Tarikh (al-Tabari) 1729
A summary of the expeditions
الْبَابُ السَّابِعُ وَالْعِشْرُونَ فِي سَرِيَّةِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عَوْفٍ ؓ إِلَى دَوْمَةِ الْجَنْدَلِ فِي شَعْبَانَ سَنَةَ سِتٍّ رَوَى ابْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عُمَرَ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ ؓ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ دَعَا عَبْدَ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنَ عَوْفٍ، فَقَالَ لَهُ: «تَجَهَّزْ فَإِنِّي بَاعِثُكَ فِي سَرِيَّةٍ مِنْ يَوْمِكَ هَذَا أَوْ مِنَ الْغَدِ إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى». قَالَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ: فَسَمِعْتُ ذَلِكَ فَقُلْتُ: لَأَدْخُلَنَّ فَلَأُصَلِّيَنَّ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ الْغَدَاةَ وَلَأَسْمَعَنَّ وَصِيَّتَهُ لِعَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عَوْفٍ قَالَ: كُنْتُ عَاشِرَ عَشَرَةِ رَهْطٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي مَسْجِدِهِ: أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَعُمَرُ، وَعُثْمَانُ، وَعَلِيٌّ، وَعَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ عَوْفٍ، وَابْنُ مَسْعُودٍ، وَمُعَاذُ بْنُ جَبَلٍ، وَحُذَيْفَةُ بْنُ الْيَمَانِ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيُّ [ ؓ، وَأَنَا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ ] إِذْ أَقْبَلَ فَتًى مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ فَسَلَّمَ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ ثُمَّ جَلَسَ، فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، أَيُّ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ أَفْضَلُ ؟ فَقَالَ: «أَحْسَنُهُمْ خُلُقًا». قَالَ: فَأَيُّ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ أَكْيَسُ ؟ قَالَ: «أَكْثَرُهُمْ ذِكْرًا لِلْمَوْتِ وَأَحْسَنُهُمُ اسْتِعْدَادًا لَهُ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَنْزِلَ بِهِمْ، أُولَئِكَ الْأَكْيَاسُ». ثُمَّ سَكَتَ الْفَتَى وَأَقْبَلَ عَلَيْنَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ: «يَا مَعْشَرَ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ: خَمْسُ خِصَالٍ إِذَا نَزَلْنَ بِكُمْ وَأَعُوذُ بِاللَّهِ أَنْ تُدْرِكُوهُنَّ: إِنَّهُ لَمْ تَظْهَرِ الْفَاحِشَةُ فِي قَوْمٍ قَطُّ حَتَّى يُعْلِنُوا بِهَا إِلَّا ظَهَرَ فِيهِمُ الطَّاعُونُ وَالْأَوْجَاعُ الَّتِي لَمْ تَكُنْ فِي أَسْلَافِهِمُ الَّذِينَ مَضَوْا، وَلَمْ يَنْقُصُوا الْمِكْيَالَ وَالْمِيزَانَ إِلَّا أُخِذُوا بِالسِّنِينَ وَشِدَّةِ الْمُؤْنَةِ وَجَوْرِ السُّلْطَانِ، وَلَمْ يَمْنَعُوا الزَّكَاةَ مِنْ أَمْوَالِهِمْ إِلَّا أَمْسَكَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمْ قَطْرَ السَّمَاءِ، وَلَوْلَا الْبَهَائِمُ لَمْ يُسْقَوْا، وَمَا نَقَضُوا عَهْدَ اللَّهِ وَعَهْدَ رَسُولِهِ إِلَّا سُلِّطَ عَلَيْهِمْ عَدُوٌّ مِنْ غَيْرِهِمْ فَأَخَذَ بَعْضَهُمْ مَا كَانَ فِي أَيْدِيهِمْ وَمَا حَكَمَ قَوْمٌ بِغَيْرِ كِتَابِ اللَّهِ إِلَّا جَعَلَ بَأْسَهُمْ بَيْنَهُمْ». وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ: «إِلَّا أَلْبَسَهُمْ شِيَعًا وَأَذَاقَ بَعْضَهُمْ بَأْسَ بَعْضٍ». ثُمَّ قَالَ: قَدْ كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَمْرَهُ أَنْ يَسِيرَ مِنَ اللَّيْلِ إِلَى دَوْمَةِ الْجَنْدَلِ. وَكَانَ رِجَالُهُ مُعَسْكِرِينَ بِالْجَرْفِ، وَكَانُوا سَبْعَمِائَةٍ. فَقَالَ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ: «أُحِبُّ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ أَنْ يَكُونَ آخِرُ عَهْدِي بِكَ وَعَلَيَّ ثِيَابُ سَفَرِي». فَأَقْعَدَهُ بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ ثُمَّ نَفَضَ عِمَامَتَهُ بِيَدِهِ ثُمَّ عَمَّمَهُ بِعِمَامٍ [مِنْ كَرَابِيسَ] سَوْدَاءَ. فَأَرْخَى بَيْنَ كَتِفَيْهِ مِنْهَا أَرْبَعَ أَصَابِعَ أَوْ نَحْوَ ذَلِكَ. ثُمَّ قَالَ: «هَكَذَا يَا ابْنَ عَوْفٍ فَاعْتَمَّ؛ فَإِنَّهُ أَحْسَنُ وَأَعْرَفُ». ثُمَّ أَمَرَ بِلَالًا أَنْ يَدْفَعَ إِلَيْهِ اللِّوَاءَ فَدَفَعَهُ إِلَيْهِ، فَحَمِدَ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى وَصَلَّى عَلَى نَفْسِهِ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: «خُذْهُ يَا ابْنَ عَوْفٍ، اغْزُوا بِاسْمِ اللَّهِ، فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ، قَاتِلُوا مَنْ كَفَرَ بِاللَّهِ، لَا تَغُلُّوا وَلَا تَغْدِرُوا، وَلَا تَنْكُثُوا وَلَا تُمَثِّلُوا، وَلَا تَقْتُلُوا وَلِيدًا؛ فَهَذَا عَهْدُ اللَّهِ وَسُنَّةُ نَبِيِّكُمْ فِيكُمْ». فَأَخَذَ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ اللِّوَاءَ وَخَرَجَ حَتَّى لَحِقَ بِأَصْحَابِهِ، فَسَارَ حَتَّى قَدِمَ دَوْمَةَ الْجَنْدَلِ. فَلَمَّا حَلَّ بِهَا دَعَاهُمْ إِلَى الْإِسْلَامِ. فَمَكَثَ ثَلَاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ يَدْعُوهُمْ إِلَى الْإِسْلَامِ. وَقَدْ كَانُوا أَبَوْا أَوَّلَ مَا قَدِمَ أَلَّا يُعْطُوا إِلَّا السَّيْفَ. فَلَمَّا كَانَ الْيَوْمُ الثَّالِثُ أَسْلَمَ الْأَصْبَغُ بْنُ عَمْرٍو الْكَلْبِيُّ. وَكَانَ نَصْرَانِيًّا وَكَانَ رَئِيسَهُمْ وَأَسْلَمَ مَعَهُ نَاسٌ كَثِيرٌ مِنْ قَوْمِهِ، وَأَقَامَ مَنْ أَقَامَ مِنْهُمْ عَلَى إِعْطَاءِ الْجِزْيَةِ. فَكَتَبَ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ يُخْبِرُهُ بِذَلِكَ وَأَنَّهُ أَرَادَ أَنْ يَتَزَوَّجَ فِيهِمْ. وَبَعَثَ الْكِتَابَ مَعَ رَافِعِ بْنِ مَكِيثٍ الْجُهَيْنِيِّ، فَكَتَبَ إِلَيْهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَنْ يَتَزَوَّجَ بِنْتَ الْأَصْبَغِ تُمَاضِرَ، فَتَزَوَّجَهَا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ وَبَنَى بِهَا، ثُمَّ أَقْبَلَ بِهَا وَهِيَ أُمُّ أَبِي سَلِمَةَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ. .
