Tarikh (al-Tabari) 1806
The caliphate of Abū Bakr al-Ṣiddīq ᴿᴬ
ذِكْرُ رِدَّةِ أَهْلِ مَهْرَةُ ، فَإِنَّهُمْ لَمَّا فَرَغُوا مِنْ عُمَانَ كَمَا ذَكَرْنَا، سَارَ عِكْرِمَةُ بِالنَّاسِ إِلَى بِلَادِ مَهْرَةَ، بِمَنْ مَعَهُ مِنَ الْجُيُوشِ، وَمَنْ أُضِيفَ إِلَيْهَا حَتَّى اقْتَحَمَ عَلَى مَهْرَةَ بِلَادَهَا، فَوَجَدَهُمْ جُنْدَيْنِ ; عَلَى أَحَدِهِمَا - وَهُمُ الْأَكْثَرُ - أَمِيرٌ يُقَالُ لَهُ: الْمُصَبَّحُ. أَحَدُ بَنِي مُحَارِبٍ، وَعَلَى الْجُنْدِ الْآخَرِ أَمِيرٌ يُقَالُ لَهُ: شِخْرِيتُ. وَهُمَا مُخْتَلِفَانِ، وَكَانَ هَذَا الِاخْتِلَافُ رَحْمَةً عَلَى الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، فَرَاسَلَ عِكْرِمَةُ شِخْرِيتَ، فَأَجَابَهُ وَانْضَافَ إِلَى عِكْرِمَةَ، فَقَوِيَ بِذَلِكَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ، وَضَعُفَ جَأْشُ الْمُصَبَّحِ، فَبَعَثَ إِلَيْهِ عِكْرِمَةُ يَدْعُوهُ إِلَى اللَّهِ وَإِلَى السَّمْعِ وَالطَّاعَةِ، فَاغْتَرَّ بِكَثْرَةِ مَنْ مَعَهُ وَمُخَالَفَةً لِشِخْرِيتَ، فَتَمَادَى فِي طُغْيَانِهِ، فَسَارَ إِلَيْهِ عِكْرِمَةُ بِمَنْ مَعَهُ مِنَ الْجُنُودِ، فَاقْتَتَلُوا مَعَ الْمُصَبَّحِ أَشَدَّ مِنْ قِتَالِ دَبَا الْمُتَقَدِّمِ، ثُمَّ فَتَحَ اللَّهُ بِالنَّصْرِ وَالظَّفَرِ، فَفَرَّ الْمُشْرِكُونَ وَقُتِلَ الْمُصَبَّحُ وَقُتِلَ خَلْقٌ كَثِيرٌ مِنْ قَوْمِهِ، وَغَنِمَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ أَمْوَالَهُمْ، فَكَانَ فِي جُمْلَةِ مَا غَنِمُوا أَلْفَا نَجِيبَةٍ، فَخَمَّسَ عِكْرِمَةُ ذَلِكَ كُلَّهُ، وَبَعَثَ بِخُمُسِهِ إِلَى الصِّدِّيقِ مَعَ شِخْرِيتَ، وَأَخْبَرَهُ بِمَا فَتَحَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ، وَالْبِشَارَةِ مَعَ رَجُلٍ يُقَالُ لَهُ: السَّائِبُ، مِنْ بَنِي عَابِدٍ مِنْ مَخْزُومٍ، وَقَدْ قَالَ فِي ذَلِكَ رَجُلٌ يُقَالُ لَهُ عُلْجُومٌ: جَزَى اللَّهُ شِخْرِيتًا وَأَفْنَاءَ هَاشِمٍ وَفِرْضِمَ إِذْ سَارَتْ إِلَيْنَا الْحَلَائِبُ جَزَاءَ مُسِيءٍ لَمْ يُرَاقِبْ لِذِمَّةٍ وَلَمْ يَرْجُهَا فِيمَا يُرَجَّى الْأَقَارِبُ أَعِكْرِمُ لَوْلَا جَمْعُ قَوْمِي وَفِعْلُهُمْ لَضَاقَتْ عَلَيْكُمْ بِالْفَضَاءِ الْمَذَاهِبُ وَكُنَّا كَمَنِ اقْتَادَ كَفًّا بِأُخْتِهَا وَحَلَّتْ عَلَيْنَا فِي الدُّهُورِ النَّوَائِبُ ذِكْرُ خَبَرِ رِدَّةِ الْيَمَنِ لَمَّا تُوُفِّيَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَعَلَى مَكَّةَ وَأَرْضِهَا عَتَّابُ بْنُ أَسِيدٍ، وَعَلَى عَكٍّ وَالْأَشْعَرِيِّينَ الطَّاهِرُ بْنُ أَبِي هَالَةَ، وَعَلَى الطَّائِفِ عُثْمَانُ بْنُ أَبِي الْعَاصِ وَمَالِكُ بْنُ عَوْفٍ النَّضْرِيُّ، وَعُثْمَانُ عَلَى الْمُدُنِ، وَمَالِكٌ عَلَى أَهْلِ الْوَبَرِ، وَبِصَنْعَاءَ فَيْرُوزُ وَدَاذَوَيْهِ يُسَانِدُهُ، وَقَيْسُ بْنُ مَكْشُوحٍ، وَعَلَى الْجُنْدِ يَعْلَى بْنُ أُمَيَّةَ، وَعَلَى مَأْرِبَ أَبُو مُوسَى، وَكَانَ مِنْهُمْ مَعَ الْأَسْوَدِ الْكَذَّابِ مَا ذَكَرْنَاهُ. فَلَمَّا أَهْلَكَ اللَّهُ الْأَسْوَدَ الْعَنْسِيَّ بَقِيَ طَائِفَةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِهِ يَتَرَدَّدُونَ بَيْنَ صَنْعَاءَ وَنَجْرَانَ، لَا يَأْوُونَ إِلَى أَحَدٍ. وَمَاتَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ عَلَى أَثَرِ ذَلِكَ فَارْتَدَّ النَّاسُ، فَكَتَبَ عَتَّابُ بْنُ أَسِيدٍ إِلَى أَبِي بَكْرٍ يُعَرِّفُهُ خَبَرَ مَنِ ارْتَدَّ فِي عَمَلِهِ، وَبَعَثَ عَتَّابٌ أَخَاهُ خَالِدًا إِلَى أَهْلِ تِهَامَةَ، وَبِهَا جَمَاعَةٌ مِنْ مُدْلِجٍ وَخُزَاعَةَ وَأَبْنَاءِ كِنَانَةَ. وَأَمَّا كِنَانَةُ عَلَيْهِمْ جُنْدُبُ بْنُ سَلْمَى، فَالْتَقَوْا بِالْأَبَارِقِ، فَقَتَلَهُمْ خَالِدٌ وَفَرَّقَهُمْ، وَأَفْلَتَ جُنْدُبُ بْنُ سَلْمَى وَعَادَ، وَبَعَثَ عُثْمَانُ بْنُ أَبِي الْعَاصِ بَعْثًا إِلَى شَنُوءَةَ وَبِهَا جَمَاعَةٌ مِنَ الْأَزْدِ، وَبَجِيلَةُ، وَخَثْعَمُ، وَعَلَيْهِمْ حُمَيْضَةُ بْنُ النُّعْمَانِ، وَاسْتَعْمَلَ عُثْمَانُ عَلَى السَّرِيَّةِ عُثْمَانَ بْنَ أَبِي رَبِيعَةَ، فَالْتَقَوْا بِشَنُوءَةَ، فَانْهَزَمَ الْكُفَّارُ وَتَفَرَّقُوا، وَهَرَبَ حُمَيْضَةُ فِي الْبِلَادِ. وَأَمَّا الْأَخَابِثُ مِنَ الْعَكِّ فَكَانُوا أَوَّلَ مُنْتَقِضٍ بِتِهَامَةَ بَعْدَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ ثُمَّ تَجَمَّعَ عَكٌّ وَالْأَشْعَرِيُّونَ، وَأَقَامُوا عَلَى الْأَعْلَابِ، فَسَارَ إِلَيْهِمُ الطَّاهِرُ بْنُ أَبِي هَالَةَ وَمَعَهُ مَسْرُوقٌ وَقَوْمُهُ مِنْ عَكٍّ مِمَّنْ لَمْ يَرْتَدَّ، فَالْتَقَوْا عَلَى الْأَعْلَابِ، فَانْهَزَمَتْ عَكٌّ وَمَنْ مَعَهُمْ، وَقُتِلُوا قَتْلًا ذَرِيعًا، وَكَانَ ذَلِكَ فَتْحًا عَظِيمًا. وَوَرَدَ كِتَابُ أَبِي بَكْرٍ عَلَى الطَّاهِرِ يَأْمُرُهُ بِقِتَالِهِمْ، وَسَمَّاهُمُ الْأَخَابِثَ، وَسَمَّى طَرِيقَهُمْ طَرِيقَ الْأَخَابِثِ، فَبَقِيَ الِاسْمُ عَلَيْهِمْ إِلَى الْآنَ. وَأَمَّا أَهْلُ نَجْرَانَ فَلَمَّا بَلَغَهُمْ مَوْتُ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَرْسَلُوا وَفْدًا لِيُجَدِّدُوا عَهْدَهُمْ مَعَ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، فَكَتَبَ بِذَلِكَ كِتَابًا. وَأَمَّا بَجِيلَةُ فَإِنَّ أَبَا بَكْرٍ رَدَّ جَرِيرَ بْنَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَمَرَهُ أَنْ يَسْتَنْفِرَ مِنْ قَوْمِهِ مَنْ ثَبَتَ عَلَى الْإِسْلَامِ، وَيُقَاتِلَ بِهِمْ مَنِ ارْتَدَّ عَنِ الْإِسْلَامِ، وَأَنْ يَأْتِيَ خَثْعَمَ فَيُقَاتِلَ مَنْ خَرَجَ غَضَبًا لِذِي الْخَلَصَةِ، فَخَرَجَ جَرِيرٌ وَفَعَلَ مَا أَمَرَهُ، فَلَمْ يَقُمْ لَهُ أَحَدٌ إِلَّا نَفَرٌ يَسِيرٌ، فَقَتَلَهُمْ وَتَتَبَّعَهُمْ. ( حُمَيْضَةُ بِالْحَاءِ الْمُهْمَلَةِ الْمَضْمُومَةِ، وَالضَّادِ الْمُعْجَمَةِ ). ذِكْرُ خَبَرِ رِدَّةِ الْيَمَنِ ثَانِيَةً وَكَانَ مِمَّنِ ارْتَدَّ ثَانِيَةً قَيْسُ بْنُ عَبْدِ يَغُوثَ بْنِ مَكْشُوحٍ، وَذَلِكَ أَنَّهُ لَمَّا بَلَغَهُ مَوْتُ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ عَمِلَ فِي قَتْلِ فَيْرُوزَ وَجِشْنَسَ، وَكَتَبَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ إِلَى عُمَرَ ذِي مُرَّانَ، وَإِلَى سَعِيدٍ ذِي زُودٍ، وَإِلَى الْكَلَاعِ، وَإِلَى حَوْشَبٍ ذِي ظُلَيْمٍ، وَإِلَى شَهْرٍ ذِي نِيَافٍ يَأْمُرُهُمْ بِالتَّمَسُّكِ بِدِينِهِمْ وَالْقِيَامِ بِأَمْرِ اللَّهِ، وَيَأْمُرُهُمْ بِإِعَانَةِ الْأَبْنَاءِ عَلَى مَنْ نَاوَأَهُمْ، وَالسَّمْعِ لِفَيْرُوزَ، وَكَانَ فَيْرُوزُ وَدَاذَوَيْهِ وَقَيْسٌ قَبْلَ ذَلِكَ مُتَسَانِدِينَ. فَلَمَّا سَمِعَ قَيْسٌ بِذَلِكَ كَتَبَ إِلَى ذِي الْكُلَاعِ وَأَصْحَابِهِ يَدْعُوهُمْ إِلَى قَتْلِ الْأَبْنَاءِ وَإِخْرَاجِ أَهْلِهِمْ مِنَ الْيَمَنِ، فَلَمْ يُجِيبُوهُ وَلَمْ يَنْصُرُوا الْأَبْنَاءَ. فَاسْتَعَدَّ لَهُمْ قَيْسٌ، وَكَاتَبَ أَصْحَابَ الْأَسْوَدِ الْمُتَرَدِّدِينَ فِي الْبِلَادِ سِرًّا، يَدْعُوهُمْ لِيَجْتَمِعُوا مَعَهُ، فَجَاءُوا إِلَيْهِ، فَسَمِعَ بِهِمْ أَهْلُ صَنْعَاءَ، فَقَصَدَ قَيْسٌ فَيْرُوزَ وَدَاذَوَيْهِ، فَاسْتَشَارَهُمَا فِي أَمْرِهِ خَدِيعَةً مِنْهُ لِيُلَبِّسَ عَلَيْهِمَا، فَاطْمَأَنَّا إِلَيْهِ، ثُمَّ إِنَّ قِيْسًا صَنَعَ مِنَ الْغَدِ طَعَامًا وَدَعَا دَاذَوَيْهِ وَفَيْرُوزَ وَجِشْنَسَ، فَخَرَجَ دَاذَوَيْهِ فَدَخَلَ عَلَيْهِ فَقَتَلَهُ، وَجَاءَ إِلَيْهِ فَيْرُوزُ، فَلَمَّا دَنَا مِنْهُ سَمِعَ امْرَأَتَيْنِ تَتَحَدَّثَانِ، فَقَالَتْ إِحْدَاهُمَا: هَذَا مَقْتُولٌ كَمَا قُتِلَ دَاذَوَيْهِ، فَخَرَجَ. فَطَلَبَهُ أَصْحَابُ قَيْسٍ، فَخَرَجَ يَرْكُضُ، وَلَقِيَهُ جِشْنَسُ فَرَجَعَ مَعَهُ، فَتَوَجَّهَا نَحْوَ جَبَلِ خَوْلَانَ، وَهُمْ أَخْوَالُ فَيْرُوزَ، فَصَعِدَا الْجَبَلَ، وَرَجَعَتْ خُيُولُ قَيْسٍ فَأَخْبَرُوهُ، فَثَارَ بِصَنْعَاءَ وَمَا حَوْلَهَا، وَأَتَتْهُ خُيُولُ الْأَسْوَدِ. وَاجْتَمَعَ إِلَى فَيْرُوزَ جَمَاعَةٌ مِنَ النَّاسِ، وَكَتَبَ إِلَى أَبِي بَكْرٍ يُخْبِرُهُ، وَاجْتَمَعَ إِلَى قَيْسٍ عَوَامُّ قَبَائِلِ مَنْ كَتَبَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ إِلَى رُؤَسَائِهِمْ، وَاعْتَزَلَ الرُّؤَسَاءُ، وَعَمَدَ قَيْسٌ إِلَى الْأَنْبَاءِ فَفَرَّقَهُمْ ثَلَاثَ فِرَقٍ: مَنْ أَقَامَ أَقَرَّ عِيَالَهُ، وَالَّذِينَ سَارُوا مَعَ فَيْرُوزَ فَرَّقَ عِيَالَهُمْ فِرْقَتَيْنِ، فَوَجَّهَ إِحْدَاهَا إِلَى عَدَنَ لِيَحْمِلُوا فِي الْبَحْرِ، وَحَمَلَ الْأُخْرَى فِي الْبَرِّ، وَقَالَ لَهُمْ جَمِيعِهِمْ: الْحَقُوا بِأَرْضِكُمْ. فَلَمَّا عَلِمَ فَيْرُوزُ ذَلِكَ جَدَّ فِي حَرْبِهِ وَتَجَرَّدَ لَهَا، وَأَرْسَلَ إِلَى بَنِي عُقَيْلِ بْنِ رَبِيعَةَ بْنِ عَامِرٍ يَسْتَمِدُّهُمْ، وَإِلَى عَكٍّ يَسْتَمِدُّهُمْ، فَرَكِبَتْ عُقَيْلٌ، فَلَقُوا خَيْلَ قَيْسِ بْنِ عَامِرٍ وَمَعَهُمْ عِيَالَاتُ الْأَبْنَاءِ الَّذِينَ كَانَ قَدْ سَيَّرَهُمْ قَيْسٌ، فَاسْتَنْقَذُوهُمْ وَقَتَلُوا خَيْلَ قَيْسٍ. وَسَارَتْ عَكٌّ فَاسْتَنْقَذُوا طَائِفَةً أُخْرَى مِنْ عِيَالَاتِ الْأَبْنَاءِ، وَقَتَلُوا مَنْ مَعَهُمْ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ قَيْسٍ، وَأَمَدَّتْ عُقَيْلٌ وَعَكٌّ فَيْرُوزَ بِالرِّجَالِ. فَلَمَّا أَتَتْهُ أَمْدَادُهُمْ خَرَجَ بِهِمْ وَبِمَنِ اجْتَمَعَ عِنْدَهُ، فَلَقُوا قَيْسًا دُونَ صَنْعَاءَ، فَاقْتَتَلُوا قِتَالًا شَدِيدًا، وَانْهَزَمَ قَيْسٌ وَأَصْحَابُهُ، وَتَذَبْذَبَ أَصْحَابُ الْعَنْسِيِّ وَقَيْسٌ مَعَهُمْ فِيمَا بَيْنَ صَنْعَاءَ وَنَجْرَانَ. قِيلَ: وَكَانَ فَرْوَةُ بْنُ مُسَيْكٍ قَدِمَ عَلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مُسْلِمًا، فَاسْتَعْمَلَهُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ عَلَى صَدَقَاتِ مُرَادٍ، وَمَنْ نَازَلَهُمْ وَنَزَلَ دَارَهُمْ. وَكَانَ عَمْرُو بْنُ مَعْدِي كَرِبَ الزُّبَيْدِيُّ قَدْ فَارَقَ قَوْمَهُ سَعْدَ الْعَشِيرَةِ، وَانْحَازَ إِلَيْهِمْ وَأَسْلَمَ مَعَهُمْ، فَلَمَّا ارْتَدَّ الْعَنْسِيُّ وَمَعَهُ مَذْحِجٌ ارْتَدَّ عَمْرٌو فِيمَنِ ارْتَدَّ، وَكَانَ عَمْرٌو مَعَ خَالِدِ بْنِ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْعَاصِ، فَلَمَّا ارْتَدَّ سَارَ إِلَيْهِ خَالِدٌ فَلَقِيَهُ، فَضَرَبَهُ خَالِدٌ عَلَى عَاتِقِهِ فَهَرَبَ مِنْهُ، وَأَخَذَ خَالِدٌ سَيْفَهُ الصَّمْصَامَةَ وَفَرَسَهُ، فَلَمَّا ارْتَدَّ عَمْرٌو جَعَلَهُ الْعَنْسِيُّ بِإِزَاءِ فَرْوَةَ، فَامْتَنَعَ كُلُّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا مِنَ الْبَرَاحِ لِمَكَانِ صَاحِبِهِ. فَبَيْنَمَا هُمْ كَذَلِكَ قَدِمَ عِكْرِمَةُ بْنُ أَبِي جَهْلٍ أَبْيَنَ مِنْ مَهْرَةَ، وَقَدْ تَقَدَّمَ ذِكْرُ قِتَالِ مَهْرَةَ، وَمَعَهُ بَشَرٌ كَثِيرٌ مِنْ مَهْرَةَ وَغَيْرِهِمْ، فَاسْتَبْرَى النَّخْعَ وَحِمْيَرَ، وَقَدِمَ أَيْضًا الْمُهَاجِرُ بْنُ أَبِي أُمَيَّةَ فِي جَمْعٍ مِنْ مَكَّةَ وَالطَّائِفِ وَبَجِيلَةَ مَعَ جَرِيرٍ إِلَى نَجْرَانَ، فَانْضَمَّ إِلَيْهِ فَرْوَةُ بْنُ مُسَيْكٍ الْمُرَادِيُّ، فَأَقْبَلَ عَمْرُو بْنُ مَعْدِي كَرِبَ مُسْتَجِيبًا، حَتَّى دَخَلَ عَلَى الْمُهَاجِرِ مِنْ غَيْرِ أَمَانٍ، فَأَوْثَقَهُ الْمُهَاجِرُ، وَأَخَذَ قَيْسًا أَيْضًا فَأَوْثَقَهُ، وَسَيَّرَهُمَا إِلَى أَبِي بَكْرٍ، فَقَالَ: يَا قَيْسُ، قَتَلْتَ عِبَادَ اللَّهِ، وَاتَّخَذْتَ الْمُرْتَدِّينَ وَلِيَجِةً مِنْ دُونِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ! فَانْتَفَى قَيْسٌ مِنْ أَنْ يَكُونَ قَارَفَ مِنْ أَمْرِ دَاذَوَيْهِ شَيْئًا، وَكَانَ قَتَلَهُ سِرًّا، فَتَجَافَى لَهُ عَنْ دَمِهِ، وَقَالَ لِعَمْرٍو: أَمَا تَسْتَحِي أَنَّكَ كُلَّ يَوْمٍ مَهْزُومٌ أَوْ مَأْسُورٌ ؟ لَوْ نَصَرْتَ هَذَا الدِّينَ لَرَفَعَكَ اللَّهُ، فَقَالَ: لَا جَرَمَ، لَأُقْبِلَّنَ وَلَا أَعُودُ. وَرَجَعَا إِلَى عَشَائِرِهِمَا. فَسَارَ الْمُهَاجِرُ مِنْ نَجْرَانَ وَالْتَقَتِ الْخُيُولُ عَلَى أَصْحَابِ الْعَنْسِيِّ، فَاسْتَأْمَنُوا فَلَمْ يُؤَمِّنْهُمْ، وَقَتَلَهُمْ بِكُلِّ سَبِيلٍ، ثُمَّ سَارَ إِلَى صَنْعَاءَ فَدَخَلَهَا، وَكَتَبَ إِلَى أَبِي بَكْرٍ بِذَلِكَ.
