Tarikh (al-Tabari) 1781
Preparation of the Prophet ﷺ and his burial
صِفَةِ دَفْنِهِ، عَلَيْهِ الصَّلَاةُ وَالسَّلَامُ، وَأَيْنَ دُفِنَ ، وَذِكْرِ الْخِلَافِ فِي دَفْنِهِ لَيْلًا كَانَ أَمْ نَهَارًا قَالَ ابْنُ كَثِيرٍ: الصَّحِيحُ الْمَشْهُورُ عَنِ الْجُمْهُورِ أَنَّهُ ﷺ تُوُفِّيَ يَوْمَ الِاثْنَيْنِ وَدُفِنَ يَوْمَ الْأَرْبِعَاءِ. وَرَوَى يَعْقُوبُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ تُوُفِّيَ يَوْمَ الِاثْنَيْنِ فَلَبِثَ ذَلِكَ الْيَوْمَ وَتِلْكَ اللَّيْلَةَ وَيَوْمَ الثُّلَاثَاءَ إِلَى آخِرِ النَّهَارِ. قَالَ ابْنُ كَثِيرٍ: وَهُوَ قَوْلٌ غَرِيبٌ. وَرَوَى يَعْقُوبُ أَيْضًا عَنْ مَكْحُولٍ قَالَ: مَكَثَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ ثَلَاثَ أَيَّامٍ لَا يُدْفَنُ قَالَ ابْنُ كَثِيرٍ: غَرِيبٌ، وَالصَّحِيحُ أَنَّهُ مَكَثَ بَقِيَّةَ يَوْمِ الِاثْنَيْنِ، وَيَوْمَ الثُّلَاثَاءِ بِكَامِلِهِ، وَدُفِنَ لَيْلَةَ الْأَرْبِعَاءَ، وَأَغْرَبُ مِنْ ذَلِكَ مَا رَوَاهُ سَيْفٌ مِنْ هُشَامٍ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ دُفِنَ يَوْمَ الثُّلَاثَاءِ، وَالسَّبَبُ فِي تَأْخِيرِ دَفْنِهِ مَعَ أَنَّ السُّنَّةَ الْإِعْجَالُ بِهِ عَدَمُ اتِّفَاقِهِمْ عَلَى مَوْتِهِ. وَرَوَى ابْنُ سَعْدٍ وَابْنُ مَاجَهْ، وَأَبُو يَعْلَى عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ؓ قَالَ: لَمَّا فُرِغَ مِنْ جِهَازِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَوْمَ الثُّلَاثَاءِ وُضِعَ عَلَى سَرِيرِهِ فِي بَيْتِهِ، وَقَدْ كَانَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ اخْتَلَفُوا فِي دَفْنِهِ، فَقَالَ قَائِلٌ: نَدْفِنُهُ مَعَ أَصْحَابِهِ بِالْبَقِيعِ، وَقَالَ قَائِلٌ: ادْفِنُوهُ فِي مَسْجِدِهِ. فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ: سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ: «مَا قُبِضَ نَبِيٌّ إِلَّا دُفِنَ حَيْثُ يُقْبَضُ» فَرُفِعَ فِرَاشُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ الَّذِي تُوُفِّيَ عَلَيْهِ، فَحَفَرُوا لَهُ تَحْتَهُ. وَرَوَى أَبُو يَعْلَى وَابْنُ مَاجَهْ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ؓ قَالَ: لَمَّا أَرَادُوا أَنْ يَحْفِرُوا لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ دَعَا الْعَبَّاسُ رَجُلَيْنِ، فَقَالَ لِأَحَدِهِمَا: اذْهَبْ إِلَى أَبِي عُبَيْدَةَ بْنِ الْجَرَّاحِ، وَكَانَ يُضْرِحُ لِأَهْلِ مَكَّةَ، وَقَالَ لِآخَرَ: اذْهَبْ إِلَى أَبِي طَلْحَةَ، وَكَانَ هُوَ الَّذِي يَحْفِرُ لِأَهْلِ الْمَدِينَةِ، وَكَانَ يُلْحِدُ، فَقَالُوا: اللَّهُمَّ، خِرْ لِرَسُولِكَ، فَوَجَدُوا أَبَا طَلْحَةَ، فَجِيءَ بِهِ وَلَمْ يُوجَدْ أَبُو عُبَيْدَةَ فَلُحِدَ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ ثُمَّ دُفِنَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَسَطَ اللَّيْلِ مِنْ لَيْلَةِ الْأَرْبِعَاءِ، وَنَزَلَ فِي حُفْرَتِهِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ، وَالْفَضْلُ وَقُثَمُ بْنُ عَبَّاسٍ وَشُقْرَانُ مَوْلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَقَالَ أَوْسُ ابْنُ خَوْلِيٍّ، وَهُوَ أَبُو لَيْلَى لِعَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ: أَنْشُدُكَ اللَّهَ، وَحَظُّنَا مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ لَهُ عَلِيٌّ: انْزِلْ، وَكَانَ شُقْرَانُ مَوْلَاهُ أَخَذَ قَطِيفَةً حَمْرَاءَ كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَلْبَسُهَا فَدَفَنَهَا فِي الْقَبْرِ وَقَالَ: وَاللَّهِ، لَا يَلْبَسُهَا أَحَدٌ بَعْدَكَ أَبَدًا، فَدُفِنَتْ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ. وَرَوَى ابْنُ سَعْدٍ عَنْ أَبِي طَلْحَةَ ؓ نَحْوَهُ. وَرَوَى الْإِمَامُ الشَّافِعِيُّ ؓ قَالَ: سَلْ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ مَنْ قِبَلَ رَأْسِهِ. وَرَوَى الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ وَمُسْلِمٌ وَالتِّرْمِذِيُّ وَحَسَّنَهُ وَالنِّسَائِيُّ وَابْنُ سَعْدٍ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ؓ قَالَ:وُضِعَ تَحْتَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي قَبْرِهِ قَطِيفَةٌ حَمْرَاءُ . وَرَوَى ابْنُ سَعْدٍ قَالَ وَكِيعٌ: هَذَا لِلنَّبِيِّ ﷺ خَاصَّةً. وَرَوَى ابْنُ سَعْدٍ - بِرِجَالٍ ثِقَاتٍ- عَنِ الْحَسَنِ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: « افْرِشُوا لِي قَطِيفَتِي فِي لَحْدِي فَإِنَّ الْأَرْضَ لَمْ تُسَلَّطْ عَلَى أَجْسَادِ الْأَنْبِيَاءِ ». وَرَوَى التِّرْمِذِيُّ وَحَسَّنَهُ عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ- رِضْوَانُ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى عَلَيْهِمْ أَجْمَعِينَ- قَالَ: الَّذِي أَلْحَدَ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَبُو طَلْحَةَ، وَالَّذِي أَلْقَى الْقَطِيفَةَ تَحْتَهُ شُقْرَانُ. وَرَوَى ابْنُ سَعْدٍ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ بَسَطَ تَحْتَهُ سَمَلَ قَطِيفَةٍ حَمْرَاءَ كَانَ يَلْبَسُهَا قَالَ: وَكَانَتْ أَرْضًا نَدِيَّةً. وَرَوَى مُسْلِمٌ وَابْنُ سَعْدٍ وَالْبَيْهَقِيُّ عَنْ سَعْدِ بْنِ أَبِي وَقَّاصٍ ؓ قَالَ فِي مَرَضِهِ الَّذِي تُوُفِّيَ فِيهِ: «أَلْحِدُوا لِي لَحْدًا، وَانْصِبُوا عَلَيَّ اللَّبِنَ نَصْبًا كَمَا صُنِعَ بِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ. وَرَوَى الْبَيْهَقِيُّ عَنْ بَعْضِهِمْ وَالْوَاقِدِيُّ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ أَنَّهُ ﷺ نُصِبَ عَلَيْهِ فِي اللَّحْدِ تِسْعُ لَبِنَاتٍ. وَرَوَى ابْنُ سَعْدٍ وَالْبَيْهَقِيُّ عَنْ جَابِرٍ ؓ قَالَ: رُشَّ عَلَى قَبْرِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ الْمَاءُ رَشًّا قَالَ: وَكَانَ الَّذِي رَشَّ عَلَى قَبْرِهِ الْمَاءَ بِلَالُ بْنُ رَبَاحٍ بِقِرْبَةٍ، بَدْءًا مِنْ قِبَلِ رَأْسِهِ مِنْ شِقِّهِ الْأَيْمَنِ حَتَّى انْتَهَى إِلَى رِجْلَيْهِ، ثُمَّ ضَرَبَ الْمَاءَ إِلَى الْجِدَارِ، وَلَمْ يَقْدِرْ عَلَى أَنْ يَدُورَ مِنَ الْجِدَارِ. وَرَوَى الْبَيْهَقِيُّ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ؓ قَالَ: كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مَوْضُوعًا عَلَى سَرِيرِهِ مِنْ حِينِ زَاغَتِ الشَّمْسُ مِنْ يَوْمِ الِاثْنَيْنِ إِلَى أَنْ زَاغَتِ الشَّمْسُ يَوْمَ الثُّلَاثَاءِ، يُصَلِّي النَّاسُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَرِيرُهُ عَلَى شَفِيرِ قَبْرِهِ، فَلَمَّا أَرَادُوا أَنْ يَقْبُرُوهُ- عَلَيْهِ الصَّلَاةُ وَالسَّلَامُ- نَحَّوُا السَّرِيرَ قِبَلَ رِجْلَيْهِ فَأُدْخِلَ مِنْ هُنَاكَ. وَرَوَى ابْنُ سَعْدٍ وَالْبَيْهَقِيُّ عَنْ عَائِشَةَ ؓ قَالَتْ: مَا عَلِمْنَا بِدَفْنِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ حَتَّى سَمِعْنَا صَوْتَ الْمِسَاحِي لَيْلَةَ الثُّلَاثَاءِ فِي السَّحَرِ. وَرَوَى الْبُخَارِيُّ وَابْنُ سَعْدٍ عَنْ أَنَسٍ ؓ قَالَ: لَمَّا دُفِنَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَتْ فَاطِمَةُ- عَلَيْهَا السَّلَامُ-: يَا أَنَسُ، أَطَابَتْ أَنْفُسُكُمْ أَنْ تَحْثُوا عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ التُّرَابَ. وَرَوَى طَاهِرُ بْنُ يَحْيَى بْنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ الْعَلَوِيُّ وَابْنُ الْجَوْزِيِّ فِي «الْوَفَاءِ» عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ ؓ قَالَ: لَمَّا رُمِسَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ جَاءَتْ فَاطِمَةُ ؓ فَوَقَفَتْ عَلَى قَبْرِهِ وَأَخَذَتْ قَبْضَةً مِنْ تُرَابِ الْقَبْرِ فَوَضَعَتْهُ عَلَى عَيْنَيْهَا وَبَكَتْ، وَأَنْشَأَتْ تَقُولُ: مَاذَا عَلَى مَنْ شَمَّ تُرْبَةَ أَحْمَدٍ أَنْ لَا يَشُمَّ مَدَى الزَّمَانِ غَوَالِيَا صُبَّتْ عَلَيَّ مَصَائِبٌ لَوْ أَنَّهَا صُبَّتْ عَلَى الْأَيَّامِ عُدْنَ لَيَالِيَا
