Tarikh (al-Tabari) 1743
The illness of the Prophet ﷺ and his death
ابْتِدَاءِ مَرَضِهِ ﷺ وَسُؤَالِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ ؓ أَنْ يُمَرِّضَهُ فِي بَيْتِهِ قَالَ ابْنُ إِسْحَاقَ: لَمَّا قَفَلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مِنْ حِجَّةِ الْوَدَاعِ أَقَامَ بِالْمَدِينَةِ ذَا الْحِجَّةِ، وَالْمُحَرَّمَ، وَصَفَرًا. وَضَرَبَ عَلَى النَّاسِ بَعْثَ أَمِيرِهِ أُسَامَةَ بْنِ زَيْدٍ ؓ فَبَيْنَا النَّاسُ عَلَى ذَلِكَ اُبْتُدِئَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِشَكْوِهِ الَّذِي قَبَضَهُ اللَّهُ فِيهِ، إلَى مَا أَرَادَ بِهِ مِنْ كَرَامَتِهِ وَرَحْمَتِهِ، فِي لَيَالٍ بَقِينَ مِنْ صَفَرٍ، أَوْ فِي أَوَّلِ شَهْرِ رَبِيعٍ صَبِيحَةَ لَيْلَةِ خُرُوجِهِ الْبَقِيعَ لَيْلًا مَعَ أَبِي مُوَيْهِبَةَ، فَلَمَّا أَصْبَحَ ابْتَدَأَ بِمَرَضِهِ مِنْ يَوْمِهِ ذَلِكَ. وَرَوَى ابْنُ سَعْدٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عُمَرَ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عُمَرَ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ جَدِّهِ ؓ وَالْبَيْهَقِيُّ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ قَيْسٍ قَالَا: أَوَّلُ مَا بَدَأَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ شَكَوَاهُ يَوْمَ الْأَرْبِعَاءِ فَكَانَ شَكْوُهُ إِلَى أَنْ قُبِضَ ﷺ ثَلَاثَةَ عَشَرَ يَوْمًا. وَمَشَى عَلَى ذَلِكَ أَبُو عَمْرٍو وَغَيْرُهُ. وَقَالَ سُلَيْمَانُ التَّيْمِيُّ: يَوْمَ السَّبْتِ وَمَشَى عَلَيْهِ الْخَطَّابِيُّ وَقَالَ الْإِمَامُ اللَّيْثُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ: يَوْمَ الِاثْنَيْنِ فِي صَفَرٍ سَنَةَ إِحْدَى عَشْرَةَ لَيْلَةَ إِحْدَى وَعِشْرِينَ رَوَاهُ يَعْقُوبُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ قَالَ أَبُو عُمَرَ: لِلَيْلَتَيْنِ بَقِيَتَا مِنْهُ. وَرَوَى مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ قَيْسٍ لِإِحْدَى عَشْرَةَ لَيْلَةً بَقِيَتْ مِنْهُ. وَقَالَ عُمَرُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ: لِلَيْلَةٍ بَقِيَتْ مِنْهُ قَالَ أَبُو الْفَرَجِ بْنُ الْجَوْزِيِّ: ابْتَدَأَ بِهِ صُدَاعٌ فِي بَيْتِ عَائِشَةَ، ثُمَّ اشْتَدَّ أَمْرُهُ فِي بَيْتِ مَيْمُونَةَ وَقِيلَ: فِي بَيْتِ زَيْنَبَ بِنْتِ جَحْشٍ. وَقِيلَ: فِي بَيْتِ رَيْحَانَةَ. قَالَ الْحَافِظُ: وَكَوْنُهُ فِي بَيْتِ مَيْمُونَةَ هُوَ الْمُعْتَمَدَ، لِأَنَّهُ الَّذِي رَوَاهُ الشَّيْخَانِ عَنْ عَائِشَةَ ؓ. وَرَوَى الْبَلَاذُرِيُّ عَنْهَا أَنَّهُ ﷺ أَقَامَ فِي بَيْتِ مَيْمُونَةَ سَبْعَةَ أَيَّامٍ. وَرَوَى ابْنُ إِسْحَاقَ وَالْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ عَنْهَا قَالَتْ: رَجَعَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ ذَاتَ يَوْمٍ مِنَ الْبَقِيعِ فَدَخَلَ عَلَيَّ وَهُوَ يَصْدُعُ وَأَنَا أَشْتَكِي رَأْسِي فَقُلْتُ: وَا رَأْسَاهُ فَقَالَ: «وَاللَّهِ بَلْ أَنَا وَاللَّهِ وَا رَأْسَاهُ». وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ قَالَ: كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِذَا مَرَّ بِبَابِي يُلْقِي إِلَيَّ الْكَلِمَةَ يَنْفَعُ اللَّهُ بِهَا فَمَرَّ ذَاتَ يَوْمٍ فَلَمْ يَقُلْ شَيْئًا مَرَّتَيْنِ، أَوْ ثَلَاثًا فَقُلْتُ: يَا جَارِيَةُ دَعِي لِي وَسَادَةً عَلَى الْبَابِ: فَجَلَسْتُ عَلَيْهَا عَلَى طَرِيقِهِ وَعَصَبْتُ رَأْسِي فَمَرَّ بِي وَقَالَ: «مَا شَأْنُكِ» ؟ فَقُلْتُ: أَشْتَكِي رَأْسِي ! فَقَالَ: «بَلْ أَنَا وَا رَأْسَاهُ» ! ثُمَّ مَضَى فَلَمْ يَلْبَثْ إِلَّا يَسِيرًا حَتَّى جِيءَ بِهِ مَحْمُولًا فِي كِسَاءٍ فَدَخَلَ عَلَيَّ وَقَالَ: «وَمَا عَلَيْكِ لَوْ مُتِّ قَبْلِي، فَوَلِيتُ أَمْرَكِ وَصَلَّيْتُ عَلَيْكِ وَدَفَنْتُكِ» فَقُلْتُ: وَاللَّهِ إِنِّي لَأَحْسَبُ أَنْ لَوْ كَانَ ذَلِكَ، لَقَدْ خَلَوْتُ بِبَعْضِ نِسَائِكَ فِي بَيْتِي فِي آخِرِ النَّهَارِ فَأَعْرَسْتَ بِهَا فَضَحِكَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ ثُمَّ تَمَادَى بِهِ وَجَعُهُ وَهُوَ يَدُورُ عَلَى نِسَائِهِ ثُمَّ اسْتَعَزَّ بِهِ وَهُوَ فِي بَيْتِ مَيْمُونَةَ». وَرَوَى الْبُخَارِيُّ نَحْوَهُ. وَرَوَى أَبُو يَعْلَى وَالْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ - بِرِجَالٍ ثِقَاتٍ- عَنْهَا قَالَتْ: مَا مَرَّ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَلَى بَابِي قَطُّ إِلَّا قَدْ قَالَ كَلِمَةً تَقَرُّ بِهَا عَيْنِي قَالَتْ: فَمَرَّ يَوْمًا فَلَمْ يُكَلِّمْنِي وَمَرَّ مِنَ الْغَدِ فَلَمْ يُكَلِّمْنِي قَالَتْ: وَمَرَّ مِنَ الْغَدِ فَلَمْ يُكَلِّمْنِي، قُلْتُ: قَدْ وَجَدَ عَلَيَّ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي شَيْءٍ: قَالَتْ فَعَصَبْتُ رَأْسِي وَصَفَّرْتُ وَجْهِي، وَأَلْقَيْتُ وِسَادَةً قُبَالَةَ بَابِ الدَّارِ فَاجْتَنَحْتُ عَلَيْهَا، قَالَتْ: فَمَرَّ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَنَظَرَ إِلَيَّ فَقَالَ: «مَا لَكِ يَا عَائِشَةُ» ؟ قَالَتْ: قُلْتُ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ اشْتَكَيْتُ وَصُدِّعْتُ قَالَ: «تَقُولِينَ: وَارَأْسَاهُ، بَلْ أَنَا وَارَأْسَاهُ» قَالَتْ فَمَا لَبِثَ إِلَّا قَلِيلًا حَتَّى أَتَيْتُ بِهِ يُحْمَلُ فِي كِسَاءٍ قَالَتْ: فَمَرَّضْتُهُ وَلَمْ أُمَرِّضْ مَرِيضًا قَطُّ. الْحَدِيثَ. ثم طَلَبَ أبا بكر أَنْ يُمَرِّضَهُ ﷺ. [أَخْبَرَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ، أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ النَّقُورِ، أَخْبَرَنَا الْمُخْلِصُ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ يُوسُفَ، حَدَّثَنَا السَّرِيُّ، عَنْ يَحْيَى، حَدَّثَنَا شُعَيْبُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ التَّيْمِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا سَيْفُ بْنُ عُمَرَ، عَنْ مُبَشِّرِ بْنِ الْفَضْلِ] عَنْ سَالِمٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، قَالَ: جَاءَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ ؓ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ائْذَنْ لِي فَأُمَرِّضُكَ وَأَكُونُ الَّذِي أَقُومُ عَلَيْكَ، فَقَالَ: "يَا أَبَا بَكْرٍ إِنِّي إِنْ لَمْ أَحْتَمِلْ أَزْوَاجِي وَبَنَاتِي وَأَهْلَ بَيْتِي عِلَاجِي ازْدَادَتْ مُصِيبَتِي عَلَيْهِمْ عِظَمًا، وَقَدْ وَقَعَ أَجْرُكَ عَلَى اللَّهِ تَعَالَى".