Translation
✧ Mention of the apostasy of the people of Mahrah. When they had finished with Oman as we have mentioned, ʿIkrimah marched with the people to the land of Mahrah, with the armies that were with him and those that had been added to them, until he burst upon Mahrah in their land. He found them as two armies: over one of them—and they were the majority—was a commander called al-Muṣabbaḥ, one of the Banū Muḥārib, and over the other army was a commander called Shikh rīt. They were at variance with each other, and this variance was a mercy to the believers. ʿIkrimah corresponded with Shikh rīt, and he answered him and joined ʿIkrimah, so the Muslims were strengthened by that and al-Muṣabbaḥ's courage weakened. ʿIkrimah sent to him calling him to God and to hearing and obedience, but he was deluded by the multitude of those with him and by opposition to Shikh rīt, so he persisted in his tyranny. ʿIkrimah marched against him with the troops that were with him, and they fought al-Muṣabbaḥ more fiercely than the preceding battle of Dabā. Then God granted victory and success: the polytheists fled, al-Muṣabbaḥ was killed, and a great many of his people were killed. The Muslims seized their property as booty, and among what they seized were two thousand noble camels. ʿIkrimah set aside a fifth of all that and sent its fifth to al-Ṣiddīq with Shikh rīt, informing him of what God had granted him, and the good tidings with a man called al-Sāʾib, of the Banū ʿĀbid of Makhzūm. A man called ʿUljūm said about that: May God requite Shikh rīt and the clans of Hāshim and Firḍim when the herds came to us— the requital of an evildoer who observed no covenant and hoped not for it in what relatives are hoped for. O ʿIkrimah, were it not for the gathering of my people and their deed, the ways in the open land would have been too narrow for you. And we were like one who led a hand with its sister, and misfortunes befell us through the ages. Mention of the news of the apostasy of Yemen. When the Messenger of God ﷺ died, ʿAttāb b. Asīd was over Makkah and its land, al-Ṭāhir b. Abī Hālah over ʿAkk and the Ashʿarites, ʿUthmān b. Abī al-ʿĀṣ and Mālik b. ʿAwf al-Naḍrī over al-Ṭāʾif—ʿUthmān over the towns and Mālik over the people of the desert—Fayrūz over Ṣanʿāʾ, with Dādhawayh supporting him, and Qays b. Makshūḥ, Yaʿlā b. Umayyah over al-Jund, and Abū Mūsā over Maʾrib. With them regarding al-Aswad the Liar was what we have mentioned. When God destroyed al-Aswad al-ʿAnsī, a group of his companions remained wandering between Ṣanʿāʾ and Najrān, taking refuge with no one. The Prophet ﷺ died in the aftermath of that, and the people apostatized. ʿAttāb b. Asīd wrote to Abū Bakr informing him of the news of those who had apostatized in his jurisdiction, and ʿAttāb sent his brother Khālid to the people of Tihāmah, where there was a group of Mudlij, Khuzāʿah, and the sons of Kinānah. As for Kinānah, Jundub b. Salmā was over them. They met at al-Abāriq, and Khālid killed them and dispersed them. Jundub b. Salmā escaped and returned. ʿUthmān b. Abī al-ʿĀṣ sent an expedition against Shanūʾah, where there was a group of the Azd, Bajīlah, and Khathʿam, over whom was Ḥumayḍah b. al-Nuʿmān. ʿUthmān appointed ʿUthmān b. Abī Rabīʿah over the raiding party, and they met at Shanūʾah. The disbelievers were defeated and scattered, and Ḥumayḍah fled through the land. As for the wicked ones of ʿAkk, they were the first to break away in Tihāmah after the Prophet ﷺ. Then ʿAkk and the Ashʿarites gathered and encamped at al-Aʿlāb. Al-Ṭāhir b. Abī Hālah marched against them, and with him was Masrūq and his people from ʿAkk who had not apostatized. They met at al-Aʿlāb, and ʿAkk and those with them were defeated and killed in great numbers. That was a great victory. The letter of Abū Bakr reached al-Ṭāhir commanding him to fight them, and he called them the wicked ones and called their route the route of the wicked ones. The name has remained upon them to this day. As for the people of Najrān, when news of the Prophet's death ﷺ reached them, they sent a delegation to renew their pact with Abū Bakr, and he wrote a document to that effect. As for Bajīlah, Abū Bakr sent back Jarīr b. ʿAbd Allāh and commanded him to muster from his people those who remained firm in Islam, and to fight with them those who had apostatized from Islam, and to come to Khathʿam and fight those who had come out in anger for Dhū al-Khalaṣah. Jarīr went out and did what he was commanded, and no one stood against him except a small band, and he killed them and pursued them. (Ḥumayḍah with ḍammah on the unpointed ḥāʾ and the pointed ḍād.) Mention of the news of the apostasy of Yemen a second time. Among those