Tarikh (al-Tabari) 1807
The caliphate of Abū Bakr al-Ṣiddīq ᴿᴬ
فَصْلٌ فِي مَسِيرَةِ الْأُمَرَاءَ مِنْ ذِي الْقَصَّةِ عَلَى مَا عُوهِدُوا عَلَيْهِ وَكَانَ سَيِّدَ الْأُمَرَاءِ وَرَأْسَ الشُّحْعَانِ الصَّنَادِيدِ أَبُو سُلَيْمَانَ خَالِدُ بْنُ الْوَلِيدِ . رَوَى الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ مِنْ طَرِيقِ وَحْشِيِّ بْنِ حَرْبٍ، أَنَّ أَبَا بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقِ لَمَّا عَقَدَ لِخَالِدِ بْنِ الْوَلِيدِ عَلَى قِتَالِ أَهْلِ الرِّدَّةِ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ: نِعْمَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ وَأَخُو الْعَشِيرَةِ خَالِدُ بْنُ الْوَلِيدِ ، سَيْفٌ مِنْ سُيُوفِ اللَّهِ ، سَلَّهُ اللَّهُ، عَزَّ وَجَلَّ، عَلَى الْكُفَّارِ وَالْمُنَافِقِينَ. وَلَمَّا تَوَجَّهَ خَالِدٌ مِنْ ذِي الْقَصَّةِ وَفَارَقَهُ الصِّدِّيقُ، وَاعَدَهُ أَنَّهُ سَيَلْقَاهُ مِنْ نَاحِيَةِ خَيْبَرَ بِمَنْ مَعَهُ مِنَ الْأُمَرَاءِ، وَأَظْهَرُوا ذَلِكَ لِيُرْعِبُوا الْأَعْرَابَ، وَأَمَرَهُ أَنْ يَذْهَبَ أَوَّلًا إِلَى طُلَيْحَةَ الْأَسَدِيِّ، ثُمَّ يَذْهَبَ بَعْدَهُ إِلَى بَنِي تَمِيمٍ، وَكَانَ طُلَيْحَةُ بْنُ خُوَيْلِدٍ فِي قَوْمِهِ بَنِي أَسَدٍ، وَفِي غَطَفَانَ، وَانْضَمَّ إِلَيْهِمْ بَنُو عَبْسٍ وَذُبْيَانُ، وَبَعَثَ إِلَى بَنِي جَدِيلَةَ وَالْغَوْثِ وَطَيِّئٍ يَسْتَدْعِيهِمْ إِلَيْهِ، فَبَعَثُوا أَقْوَامًا مِنْهُمْ بَيْنَ أَيْدِيهِمْ، لِيَلْحَقُوا عَلَى أَثَرِهِمْ سَرِيعًا، وَكَانَ عَدِيُّ بْنُ حَاتِمٍ وَالزِّبْرِقَانُ بْنُ بَدْرٍ قَدْ قَدِمَا عَلَى أَبِي بَكْرٍ بِصَدَقَاتِ قَوْمِهِمَا بَعْدَ وَفَاةِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ لِيَتَقَوَّى بِهَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ عَلَى قِتَالِ أَهْلِ الرِّدَّةِ ، وَلَمْ يَزَلْ لِعَدِيِّ وَالزِّبْرِقَانِ بِذَلِكَ الشَّرَفُ عَلَى قَوْمِهِمَا وَمَنْ سِوَاهُمَا، وَكَانَ الصِّدِّيقُ قَدْ بَعَثَ عَدِيَّ بْنَ حَاتِمٍ قَبْلَ خَالِدِ بْنِ الْوَلِيدِ، وَقَالَ لَهُ: أَدْرِكْ قَوْمَكُ لَا يَلْحَقُوا بِطُلَيْحَةَ فَيَكُونَ دَمَارُهُمْ. فَذَهَبَ عَدِيٌّ إِلَى قَوْمِهِ بَنِي طَيِّئٍ فَأَمَرَهُمْ أَنْ يُبَايِعُوا الصِّدِّيقَ، وَأَنْ يُرَاجِعُوا أَمْرَ اللَّهِ، فَقَالُوا: لَا نُبَايِعُ أَبَا الْفَصِيلِ أَبَدًا، يَعْنُونَ أَبَا بَكْرٍ، ؓ، فَقَالَ: وَاللَّهِ لِيَأْتِيَنَّكُمْ جَيْشٌ، فَلَا يَزَالُونَ يُقَاتِلُونَكُمْ حَتَّى تَعْلَمُوا أَنَّهُ أَبُو الْفَحْلِ الْأَكْبَرِ. وَلَمْ يَزَلْ عَدِيٌّ يَفْتِلُ لَهُمْ فِي الذِّرْوَةِ وَالْغَارِبِ حَتَّى لَانُوا، وَجَاءَ خَالِدٌ فِي الْجُنُودِ، وَعَلَى مُقَدِّمَةِ الْأَنْصَارِ الَّذِينَ مَعَهُ ثَابِتُ بْنُ قَيْسِ بْنِ شَمَّاسٍ، وَبَعَثَ بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ ثَابِتَ بْنَ أَقْرَمَ وَعُكَّاشَةَ بْنَ مِحْصَنٍ طَلِيعَةً، فَتَلَقَّاهُمَا طُلَيْحَةُ وَأَخُوهُ سَلَمَةُ فِيمَنْ مَعَهُمَا، فَلَمَّا وَجَدَا ثَابِتًا وَعُكَّاشَةَ تَبَارَزُوا، فَقَتَلَ عُكَّاشَةُ حِبَالَ بْنَ طُلَيْحَةَ - وَقِيلَ: بَلْ كَانَ قَتَلَ حِبَالًا قَبْلَ ذَلِكَ - وَأَخَذَ مَا مَعَهُ، وَحَمَلَ عَلَيْهِ طُلَيْحَةُ فَقَتَلَهُ، وَقَتَلَ هُوَ وَأَخُوهُ سَلَمَةُ ثَابِتَ بْنَ أَقْرَمَ، وَجَاءَ خَالِدٌ بِمَنْ مَعَهُ فَوَجَدُوهُمَا صَرِيعَيْنِ، فَشَقَّ ذَلِكَ عَلَى الْمُسْلِمِينَ، ثُمَّ أَمَرَ بِهِمَا فَدُفِنَا بِدِمَائِهِمَا فِي ثَوْبَيْهِمَا. وَقَدْ قَالَ طُلَيْحَةُ فِي ذَلِكَ: عَشِيَّةَ غَادَرْتُ ابْنَ أَقْرَمَ ثَاوِيًا وَعُكَّاشَةَ الْغَنْمِيَّ تَحْتَ مَجَالِ أَقَمْتُ لَهُ صَدْرَ الْحَمَالَةِ إِنَّهَا مُعَوَّدَةٌ قَبْلَ الْكُمَاةِ نِزَالِ فَيَوْمًا تَرَاهَا فِي الْجُلَالِ مَصُونَةً وَيَوْمًا تَرَاهَا فِي ظِلَالِ عَوَالِي وَإِنْ تَكُ أَذْوَادٌ أُصِبْنَ وَنِسْوَةٌ فَلَمْ يَذْهَبُوا فِرْغًا بِقَتْلِ حِبَالِ وَمَالَ خَالِدٌ إِلَى بَنِي طَيِّئٍ، فَخَرَجَ إِلَيْهِ عَدِيُّ بْنُ حَاتِمٍ فَقَالَ: أَنْظِرْنِي ثَلَاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ ; فَإِنَّهُمْ قَدِ اسْتَنْظَرُونِي حَتَّى يَبْعَثُوا إِلَى مَنْ تَعَجَّلَ مِنْهُمْ إِلَى طُلَيْحَةَ حَتَّى يَرْجِعُوا إِلَيْهِمْ، فَإِنَّهُمْ يَخْشَوْنَ إِنْ تَابَعُوكَ أَنْ يَقْتُلَ طُلَيْحَةُ مَنْ سَارَ إِلَيْهِ مِنْهُمْ، وَهَذَا أَحَبُّ إِلَيْكَ مِنْ أَنْ يُعْجِّلَهُمْ إِلَى النَّارِ. فَلَمَّا كَانَ بَعْدَ ثَلَاثٍ جَاءَهُ عَدِيٌّ فِي خَمْسِمِائَةِ مُقَاتِلٍ مِمَّنْ رَاجَعَ الْحَقَّ، فَانْضَافُوا إِلَى جَيْشِ خَالِدٍ، وَقَصَدَ خَالِدٌ بَنِي جَدِيلَةَ، فَقَالَ لَهُ عَدِيٌّ: أَجِّلْنِي أَيَّامًا حَتَّى آتِيَهُمْ، فَلَعَلَّ اللَّهَ أَنْ يُنْقِذَهُمْ كَمَا أَنْقَذَ طَيِّئًا، فَأَتَاهُمْ عَدِيٌّ فَلَمْ يَزَلْ بِهِمْ حَتَّى بَايَعُوهُ، فَجَاءَ خَالِدًا بِإِسْلَامِهِمْ، وَلَحِقَ بِالْمُسْلِمِينَ مِنْهُمْ أَلْفُ رَاكِبٍ، فَكَانَ عَدِيٌّ خَيْرَ مَوْلُودٍ وَأَعْظَمَهُ بَرَكَةً عَلَى قَوْمِهِ، ؓ. قَالُوا: ثُمَّ سَارَ خَالِدٌ حَتَّى نَزَلَ بِأَجَأٍ وَسَلْمَى، وَعَبَّأَ جَيْشَهُ هُنَالِكَ، وَالْتَقَى مَعَ طُلَيْحَةَ الْأَسَدِيِّ بِمَكَانٍ يُقَالُ لَهُ: بُزَاخَةُ. وَوَقَفَتْ أَحْيَاءٌ كَثِيرَةٌ مِنَ الْأَعْرَابِ يَنْظُرُونَ عَلَى مَنْ تَكُونُ الدَّائِرَةُ، وَجَاءَ طُلَيْحَةُ فِيمَنْ مَعَهُ مِنْ قَوْمِهِ وَمَنِ الْتَفَّ مَعَهُمْ وَانْضَافَ إِلَيْهِمْ، وَقَدْ حَضَرَ مَعَهُ عُيَيْنَةُ بْنُ حِصْنٍ فِي سَبْعِمِائَةٍ مِنْ قَوْمِهِ بَنِي فَزَارَةَ، وَاصْطَفَّ النَّاسُ، وَجَلَسَ طُلَيْحَةُ مُلْتَفًّا فِي كِسَاءٍ لَهُ يَتَنَبَّأُ لَهُمْ، يَنْظُرُ مَا يُوحَى إِلَيْهِ فِيمَا يَزْعُمُ، وَجَعَلَ عُيَيْنَةُ يُقَاتِلُ مَا يُقَاتِلُ، حَتَّى إِذَا ضَجِرَ مِنَ الْقِتَالِ يَجِيءُ إِلَى طُلَيْحَةَ وَهُوَ مُلْتَفٌّ فِي كِسَائِهِ فَيَقُولُ: أَجَاءَكَ جِبْرِيلُ ؟ فَيَقُولُ: لَا. فَيَرْجِعُ فَيُقَاتِلُ، ثُمَّ يَرْجِعُ فَيَقُولُ لَهُ مِثْلَ ذَلِكَ وَيَرُدُّ عَلَيْهِ مِثْلَ ذَلِكَ، فَلَمَّا كَانَ فِي الثَّالِثَةِ قَالَ لَهُ: هَلْ جَاءَكَ جِبْرِيلُ ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ. قَالَ: فَمَا قَالُ لَكَ ؟ قَالَ: قَالَ لِي: إِنَّ لَكَ رَحًا كَرَحَاهُ، وَحَدِيثًا لَا تَنْسَاهُ. قَالَ: يَقُولُ عُيَيْنَةُ: أَظُنُّ أَنْ قَدْ عَلِمَ اللَّهُ سَيَكُونُ لَكَ حَدِيثٌ لَا تَنْسَاهُ. ثُمَّ قَالَ: يَا بَنِي فَزَارَةَ، انْصَرِفُوا. وَانْهَزَمَ، وَانْهَزَمَ النَّاسُ عَنْ طُلَيْحَةَ، فَلَمَّا جَاءَهُ الْمُسْلِمُونَ رَكِبَ عَلَى فَرَسٍ كَانَ قَدْ أَعَدَّهَا لَهُ، وَأَرْكَبَ امْرَأَتَهُ النَّوَارَ عَلَى بَعِيرٍ لَهُ، ثُمَّ انْهَزَمَ بِهَا إِلَى الشَّامِ وَتَفَرَّقَ جَمْعُهُ، وَقَدْ قَتَلَ اللَّهُ طَائِفَةً مِمَّنْ كَانَ مَعَهُ، فَلَمَّا أَوْقَعَ اللَّهُ بِطُلَيْحَةَ وَفَزَارَةَ مَا أَوْقَعَ، قَالَتْ بَنُو عَامِرٍ وَسُلَيْمٍ وَهَوَازِنُ: نَدْخُلُ فِيمَا خَرَجْنَا مِنْهُ، وَنُؤْمِنُ بِاللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ، وَنُسَلِّمُ لِحُكْمِهِ فِي أَمْوَالِنَا وَأَنْفُسِنَا. قُلْتُ: وَقَدْ كَانَ طُلَيْحَةُ الْأَسَدِيُّ ارْتَدَّ فِي حَيَاةِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، فَلَمَّا مَاتَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَامَ بِمُؤَازَرَتِهِ عُيَيْنَةُ بْنُ حِصْنِ بْنِ بَدْرٍ، وَارْتَدَّ عَنِ الْإِسْلَامِ، وَقَالَ لِقَوْمِهِ: وَاللَّهِ لِنَبِيٌّ مِنْ بَنِي أَسَدٍ أَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ مِنْ نَبِيٍّ مِنْ بَنِي هَاشِمٍ، وَقَدْ مَاتَ مُحَمَّدٌ، وَهَذَا طُلَيْحَةُ فَاتِّبِعُوهُ. فَوَافَقَهُ قَوْمُهُ بَنُو فَزَارَةَ عَلَى ذَلِكَ، فَلَمَّا كَسَرَهُمَا خَالِدٌ هَرَبَ طُلَيْحَةُ بِامْرَأَتِهِ إِلَى الشَّامِ، فَنَزَلَ عَلَى بَنِي كَلْبٍ، وَأَسَرَ خَالِدٌ عُيَيْنَةَ بْنَ حِصْنٍ، وَبَعَثَ بِهِ إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ مَجْمُوعَةً يَدَاهُ إِلَى عُنُقِهِ، فَدَخَلَ الْمَدِينَةَ وَهُوَ كَذَلِكَ، فَجَعَلَ الْوِلْدَانُ وَالْغِلْمَانُ يَطْعَنُونَهُ بِأَيْدِيهِمْ، وَيَقُولُونَ: أَيْ عَدُوَّ اللَّهِ، ارْتَدَدْتَ عَنِ الْإِسْلَامِ ؟ فَيَقُولُ: وَاللَّهِ مَا كُنْتُ آمَنْتُ قَطُّ. فَلَمَّا وَقَفَ بَيْنَ يَدَيِ الصِّدِّيقِ اسْتَتَابَهُ وَحَقَنَ دَمَهُ، ثُمَّ حَسُنَ إِسْلَامُهُ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ، وَكَذَلِكَ مَنَّ عَلَى قُرَّةَ بْنِ هُبَيْرَةَ، وَكَانَ أَحَدَ الْأُمَرَاءِ مَعَ طُلَيْحَةَ، فَأَسَرَهُ مَعَ عُيَيْنَةَ، وَأَمَّا طُلَيْحَةُ فَإِنَّهُ رَاجَعَ الْإِسْلَامَ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ أَيْضًا، وَذَهَبَ إِلَى مَكَّةَ مُعْتَمِرًا أَيَّامَ الصِّدِّيقِ وَاسْتَحْيَا أَنْ يُوَاجِهَهُ مُدَّةَ حَيَّاتِهِ وَقَدْ رَجَعَ فَشَهِدَ الْقِتَالَ مَعَ خَالِدٍ، وَكَتَبَ الصِّدِّيقُ إِلَى خَالِدٍ أَنِ اسْتَشِرْهُ فِي الْحَرْبِ وَلَا تُؤَمِّرْهُ، يَعْنِي مُعَامَلَتَهُ لَهُ بِنَقِيضِ مَا كَانَ قَصَدَهُ مِنَ الرِّيَاسَةِ فِي الْبَاطِلِ. وَهَذَا مِنْ فِقْهِ الصِّدِّيقِ، ؓ وَأَرْضَاهُ. وَقَدْ قَالَ خَالِدُ بْنُ الْوَلِيدِ لِبَعْضِ أَصْحَابِ طُلَيْحَةَ مِمَّنْ أَسْلَمَ وَحَسُنَ إِسْلَامُهُ: أَخْبِرْنَا عَمَّا كَانَ يَقُولُ لَكُمْ طُلَيْحَةُ مِنَ الْوَحْيِ. فَقَالَ: إِنَّهُ كَانَ يَقُولُ: وَالْحَمَامِ وَالْيَمَامِ، وَالصُّرَدِ الصَّوَّامِ، قَدْ صُمْنَ قَبْلَكُمْ بِأَعْوَامٍ، لَيَبْلُغَنَّ مُلْكُنَا الْعِرَاقَ وَالشَّامَ. إِلَى غَيْرِ ذَلِكَ مِنَ الْخُرَافَاتِ وَالْهَذَيَانَاتِ السَّمِجَةِ. وَقَدْ كَتَبَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقُ إِلَى خَالِدِ بْنِ الْوَلِيدِ حِينَ جَاءَهُ أَنَّهُ كَسَرَ طُلَيْحَةَ وَمَنْ كَانَ فِي صَفِّهِ، وَقَامَ بِنَصْرِهِ، فَكَتَبَ إِلَيْهِ: لِيَزِدْكَ مَا أَنْعَمَ اللَّهُ بِهِ خَيْرًا، وَاتَّقِ اللَّهَ فِي أَمْرِكَ، فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ مَعَ الَّذِينَ اتَّقَوْا وَالَّذِينَ هُمْ مُحْسِنُونَ، جِدَّ فِي أَمْرِكَ وَلَا تَنِيَنَّ، وَلَا تَظْفَرْ بِأَحَدٍ مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ قَتَلَ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ إِلَّا نَكَّلَتَ بِهِ، وَمَنْ أَخَذْتَ مِمَّنْ حَادَّ اللَّهَ أَوْ ضَادَّهُ مِمَّنْ يَرَى أَنَّ فِي ذَلِكَ صَلَاحًا فَاقْتُلْهُ. فَأَقَامَ خَالِدٌ بِبُزَاخَةَ شَهْرًا، يُصَعِّدُ فِيهَا وَيُصَوِّبُ، وَيَرْجِعُ إِلَيْهَا فِي طَلَبِ الَّذِينَ وَصَّاهُ بِسَبَبِهِمُ الصِّدِّيقُ، فَجَعَلَ يَتَرَدَّدُ فِي طَلَبِ هَؤُلَاءِ شَهْرًا، يَأْخُذُ بِثَأْرِ مَنْ قَتَلُوا مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ الَّذِينَ كَانُوا بَيْنَ أَظْهُرِهِمْ حِينَ ارْتَدُّوا ; فَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ حَرَّقَهُ بِالنَّارِ، وَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ رَضَخَهُ بِالْحِجَارَةِ، وَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ رَمَى بِهِ مِنْ شَوَاهِقَ الْجِبَالِ، كُلُّ هَذَا لِيُشَرِّدَ بِهِمْ مَنْ يَسْمَعُ بَخَبَرِهِمْ مِنْ مُرْتَدَّةِ الْعَرَبِ. ؓ. وَقَالَ الثَّوْرِيُّ، عَنْ قَيْسِ بْنِ مُسْلِمْ، عَنْ، طَارِقِ بْنِ شِهَابٍ قَالَ: لَمَّا قَدِمَ وَفْدُ بُزَاخَةَ ; أَسَدٌ وَغَطَفَانُ عَلَى أَبِي بَكْرٍ يَسْأَلُونَهُ الصُّلْحَ، خَيَّرَهُمْ أَبُو بَكْرٍ بَيِّنَ حَرْبٍ مُجْلِيَةٍ أَوْ حِطَّةٍ مُخْزِيَةٍ. فَقَالُوا: يَا خَلِيفَةَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ، أَمَّا الْحَرْبُ الْمُجْلِيَةُ فَقَدْ عَرَفْنَاهَا، فَمَا الْحِطَّةُ الْمُخْزِيَةُ ؟ قَالَ: تُؤْخَذُ مِنْكُمُ الْحَلْقَةُ وَالْكُرَاعُ، وَتُتْرَكُونَ أَقْوَامًا يَتَّبِعُونَ أَذْنَابَ الْإِبِلِ حَتَّى يُرِيَ اللَّهُ خَلِيفَةَ نَبِيِّهِ وَالْمُؤْمِنَيْنِ أَمْرًا يَعْذِرُونَكُمْ بِهِ، وَتُؤَدُّونَ مَا أَصَبْتُمْ مِنَّا، وَلَا نُؤَدِّي مَا أَصَبْنَا مِنْكُمْ، وَتَشْهَدُونَ أَنَّ قَتْلَانَا فِي الْجَنَّةِ وَقَتْلَاكُمْ فِي النَّارِ، وَتَدُونَ قَتْلَانَا وَلَا نَدِي قَتْلَاكُمْ. فَقَالَ عُمَرُ: أَمَّا قَوْلُكَ: تَدُونَ قَتْلَانَا. فَإِنَّ قَتْلَانَا قُتِلُوا عَلَى أَمْرِ اللَّهِ لَا دِيَاتِ لَهُمْ. فَاتَّبَعَ عُمَرَ. وَقَالَ عُمَرُ فِي الثَّانِي: نِعْمَ مَا رَأَيْتَ. وَرَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ مِنْ حَدِيثِ الثَّوْرِيِّ بِسَنَدِهِ مُخْتَصَرًا.