Translation
✧ The description of his burial, peace and blessings be upon him, and where he was buried, and mention of the disagreement whether his burial was at night or during the day. Ibn Kathīr said: The sound and well-known position of the majority is that he ﷺ died on Monday and was buried on Wednesday. Yaʿqūb b. Sufyān narrated from Abū Jaʿfar that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ died on Monday, and he remained that day and that night and the day of Tuesday until the end of the day. Ibn Kathīr said: This is an odd statement. Yaʿqūb also narrated from Makḥūl who said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ remained three days without being buried. Ibn Kathīr said: Odd; but the sound position is that he remained the rest of Monday, all of Tuesday, and was buried on Wednesday night. Even more odd is what Sayf narrated from Hishām that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ was buried on Tuesday. The reason for delaying his burial, although the sunnah is to hasten it, was their failure to agree on his death. Ibn Saʿd, Ibn Mājah, and Abū Yaʿlā narrated from Ibn ʿAbbās ؓ who said: When the preparation of the body of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ was completed on Tuesday, he was placed on his bier in his house. The Muslims had differed about his burial. One said: We bury him with his companions in al-Baqīʿ. Another said: Bury him in his mosque. Abū Bakr said: I heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ say: “No prophet is taken except he is buried where he is taken.” So the bed of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ on which he died was lifted, and they dug for him beneath it. Abū Yaʿlā and Ibn Mājah narrated from Ibn ʿAbbās ؓ who said: When they wanted to dig for the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, al-ʿAbbās summoned two men. He said to one of them: Go to Abū ʿUbaydah b. al-Jarrāḥ, for he used to dig a trench grave (ḍarḥ) for the people of Makkah. He said to the other: Go to Abū Ṭalḥah, for he was the one who dug for the people of Madinah, and he used to dig a side-niche grave (laḥd). They said: O Allah, choose for Your Messenger. They found Abū Ṭalḥah and he was brought, but Abū ʿUbaydah was not found. So a side-niche grave was dug for the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. Then the Messenger of Allah ﷺ was buried in the middle of the night of Wednesday. ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālib, al-Faḍl and Qutham b. ʿAbbās, and Shuqrān the freedman of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, descended into his grave. Aws b. Khawlī, who was Abū Laylā, said to ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālib: I adjure you by Allah and by our share of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. ʿAlī said to him: Go down. Shuqrān, his freedman, took a red velvet cloth which the Messenger of Allah ﷺ used to wear, and buried it in the grave. He said: By Allah, no one will ever wear it after you. So it was buried with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. Ibn Saʿd narrated something similar from Abū Ṭalḥah ؓ. Al-Imām al-Shāfiʿī ؓ narrated that he