Translation
✧ The Twenty-Seventh Chapter: On the Expedition of ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. ʿAwf ؓ to Dūmat al-Jandal in Shaʿbān of the Year Six Ibn Isḥāq and Muḥammad b. ʿUmar related from ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿUmar b. al-Khaṭṭāb ؓ that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ summoned ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. ʿAwf and said to him: “Prepare yourself, for I am sending you on an expedition this very day or tomorrow, if Allah Almighty wills.” ʿAbd Allāh said: I heard that and said to myself: I will surely enter and pray the morning prayer with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and hear his instructions to ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. ʿAwf. He said: I was the tenth of ten men from the companions of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ in his mosque: Abū Bakr, ʿUmar, ʿUthmān, ʿAlī, ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. ʿAwf, Ibn Masʿūd, Muʿādh b. Jabal, Ḥudhayfah b. al-Yamān, Abū Saʿīd al-Khudrī [ ؓ, and I with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ ] when a young man from the Anṣār came forward, greeted the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, then sat down and said: O Messenger of Allah, which of the believers is most excellent? He said: “The one with the best character.” He said: Then which of the believers is most astute? He said: “The one who remembers death most and is best prepared for it before it befalls them. Those are the astute ones.” Then the young man fell silent, and the Messenger of Allah ﷺ turned to us and said: “O company of Emigrants: Five traits, if they descend upon you—and I seek refuge with Allah that you should witness them: no indecency ever appears among a people to the point that they practice it openly but that plague and ailments that were not present among their forebears who passed away appear among them. They do not diminish the measure and the balance but that they are seized with years of drought, severe hardship, and the tyranny of the ruler. They do not withhold zakāh from their wealth but that Allah withholds the rain of the sky from them; and were it not for the beasts, they would not be given water. They do not break the covenant of Allah and the covenant of His Messenger but that an enemy from other than them is given power over them and seizes some of what was in their hands. And no people judge by other than the Book of Allah but that He makes their might among themselves.” In another narration: “but that He clothes them in factions and makes some of them taste the might of others.” Then he said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ had ordered him to travel by night to Dūmat al-Jandal. His men were encamped at al-Jurf, and they numbered seven hundred. ʿAbd al-Raḥmān said: “I would like, O Messenger of Allah, that my last meeting with you be while I am wearing my travel clothes.” So he seated him before him, then shook out his turban with his hand, then wrapped him in a turban [of coarse cloth], black. He let down between his shoulders from it four fingers or about that much. Then he said: “Thus, O Ibn ʿAwf, wrap your turban; for it is finer and more distinguished.” Then he ordered Bilāl to hand him the banner, and he handed it to him. He praised Allah Almighty and invoked blessings upon himself, then said: “Take it, O Ibn ʿAwf. Raid in the name of Allah, in the path of Allah. Fight those who disbelieve in Allah. Do not steal from the spoils, do not act treacherously, do not break pledges, do not mutilate, and do not kill a child. This is the covenant of Allah and the way of your Prophet among you.” ʿAbd al-Raḥmān took the banner and went out until he joined his companions, and he traveled until he reached Dūmat al-Jandal. When he arrived there, he called them to Islam. He stayed for three days calling them to Islam. They had refused, when he first arrived, to give anything but the sword. On the third day, al-Aṣbagh b. ʿAmr al-Kalbī accepted Islam. He had been a Christian and was their chief, and many people of his tribe accepted Islam with him. Those of them who remained continued to pay the jizyah. ʿAbd al-Raḥmān wrote to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ informing him of that and that he wished to marry among them. He sent the letter with Rāfiʿ b. Makīth al-Juhanī. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ wrote back to him that he should marry the daughter of al-Aṣbagh, Tumāḍir. So ʿAbd al-Raḥmān married her and consummated the marriage, then returned with her. She is the mother of Abū Salimah b. ʿAbd al-Raḥmān. .
Grades by grader
No grade is recorded for this wording.