Translation
✧ Section on the march of the commanders from Dhū al-Qaṣṣah according to what they had pledged And the chief of the commanders and the head of the brave champions was Abū Sulaymān Khālid b. al-Walīd. Imām Aḥmad narrated from the route of Waḥshī b. Ḥarb that Abū Bakr al-Ṣiddīq, when he appointed Khālid b. al-Walīd to fight the people of apostasy, said: I heard the Messenger of God ﷺ say: "Excellent servant of God and brother of the clan is Khālid b. al-Walīd, a sword among the swords of God which God, mighty and majestic, unsheathed against the disbelievers and the hypocrites." When Khālid set out from Dhū al-Qaṣṣah and al-Ṣiddīq parted from him, he promised him that he would meet him from the direction of Khaybar with the commanders who were with him, and they made that known to strike terror into the Bedouins. He commanded him to go first to Ṭulayḥah al-Asadī, then to go after him to Banū Tamīm. Ṭulayḥah b. Khuwaylid was among his people Banū Asad and in Ghaṭafān, and Banū ʿAbs and Dhubyān joined them. He sent to Banū Jadīlah, al-Ghawth, and Ṭayyiʾ summoning them to him, so they sent groups from among them ahead of them to catch up with their traces quickly. ʿAdī b. Ḥātim and al-Zibriqān b. Badr had come to Abū Bakr with the ṣadaqāt of their people after the death of the Prophet ﷺ so that Abū Bakr could strengthen himself with them for fighting the people of apostasy. ʿAdī and al-Zibriqān retained by that the honor over their people and others. Al-Ṣiddīq had sent ʿAdī b. Ḥātim before Khālid b. al-Walīd and said to him: "Catch up with your people lest they join Ṭulayḥah and their destruction come about." So ʿAdī went to his people Banū Ṭayyiʾ and commanded them to pledge allegiance to al-Ṣiddīq and to return to the command of God. They said: "We will never pledge allegiance to Abū al-Faṣīl," meaning Abū Bakr ؓ. He said: "By God, an army will certainly come to you, and they will keep fighting you until you know that he is Abū al-Faḥl al-Akbar." ʿAdī kept working on them at the top and the withers until they softened. Khālid came with the troops, and at the head of the vanguard of the Anṣār who were with him was Thābit b. Qays b. Shammās. He sent ahead of him Thābit b. Aqram and ʿUkkāshah b. Miḥṣan as a scouting party. Ṭulayḥah and his brother