said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ was interred from the direction of his head. Al-Imām Aḥmad, Muslim, al-Tirmidhī (who graded it ḥasan), al-Nasāʾī, and Ibn Saʿd narrated from Ibn ʿAbbās ؓ that he said: A red velvet cloth was placed beneath the Messenger of Allah ﷺ in his grave. Ibn Saʿd narrated that Wakīʿ said: This is specific to the Prophet ﷺ. Ibn Saʿd narrated—with trustworthy narrators—from al-Ḥasan who said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: “Spread my velvet cloth for me in my side-niche grave, for the earth has not been given power over the bodies of the prophets.” Al-Tirmidhī narrated and graded ḥasan from Jaʿfar b. Muḥammad, from his father—may the pleasure of Allah Almighty be upon them all—who said: The one who dug the side-niche grave for the Messenger of Allah ﷺ was Abū Ṭalḥah, and the one who placed the velvet cloth beneath him was Shuqrān. Ibn Saʿd narrated from al-Ḥasan that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ had spread beneath him an old red velvet cloth which he used to wear. He said: The ground was damp. Muslim, Ibn Saʿd, and al-Bayhaqī narrated from Saʿd b. Abī Waqqāṣ ؓ that he said during his illness in which he died: “Dig a side-niche grave for me and arrange bricks over me as was done for the Messenger of Allah ﷺ.” Al-Bayhaqī narrated from some of them, and al-Wāqidī from ʿAlī b. al-Ḥusayn, that nine bricks were placed over him ﷺ in the side-niche grave. Ibn Saʿd and al-Bayhaqī narrated from Jābir ؓ who said: Water was sprinkled over the grave of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. He said: The one who sprinkled water over his grave was Bilāl b. Rabāḥ, with a water-skin, beginning from the direction of his head on his right side until he reached his feet, then he threw the water against the wall, and he could not go around from the wall. Al-Bayhaqī narrated from Ibn ʿAbbās ؓ who said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ was placed on his bier from when the sun declined on Monday until the sun declined on Tuesday, with the people praying over him while his bier was at the edge of his grave. When they wanted to bury him—peace and blessings be upon him—they moved the bier toward his feet, and he was brought in from there. Ibn Saʿd and al-Bayhaqī narrated from ʿĀʾishah ؓ that she said: We did not know of the burial of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ until we heard the sound of the shovels on Tuesday night in the pre-dawn darkness. Al-Bukhārī and Ibn Saʿd narrated from Anas ؓ who said: When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ was buried, Fāṭimah—peace be upon her—said: O Anas, were your souls content to throw dust over the Messenger of Allah ﷺ? Ṭāhir b. Yaḥyā b. al-Ḥasan b. Jaʿfar al-ʿAlawī and Ibn al-Jawzī in “al-Wafāʾ” narrated from ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālib ؓ who said: When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ was buried, Fāṭimah ؓ came and stood at his grave. She took a handful of earth from the grave and placed it on her eyes and wept, and she began to say: What is upon one who smells the soil of Aḥmad that he should not smell, for all time, costly perfumes? Calamities have been poured upon me which, had they been poured upon the days, they would have turned into nights.
Grades by grader
No grade is recorded for this wording.