who apostatized a second time was Qays b. ʿAbd Yaghūth b. Makshūḥ. When news of the Prophet's death ﷺ reached him, he plotted to kill Fayrūz and Jishnas. Abū Bakr wrote to ʿUmar Dhū Murrān, to Saʿīd Dhū Zūd, to al-Kalāʿ, to Ḥawshab Dhū Ẓulaym, and to Shahr Dhū Niyāf, commanding them to hold fast to their religion and uphold the command of God, and commanding them to aid the abnāʾ against those who opposed them, and to obey Fayrūz. Fayrūz, Dādhawayh, and Qays had previously been supporting one another. When Qays heard of that, he wrote to Dhū al-Kalāʿ and his companions calling them to kill the abnāʾ and expel their families from Yemen, but they did not answer him and did not help the abnāʾ. Qays prepared against them and secretly corresponded with the companions of al-Aswad who were wandering through the land, calling them to gather with him, and they came to him. The people of Ṣanʿāʾ heard of them. Qays approached Fayrūz and Dādhawayh and consulted them about his affair as a deception to confuse them, and they trusted him. Then the next day Qays prepared food and invited Dādhawayh, Fayrūz, and Jishnas. Dādhawayh went out and entered upon him, and he killed him. Fayrūz came to him, and when he drew near he heard two women conversing; one of them said, 'This one will be killed as Dādhawayh was killed,' so he left. Qays's companions sought him, and he went out galloping. Jishnas met him and returned with him, and they headed toward the mountain of Khawlān, who were Fayrūz's maternal uncles. They climbed the mountain, and Qays's horses returned and informed him. He rose up in Ṣanʿāʾ and its surroundings, and the horses of al-Aswad came to him. A group of people gathered to Fayrūz, and he wrote to Abū Bakr informing him. The common people of the tribes whose leaders Abū Bakr had written to gathered to Qays, while the leaders withdrew. Qays turned to the abnāʾ and divided them into three groups: those who stayed he settled their families; those who had marched with Fayrūz he divided their families into two groups, sending one of them to Aden to be carried by sea and carrying the other by land, saying to them all, 'Join your land.' When Fayrūz learned of that, he exerted himself in his war and devoted himself to it. He sent to the Banū ʿUqayl b. Rabīʿah b. ʿĀmir seeking reinforcement, and to ʿAkk seeking reinforcement. ʿUqayl mounted, and they met the horses of Qays b. ʿĀmir, and with them were the families of the abnāʾ whom Qays had sent away. They rescued them and killed Qays's horses. ʿAkk