Salamah met them with those who were with them. When they encountered Thābit and ʿUkkāshah, they engaged in single combat. ʿUkkāshah killed Ḥibāl b. Ṭulayḥah—and it was said: rather, he had killed Ḥibāl before that—and took what was with him. Then Ṭulayḥah charged at him and killed him, and he and his brother Salamah killed Thābit b. Aqram. Khālid came with those who were with him and found them both slain, and that distressed the Muslims. Then he ordered that they be buried in their blood and their two garments. Ṭulayḥah said about that: In the evening I left Ibn Aqram lying low, and ʿUkkāshah al-Ghanmī beneath a fighting ground; I held for him the front of leadership, that it is accustomed to combat with heroes. One day you see her in the saddle-gear protected, and one day you see her in the shades of long spears. And if small herds of camels were taken and women taken captive, they did not go away unavenged for the killing of Ḥibāl. Khālid turned to Banū Ṭayyiʾ, and ʿAdī b. Ḥātim came out to him and said: "Grant me three days, for they have asked me to wait until they send to those of them who hastened to Ṭulayḥah so that they return to them, for they fear that if they follow you, Ṭulayḥah will kill those of them who went to him. This is dearer to you than that they be hastened to the Fire." After three days ʿAdī came to him with five hundred fighters from among those who had returned to the truth, and they joined the army of Khālid. Khālid headed for Banū Jadīlah, and ʿAdī said to him: "Give me some days until I come to them, perhaps God may save them as He saved Ṭayyiʾ." So ʿAdī went to them and kept at them until they pledged allegiance to him. He brought Khālid their submission, and a thousand riders from among them joined the Muslims. ʿAdī was the best newborn and the greatest in blessing upon his people, ؓ. They said: Then Khālid marched until he halted at Ajaʾ and Salmā, and he drew up his army there. He met Ṭulayḥah al-Asadī at a place called Buzākhah. Many Bedouin tribes stood watching to see upon whom the turn of fortune would fall. Ṭulayḥah came with those who were with him from his people and those who gathered around them and joined them. ʿUyaynah b. Ḥiṣn was present with him with seven hundred of his people Banū Fazārah. The people formed ranks, and Ṭulayḥah sat wrapped in a cloak of his, prophesying to them, looking at what was revealed to him as he claimed. ʿUyaynah kept fighting for a time, until when he grew weary of fighting he would come to Ṭulayḥah while he was wrapped in his cloak and say: "Has Gabriel come to you?" He would say: "No." Then he would return and