Tarikh (al-Tabari) 1804
The caliphate of Abū Bakr al-Ṣiddīq ᴿᴬ
ذِكْرُ بَنِي تَمِيمٍ وَسَجَاحَ وَأَمَّا بَنُو تَمِيمٍ، فَإِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَرَّقَ فِيهِمْ عُمَّالَهُ، فَكَانَ الزِّبْرِقَانُ مِنْهُمْ، وَسَهْلُ بْنُ مِنْجَابٍ، وَقَيْسُ بْنُ عَاصِمٍ، وَصَفْوَانُ بْنُ صَفْوَانَ، وَسَبْرَةُ بْنُ عَمْرٍو، وَوَكِيعُ بْنُ مَالِكٍ، وَمَالِكُ بْنُ نُوَيْرَةَ. فَلَمَّا وَقَعَ الْخَبَرُ بِمَوْتِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ سَارَ صَفْوَانُ بْنُ صَفْوَانَ إِلَى أَبِي بَكْرٍ بِصَدَقَاتِ بَنِي عَمْرٍو ، وَأَقَامَ قَيْسُ بْنُ عَاصِمٍ يَنْظُرُ مَا الزِّبْرِقَانُ صَانِعٌ لِيُخَالِفَهُ، فَقَالَ حِينَ أَبْطَأَ عَلَيْهِ الزِّبْرِقَانُ فِي عَمَلِهِ: وَاوَيْلَتَاهُ مِنِ ابْنِ الْعُكْلِيَّةِ ! وَاللَّهِ مَا أَدْرِي مَا أَصْنَعُ، لَئِنْ أَنَا بَعَثْتُ بِالصَّدَقَةِ إِلَى أَبِي بَكْرٍ وَبَايَعْتُهُ، لَيَنْحَرَنَّ مَا مَعَهُ فِي بَنِي سَعْدٍ، فَيُسَوِّدُنِي عِنْدَهُ، فَقَسَّمَهَا عَلَى الْمَقَاعِسِ وَالْبُطُونِ، وَوَافَى الزِّبْرِقَانُ فَاتَّبَعَ صَفْوَانَ بْنَ صَفْوَانَ بِصَدَقَاتِ عَوْفٍ وَالْأَبْنَاءِ، وَهَذِهِ بُطُونٌ مِنْ تَمِيمٍ. ثُمَّ نَدِمَ قَيْسٌ، فَلَمَّا أَظَلَّهُ الْعَلَاءُ بْنُ الْحَضْرَمِيِّ أَخْرَجَ الصَّدَقَةَ فَتَلَقَّاهُ بِهَا، ثُمَّ خَرَجَ مَعَهُ وَتَشَاغَلَتْ تَمِيمٌ بَعْضُهَا بِبَعْضٍ. وَكَانَ ثُمَامَةُ بْنُ أُثَالٍ الْحَنَفِيُّ تَأْتِيهِ أَمْدَادُ تَمِيمٍ، فَلَمَّا حَدَثَ هَذَا الْحَدَثُ أَضَرَّ ذَلِكَ بِثُمَامَةَ، وَكَانَ مُقَاتِلًا لِمُسَيْلِمَةَ الْكَذَّابِ، حَتَّى قَدِمَ عَلَيْهِ عِكْرِمَةُ بْنُ أَبِي جَهْلٍ. وَكَانَتْ بَنُو تَمِيمٍ قَدِ اخْتَلَفَتْ آرَاؤُهُمْ أَيَّامَ الرِّدَّةِ ; فَمِنْهُمْ مَنِ ارْتَدَّ وَمَنَعَ الزَّكَاةَ، وَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ بَعَثَ بِأَمْوَالِ الصَّدَقَاتِ إِلَى الصِّدِّيقِ، وَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ تَوَقَّفَ لِيَنْظُرَ فِي أَمْرِهِ، فَبَيْنَمَا هُمْ كَذَلِكَ إِذْ أَقْبَلَتْ سَجَاحِ بِنْتُ الْحَارِثِ بْنِ سُوَيْدِ بْنِ عُقْفَانَ التَّغْلِبِيَّةُ مِنَ الْجَزِيرَةِ، وَهِيَ مِنْ نَصَارَى الْعَرَبِ، وَقَدِ ادَّعَتِ النُّبُوَّةَ، وَمَعَهَا جُنُودٌ مِنْ قَوْمِهَا وَمَنِ الْتَفَّ بِهِمْ، وَقَدْ عَزَمُوا عَلَى غَزْوِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقِ، فَلَمَّا مَرَّتْ بِبِلَادِ بَنِي تَمِيمٍ دَعَتْهُمْ إِلَى أَمْرِهَا فَاسْتَجَابَ لَهَا عَامَّتُهُمْ، وَكَانَ مِمَّنِ اسْتَجَابَ لَهَا مَالِكُ بْنُ نُوَيْرَةَ التَّمِيمِيُّ، وَعُطَارِدُ بْنُ حَاجِبٍ، وَجَمَاعَةٌ مِنْ سَادَاتِ أُمَرَاءِ بَنِي تَمِيمٍ، وَتَخَلَّفَ آخَرُونَ مِنْهُمْ عَنْهَا، ثُمَّ اصْطَلَحُوا عَلَى أَنْ لَا حَرْبَ بَيْنَهُمْ إِلَّا أَنَّ مَالِكَ بْنَ نُوَيْرَةَ لَمَّا وَادَعَهَا ثَنَاهَا عَنْ غَزْوِهَا، وَحَرَّضَهَا عَلَى بَنِي يَرْبُوعٍ، ثُمَّ اتَّفَقَ الْجَمِيعُ عَلَى قِتَالِ النَّاسِ، وَقَالُوا: بِمَنْ نَبْدَأُ ؟ فَقَالَتْ لَهُمْ فِيمَا تَسْجَعُهُ: أَعِدُّوا الرِّكَابَ، وَاسْتَعِدُّوا لِلنِّهَابِ، ثُمَّ أَغِيرُوا عَلَى الرَّبَابِ، فَلَيْسَ دُونَهُمْ حِجَابٌ. ثُمَّ إِنَّهُمْ تَعَاهَدُوا عَلَى نَصْرِهَا، فَقَالَ قَائِلٌ مِنْهُمْ: أَتَتْنَا أُخْتُ تَغْلِبَ فِي رِجَالٍ جَلَائِبَ مِنْ سَرَاةِ بَنِي أَبِينَا وَأَرْسَتْ دَعْوَةً فِينَا سَفَاهًا وَكَانَتْ مِنْ عَمَائِرَ آخَرِينَا فَمَا كُنَّا لِنَرْزِيَهُمْ زِبَالًا وَمَا كَانَتْ لِتُسْلِمَ إِذْ أُتِينَا أَلَا سَفِهَتْ حُلُومُكُمُ وَضَلَّتْ عَشِيَّةَ تَحْشِدُونَ لَهَا ثُبِينَا وَقَالَ عُطَارِدُ بْنُ حَاجِبٍ فِي ذَلِكَ: أَمْسَتْ نَبِيَّتُنَا أُنْثَى نُطِيفُ بِهَا وَأَصْبَحَتْ أَنْبِيَاءُ النَّاسِ ذُكْرَانَا ثُمَّ إِنَّ سَجَاحِ قَصَدَتْ بِجُنُودِهَا الْيَمَامَةَ ; لِتَأْخُذَهَا مِنْ مُسَيْلِمَةَ بْنَ حَبِيبٍ الْكَذَّابِ، فَهَابَهُ قَوْمُهَا، وَقَالُوا: إِنَّهُ قَدِ اسْتَفْحَلَ أَمْرُهُ وَعَظُمَ. فَقَالَتْ لَهُمْ فِيمَا تَقُولُهُ: عَلَيْكُمْ بَالْيَمَامَهْ، دُفُوا دَفِيفَ الْحَمَامَهْ، فَإِنَّهَا غَزْوَةٌ صَرَّامَهْ، لَا تَلْحَقُكُمْ بَعْدَهَا مَلَامَهْ. قَالَ: فَقَصَدُوا نَحْوَ مُسَيْلِمَةَ، فَلَمَّا سَمِعَ بِمَسِيرِهَا إِلَيْهِ خَافَهَا عَلَى بِلَادِهِ، وَذَلِكَ أَنَّهُ مَشْغُولٌ بِمُقَاتَلَةِ ثُمَامَةَ بْنِ أَثَالٍ، وَقَدْ سَاعَدَهُ عِكْرِمَةُ بْنُ أَبِي جَهِلٍ بِجُنُودِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ، وَهُمْ نَازِلُونَ بِبَعْضِ بِلَادِهِ يَنْتَظِرُونَ قُدُومَ خَالِدِ بْنِ الْوَلِيدِ، فَبَعَثَ إِلَيْهَا يَسْتَأْمِنُهَا وَيَضْمَنُ لَهَا أَنْ يُعْطِيَهَا نِصْفَ الْأَرْضِ الَّذِي كَانَ لِقُرَيْشٍ لَوْ عَدَلَتْ، فَقَدْ رَدَّهُ اللَّهُ عَلَيْكِ فَحَبَاكِ بِهِ، وَرَاسَلَهَا لِيَجْتَمِعَ بِهَا فِي طَائِفَةٍ مِنْ قَوْمِهِ وَقَوْمِهَا، فَرَكِبَ فِي أَرْبَعِينَ مِنْ قَوْمِهِ وَجَاءَ إِلَيْهَا، فَاجْتَمَعَا فِي خَيْمَةٍ، فَلَمَّا خَلَا بِهَا وَعَرَضَ عَلَيْهَا مَا عَرَضَ مِنْ نِصْفِ الْأَرْضِ وَقَبِلَتْ ذَلِكَ، قَالَ مُسَيْلِمَةُ: سَمِعَ اللَّهُ لِمَنْ سَمِعْ، وَأَطْمَعَهُ بِالْخَيْرِ إِذَا طَمِعْ، وَلَا يَزَالُ أَمْرُهُ فِي كُلِّ مَا سَرَّ نَفْسَهُ مُجْتَمَعْ، رَآكُمْ رَبُّكُمْ فَحَيَّاكُمْ وَمِنْ وَحْشَةٍ أَخَلَّاكُمْ، وَيَوْمَ دِينِهِ أَنْجَاكُمْ، فَأَحْيَاكُمْ عَلَيْنَا مِنْ صَلَوَاتِ مَعْشَرٍ أَبْرَارْ، لَا أَشْقِيَاءَ وَلَا فُجَّارْ، يَقُومُونَ اللَّيْلَ وَيَصُومُونَ النَّهَارْ، لِرَبِّكُمُ الْكُبَّارْ، رَبِّ الْغُيُومِ وَالْأَمْطَارْ. وَقَالَ أَيْضًا: لَمَّا رَأَيْتُ وُجُوهَهُمْ حَسُنَتْ، وَأَبْشَارَهُمْ صَفَتْ، وَأَيْدِيَهُمْ طَفُلَتْ، قُلْتُ لَهُمْ: لَا النِّسَاءَ تَأْتُونَ، وَلَا الْخَمْرَ تَشْرَبُونَ، وَلَكِنَّكُمْ مَعْشَرٌ أَبْرَارٌ تَصُومُونَ، فَسُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ إِذَا جَاءَتِ الْحَيَاةُ كَيْفَ تَحْيَوْنَ، وَإِلَى مَلِكِ السَّمَاءِ كَيْفَ تَرْقَوْنَ، فَلَوْ أَنَّهَا حَبَّةُ خَرْدَلَةٍ لَقَامَ عَلَيْهَا شَهِيدٌ يَعْلَمُ مَا فِي الصُّدُورِ، وَلَأَكْثَرَ النَّاسُ فِيهَا الثُّبُورَ. وَقَدْ كَانَ مُسَيْلِمَةُ ، لَعَنَهُ اللَّهُ، شَرَعَ لِمَنِ اتَّبَعَهُ أَنَّ الْعَزَبَ يَتَزَوَّجُ، فَإِذَا وُلِدَ لَهُ ذَكَرٌ فَيَحْرُمُ عَلَيْهِ النِّسَاءُ حِينَئِذٍ، إِلَّا أَنْ يَمُوتَ ذَلِكَ الْوَلَدُ الذِّكْرُ، فَتَحِلُّ لَهُ النِّسَاءُ حَتَّى يُولَدَ لَهُ ذَكَرٌ، هَذَا مِمَّا اقْتَرَحَهُ، لَعَنَهُ اللَّهُ، مِنْ تِلْقَاءِ نَفْسِهِ. وَيُقَالُ: إِنَّهُ لَمَّا خَلَا بِسَجَاحِ سَأَلَهَا مَاذَا يُوحَى إِلَيْهَا ؟ فَقَالَتْ: وَهَلْ يَكُونُ النِّسَاءُ يَبْتَدِئْنَ ؟ بَلْ أَنْتَ مَاذَا أُوحِيَ إِلَيْكَ ؟ فَقَالَ: أَلَمْ تَرَ إِلَى رَبِّكَ كَيْفَ فَعَلَ بِالْحُبْلَى، أَخْرَجَ مِنْهَا نَسَمَةً تَسْعَى، مِنْ بَيْنِ صَفَاقٍ وَحَشَا. قَالَتْ: وَمَاذَا ؟ فَقَالَ: إِنَّ اللَّهَ خَلَقَ النِّسَاءَ أَفْرَاجَا، وَجَعَلَ الرِّجَالَ لَهُنَّ أَزْوَاجًا، فَنُولِجُ فِيهِنَّ قُعْسًا إِيلَاجًا، ثُمَّ نُخْرِجُهَا إِذَا نَشَاءُ إِخْرَاجًا، فَيُنْتِجْنَ لَنَا سِخَالًا إِنْتَاجًا، فَقَالَتْ: أَشْهَدُ أَنَّكَ نَبِيٌّ. فَقَالَ لَهَا: هَلْ لَكِ أَنْ أَتَزَوَّجَكِ وَآكُلُ بِقَوْمِي وَقَوْمِكِ الْعَرَبَ ؟ قَالَتْ: نَعَمْ. فَقَالَ: أَلَا قُومِي إِلَى النَّيْكِ فَقَدْ هُيِّئَ لَكِ الْمَضْجَعْ فَإِنْ شِئْتِ فَفِي الْبَيْتِ وَإِنْ شِئْتِ فَفِي الْمَخْدَعْ وَإِنْ شِئْتِ سَلَقْنَاكِ وَإِنْ شِئْتِ عَلَى أَرْبَعْ وَإِنْ شِئْتِ بِثُلْثَيْهِ وَإِنْ شِئْتِ بِهِ أَجْمَعْ فَقَالَتْ: بَلْ بِهِ أَجْمَعْ. فَقَالَ: بِذَلِكَ أُوحِيَ إِلَيَّ، وَأَقَامَتْ عِنْدَهُ ثَلَاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ، ثُمَّ رَجَعَتْ إِلَى قَوْمِهَا فَقَالُوا: مَا أَصْدَقَكِ ؟ فَقَالَتْ: لَمْ يَصْدُقْنِي شَيْئًا. فَقَالُوا: إِنَّهُ قَبِيحٌ عَلَى مِثْلِكِ أَنْ تَتَزَوَّجَ بِغَيْرِ صَدَاقٍ، فَبَعَثَتْ إِلَيْهِ تَسْأَلُهُ صَدَاقَهَا، فَقَالَ: أَرْسِلِي إِلَيَّ مُؤَذِّنَكِ. فَبَعَثَتْهُ إِلَيْهِ، وَهُوَ شَبَثُ بْنُ رِبْعِيٍّ، فَقَالَ: نَادِ فِي قَوْمِكَ: إِنَّ مُسَيْلِمَةَ بْنَ حَبِيبٍ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ قَدْ وَضَعَ عَنْكُمْ صَلَاتَيْنِ مِمَّا أَتَاكُمْ بِهِ مُحَمَّدٌ. يَعْنِي صَلَاةَ الْفَجْرَ وَصَلَاةَ الْعِشَاءِ الْآخِرَةِ - وَقِيلَ: بَلْ قَالَ لَهُمْ: إِنِّي وَضَعْتُ عَنْكُمْ مَا أَتَاكُمْ بِهِ مُحَمَّدٌ مِنَ الصَّلَوَاتِ، وَأَبَحْتُ فُرُوجَ الْمُؤْمِنَاتِ، وَشُرْبَ الْخَمْرِ فِي الْكَاسَاتِ - فَكَانَ هَذَا صَدَاقَهَا عَلَيْهِ، لَعَنَهُمَا اللَّهُ، ثُمَّ انْشَمَرَتْ سَجَاحِ رَاجِعَةً إِلَى بِلَادِهَا، وَذَلِكَ حِينَ بَلَغَهَا دُنُوِّ خَالِدٍ مِنْ أَرْضِ الْيَمَامَةِ، فَكَرَّتْ رَاجِعَةً إِلَى الْجَزِيرَةِ بَعْدَمَا قَبَضَتْ مِنْ مُسَيْلِمَةَ نِصْفَ خَرَاجِ أَرْضِهِ، فَأَقَامَتْ فِي قَوْمِهَا بَنِي تَغَلِبَ إِلَى زَمَانِ مُعَاوِيَةَ، فَأَجْلَاهُمْ مِنْهَا عَامَ الْجَمَاعَةِ.
Translation
✧ Mention of Banū Tamīm and Sajāḥ As for Banū Tamīm, the Messenger of God ﷺ distributed his agents among them. Among them were al-Zibriqān, Sahl b. Minjāb, Qays b. ʿĀṣim, Ṣafwān b. Ṣafwān, Sabrah b. ʿAmr, Wakīʿ b. Mālik, and Mālik b. Nuwayrah. When news of the death of the Messenger of God ﷺ arrived, Ṣafwān b. Ṣafwān journeyed to Abū Bakr with the ṣadaqāt of Banū ʿAmr, while Qays b. ʿĀṣim remained watching what al-Zibriqān would do, so that he might oppose him. When al-Zibriqān delayed in his work, he said: 'Oh woe is me on account of Ibn al-ʿUkliyyah! By God, I do not know what to do. If I send the ṣadaqah to Abū Bakr and pledge allegiance to him, he will surely slaughter what he has among Banū Saʿd and thereby make himself their chief at his expense.' So he divided it among the Maqāʿis and the Buṭūn. Al-Zibriqān arrived and followed Ṣafwān b. Ṣafwān with the ṣadaqāt of ʿAwf and al-Abnāʾ—these are clans of Tamīm. Then Qays regretted it, and when al-ʿAlāʾ b. al-Ḥaḍramī drew near him, he brought out the ṣadaqah and met him with it, then went out with him, while the people of Tamīm were occupied with one another. Thumāmah b. Uthāl al-Ḥanafī used to receive reinforcements from Tamīm. When this event occurred, it harmed Thumāmah, who was fighting Musaylimah the Liar, until ʿIkrimah b. Abī Jahl arrived to join him. The opinions of Banū Tamīm had differed during the days of the Riddah. Some of them apostatized and withheld the zakāh; some sent the funds of the ṣadaqāt to al-Ṣiddīq; and some held back to consider their situation. While they were in this state, Sajāḥ bt. al-Ḥārith b. Suwayd b. ʿUqfān al-Taghlibiyyah came from al-Jazīrah. She was one of the Christian Arabs and had claimed prophethood. With her were troops from her people and those who had rallied to them, and they had resolved to raid Abū Bakr al-Ṣiddīq. When she passed through the lands of Banū Tamīm, she called them to her cause, and most of them responded. Among those who responded were Mālik b. Nuwayrah al-Tamīmī, ʿUṭārid b. Ḥājib, and a group of the chiefs and commanders of Banū Tamīm. Others among them stayed away from her. Then they agreed that there would be no war among themselves, except that when Mālik b. Nuwayrah made peace with her, he turned her away from her raid and incited her against Banū Yarbūʿ. Then all agreed to fight the people, and said: 'With whom shall we begin?' She said to them, in her rhymed speech: 'Prepare the mounts, and make ready for plunder; then raid al-Rabāb, for there is no barrier before them.' Then they pledged to support her, and one of them said: A sister of Taghlib came to us with men brought from the nobles of Banū Abīnā And she set up a call among us in folly— she was from the ʿAmāʾir of others besides us We would not deprive them of anything, and she would not have submitted when we came Indeed your minds have become foolish and gone astray on the evening you gather troops for her. And ʿUṭārid b. Ḥājib said about that: Our prophetess has become a female whom we encompass, while the prophets of the people have become males. Then Sajāḥ headed with her troops toward al-Yamāmah, to take it from Musaylimah b. Ḥabīb the Liar. Her people feared him and said: 'His affair has grown strong and become great.' She said to them, in her speech: 'Make for al-Yamāmah; move with the flapping of doves; for it is a decisive raid; no blame will reach you after it.' He said: So they made for Musaylimah. When he heard of her march toward him, he feared her for his land, because he was occupied with fighting Thumāmah b. Uthāl, and ʿIkrimah b. Abī Jahl had reinforced him with the Muslim troops, who were encamped in part of his land waiting for the arrival of Khālid b. al-Walīd. He sent to her seeking a guarantee of safety and promising to give her half of the land that had belonged to Quraysh, if she would turn aside—'God has returned it to