Tarikh (al-Tabari) 1767
The illness of the Prophet ﷺ and his death
[ مَوْقِفُ أَبِي بَكْرٍ بَعْدَ وَفَاةِ الرَّسُولِ ] رَوَى الْبَزَّارُ وَالْبَلَاذُرِيُّ وَبَقِيُّ بْنُ مَخْلَدٍ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ وَابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، وَأَبُو يَعْلَى وَأَحْمَدُ بِرِجَالٍ ثِقَاتٍ وَالطَّيَالِسِيُّ وَالتِّرْمِذِيُّ فِي «الشَّمَائِلِ». - بِإِسْنَادٍ حَسَنٍ- عَنْ عَائِشَةَ وَالطَّبَرَانِيُّ بِرِجَالٍ ثِقَاتٍ عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ وَإِسْحَاقَ بْنِ رَاهَوَيْهِ عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ وَعَبْدِ بْنِ حُمَيْدٍ بِسَنَدٍ صَحِيحٍ عَنْ سَالِمِ بْنِ عُبَيْدٍ الصَّحَابِيِّ، أَنَّ الصَّحَابَةَ ؓ أَرْسَلُوهُ خَلْفَ أَبِي بَكْرٍ وَفِي لَفْظٍ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ لَمَّا خَرَجَ يَوْمَ الِاثْنَيْنِ قَالَ لَهُ أَبُو بَكْرٍ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ وَفِي لَفْظٍ: «أَصْبَحَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَوْمَ الِاثْنَيْنِ خَفِيفًا فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ: أَرَاكَ قَدْ أَصْبَحَتْ بِنِعْمَةٍ مِنَ اللَّهِ وَفَضْلٍ كَمَا تُحِبُّ، وَالْيَوْمُ يَوْمُ ابْنَةِ خَارِجَةَ يَعْنِي: امْرَأَتَهُ أَفَآتِهَا قَالَ: نَعَمْ، ثُمَّ دَخَلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَرَجَعَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ إِلَى أَهْلِهِ بِالسُّنُحِ فَلَمَّا مَاتَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ سُجِّيَ بِثَوْبٍ وَجَاءَ عُمَرُ فَاسْتَأْذَنَ عَلَى عَائِشَةَ وَمَعَهُ الْمُغِيرَةُ بْنُ شُعْبَةَ، فَأَذِنْتُ لَهُمَا وَمَدَّتِ الْحِجَابَ، فَقَالَ عُمَرُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ فَقَالَتْ: عَائِشَةُ غُشِيَ عَلَيْهِ مُذْ سَاعَةٍ، فَكَشَفَ عَنْ وَجْهِهِ وَقَالَ: وَاغَشْيَاهْ مَا أَشَدَّ غَشْيَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَفِي لَفْظٍ: دَخَلَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَجَعَلَ يُرَاوِحُ بَيْنَ حُزْنِهِ مَيْلًا وَجَعَلَ يَقُولُ: وَانَبِيَّاهْ وَاصَفِيَّاهْ ثُمَّ غَطَّاهُ، وَلَمْ يَتَكَلَّمِ الْمُغِيرَةُ، فَلَمَّا أَنْ دَنَوْا مِنْ عَتَبَةِ الْبَابِ قَالَ: مَاتَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَا عُمَرُ: فَقَالَ عُمَرُ: كَذَبْتَ، مَا مَاتَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَاللَّهِ لَا يَمُوتُ حَتَّى يُؤْمَرَ بِقِتَالِ الْمُنَافِقِينَ، وَلَكِنَّهُ ذَهَبَ إِلَى رَبِّهِ كَمَا ذَهَبَ مُوسَى إِلَى رَبِّهِ، وَغَابَ عَنْ قَوْمِهِ أَرْبَعِينَ لَيْلَةً، وَاللَّهِ لَيَرْجِعَنَّ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَلَيُقَطِّعَنَّ أَيْدِي رِجَالِ وَأَرْجُلَهُمْ وَأَلْسِنَتَهُمْ، وَتَكَلَّمَ حَتَّى أَزْبَدَ شِدْقَاهُ: بَلْ أَنْتَ امْرُؤْ تَحُوشُكَ فِتْنَةٌ وَابْنُ أُمِّ مَكْتُومٍ فِي مُؤَخَّرَةِ الْمَسْجِدِ يَقْرَأُ وَمَا مُحَمَّدٌ إِلا رَسُولٌ قَدْ خَلَتْ مِنْ قَبْلِهِ الرُّسُلُ [آلِ عِمْرَانَ 144] وَالنَّاسُ يَمُوجُونَ وَيَبْكُونَ وَلَا يَسْمَعُونَ، فَخَرَجَ عَبَّاسُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ عَلَى النَّاسِ فَقَالَ: يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ هَلْ عِنْدَ أَحَدٍ مِنْكُمْ مِنْ عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَلْيُحَدِّثْنَا قَالُوا: لَا. قَالَ: هَلْ عِنْدَكَ يَا عُمَرُ مِنْ عِلْمٍ ؟ قَالَ: لَا. فَقَالَ الْعَبَّاسُ: أَشْهَدُ أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ أَنَّ أَحَدًا لَا يَشْهَدُ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِعَهْدٍ عَهِدَهُ إِلَيَّ فِي وَفَاتِهِ، وَاللَّهِ الَّذِي لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا هُوَ فَقَدْ ذَاقَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ الْمَوْتَ، فَادْفِنُوا صَاحِبَكُمْ أَيَمُتْ أَحَدُكُمْ إِمَاتَةً وَيُمِيتُهُ إِمَاتَتَيْنِ، هُوَ أَكْرَمُ عَلَى اللَّهِ مِنْ ذَلِكَ فَإِنْ كَانَ كَمَا تَقُولُونَ فَلَيْسَ عَلَى اللَّهِ بِعَزِيزٍ أَنَّ عَنْهُ التُّرَابَ فَيُخْرِجُهُ إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ، مَا مَاتَ حَتَّى تَرَكَ السَّبِيلَ نَهْجًا وَاضِحًا، أَحَلَّ الْحَلَالَ، وَحَرَّمَ الْحَرَامَ، وَنَكَحَ وَطَلَّقَ، وَحَارَبَ وَسَالَمَ، وَمَا كَانَ رَاعِي غَنَمٍ يَتْبَعُ بِهَا صَاحِبُهَا رُؤُوسَ الْجِبَالِ يَخْبِطُ عَلَيْهَا الْعِضَاةَ بِمِخْبَطِهِ يَحْدُرُ حَوْضَهَا بِيَدِهِ بِأَنْصَبَ وَلَا أَدْأَبَ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ كَانَ فِيكُمْ، فَذَهَبَ سَالِمُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ وَرَاءَ أَبِي بَكْرٍ إِلَى السُّنُحِ فَأَعْلَمَهُ بِمَوْتِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَلَمَّا بَلَغَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ الْخَبَرُ وَهُوَ بِالسُّنُحِ أَقْبَلَ عَلَى فَرَسٍ حَتَّى نَزَلَ عَلَى بَابِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَعُمَرُ يُكَلِّمُ النَّاسَ فَلَمْ يَلْتَفِتْ إِلَى شَيْءٍ حَتَّى دَخَلَ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي بَيْتِ عَائِشَةَ وَرَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مُسَجًّى فِي نَاحِيَةِ الْبَيْتِ عَلَيْهِ بُرْدٌ حِبَرَةٌ. زَادَ أَبُو الرَّبِيعِ وَأَبُو الْيَمَنِ بْنُ عَسَاكِرَ فِي «إِتْحَافِ الزَّائِرِ» وَعَيْنَاهُ تُهْمِلَانِ وَزَفَرَاتُهُ تَتَرَدَّدُ فِي صَدْرِهِ وَعُصُصُهُ تَرْتَفِعُ كَقِطَعِ الْحَرَّةِ، وَهُوَ فِي ذَلِكَ جَلْدُ الْعَقْلِ وَالْمَقَالَةِ حَتَّى دَخَلَ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَكَشَفَ عَنْ وَجْهِهِ وَمَسَحَ وَقَبَّلَ بَيْنَ عَيْنَيْهِ، وَجَعَلَ يَبْكِي وَيَقُولُ: بِأَبِي أَنْتَ وَأُمِّي طِبْتَ حَيًّا وَمَيِّتًا، وَانْقَطَعَ لِمَوْتِكَ مَا لَمْ يَنْقَطِعْ لِمَوْتِ أَحَدٍ مِنَ الْأَنْبِيَاءِ، فَعَظُمْتَ عَنِ الصِّفَةِ، وَجَلَلْتَ عَنِ الْبُكَاءِ وَحَصَصْتَ حَتَّى صِرْتَ مَسْلَاةً وَعَمَمْتَ حَتَّى صِرْتَ فِينَا سَوَاءً، وَلَوْلَا أَنَّ مَوْتَكَ كَانَ اخْتِبَارًا لَجُدْنَا لِمَوْتِكَ بِالنُّفُوسِ، وَلَوْلَا أَنَّكَ نَهَيْتَ عَنِ الْبُكَاءِ عَلَيْكَ [لَأَنْفَذْنَا عَلَيْكَ] مَاءَ [الْعُيُونِ]، فَأَمَّا مَا لَا نَسْتَطِيعُ نَفْيَهُ فَفِيهِ كَمَدٌ وَإِدْنَافٌ يَتَخَالَفَانِ لَا يَبْرَحَانِ، اللَّهُمَّ فَأَبْلِغْهُ عَنَّا، اذْكُرْنَا يَا مُحَمَّدُ عِنْدَ رَبِّكَ وَلْتَكُنْ مَنْ جَاءَ لَكَ فَلَوْلَا مَا خَلَّفْتَ مِنَ السِّكِّينَةِ لَمْ تُعِمَّ لِمَا خَلَّفْتَ مِنَ الْوَحْشَةِ، اللَّهُمَّ أَبْلِغْ نَبِيَّكَ عَنَّا وَاحْفَظْهُ مَيِّتًا ثُمَّ صَرَخَ. انْتَهَى. وَفِي حَدِيثِ عَائِشَةَ عِنْدَ ابْنِ سَعْدٍ وَأَبِي يَعْلَى وَأَحْمَدَ بِرِجَالٍ ثِقَاتٍ أَنَّ أَبَا بَكْرٍ لَمَّا رَأَى رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: إِنَّا لِلَّهِ وَإِنَّا إِلَيْهِ رَاجِعُونَ، مَاتَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ ثُمَّ تَحَوَّلَ مِنْ قِبَلِ رَأْسِهِ فَقَالَ: وَانَبِيَّاهْ، ثُمَّ حَدَرَ فَمَهُ وَقَبَّلَ وَجْهَهُ ثُمَّ [قَالَ: وَاصَفِيَّاهْ ثُمَّ] رَفَعَ رَأْسَهُ وَحَدَرَ فَمَهُ وَقَبَّلَ جَبْهَتَهُ وَقَالَ: وَاخَلِيلَاهْ، مَاتَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَفِي حَدِيثِ عَائِشَةَ عِنْدَ أَبِي يَعْلَى وَأَحْمَدَ فَقَالَ: كَيْفَ تَرَيْنَ ؟ قَالَتْ: غُشِيَ عَلَيْهِ فَدَنَا مِنْهُ فَكَشَفَ عَنْ وَجْهِهِ فَقَالَ: يَا غَشَيَاهُ مَا أَكُونُ هَذَا الْغَشْيُ، ثُمَّ كَشَفَ عَنْ وَجْهِهِ فَعَرَفَ الْمَوْتَ فَقَالَ: إِنَّا لِلَّهِ وَإِنَّا إِلَيْهِ رَاجِعُونَ ثُمَّ بَكَى قَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ: فَقُلْتُ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ انْقِطَاعُ الْوَحْيِ وَدُخُولِ جِبْرِيلَ بَيْتِي، ثُمَّ وَضَعَ يَدَيْهِ عَلَى صُدْغَيْهِ وَوَضَعَ فَاهُ عَلَى جَبْهَتِهِ فَبَكَى حَتَّى سَالَتْ دُمُوعُهُ عَلَى وَجْهِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَفِي لَفْظٍ ثُمَّ أَقْبَلَ عَلَيْهِ فَقَبَّلَهُ ثُمَّ قَالَ: بِأَبِي وَأُمِّي أَمَّا الْمَوْتَةُ الَّتِي كَتَبَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْكَ فَقَدْ مُتَّهَا فَلَنْ يُصِيبَكَ بَعْدَهَا مَوْتَةٌ أَبَدًا، ثُمَّ رَدَّ الْبُرْدَ عَلَى وَجْهِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ ثُمَّ خَرَجَ إِلَى النَّاسِ. زَادَ أَبُو الرَّبِيعِ: وَهُمْ فِي خَطْبِهِمْ غَمَرَاتُهُمْ وَشَدِيدُ سَكَرَاتِهِمْ، ثُمَّ خَرَجَ عُمَرُ يُكَلِّمُ النَّاسَ فَقَالَ: عَلَى رِسْلِكَ يَا عُمَرُ أَنْصِتْ ثَلَاثَ مَرَّاتٍ فَأَبَى إِلَّا أَنْ يَتَكَلَّمَ، فَلَمَّا رَآهُ أَبُو بَكْرٍ لَا يُنْصِتُ أَقْبَلَ عَلَى النَّاسِ، فَلَمَّا سَمِعَ النَّاسُ كَلَامَهُ أَقْبَلُوا عَلَيْهِ وَتَرَكُوا عُمَرَ، وَصَعِدَ الْمِنْبَرَ فَحَمِدَ اللَّهَ وَأَثْنَى عَلَيْهِ. زَادَ أَبُو الرَّبِيعِ وَأَبُو الْيَمَنِ، ثُمَّ خَطَبَ خُطْبَةً جُلُّهَا الصَّلَاةُ عَلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ وَقَالَ فِيهَا: أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ وَحْدَهُ لَا شَرِيكَ لَهُ، وَأَشْهَدُ أَنَّ سَيِّدَنَا مُحَمَّدًا عَبْدُهُ وَرَسُولُهُ، وَخَاتَمُ أَنْبِيَائِهِ، وَأَشْهَدُ أَنَّ الْكِتَابَ كَمَا نُزِّلَ، وَأَنَّ الدِّينَ كَمَا شُرِعَ وَأَنَّ الْحَدِيثَ كَمَا حُدِّثَ، وَأَنَّ الْقَوْلَ كَمَا قَالَ، وَأَنَّ اللَّهَ هُوَ الْحَقُّ الْمُبِينُ، فِي كَلَامٍ طَوِيلٍ انْتَهَى. ثُمَّ قَالَ: أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ إِنَّهُ مَنْ كَانَ يَعْبُدُ مُحَمَّدًا فَإِنَّ مُحَمَّدًا قَدْ مَاتَ، وَمَنْ كَانَ يَعْبُدُ اللَّهَ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ حَيٌّ لَا يَمُوتُ ثُمَّ تَلَا هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ: وَمَا مُحَمَّدٌ إِلا رَسُولٌ قَدْ خَلَتْ مِنْ قَبْلِهِ الرُّسُلُ أَفَإِنْ مَاتَ أَوْ قُتِلَ انْقَلَبْتُمْ عَلَى أَعْقَابِكُمْ وَمَنْ يَنْقَلِبْ عَلَى عَقِبَيْهِ فَلَنْ يَضُرَّ اللَّهَ شَيْئًا وَسَيَجْزِي اللَّهَ الشَّاكِرِينَ [آلِ عِمْرَانَ 144]. زَادَ ابْنُ عُقْبَةَ وَقَالَ: إِنَّكَ مَيِّتٌ [الزُّمَرِ 30] وَقَالَ: كُلُّ نَفْسٍ ذَائِقَةُ الْمَوْتِ [آلِ عِمْرَانَ 185] وَقَالَ: كُلُّ شَيْءٍ هَالِكٌ إِلا وَجْهَهُ [الْقَصَصِ 88] كُلُّ مَنْ عَلَيْهَا فَانٍ وَيَبْقَى وَجْهُ رَبِّكَ ذُو الْجَلالِ وَالإِكْرَامِ [الرَّحْمَنِ 26، 27] زَادَ أَبُو الرَّبِيعِ وَأَبُو الْيَمَنِ: إِنَّ اللَّهَ قَدْ تَقَدَّمَ لَكُمْ فِي أَمْرِهِ فَلَا تَدْعُوهُ جَزَعًا، وَأَنَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى قَدِ اخْتَارَ لِنَبِيِّهِ مَا عِنْدَهُ عَلَى مَا عِنْدَكُمْ مَا عِنْدَكُمْ يَنْفَدُ وَمَا عِنْدَ اللَّهِ بَاقٍ [النَّحْلِ 96] وَقَبَضَهُ إِلَى ثَوَابِهِ، وَخَلَّفَ فِيكُمْ كِتَابَهُ وَسُنَّةَ رَسُولِهِ، فَمَنْ أَخَذَ بِهِمَا عَرَفَ، وَمَنْ فَرَّقَ بَيْنَهُمَا أَنْكَرَ، يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا كُونُوا قَوَّامِينَ بِالْقِسْطِ شُهَدَاءَ لِلَّهِ [النِّسَاءِ 135] لَا يَشْغَلَنَّكُمُ الشَّيْطَانُ بِمَوْتِ نَبِيِّكُمْ وَلَا يَلْفِتَنَّكُمْ عَنْ دِينِكُمْ، وَعَالِجُوا الشَّيْطَانَ بِالْخِزْيِ تُعْجِزُوهُ وَلَا تَسْتَنْظِرُوهُ فَيَلْحَقُ بِكُمْ، انْتَهَى. زَادَ ابْنُ عُقْبَةَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَمَّرَ مُحَمَّدًا وَأَبْقَاهُ حَتَّى أَقَامَ دِينَ اللَّهِ وَأَظْهَرَ أَمْرَ اللَّهِ وَبَلَّغَ رِسَالَةَ اللَّهِ وَجَاهَدَ أَعْدَاءَ اللَّهِ حَتَّى تَوَفَّاهُ اللَّهُ صَلَوَاتُ اللَّهِ وَسَلَامُهُ عَلَيْهِ وَهُوَ عَلَى ذَلِكَ وَتَرَكَكُمْ عَلَى الطَّرِيقَةِ فَلَنْ يَهْلَكَ هَالِكٌ إِلَّا مِنْ بَعْدِ الْبَيِّنَةِ [وَالشِّفَاءِ فَمَنْ كَانَ اللَّهُ رَبَّهُ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ حَيٌّ لَا يَمُوتُ، وَمَنْ كَانَ يَعْبُدُ مُحَمَّدًا وَيُنْزِلُهُ إِلَهًا فَقَدْ هَلَكَ إِلَهُهُ] فَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ وَاعْتَصِمُوا بِدِينِكُمْ، وَتَوَكَّلُوا عَلَى رَبِّكُمْ، فَإِنَّ دِينَ اللَّهِ قَائِمٌ وَكَلِمَتَهُ بَاقِيَةٌ، وَإِنَّ اللَّهَ نَاصِرٌ مَنْ نَصَرَهُ وَمُعِزُّ دِينِهِ وَأَنَّ كِتَابَ اللَّهِ بَيْنَ أَظْهُرِنَا وَهُوَ النُّورُ وَالشِّفَاءُ، وَبِهِ هَدَى اللَّهُ مُحَمَّدًا ﷺ وَفِيهِ حَلَالُ اللَّهِ وَحَرَامُهُ وَاللَّهِ لَا نُبَالِي مَنْ أَجْلَبَ عَلَيْنَا مِنْ خَلْقِ اللَّهِ، إِنَّ سُيُوفَ اللَّهِ لَمَسْلُولَةٌ، مَا وَضَعْنَاهَا بَعْدُ وَلَنُجَاهِدَنَّ مَنْ خَالَفَنَا كَمَا جَاهَدْنَا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَلَا يُبْقِيَنِّ أَحَدٌ إِلَّا عَلَى نَفْسِهِ. انْتَهَى. وَفِي لَفْظٍ فَوَاللَّهِ لَكَأَنَّ النَّاسَ لَمْ يَعْلَمُوا أَنَّ الْآيَةَ نَزَلَتْ [إِلَّا] حِينَ تَلَاهَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ يَوْمَئِذٍ فَأَخَذَهَا النَّاسُ عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرٍ فَإِنَّمَا هِيَ فِي أَفْوَاهِهِمْ، فَلَمَّا تَلَاهَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَيْقَنَ النَّاسُ بِمَوْتِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَتَلَقَّاهَا كَثِيرٌ مِنَ النَّاسِ مِنْ أَبِي بَكْرٍ حَتَّى تَلَاهَا. قَالَ عُمَرُ- ؓ – فَوَاللَّهِ مَا هُوَ إِلَّا أَنْ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا بَكْرٍ يَتْلُوهَا فَعُقِرْتُ وَأَنَا قَائِمٌ حَتَّى وَقَعْتُ عَلَى الْأَرْضِ مَا تَحْمِلُنِي رِجْلَايَ، وَعَرَفْتُ حِينَ تَلَاهَا أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَدْ مَاتَ. زَادَ أَبُو الرَّبِيعِ فَلَمَّا فَرَغَ مِنْ خُطْبَتِهِ الْتَفَتُّ إِلَى عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ ؓ فَقَالَ: يَا عُمَرُ أَنْتَ الَّذِي تَقُولُ عَلَى بَابِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ: وَالَّذِي نَفْسِي بِيَدِهِ مَا مَاتَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ، أَمَا عَلِمْتَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ يَوْمَ كَذَا وَكَذَا، أَوْ قَالَ يَوْمَ كَذَا كَذَا وَكَذَا، وَقَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى فِي كِتَابِهِ إِنَّكَ مَيِّتٌ وَإِنَّهُمْ مَيِّتُونَ [الزُّمَرِ 30] فَقَالَ عُمَرُ: لَكَأَنِّي وَاللَّهِ لَمْ أَسْمَعْ بِهَا فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى قَبْلَ ذَلِكَ لِمَا نُزِّلَ بِنَا، أَشْهَدُ أَنَّ الْكِتَابَ كَمَا نُزِّلَ، وَأَنَّ الْحَدِيثَ كَمَا حُدِّثَ، وَأَنَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى حَيٌّ لَا يَمُوتُ- صَلَوَاتُ اللَّهِ وَسَلَامُهُ عَلَى رَسُولِهِ- وَعِنْدَ اللَّهِ تُحْتَسَبُ رَسُولُهُ وَرَوَى ابْنُ إِسْحَاقَ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ؓ أَنَّ عُمَرَ ؓ قَالَ لَهُ فِي خِلَافَتِهِ: هَلْ تَدْرِي مَا حَمَلَنِي عَلَى مَقَالَتِي الَّتِي قُلْتُ حِينَ تُوُفِّيَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: قُلْتُ: لَا أَدْرِي يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ أَنْتَ أَعْلَمُ قَالَ: فَإِنَّهُ وَاللَّهِ مَا حَمَلَنِي عَلَى ذَلِكَ إِلَّا أَنِّي كُنْتُ أَقْرَأُ هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ: وَكَذَلِكَ جَعَلْنَاكُمْ أُمَّةً وَسَطًا لِتَكُونُوا شُهَدَاءَ عَلَى النَّاسِ وَيَكُونَ الرَّسُولُ عَلَيْكُمْ شَهِيدًا [الْبَقَرَةِ 143] فَوَاللَّهِ إِنِّي كُنْتُ لَا أَظُنُّ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ سَيَبْقَى فِي أُمَّتِهِ حَتَّى تَشْهَدَ عَلَيْهَا بِآخِرِ أَعْمَالِهَا، فَإِنَّهُ الَّذِي حَمَلَنِي عَلَى أَنْ قُلْتُ مَا قُلْتُ.
