someone to set aright the affairs that had become disordered in their lands, to strengthen the hands of the Muslims, and to make firm the pillars of Islam among them, ؓ. The time of the killing of al-Aswad al-ʿAnsī The killing of al-Aswad al-ʿAnsī, the false prophet, the liar, may Allah curse him. Abū Jaʿfar b. Jarīr said, from Abū Maʿshar and others, from his shaykhs, who said: Abū Bakr dispatched the army of Usāmah b. Zayd at the end of Rabīʿ al-Awwal, and the killing of al-Aswad came at the end of Rabīʿ al-Awwal after the departure of Usāmah. That was the first victory that came to Abū Bakr while he was in Madinah.
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