you and bestowed it upon you.' He corresponded with her to arrange a meeting with a group of his people and hers. He rode with forty of his people and came to her, and they met in a tent. When he was alone with her and offered her what he offered of half the land, and she accepted that, Musaylimah said: 'God heard whoever listened, and made him covetous of good when he coveted. His affair remains gathered in whatever pleases his soul. Your Lord saw you and greeted you, and from loneliness He set you free, and on the day of His religion He saved you. He brought you to life upon us through the prayers of a people, righteous, neither wretched nor wicked, who stand in the night and fast in the day, to your Lord, the Most Great, Lord of clouds and rains.' He also said: 'When I saw their faces, how fair they were, and their skins, how clear they were, and their hands, how soft they were, I said to them: You do not approach women, and you do not drink wine, but you are a righteous people who fast. Glory be to God, when life comes, how will you live, and to the King of heaven how will you ascend? If it were a mustard seed, a witness would stand over it who knows what is in the breasts, and most people would perish therein.' Musaylimah, may God curse him, had legislated for his followers that the unmarried man should marry; then, when a male child was born to him, women would be forbidden to him from that point, unless that male child died, in which case women would become lawful to him until a male child was born to him. This was among what he invented, may God curse him, from his own self. It is said that when he was alone with Sajāḥ, he asked her what was revealed to her. She said: 'Do women ever begin? Rather, what has been revealed to you?' He said: 'Have you not seen how your Lord dealt with the pregnant woman? He brought out from her a living soul that walks, from between the outer covering and the inner organs.' She said: 'And what else?' He said: 'God created women as openings, and made men their husbands. We insert into them stoutly, an insertion, then bring them out when we wish, an extraction, and they produce for us lambs, a production.' She said: 'I bear witness that you are a prophet.' He said to her: 'Would you like me to marry you and with my people and your people consume the Arabs?' She said: 'Yes.' He said: Arise to the bedding, for the resting place has been prepared for you. If you wish, in the house, or if you wish, in the chamber. If you wish, we lay you on your back, or if you wish, on all fours. If you wish, with two-thirds of it, or if you wish, with all of it. She said: 'Rather, with all of it.' He said: 'That is what has been revealed to me.' She stayed with him for three days, then returned to her people. They said: 'What did he give you as a dower?' She said: 'He gave me nothing as a dower.' They said: 'It is shameful for one like you to marry without a dower.' So she sent to him asking for her dower. He said: 'Send me your muezzin.' She sent him, who was Shabath b. Ribʿī. He said: 'Call out among your people: Musaylimah b. Ḥabīb, the Messenger of God, has removed from you two prayers of what Muhammad brought you'—meaning the dawn prayer and the last evening prayer. It was also said that he said to them: 'I have removed from you the prayers that Muhammad brought you, and I have made lawful the private parts of believing women, and the drinking of wine in cups.' This was her dower from him, may God curse them both. Then Sajāḥ withdrew and returned to her land, when news reached her of Khālid's approach to the land of al-Yamāmah. She turned back to al-Jazīrah after receiving from Musaylimah half of the land tax of his territory. She remained among her people, Banū Taghlib, until the time of Muʿāwiyah, who expelled them from it in the Year of the Community.
Grades by grader
No grade is recorded for this wording.