fight, then come back and ask him the same thing and receive the same answer. On the third time he said to him: "Has Gabriel come to you?" He said: "Yes." He said: "What did he say to you?" He said: "He said to me: You have a mill like his mill, and a saying you will not forget." He said—meaning ʿUyaynah: "I think that God has known that there will be a saying you will not forget." Then he said: "O Banū Fazārah, withdraw." He fled, and the people fled from Ṭulayḥah. When the Muslims came to him, he mounted a horse he had prepared for himself and mounted his wife al-Nawwār on a camel of his, then fled with her toward Syria. His gathering dispersed, and God killed a group of those who were with him. When God inflicted upon Ṭulayḥah and Fazārah what He inflicted, Banū ʿĀmir, Sulaym, and Hawāzin said: "We enter into what we departed from, and we believe in God and His Messenger, and we submit to His judgment concerning our wealth and our lives." I say: Ṭulayḥah al-Asadī had apostatized during the life of the Prophet ﷺ. When the Messenger of God ﷺ died, ʿUyaynah b. Ḥiṣn b. Badr rose to support him and apostatized from Islam, and he said to his people: "By God, a prophet from Banū Asad is dearer to me than a prophet from Banū Hāshim. Muḥammad has died, and this is Ṭulayḥah, so follow him." His people Banū Fazārah agreed with him on that. When Khālid defeated them, Ṭulayḥah fled with his wife to Syria and stayed with Banū Kalb. Khālid captured ʿUyaynah b. Ḥiṣn and sent him to Madinah with his hands bound to his neck. He entered Madinah in that state, and the children and boys began poking him with their hands and saying: "O enemy of God, have you apostatized from Islam?" He would say: "By God, I never believed at all." When he stood before al-Ṣiddīq, he asked him to repent and spared his blood. His Islam became good after that. Likewise, he showed favor to Qurrah b. Hubayrah, who had been one of the commanders with Ṭulayḥah, and he captured him along with ʿUyaynah. As for Ṭulayḥah, he also returned to Islam after that, and he went to Makkah as a pilgrim during the days of al-Ṣiddīq, feeling too ashamed to face him for the rest of his life. He had returned and witnessed the fighting with Khālid. Al-Ṣiddīq wrote to Khālid: "Consult him in war but do not appoint him as commander," meaning to deal with him in the opposite manner to what he had intended of leadership in falsehood. This is from the understanding of al-Ṣiddīq, ؓ, and may He be pleased with him. Khālid b. al-Walīd said to one of the companions of Ṭulayḥah who had submitted and whose Islam had become good: "Tell us what Ṭulayḥah used to