Translation
✧ [The stance of Abū Bakr after the death of the Messenger] Al-Bazzār, al-Balādhurī, and Baqī b. Makhlad narrated from Abū Hurayrah and Ibn ʿAbbās; Abū Yaʿlā and Aḥmad with trustworthy narrators, al-Ṭayālisī and al-Tirmidhī in al-Shamāʾil — with a ḥasan chain — from ʿĀʾishah; and al-Ṭabarānī with trustworthy narrators from ʿIkrimah from Ibn ʿAbbās; and Isḥāq b. Rāhawayh from ʿIkrimah; and ʿAbd b. Ḥumayd with a ṣaḥīḥ chain from Sālim b. ʿUbayd, the Companion, that the Companions ؓ sent him after Abū Bakr. In one wording: that when the Messenger of Allah ﷺ went out on Monday, Abū Bakr said to him: "O Messenger of Allah." And in another wording: "The Messenger of Allah ﷺ awoke on Monday feeling light, so Abū Bakr said: 'O Messenger of Allah, I see that you have arisen in a blessing from Allah and bounty as you like. Today is the day of Ibnat Khārijah' — meaning his wife — 'shall I go to her?' He said: 'Yes.' Then the Messenger of Allah ﷺ entered, and Abū Bakr returned to his family in al-Sunḥ. When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ died, he was covered with a cloth. ʿUmar came and asked permission from ʿĀʾishah, and with him was al-Mughīrah b. Shuʿbah. She permitted them both, and she drew the curtain. ʿUmar said: 'O Messenger of Allah.' ʿĀʾishah said: 'He has been in a swoon for a while.' He uncovered his face and said: 'What a swoon! How severe is the swoon of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ.' In another wording: Abū Bakr entered upon the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and began alternating between grief and inclination, saying: 'Alas for the Prophet! Alas for the chosen one!' Then he covered him. Al-Mughīrah did not speak. When they came near the threshold of the door, he said: 'The Messenger of Allah ﷺ has died, O ʿUmar.' ʿUmar said: 'You lie. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ has not died. By Allah, he will not die until he is commanded to fight the hypocrites. But he has gone to his Lord as Moses went to his Lord, and was absent from his people for forty nights. By Allah, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ will return and will cut off the hands of men and their feet and their tongues.' He spoke until the corners of his mouth frothed: 'Rather, you are a man whom discord entices.' And Ibn Umm Maktūm at the back of the mosque was reciting: 'Muḥammad is only a messenger; messengers have passed away before him' [Āl ʿImrān 144]. The people were surging and weeping and not listening. Al-ʿAbbās b. ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib went out to the people and said: 'O people, does anyone among you have any covenant from the Messenger of Allah ﷺ? Let him tell us.' They said: 'No.' He said: 'Do you have any knowledge, O ʿUmar?' He said: 'No.' Al-ʿAbbās said: 'I bear witness, O people, that no one bears witness from the Messenger of Allah ﷺ to any covenant he made to me concerning his death. By Allah, besides whom there is no god, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ has tasted death. So bury your companion. Would any of you die one death while He causes him to die two deaths? He is nobler with Allah than that. If it is as you say, it is not difficult for Allah concerning him to [remove] the dust and bring him out, if Allah wills. He did not die until he left the path clear and manifest: he made lawful the lawful, forbade the forbidden, married and divorced, fought and made peace. No shepherd who followed with his sheep to the tops of mountains, striking the acacia trees with his staff and drawing its water trough with his hand, was more diligent or more tireless than the Messenger of Allah ﷺ among you.' So Sālim b. ʿUbayd went after Abū Bakr to al-Sunḥ and informed him of the death of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. When the news reached Abū Bakr while he was in al-Sunḥ, he came on a horse until he dismounted at the door of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ while ʿUmar was speaking to the people. He paid no attention to anything until he entered upon the Messenger of Allah ﷺ in ʿĀʾishah's house, and the Messenger of Allah ﷺ was covered in a corner of the house with a striped Yemeni cloak over him. Abū al-Rabīʿ and Abū al-Yaman b. ʿAsākir added in Itḥāf al-Zāʾir: And his eyes were flowing, and his sighs were repeated in his chest, and his sides rose like pieces of volcanic rock, yet he was firm in mind and speech until he entered upon the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. He uncovered his face, wiped it, and kissed between his eyes. He began to weep and say: 'May my father and mother be your ransom. You were good alive and dead. By your death was cut off what was not cut off by the death of any of the prophets. You were too great for description, too sublime for weeping. You were made unique until you became a consolation, and you were universal until you became equal among us. Were it not that your death was a trial, we would have given our souls for your death. Were it not that you forbade weeping over you, we would have poured forth the water of [our] eyes. As for what we cannot deny, in it is grief and lingering illness that alternate and do not cease. O Allah, convey it from us. Remember us, O Muḥammad, with your Lord, and let whoever comes to you [know]. Were it not for the tranquility you left behind, the desolation you left would not be endured. O Allah, convey to Your Prophet from us, and preserve him dead.' Then he cried out. End. In the ḥadīth of ʿĀʾishah according to Ibn Saʿd, Abū Yaʿlā, and Aḥmad with trustworthy narrators: When Abū Bakr saw the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, he said: 'Indeed we belong to Allah, and indeed to Him we return. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ has died.' Then he moved from the direction of his head and said: 'Alas for the Prophet!' Then he lowered his mouth and kissed his face, then said: 'Alas for the chosen one!' Then he raised his head, lowered his mouth, and kissed his forehead, saying: 'Alas for the intimate friend! The Messenger of Allah ﷺ has died.' In the ḥadīth of ʿĀʾishah according to Abū Yaʿlā and Aḥmad: He said: 'How do you see him?' She said: 'He has swooned.' He approached him, uncovered his face, and said: 'What a swoon! What is this swoon?' Then he uncovered his face and recognized death, and said: 'Indeed we belong to Allah, and indeed to Him we return.' Then he wept. ʿĀʾishah said: 'I said: For the sake of Allah, the cutting off of revelation and the entry of Gabriel into my house!' Then he placed his hands on his temples and placed his mouth on his forehead and wept until his tears flowed onto the face of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. In another wording: Then he turned to him and kissed him, then said: 'May my father and mother be your ransom. As for the death that Allah decreed for you, you have died it, and no death will ever befall you after it.' Then he returned the cloak over the face of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and went out to the people. Abū al-Rabīʿ added: And they were in their speech, overwhelmed and in severe stupor. Then ʿUmar went out speaking to the people. He [Abū Bakr] said: 'Gently, O ʿUmar, be silent' three times, but he insisted on speaking. When Abū Bakr saw that he would not be silent, he turned to the people. When the people heard his speech, they turned to him and left ʿUmar. He ascended the pulpit, praised Allah, and extolled Him. Abū al-Rabīʿ and Abū al-Yaman added: Then he delivered a sermon, most of which was blessing upon the Prophet ﷺ, and in it he said: I bear witness that there is no god but Allah alone with no partner, and I bear witness that our master Muḥammad is His servant and messenger, and the seal of His prophets. I bear witness that the Book is as it was revealed, that the religion is as it was legislated, that the ḥadīth is as it was narrated, that the saying is as it was said, and that Allah is the Clear Truth — in long speech. End. Then he said: 'O people, whoever worshipped Muḥammad, Muḥammad has died. Whoever worshipped Allah, Allah is alive and does not die.' Then he recited this verse: 'Muḥammad is only a messenger; messengers have passed away before him. If he dies or is killed, will you turn back on your heels? Whoever turns back on his heels will not harm Allah at all, and Allah will reward the grateful' [Āl ʿImrān 144]. Ibn ʿUqbah added: And he said: 'Indeed you will die' [al-Zumar 30], and he said: 'Every soul will taste death' [Āl ʿImrān 185], and he said: 'Everything will perish except His face' [al-Qaṣaṣ 88], 'Everyone upon it will perish, and the face of your Lord, full of majesty and honor, will remain' [al-Raḥmān 26, 27]. Abū al-Rabīʿ and Abū al-Yaman added: 'Allah has already instructed you in His matter, so do not call Him with anguish. Allah, exalted is He, has chosen for His Prophet what is with Him over what is with you. What is with you will end, and what is with Allah will remain' [al-Naḥl 96]. He took him to His reward, and left among you His Book and the Sunnah of His Messenger. Whoever holds to both will know, and whoever separates them will deny. 