Tarikh (al-Tabari) 1792
The wives of the Prophet, blessings and peace of Allah be upon him, and ᴿᴬ
[ زَوَاجُهُ بِأُمِّ حَبِيبَةَ ] وَتَزَوَّجَ ﷺ أُمَّ حَبِيبَةَ رَمْلَةَ بِنْتَ أَبِي سُفْيَانَ بْنِ حَرْبِ بْنِ أُمَيَّةَ بْنِ عَبْدِ شَمْسِ بْنِ عَبْدِ مَنَافِ بْنِ قُصَيٍّ، وكَانَتْ قَبْلَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ عِنْدَ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ جَحْشٍ، وَوَلَدَتْ لَهُ حَبِيبَةَ وَبِهَا كَانَتْ تُكْنَى، وَهَاجَرَ بِهَا إِلَى الْحَبَشَةِ فِي الْهِجْرَةِ الثَّانِيَةِ، ثُمَّ تَنَصَّرَ هُنَاكَ، وَمَاتَ عَنْهَا عَلَى النَّصْرَانِيَّةِ، وَبَقِيَتْ أُمُّ حَبِيبَةَ ؓ عَلَى دِينِ الْإِسْلَامِ وَأَبَى اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ لِأُمِّ حَبِيبَةَ أَلَّا تَتَنَصَّرَ، فَأَتَمَّ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى - الْإِسْلَامَ وَالْهِجْرَةَ وَتَزَوَّجَهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَبَعَثَ عَمْرُو بْنُ أُمَيَّةَ الضَّمْرَيُّ إِلَى النَّجَاشِيِّ فَزَوَّجَهُ إِيَّاهَا وَالَّذِي عَقَدَ عَلَيْهَا خَالِدُ بْنُ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْعَاصِ وَأَصْدَقَهَا النَّجَاشِيُّ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَرْبَعَمِائَةِ دِينَارٍ عَلَى خِلَافٍ مَحْكِيٍّ فِي الصَّدَاقِ، وَالْعَاقِدِ، وَبَعَثَهَا مَعَ شُرَحْبِيلَ بْنِ حَسَنَةَ وَجَهَّزَهَا مِنْ عِنْدِهِ، كُلُّ ذَلِكَ فِي سَنَةِ تِسْعٍ، وَقِيلَ: كَانَ الصَّدَاقُ مِائَتَيْ دِينَارٍ، وَقِيلَ: أَرْبَعَةُ آلَافِ دِرْهَمٍ، وَالْأَوَّلُ النَّسَبُ، وَرَوَى ابْنُ سَعْدٍ عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ سَعِيدٍ الْأُمَوِيِّ، قَالَ: قَالَتْ أُمُّ حَبِيبَةَ ؓ: رَأَيْتُ فِي النَّوْمِ كَأَنَّ زَوْجِي عُبَيْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ جَحْشٍ بِأَسْوَأِ صُورَةٍ فَأَصْبَحْتُ، فَإِذَا بِهِ قَدْ تَنَصَّرَ، فَأَخْبَرْتُهُ بِالْمَنَامِ، فَلَمْ يَحْفُلْ وَأَكَبَّ عَلَى الْخَمْرِ حَتَّى مَاتَ فَأَتَانِي آتٍ فِي النَّوْمِ، فَقَالَ: يَا أُمَّ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، فَفَزِعْتُ فَمَا هُوَ إِلَّا أَنِ انْقَضَتْ عِدَّتِي فَمَا شَعَرْتُ إِلَّا بِرَسُولِ النَّجَاشِيِّ يَسْتَأْذِنُ، فَذَكَرَ لِأُمِّ حَبِيبَةَ خِطْبَةَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِيَّاهَا مِنَ النَّجَاشِيِّ وَرَوَى الطَّبَرَانِيُّ بِسَنَدٍ حَسَنٍ عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ - رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى - قَالَ: تَزَوَّجَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أُمَّ حَبِيبَةَ بِنْتَ أَبِي سُفْيَانَ وَاسْمُهَا رَمْلَةُ وَأَنْكَحَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ رُقْيَةَ ؓ عُثْمَانَ بْنَ عَفَّانَ ؓ مِنْ أَجْلِ أَنَّ أُمَّ حَبِيبَةَ، أُمُّهَا صَفِيَّةُ بِنْتُ أَبِي الْعَاصِ، وَصَفِيَّةُ عَمَّةُ عُثْمَانَ أُخْتُ عَفَّانَ لِأَبِيهِ وَأُمِّهِ، وَقَدِمَ بِأُمِّ حَبِيبَةَ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ شُرَحْبِيلُ بْنُ حَسَنَةَ. وَرَوَى ابْنُ أَبِي خَيْثَمَةَ فِي تَارِيخِهِ عَنْ مُصْعَبِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الزُّبَيْرِيِّ، قَالَ: تَزَوَّجَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أُمَّ حَبِيبَةَ، زَوَّجَهُ إِيَّاهَا النَّجَاشِيُّ، فَقِيلَ لِأَبِي سُفْيَانَ يَوْمَئِذٍ وَهُوَ مُشْرِكٌ (يُحَارِبُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ ): إِنَّ مُحَمَّدًا قَدْ نَكَحَ ابْنَتَكَ، قَالَ: ذَاكَ الْفَحْلُ لَا يُقْرَعُ أَنْفُهُ، وَرُوِيَ أَيْضًا عَنْ أَبِي عُبَيْدَةَ مَعْمَرِ بْنِ الْمُثَنَّى قَالَ: تَزَوَّجَهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ سَنَةَ سِتٍّ. وَرَوَى ابْنُ الْجَوْزِيِّ فِي الصَّفْوَةِ عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْعَاصِ قَالَ: قَالَتْ أُمُّ حَبِيبَةَ: رَأَيْتُ فِي النَّوْمِ كَأَنَّ عُبَيْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ جَحْشٍ زَوْجِي بِأَسْوَأِ صُورَةٍ وَأَشْوَهِهَا. فَفَزِعْتُ فَقُلْتُ: تَغَيَّرَتْ وَاللَّهِ حَالُهُ. فَإِذَا هُوَ يَقُولُ حِينَ أَصْبَحَ: يَا أُمَّ حَبِيبَةَ إِنِّي نَظَرْتُ فِي الدِّينِ فَلَمْ أَرَ دِينًا خَيْرًا مِنَ النَّصْرَانِيَّةِ، وَكُنْتُ قَدْ دِنْتُ بِهَا ثُمَّ دَخَلْتُ فِي دِينِ مُحَمَّدٍ، ثُمَّ رَجَعْتُ فِي النَّصْرَانِيَّةِ. فَقُلْتُ: وَاللَّهِ مَا خَيْرٌ لَكَ. وَأَخْبَرْتُهُ بِالرُّؤْيَا الَّتِي رَأَيْتُهَا فَلَمْ يَحْفُلْ بِهَا وَأَكَبَّ عَلَى الْخَمْرِ حَتَّى مَاتَ: فَأَرَى فِي النَّوْمِ كَأَنَّ آتِيًا يَقُولُ: يَا أُمَّ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ فَفَزِعْتُ فَأَوَّلْتُهَا أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَتَزَوَّجُنِي. قَالَتْ: فَمَا هُوَ إِلَّا أَنْ قَدِ انْقَضَتْ عِدَّتِي فَمَا شَعَرْتُ إِلَّا بِرَسُولِ النَّجَاشِيِّ عَلَى بَابِي يَسْتَأْذِنُ. فَإِذَا جَارِيَةٌ لَهُ يُقَالُ لَهَا أَبَرْهَةُ كَانَتْ تَقُومُ عَلَى ثِيَابِهِ وَدُهْنِهِ فَدَخَلَتْ عَلَيَّ فَقَالَتْ: إِنَّ الْمَلِكَ يَقُولُ لَكِ إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ كَتَبَ إِلَيَّ أَنْ أُزَوِّجَهُ فَقَالَتْ: بَشَّرَكِ اللَّهُ بِخَيْرٍ. قَالَتْ: يَقُولُ لَكِ الْمَلِكُ وَكِّلِي مَنْ يُزَوِّجُكِ. فَأَرْسَلَتْ إِلَى خَالِدِ بْنِ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْعَاصِ فَوَكَّلَتْهُ وَأَعْطَتْ أَبَرْهَةَ سِوَارَيْنِ مِنْ فِضَّةَ وَخَدَمَتَيْنِ كَانَتَا فِي رِجْلَيْهَا وَخَوَاتِيمَ فِضَّةً كَانَتْ فِي أَصَابِعِ رِجْلَيْهَا سُرُورًا بِمَا بَشَّرَتْهَا. فَلَمَّا كَانَ الْعَشِيُّ أَمَرَ النَّجَاشِيُّ جَعْفَرَ بْنَ أَبِي طَالِبٍ وَمَنْ هُنَاكَ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ فَحَضَرُوا فَخَطَبَ النَّجَاشِيُّ فَقَالَ: الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ الْمَلِكُ الْقُدُّوسُ السَّلَامُ الْمُؤْمِنُ الْمُهَيْمِنُ الْعَزِيزُ الْجَبَّارُ، أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ وَأَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا عَبْدُهُ وَرَسُولُهُ وَأَنَّهُ الَّذِي بَشَّرَ بِهِ عِيسَى ابْنُ مَرْيَمَ ﷺ. أَمَّا بَعْدُ: فَإِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ كَتَبَ إِلَيَّ أَنْ أُزَوِّجَهُ أُمَّ حَبِيبَةَ بِنْتَ أَبِي سُفْيَانَ فَأَجَبْتُ إِلَى مَا دَعَا إِلَيْهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَقَدْ أَصْدَقْتُهَا أَرْبَعَمِائَةِ دِينَارٍ. ثُمَّ سَكَبَ الدَّنَانِيرَ بَيْنَ يَدَيِ الْقَوْمِ فَتَكَلَّمَ خَالِدُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ فَقَالَ: الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ، أَحْمَدُهُ وَأَسْتَعِينُهُ وَأَسْتَنْصِرُهُ وَأَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ وَحْدَهُ لَا شَرِيكَ لَهُ وَأَشْهَدُ أَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا عَبْدُهُ وَرَسُولُهُ أَرْسَلَهُ بِالْهُدَى وَدِينِ الْحَقِّ لِيُظْهِرَهُ عَلَى الدِّينِ كُلِّهِ وَلَوْ كَرِهَ الْمُشْرِكُونَ - أَمَّا بَعْدُ أَجَبْتُ إِلَى مَا دَعَا إِلَيْهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَزَوَّجْتُهُ أُمَّ حَبِيبَةَ بِنْتَ أَبِي سُفْيَانَ فَبَارَكَ اللَّهُ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ. وَدَفَعَ الدَّنَانِيرَ إِلَى خَالِدِ بْنِ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْعَاصِ فَقَبَضَهَا. ثُمَّ أَرَادُوا أَنْ يَقُومُوا فَقَالَ: اجْلِسُوا فَإِنَّ سُنَّةَ الْأَنْبِيَاءِ إِذَا تَزَوَّجُوا أَنْ يُؤْكَلَ طَعَامٌ عَلَى التَّزْوِيجِ. فَدَعَا بِطَعَامٍ وَأَكَلُوا ثُمَّ تَفَرَّقُوا. قَالَتْ أُمُّ حَبِيبَةَ: فَلَمَّا وَصَلَ إِلَيَّ الْمَالُ أَرْسَلْتُ إِلَى أَبَرْهَةَ الَّتِي بَشَّرَتْنِي فَقُلْتُ لَهَا: إِنِّي كُنْتُ أَعْطَيْتُكِ مَا أَعْطَيْتُكِ يَوْمَئِذٍ وَلَا مَالَ بِيَدِي فَهَذِهِ خَمْسُونَ مِثْقَالًا فَخُذِيهَا فَاسْتَعِينِي بِهَا. فَأَبَتْ وَأَخْرَجَتْ حُقًّا فِيهِ كُلُّ مَا كُنْتُ أَعْطَيْتُهَا فَرَدَّتْهُ عَلَيَّ وَقَالَتْ: عَزَمَ عَلَيَّ الْمَلِكُ أَنْ لَا أَرْزَأَكِ شَيْئًا وَأَنَا الَّتِي أَقُومُ عَلَى ثِيَابِهِ وَدُهْنِهِ وَقَدِ اتَّبَعْتُ دِينَ مُحَمَّدٍ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَأَسْلَمْتُ لِلَّهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ وَقَدْ أَمَرَ الْمَلِكُ نِسَاءَهُ أَنْ يَبْعَثْنَ إِلَيْكِ بِكُلِّ مَا عِنْدَهُنَّ مِنَ الْعِطْرِ. قَالَتْ: فَلَمَّا كَانَ الْغَدُ جَاءَتْنِي بِعُودٍ وَوَرْسٍ وَعَنْبَرٍ وَزَبَادٍ كَثِيرٍ فَقَدِمْتُ بِذَلِكَ كُلِّهِ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَكَانَ يَرَاهُ عَلَيَّ وَعِنْدِي فَلَا يُنْكِرُهُ. ثُمَّ قَالَتْ أَبَرْهَةُ: فَحَاجَتِي إِلَيْكِ أَنْ تَقْرَئِي عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ مِنِّي السَّلَامَ وَتُعْلِمِيهِ أَنِّي قَدِ اتَّبَعْتُ دِينَهُ. قَالَتْ: ثُمَّ لَطَفَتْ بِي وَكَانَتِ الَّتِي جَهَّزَتْنِي، وَكَانَتْ كُلَّمَا دَخَلَتْ عَلَيَّ تَقُولُ: لَا تَنْسَيْ حَاجَتِي إِلَيْكِ. قَالَتْ: فَلَمَّا قَدِمْتُ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَخْبَرْتُهُ كَيْفَ كَانَتِ الْخِطْبَةُ وَمَا فَعَلَتْ بِي أَبَرْهَةُ فَتَبَسَّمَ وَأَقْرَأْتُهُ مِنْهَا السَّلَامَ فَقَالَ: وَعَلَيْهَا السَّلَامُ وَرَحْمَةُ اللَّهِ وَبَرَكَاتُهُ. فِيمَا نَزَلَ بِسَبَبِ زَوَاجِ أُمِّ حَبِيبَةَ ؓ مِنَ الْقُرْآنِ . قَالَ اللَّهُ - سُبْحَانَهُ وَتَعَالَى -: عَسَى اللَّهُ أَنْ يَجْعَلَ بَيْنَكُمْ وَبَيْنَ الَّذِينَ عَادَيْتُمْ مِنْهُمْ مَوَدَّةً [الْمُمْتَحَنَةِ 7 ]. تَنْبِيهَاتٌ: الْأَوَّلُ: اخْتُلِفَ فِيمَنْ زَوَّجَهَا فَرُوِيَ عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْعَاصِ، وَرُوِيَ عَنْ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ عَفَّانَ وَلَيْسَ بِصَوَابٍ، لِأَنَّ عُثْمَانَ كَانَ مَقْدِمُهُ مِنَ الْحَبَشَةِ قَبْلَ وَقْعَةِ بَدْرٍ، وَهِيَ ابْنَةُ عَمَّتِهِ، وَقَالَ الْبَيْهَقِيُّ: إِنَّ الَّذِي زَوَّجَهَا خَالِدُ بْنُ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْعَاصِ ؓ وَهُوَ ابْنُ عَمِّ أَبِيهَا، لِأَنَّ الْعَاصِ بْنَ أُمَيَّةَ عَمُّ أَبِي سُفْيَانَ بْنِ حَرْبِ بْنِ أُمَيَّةَ، وَرَوَى النَّجَاشِيُّ وَيُحْتَمَلُ أَنْ يَكُونَ النَّجَاشِيُّ هُوَ الْخَاطِبُ، وَالْعَاقِدُ إِمَّا عُثْمَانُ أَوْ خَالِدُ بْنُ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْعَاصِ عَلَى مَا تَضَمَّنَهُ الْحَدِيثُ السَّابِقُ، وَقِيلَ: عَقَدَ عَلَيْهَا النَّجَاشِيُّ وَكَانَ قَدْ أَسْلَمَ، وَقِيلَ: إِنَّمَا تَزَوَّجَهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عِنْدَ مَرْجِعِهَا مِنَ الْحَبَشَةِ، وَالْأَوَّلُ أَثْبَتُ مِنْ ذَلِكَ كُلِّهِ. وَرُوِيَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ بَعَثَ عُمَرَ بْنَ أُمَيَّةَ الضَّمْرِيَّ إِلَى النَّجَاشِيِّ لِيَخْطُبَهَا عَلَيْهِ فَزَوَّجَهُ إِيَّاهَا، وَأَصْدَقَهَا أَرْبَعَمِائَةِ دِينَارٍ، وَبَعَثَ بِهَا مَعَ شُرَحْبِيلَ بْنِ حَسَنَةَ ؓ فَجَاءَهُ ﷺ بِهَا، فَيُحْتَمَلُ أَنَّهُ - ﷺ بَعَثَ عَمْرًا لِلْخِطْبَةِ، وَشُرَحْبِيلَ لِحَمْلِهَا إِلَيْهِ، وَكَانَ ذَلِكَ فِي سَنَةِ سَبْعٍ مِنَ الْهِجْرَةِ، وَكَانَ أَبُوهَا حَالَ نِكَاحِهَا بِمَكَّةَ مُشْرِكًا مُحَارِبًا لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ. الثَّانِي: رَوَى ابْنُ حِبَّانَ عَنْ عَائِشَةَ ؓ قَالَتْ: هَاجَرَ عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ جَحْشٍ بِأُمِّ حَبِيبَةَ بِنْتِ أَبِي سُفْيَانَ وَهِيَ امْرَأَتُهُ إِلَى أَرْضِ الْحَبَشَةِ، فَلَمَّا قَدِمَ أَرْضَ الْحَبَشَةِ مَرِضَ، فَلَمَّا حَضَرَتْهُ الْوَفَاةُ أَوْصَى إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَتَزَوَّجَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أُمَّ حَبِيبَةَ، وَبَعَثَ مَعَهَا النَّجَاشِيُّ شُرَحْبِيلَ بْنَ حَسَنَةَ ؓ وَفِي هَذَا إِشْكَالَانِ أَحَدُهُمَا: فِي الِاسْمِ، فَإِنَّ الْمَشْهُورَ أَنَّهُ عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بِالتَّصْغِيرِ، كَمَا تَقَدَّمَ ذَكَرَهُ وَأَنَّهُ تَنَصَّرَ. ثَانِيهِمَا: أَنَّ عُبَيْدَ اللَّهِ ثَبَتَ عَلَى إِسْلَامِهِ حَتَّى اسْتُشْهِدَ بِأُحُدٍ ؓ.
Translation
✧ [ His marriage to Umm Ḥabībah ] And the Prophet ﷺ married Umm Ḥabībah Ramlah bt. Abī Sufyān b. Ḥarb b. Umayyah b. ʿAbd Shams b. ʿAbd Manāf b. Quṣayy. Before the Messenger of Allāh ﷺ, she had been married to ʿUbayd Allāh b. Jaḥsh, and she bore him Ḥabībah, by which she was given her kunyah. He emigrated with her to Abyssinia in the second emigration. Then he became a Christian there and died leaving her while adhering to Christianity. Umm Ḥabībah ؓ remained upon the religion of Islām, and Allāh, Mighty and Majestic, refused for Umm Ḥabībah that she should become a Christian. So Allāh, Exalted be He, completed Islām and the emigration for her, and the Messenger of Allāh ﷺ married her. He sent ʿAmr b. Umayyah al-Ḍamrī to the Negus, who married her to him. The one who concluded the marriage contract for her was Khālid b. Saʿīd b. al-ʿĀṣ, and