say to you of revelation." He said: "He used to say: By the doves and the pigeons, and the fasting shrikes, they fasted before you for years, our kingdom will certainly reach Iraq and Syria." And other such nonsense and ugly ravings. Abū Bakr al-Ṣiddīq wrote to Khālid b. al-Walīd when news reached him that he had defeated Ṭulayḥah and those who were in his ranks and supported him. He wrote to him: "May God increase you in good for what He has bestowed upon you. Fear God in your affair, for God is with those who fear Him and those who do good. Be diligent in your affair and do not slacken. Do not capture any of the polytheists who killed Muslims except that you make an example of him. And whoever you take from those who opposed God or set themselves against Him, if you see in that a means of correction, then kill him." Khālid stayed at Buzākhah for a month, going up and down, returning there in pursuit of those whom al-Ṣiddīq had charged him concerning. He kept going back and forth in pursuit of these people for a month, taking revenge for those of the Muslims whom they had killed while they were among them when they apostatized: some of them he burned with fire, some he crushed with stones, and some he threw from the peaks of mountains, all to disperse by their example those who heard of their news among the apostate Arabs. ؓ. Al-Thawrī said, from Qays b. Muslim, from Ṭāriq b. Shihāb, who said: When the delegation of Buzākhah—Asad and Ghaṭafān—came to Abū Bakr asking him for peace, Abū Bakr gave them the choice between a war of expulsion or a humiliating settlement. They said: "O successor of the Messenger of God, as for the war of expulsion, we know it; what is the humiliating settlement?" He said: "Weapons and horses will be taken from you, and you will be left as people who follow the tails of camels until God shows the successor of His Prophet and the believers a matter by which they may excuse you. You will pay for what you took from us, but we will not pay for what we took from you. You will testify that our slain are in Paradise and your slain are in Hell. You will pay blood money for our slain, but we will not pay blood money for your slain." ʿUmar said: "As for your saying, 'You will pay blood money for our slain,' indeed our slain were killed for the cause of God and there is no blood money for them." So he followed ʿUmar's opinion. And ʿUmar said regarding the second matter: "How well you have decided." Al-Bukhārī narrated it from the ḥadīth of al-Thawrī with his chain in abridged form.
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No grade is recorded for this wording.