marched and rescued another group of the families of the abnāʾ and killed those with them of Qays's companions. ʿUqayl and ʿAkk reinforced Fayrūz with men. When their reinforcements came to him, he went out with them and with those who had gathered to him, and they met Qays before Ṣanʿāʾ. They fought a fierce battle, and Qays and his companions were defeated. The companions of al-ʿAnsī wavered, and Qays was with them between Ṣanʿāʾ and Najrān. It is said: Farwah b. Musayk had come to the Prophet ﷺ as a Muslim, and the Prophet ﷺ appointed him over the ṣadaqāt of Murād and those who encamped with them and settled in their abode. ʿAmr b. Maʿdī Karib al-Zubaydī had left his people, Saʿd al-ʿAshīrah, and joined them and became Muslim with them. When al-ʿAnsī apostatized, and with him Madhḥij, ʿAmr apostatized among those who apostatized. ʿAmr was with Khālid b. Saʿīd b. al-ʿĀṣ, and when he apostatized Khālid marched against him and met him. Khālid struck him on his shoulder, and he fled from him. Khālid took his sword al-Ṣamṣāmah and his horse. When ʿAmr apostatized, al-ʿAnsī placed him opposite Farwah, and each of them refrained from leaving his position because of the other. While they were thus, ʿIkrimah b. Abī Jahl arrived at Abyan from Mahrah—the battle of Mahrah has been mentioned previously—and with him were many men from Mahrah and others. He examined al-Nakhaʿ and Ḥimyar. Al-Muhājir b. Abī Umayyah also arrived at Najrān with a force from Makkah, al-Ṭāʾif, and Bajīlah with Jarīr. Farwah b. Musayk al-Murādī joined him. ʿAmr b. Maʿdī Karib came forward responding to the call until he entered upon al-Muhājir without a guarantee of safety. Al-Muhājir bound him, and he also seized Qays and bound him, and sent them both to Abū Bakr. He said, 'O Qays, you killed the servants of God and took the apostates as confidants apart from the believers!' Qays denied having had any part in the affair of Dādhawayh—he had killed him secretly—so he was spared his blood. He said to ʿAmr, 'Are you not ashamed that every day you are defeated or taken captive? Had you supported this religion, God would have raised you.' He said, 'No doubt I will turn back and not return.' They returned to their clans. Al-Muhājir marched from Najrān, and the horsemen met the companions of al-ʿAnsī. They sought a guarantee of safety, but he did not grant it to them and killed them by every means. Then he marched to Ṣanʿāʾ and entered it, and wrote to Abū Bakr about that.
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