'O you who believe, be steadfast in equity, witnesses for Allah' [al-Nisāʾ 135]. Let not Satan preoccupy you with the death of your Prophet, nor turn you away from your religion. Confront Satan with disgrace and you will thwart him; do not give him respite, lest he catch up with you. End. Ibn ʿUqbah added: Allah granted Muḥammad long life and kept him until he established the religion of Allah, made manifest the command of Allah, conveyed the message of Allah, and strove against the enemies of Allah until Allah took him, may the blessings of Allah and His ﷺ, while he was upon that, and left you upon the path. No one will perish except after clear proof [and healing. Whoever has Allah as his Lord, Allah is alive and does not die. Whoever worshipped Muḥammad and made him a god, his god has perished]. Fear Allah, O people, and hold fast to your religion, and trust in your Lord. For the religion of Allah is established and His word is enduring. Allah will support whoever supports Him and honor His religion. The Book of Allah is among us, and it is the light and the healing, by which Allah guided Muḥammad ﷺ, and in it is Allah's lawful and unlawful. By Allah, we do not care who rallies against us from Allah's creation. The swords of Allah are unsheathed; we have not yet sheathed them, and we will surely strive against whoever opposes us as we strove with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. Let no one refrain except concerning himself. End. In another wording: By Allah, it was as if the people did not know that the verse had been revealed [except] when Abū Bakr recited it that day. The people took it from Abū Bakr, and it was on their tongues. When Abū Bakr recited it, the people were certain of the death of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, and many people received it from Abū Bakr until he recited it. ʿUmar ؓ said: 'By Allah, it was only when I heard Abū Bakr reciting it that I was stricken while standing until I fell to the ground; my legs could not carry me. I knew when he recited it that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ had died.' Abū al-Rabīʿ added: When he finished his sermon, he turned to ʿUmar b. al-Khaṭṭāb ؓ and said: 'O ʿUmar, are you the one who said at the door of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ: "By Him in whose hand is my soul, the Messenger of Allah has not died"? Did you not know that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said on such-and-such a day, or said on such-and-such a day such-and-such, and Allah, exalted is He, said in His Book: "Indeed you will die, and indeed they will die" [al-Zumar 30]?' ʿUmar said: 'By Allah, it is as if I had never heard it in the Book of Allah, exalted is He, before that, because of what befell us. I bear witness that the Book is as it was revealed, that the ḥadīth is as it was narrated, and that Allah, exalted is He, is alive and does not die — may the blessings of Allah and His peace be upon His Messenger — and with Allah is the Messenger of Allah accounted.' Ibn Isḥāq narrated from Ibn ʿAbbās ؓ that ʿUmar ؓ said to him during his caliphate: 'Do you know what moved me to the statement I made when the Messenger of Allah ﷺ died?' He said: 'I said: I do not know, O Commander of the Faithful; you know best.' He said: 'By Allah, what moved me to that was only that I used to recite this verse: "Thus We made you a middle nation, that you may be witnesses over the people and the Messenger may be a witness over you" [al-Baqarah 143]. By Allah, I did not think that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ would remain in his community until he witnessed its final deeds. That is what moved me to say what I said.'
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