Translation
✧ The beginning of his illness ﷺ and Abū Bakr's ؓ request to nurse him in his house Ibn Isḥāq said: When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ returned from the Farewell Pilgrimage, he stayed in Madinah for Dhū al-Ḥijjah, al-Muḥarram, and Ṣafar. He dispatched the expedition of his commander Usāmah b. Zayd ؓ among the people. While the people were in that state, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ was seized by the illness in which Allah took him, to what He willed for him of His honor and mercy, in nights remaining of Ṣafar, or at the beginning of the month of Rabīʿ on the morning of the night he went out to al-Baqīʿ at night with Abū Muwayhibah. When morning came, his illness began that very day. Ibn Saʿd reported from Muḥammad b. ʿUmar, from ʿAbd Allāh b. Muḥammad b. ʿUmar b. ʿAlī, from his father, from his grandfather ؓ, and al-Bayhaqī from Muḥammad b. Qays, both said: The first illness of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ began on Wednesday, and his illness lasted until he was taken ﷺ thirteen days. Abū ʿAmr and others followed that. Sulaymān al-Taymī said: On Saturday, and al-Khaṭṭābī followed it, and Imām al-Layth b. Saʿd said: On Monday in Ṣafar of the year eleven, on the eleventh night. Yaʿqūb b. Sufyān narrated it. Abū ʿUmar said: With two nights remaining of it. Muḥammad b. Qays narrated: With eleven nights remaining of it. ʿUmar b. ʿAlī said: With one night remaining of it. Abū al-Faraj b. al-Jawzī said: A headache began in the house of ʿĀʾishah, then his condition worsened in the house of Maymūnah, and it was said: In the house of Zaynab bt. Jaḥsh. It was also said: In the house of Rayḥānah. Al-Ḥāfiẓ said: Its being in the house of Maymūnah is the relied-upon view, because that is what the two Shaykhs narrated from ʿĀʾishah ؓ. Al-Balādhurī narrated from her that he ﷺ stayed in the house of Maymūnah for seven days. Ibn Isḥāq and Imām Aḥmad narrated from her that she said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ returned one day from al-Baqīʿ and entered upon me while his head was aching, and I was complaining of my head, so I said: "Oh my head!" He said: "By Allah, rather I, by Allah, oh my head!" In another narration she said: Whenever the Messenger of Allah ﷺ passed by my door, he would cast a word to me by which Allah benefited me. One day he passed and said nothing, twice or thrice. I said: "O slave girl, place a cushion for me at the door." So I sat on it in his path and bound my head. He passed by me and said: "What is the matter with you?" I said: "My head aches!" He said: "Rather I, oh my head!" Then he went on, and only a little while passed before he was brought carried in a cloak. He entered upon me and said: "What would it matter to you if you died before me, and I took charge of your affair, prayed over you, and buried you?" I said: "By Allah, I think that if that were so, you would have been alone with some of your wives in my house at the end of the day and consummated marriage with her." The Messenger of Allah ﷺ laughed, then his pain continued while he went around to his wives, then it became severe while he was in the house of Maymūnah." Al-Bukhārī narrated something similar. Abū Yaʿlā and Imām Aḥmad narrated—with trustworthy men—from her that she said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ never passed by my door but that he said a word by which my eye was comforted. She said: One day he passed and did not speak to me, and he passed the next day and did not speak to me. She said: And he passed the next day and did not speak to me. I said: "The Messenger of Allah ﷺ has found something against me." She said: So I bound my head, yellowed my face, and placed a cushion opposite the door of the house, and I leaned upon it. She said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ passed and looked at me and said: "What is the matter with you, O ʿĀʾishah?" She said: I said: "O Messenger of Allah, I am ill and have a headache." He said: "You say: 'Oh my head!' Rather I, oh my head!" She said: Only a little while passed before he was brought to me being carried in a cloak. She said: I nursed him, and I had never nursed a sick person before. The ḥadīth. Then he sought Abū Bakr to nurse him ﷺ. [Ismāʿīl b. Aḥmad informed us, Ibn al-Naqūr informed us, al-Mukhliṣ informed us, Abū Bakr b. Yūsuf informed us, al-Sarī narrated to us, from Yaḥyā, Shuʿayb b. Ibrāhīm al-Taymī narrated to us, Sayf b. ʿUmar narrated to us, from Mubashshir b. al-Faḍl] from Sālim, from his father, who said: Abū Bakr ؓ came to the Prophet ﷺ and said: "O Messenger of Allah, permit me to nurse you and be the one who looks after you." He said: "O Abū Bakr, if I do not bear my wives, daughters, and household during my treatment, their affliction over me will increase in magnitude, and your reward has fallen upon Allah, exalted be He."
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