the Negus paid as her dower on behalf of the Messenger of Allāh ﷺ four hundred dinars, according to a reported disagreement concerning the dower and the one who concluded the contract. He sent her with Shuraḥbīl b. Ḥasanah and equipped her from his own resources. All of this was in the year nine. It is also said that the dower was two hundred dinars, and it is said four thousand dirhams, but the first is the more reliable. Ibn Saʿd reported from Ismāʿīl b. ʿAmr b. Saʿīd al-Umawī, who said: Umm Ḥabībah ؓ said: “I saw in a dream as if my husband ʿUbayd Allāh b. Jaḥsh was in the ugliest form. I woke up, and there he was, having become a Christian. I informed him of the dream, but he paid no heed and devoted himself to wine until he died. Then a visitor came to me in a dream and said, ‘O Mother of the Believers.’ I was startled. No sooner had my waiting period ended than I was surprised by the Negus’s messenger asking permission to enter.” She mentioned to Umm Ḥabībah the Negus’s proposal on behalf of the Messenger of Allāh ﷺ. Al-Ṭabarānī reported with a sound chain from al-Zuhrī, may Allāh have mercy on him, who said: “The Messenger of Allāh ﷺ married Umm Ḥabībah bt. Abī Sufyān, whose name was Ramlah. And the Messenger of Allāh ﷺ gave Ruqayyah ؓ in marriage to ʿUthmān b. ʿAffān ؓ because Umm Ḥabībah’s mother was Ṣafiyyah bt. Abī al-ʿĀṣ, and Ṣafiyyah was ʿUthmān’s paternal aunt, the sister of ʿAffān by the same father and mother. Shuraḥbīl b. Ḥasanah brought Umm Ḥabībah to the Messenger of Allāh ﷺ. Ibn Abī Khaythamah reported in his Tārīkh from Muṣʿab b. ʿAbd Allāh al-Zubayrī, who said: “The Messenger of Allāh ﷺ married Umm Ḥabībah; the Negus married her to him. It was said to Abū Sufyān on that day, while he was still a polytheist fighting the Messenger of Allāh ﷺ, ‘Muḥammad has married your daughter.’ He said, ‘That stallion’s nose is not to be struck.’” It is also reported from Abū ʿUbaydah Maʿmar b. al-Muthannā, who said: “The Messenger of Allāh ﷺ married her in the year six.” Ibn al-Jawzī reported in al-Ṣafwah from Saʿīd b. al-ʿĀṣ, who said: Umm Ḥabībah said: “I saw in a dream as if ʿUbayd Allāh b. Jaḥsh, my husband, was in the ugliest and most distorted form. I was alarmed and said, ‘By Allāh, his condition has changed.’ Then, when morning came, he said, ‘O Umm Ḥabībah, I have examined the religion and have not found any religion better than Christianity. I had professed it before, then entered the religion of Muḥammad, and have now returned to Christianity.’ I said, ‘By Allāh, it is not better for you.’ I informed him of the dream I had seen, but he paid no heed to it and devoted himself to wine until he died. Then I saw in a dream as if a visitor was saying, ‘O Mother of the Believers.’ I was startled and interpreted it that the Messenger of Allāh ﷺ would marry me. She said: No sooner had my waiting period ended than I was surprised by the Negus’s messenger at my door asking permission to enter. There was a slave girl of his named Abrahah who used to look after his clothes and perfume. She entered upon me and said, ‘The king says to you that the Messenger of Allāh ﷺ has written to me that I should marry him to you.’ So I said, ‘May Allāh give you good tidings.’ She said, ‘The king says to you: appoint someone to give you in marriage.’ So I sent for Khālid b. Saʿīd b. al-ʿĀṣ and appointed him as my agent, and I gave Abrahah two silver bracelets, two anklets that were on my legs, and silver rings that were on my toes, out of joy for the good news she had brought. When evening came, the Negus ordered Jaʿfar b. Abī Ṭālib and the Muslims who were there to attend. The Negus delivered a sermon and said: ‘Praise be to Allāh, the King, the Holy, the Peace, the Faithful, the Guardian, the Mighty, the Compeller. I bear witness that there is no god but Allāh and that Muḥammad is His servant and Messenger, and that he is the one whom Jesus son of Mary ﷺ foretold. To proceed: The Messenger of Allāh ﷺ has written to me that I should give him Umm Ḥabībah bt. Abī Sufyān in marriage. I have agreed to what the Messenger of Allāh ﷺ has called for, and I have paid as her dower four hundred dinars.’ Then he poured the dinars before the people. Khālid b. Saʿīd spoke and said: ‘Praise be to Allāh. I praise Him, seek His help and His support, and I bear witness that there is no god but Allāh alone, with no partner, and I bear witness that Muḥammad is His servant and Messenger, whom He sent with guidance and the religion of truth to make it prevail over all religion, even though the polytheists dislike it. To proceed: I have agreed to what the Messenger of Allāh ﷺ has called for and have given him Umm Ḥabībah bt. Abī Sufyān in marriage. May Allāh bless the Messenger of Allāh ﷺ.’ He handed the dinars to Khālid b. Saʿīd b. al-ʿĀṣ, who took them. Then they wanted to get up, but he said, ‘Sit, for it is the custom of the prophets, when they marry, that food be eaten on the occasion of the marriage.’ He called for food and they ate, then they dispersed. Umm Ḥabībah said: When the money reached me, I sent to Abrahah, who had brought me the good news, and said to her, ‘I had given you what I gave you that day while I had no money in my hand. Here are fifty mithqāls; take them and make use of them.’ But she refused and brought out a box containing everything I had given her and returned it to me, saying, ‘The king has enjoined me not to take anything from you. I am the one who looks after his clothes and perfume, and I have followed the religion of Muḥammad, the Messenger of Allāh ﷺ, and I have submitted to Allāh, Mighty and Majestic. The king has ordered his wives to send you all the perfume they have.’ She said: The next day she came to me with a great quantity of aloeswood, wars, ambergris, and civet. I brought all of that to the Messenger of Allāh ﷺ, and he saw it on me and in my possession and did not disapprove. Then Abrahah said, ‘My request to you is that you convey my greetings to the Messenger of Allāh ﷺ and inform him that I have followed his religion.’ She said: Then she was kind to me and was the one who prepared me. Every time she entered upon me she would say, ‘Do not forget my request to you.’ She said: When I came to the Messenger of Allāh ﷺ, I told him how the proposal had been made and what Abrahah had done for me. He smiled, and I conveyed her greetings to him. He said, ‘And upon her be peace, the mercy of Allāh, and His blessings.’ Concerning what was revealed in the Qurʾān on account of the marriage of Umm Ḥabībah ؓ. Allāh, glorified and exalted be He, said: “Perhaps Allāh will put affection between you and those of them with whom you are at enmity” [al-Mumtaḥanah 7]. Points of note: First: There is disagreement concerning who gave her in marriage. It is reported from Saʿīd b. al-ʿĀṣ, and it is reported from ʿUthmān b. ʿAffān, but that is not correct because ʿUthmān had returned from Abyssinia before the Battle of Badr, and she was the daughter of his paternal aunt. Al-Bayhaqī said: The one who gave her in marriage was Khālid b. Saʿīd b. al-ʿĀṣ ؓ, who was the cousin of her father, because al-ʿĀṣ b. Umayyah was the paternal uncle of Abū Sufyān b. Ḥarb b. Umayyah. It is reported from the Negus, and it is possible that the Negus was the one who proposed while the one who concluded the contract was either ʿUthmān or Khālid b. Saʿīd b. al-ʿĀṣ, as contained in the preceding ḥadīth. It is also said that the Negus concluded the contract for her, having embraced Islām, and it is said that the Messenger of Allāh ﷺ married her only after her return from Abyssinia. The first view is more firmly established than all of that. It is reported that the Messenger of Allāh ﷺ sent ʿUmar b. Umayyah al-Ḍamrī to the Negus to propose to her on his behalf, and the Negus married her to him and paid as her dower four hundred dinars. He sent her with Shuraḥbīl b. Ḥasanah ؓ, who brought her to him ﷺ. It is possible that he ﷺ sent ʿAmr for the proposal and Shuraḥbīl to bring her to him. That was in the year seven of the Hijrah. Her father was at the time of her marriage in Makkah, a polytheist fighting the Messenger of Allāh ﷺ. Second: Ibn Ḥibbān reported from ʿĀʾishah ؓ, who said: “ʿUbayd Allāh b. Jaḥsh emigrated with Umm Ḥabībah bt. Abī Sufyān, his wife, to the land of Abyssinia. When he arrived in the land of Abyssinia, he fell ill. When death came to him, he bequeathed his wife to the Messenger of Allāh ﷺ, and the Messenger of Allāh ﷺ married Umm Ḥabībah. The Negus sent Shuraḥbīl b. Ḥasanah ؓ with her.” In this there are two problems. One of them concerns the name, for the well-known form is ʿUbayd Allāh, in the diminutive, as previously mentioned, and that he became a Christian. The second is that ʿUbayd Allāh remained steadfast in his Islām until he was martyred at Uḥud ؓ.
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