Tarikh (al-Tabari) 1726
A summary of the expeditions
سَرِيَّةِ عَمْرِو بْنِ الْعَاصِ ؓ إِلَى ذَاتِ السَّلَاسِلِ فِي جُمَادَى الْآخِرَةِ سَنَةَ ثَمَانٍ غَزْوَةُ ذَاتِ السَّلَاسِلِ ذَكَرَهَا الْحَافِظُ الْبَيْهَقِيُّ هَاهُنَا قَبْلَ غَزْوَةِ الْفَتْحِ، فَسَاقَ مِنْ طَرِيقِ مُوسَى بْنِ عُقْبَةَ وَعُرْوَةَ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ قَالَا: بَعَثَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَمْرَو بْنَ الْعَاصِ إِلَى ذَاتِ السَّلَاسِلِ مِنْ مَشَارِفِ الشَّامِ فِي بَلِيٍّ، وَعَبْدِ اللَّهِ وَمَنْ يَلِيهِمْ مِنْ قُضَاعَةَ - قَالَ عُرْوَةُ بْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ: بَنُو بَلِيٍّ أَخْوَالُ الْعَاصِ بْنِ وَائِلٍ - فَلَمَّا صَارَ إِلَى هُنَاكَ خَافَ مِنْ كَثْرَةِ عَدُوِّهِ، فَبَعَثَ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَسْتَمِدُّهُ، فَنَدَبَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ الْأَوَّلِينَ، فَانْتَدَبَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ وَعُمَرُ فِي جَمَاعَةٍ مِنْ سَرَاةِ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ، ؓ أَجْمَعِينَ، وَأَمَّرَ عَلَيْهِمْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَبَا عُبَيْدَةَ بْنَ الْجَرَّاحِ. قَالَ مُوسَى بْنُ عُقْبَةَ: فَلَمَّا قَدِمُوا عَلَى عَمْرٍو قَالَ: أَنَا أَمِيرُكُمْ، وَأَنَا أَرْسَلْتُ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَسْتَمِدُّهُ بِكُمْ. فَقَالَ الْمُهَاجِرُونَ: بَلْ أَنْتَ أَمِيرُ أَصْحَابِكَ، وَأَبُو عُبَيْدَةَ أَمِيرُ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ. فَقَالَ عَمْرٌو: إِنَّمَا أَنْتُمْ مَدَدٌ أُمْدِدْتُهُ. فَلَمَّا رَأَى ذَلِكَ أَبُو عُبَيْدَةَ، وَكَانَ رَجُلًا حَسَنَ الْخُلُقِ لَيِّنَ الشِّيمَةِ، قَالَ: تَعَلَّمْ يَا عَمْرُو أَنَّ آخِرَ مَا عَهِدَ إِلَيَّ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَنْ قَالَ: إِذَا قَدِمْتَ عَلَى صَاحِبِكَ فَتَطَاوَعَا وَإِنَّكَ إِنْ عَصَيْتَنِي لَأُطِيعَنَّكَ. فَسَلَّمَ أَبُو عُبَيْدَةَ الْإِمَارَةَ لِعَمْرِو بْنِ الْعَاصِ. وَقَالَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ: حَدَّثَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الْحُصَيْنِ التَّمِيمِيُّ قَالَ: بَعَثَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَمْرَو بْنَ الْعَاصِ يَسْتَنْفِرُ الْعَرَبَ إِلَى الْإِسْلَامِ، وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ أُمَّ الْعَاصِ بْنِ وَائِلٍ كَانَتْ مِنْ بَنِي بَلِيٍّ، فَبَعَثَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِلَيْهِمْ يَسْتَأْلِفُهُمْ بِذَلِكَ، حَتَّى إِذَا كَانَ عَلَى مَاءٍ بِأَرْضِ جُذَامَ يُقَالُ لَهُ: السَّلَاسِلُ. وَبِهِ سُمِّيَتْ تِلْكَ الْغَزْوَةُ ذَاتَ السَّلَاسِلِ. قَالَ: فَلَمَّا كَانَ عَلَيْهِ وَخَافَ، بَعَثَ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَسْتَمِدُّهُ، فَبَعَثَ إِلَيْهِ أَبَا عُبَيْدَةَ بْنِ الْجَرَّاحِ فِي الْمُهَاجِرِينَ الْأَوَّلِينَ، فِيهِمْ أَبُو بَكْرٍ وَعُمَرُ، وَقَالَ لِأَبِي عُبَيْدَةَ حِينَ وَجَّهَهُ: " لَا تَخْتَلِفَا ". فَخَرَجَ أَبُو عُبَيْدَةَ، حَتَّى إِذَا قَدِمَ عَلَيْهِ قَالَ لَهُ عَمْرٌو: إِنَّمَا جِئْتَ مَدَدًا إِلَيَّ. فَقَالَ لَهُ أَبُو عُبَيْدَةَ: لَا، وَلَكِنِّي عَلَى مَا أَنَا عَلَيْهِ، وَأَنْتَ عَلَى مَا أَنْتَ عَلَيْهِ. وَكَانَ أَبُو عُبَيْدَةَ رَجُلًا لَيِّنًا سَهْلًا، هَيِّنًا عَلَيْهِ أَمْرُ الدُّنْيَا، فَقَالَ لَهُ عَمْرٌو: أَنْتَ مَدَدِي. فَقَالَ لَهُ أَبُو عُبَيْدَةَ: يَا عَمْرُو، إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَدْ قَالَ لِي: " لَا تَخْتَلِفَا ". وَإِنَّكَ إِنْ عَصَيْتَنِي أَطَعْتُكَ. فَقَالَ لَهُ عَمْرٌو: فَإِنِّي أَمِيرٌ عَلَيْكَ، وَإِنَّمَا أَنْتَ مَدَدٌ لِي قَالَ: فَدُونَكَ. فَصَلَّى عَمْرُو بْنُ الْعَاصِ بِالنَّاسِ. وَقَالَ الْوَاقِدِيُّ: حَدَّثَنِي رَبِيعَةُ بْنُ عُثْمَانَ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ رُومَانَ، أَنَّ أَبَا عُبَيْدَةَ لَمَّا آبَ إِلَى عَمْرِو بْنِ الْعَاصِ، فَصَارُوا خَمْسَمِائَةٍ، فَسَارُوا اللَّيْلَ وَالنَّهَارَ حَتَّى وَطِئَ بِلَادَ بَلِيٍّ وَدَوَّخَهَا، وَكُلَّمَا انْتَهَى إِلَى مَوْضِعٍ بَلَغَهُ أَنَّهُ قَدْ كَانَ بِهَذَا الْمَوْضِعِ جَمْعٌ، فَلَمَّا سَمِعُوا بِكَ تَفَرَّقُوا، حَتَّى انْتَهَى إِلَى أَقْصَى بِلَادِ بَلِيٍّ وَعُذْرَةَ وَبِلْقَيْنَ، وَلَقِيَ فِي آخِرِ ذَلِكَ جَمْعًا لَيْسَ بِالْكَثِيرِ، فَاقْتَتَلُوا سَاعَةً، وَتَرَامُوا بِالنَّبْلِ، وَرُمِيَ يَوْمَئِذٍ عَامِرُ بْنُ رَبِيعَةَ وَأُصِيبَ ذِرَاعُهُ، وَحَمَلَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ عَلَيْهِمْ فَهَرَبُوا، وَأَعْجَزُوا هَرَبًا فِي الْبِلَادِ وَتَفَرَّقُوا، وَدَوَّخَ عَمْرٌو مَا هُنَاكَ، وَأَقَامَ أَيَّامًا لَا يَسْمَعُ لَهُمْ بِجَمْعٍ وَلَا مَكَانٍ صَارُوا فِيهِ، وَكَانَ يَبْعَثُ أَصْحَابَ الْخَيْلِ فَيَأْتُونَ بِالشَّاءِ وَالنَّعَمِ، فَكَانُوا يَنْحَرُونَ وَيَذْبَحُونَ، وَلَمْ يَكُنْ فِي ذَلِكَ أَكْثَرُ مِنْ ذَلِكَ، وَلَمْ تَكُنْ غَنَائِمُ تُقْسَمُ. تيمم عمرو من الجنابة وصلاته بأصحابه وَقَالَ أَبُو دَاوُدَ: ثَنَا ابْنُ الْمُثَنَّى، ثَنَا وَهْبُ بْنُ جَرِيرٍ، ثَنَا أَبِي، سَمِعْتُ يَحْيَى بْنَ أَيُّوبَ يُحَدِّثُ عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ أَبِي حَبِيبٍ، عَنْ عِمْرَانَ بْنِ أَبِي أَنَسٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ الْعَاصِ، قَالَ: احْتَلَمْتُ فِي لَيْلَةٍ بَارِدَةٍ فِي غَزْوَةِ ذَاتِ السَّلَاسِلِ، فَأَشْفَقْتُ إِنِ اغْتَسَلْتُ أَنْ أَهْلَكَ. قَالَ: فَتَيَمَّمْتُ ثُمَّ صَلَّيْتُ بِأَصْحَابِي الصُّبْحَ، فَذَكَرُوا ذَلِكَ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ: " يَا عَمْرُو، صَلَّيْتَ بِأَصْحَابِكَ وَأَنْتَ جُنُبٌ ؟ " قَالَ: فَأَخْبَرْتُهُ بِالَّذِي مَنَعَنِي مِنَ الِاغْتِسَالِ وَقُلْتُ: إِنِّي سَمِعْتُ اللَّهَ يَقُولُ: وَلَا تَقْتُلُوا أَنْفُسَكُمْ إِنَّ اللَّهَ كَانَ بِكُمْ رَحِيمًا ( النِّسَاءِ: 29 ) فَضَحِكَ نَبِيُّ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَلَمْ يَقُلْ شَيْئًا. حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ، ثَنَا ابْنُ وَهْبٍ، ثَنَا ابْنُ لَهِيعَةَ وَعَمْرُو بْنُ الْحَارِثِ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ أَبِي حَبِيبٍ، عَنْ عِمْرَانَ بْنِ أَبِي أَنَسٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ، عَنْ أَبِي قَيْسٍ مَوْلَى عَمْرِو بْنِ الْعَاصِ، أَنَّ عَمْرَو بْنَ الْعَاصِ كَانَ عَلَى سَرِيَّةٍ. فَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ بِنَحْوِهِ، قَالَ: فَغَسَلَ مَغَابِنَهُ وَتَوَضَّأَ وُضُوءَهُ لِلصَّلَاةِ، ثُمَّ صَلَّى بِهِمْ. فَذَكَرَ نَحْوَهُ، وَلَمْ يَذْكُرِ التَّيَمُّمَ. قَالَ أَبُو دَاوُدَ: وَرَوَى هَذِهِ الْقِصَّةَ عَنِ الْأَوْزَاعِيِّ، عَنْ حَسَّانَ بْنِ عَطِيَّةَ، وَقَالَ فِيهِ: فَتَيَمَّمَ. وَقَالَ الْوَاقِدِيُّ: حَدَّثَنِي أَفْلَحُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ رُقَيْشٍ، عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ حَزْمٍ قَالَ: كَانَ عَمْرُو بْنُ الْعَاصِ حِينَ قَفَلُوا، احْتَلَمَ فِي لَيْلَةٍ بَارِدَةٍ كَأَشَدَّ مَا يَكُونُ مِنَ الْبَرْدِ، فَقَالَ لِأَصْحَابِهِ: مَا تَرَوْنَ ؟ قَدْ وَاللَّهِ احْتَلَمْتُ، فَإِنِ اغْتَسَلْتُ مُتُّ. فَدَعَا بِمَاءٍ فَتَوَضَّأَ، وَغَسَلَ فَرْجَهُ وَتَيَمَّمَ، ثُمَّ قَامَ فَصَلَّى بِهِمْ، فَكَانَ أَوَّلَ مَنْ بَعَثَ عَوْفُ بْنُ مَالِكٍ بَرِيدًا، قَالَ عَوْفٌ: فَقَدِمْتُ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي السَّحَرِ وَهُوَ يُصَلِّي فِي بَيْتِهِ، فَسَلَّمْتُ عَلَيْهِ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: " عَوْفُ بْنُ مَالِكٍ ؟ " فَقُلْتُ: عَوْفُ بْنُ مَالِكٍ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ. قَالَ: " صَاحِبُ الْجَزُورِ ؟ " قُلْتُ: نَعَمْ. وَلَمْ يَزِدْ عَلَى هَذَا بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ شَيْئًا، ثُمَّ قَالَ: " أَخْبِرْنِي ". فَأَخْبَرْتُهُ بِمَا كَانَ مِنْ مَسِيرِنَا، وَمَا كَانَ مِنْ أَبِي عُبَيْدَةَ وَعَمْرٍو، وَمُطَاوَعَةُ أَبِي عُبَيْدَةَ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: " يَرْحَمُ اللَّهُ أَبَا عُبَيْدَةَ بْنَ الْجَرَّاحِ ". قَالَ: ثُمَّ أَخْبَرْتُهُ أَنَّ عَمْرًا صَلَّى بِالنَّاسِ وَهُوَ جُنُبٌ وَمَعَهُ مَاءٌ، لَمْ يَزِدْ عَلَى أَنْ غَسَلَ فَرْجَهُ وَتَوَضَّأَ، فَسَكَتَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَلَمَّا قَدِمَ عَمْرٌو عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ سَأَلَهُ عَنْ صَلَاتِهِ، فَأَخْبَرَهُ فَقَالَ: وَالَّذِي بَعَثَكَ بِالْحَقِّ، إِنِّي لَوِ اغْتَسَلْتُ لَمِتُّ، وَلَمْ أَجِدْ بَرْدًا قَطُّ مِثْلَهُ، وَقَدْ قَالَ تَعَالَى: وَلَا تَقْتُلُوا أَنْفُسَكُمْ إِنَّ اللَّهَ كَانَ بِكُمْ رَحِيمًا قَالَ: فَضَحِكَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَلَمْ يَبْلُغْنَا أَنَّهُ قَالَ شَيْئًا. ما كان من عوف بن مالك والجزور وَقَالَ ابْنُ إِسْحَاقَ: حَدَّثَنِي يَزِيدُ بْنُ أَبِي حَبِيبٍ، عَنْ عَوْفِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ الْأَشْجَعِيِّ قَالَ: كُنْتُ فِي الْغَزْوَةِ الَّتِي بَعَثَ فِيهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَمْرَو بْنَ الْعَاصِ، وَهِيَ غَزْوَةُ ذَاتِ السَّلَاسِلِ، فَصَحِبْتُ أَبَا بَكْرٍ وَعُمَرَ، فَمَرَرْتُ بِقَوْمٍ وَهُمْ عَلَى جَزُورٍ قَدْ نَحَرُوهَا، وَهُمْ لَا يَقْدِرُونَ عَلَى أَنْ يُعَضُّوهَا، وَكُنْتُ امْرَأً جَازِرًا، فَقُلْتُ لَهُمْ: تُعْطُونِي مِنْهَا عَشِيرًا عَلَى أَنْ أُقَسِّمَهَا بَيْنَكُمْ ؟ قَالُوا: نَعَمْ. فَأَخَذْتُ الشَّفْرَةَ، فَجَزَّأْتُهَا مَكَانِي، وَأَخَذْتُ مِنْهَا جُزْءًا فَحَمَلْتُهُ إِلَى أَصْحَابِي، فَاطَّبَخْنَاهُ وَأَكَلْنَاهُ، فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ وَعُمَرُ: أَنَّى لَكَ هَذَا اللَّحْمُ يَا عَوْفُ ؟ فَأَخْبَرْتُهُمَا فَقَالَا: لَا وَاللَّهِ مَا أَحْسَنْتَ حِينَ أَطْعَمْتَنَا هَذَا. ثُمَّ قَامَا يَتَقَيَّآنِ مَا فِي بُطُونِهِمَا مِنْهُ، فَلَمَّا أَنْ قَفَلَ النَّاسُ مِنْ ذَلِكَ السَّفَرِ، كُنْتُ أَوَّلَ قَادِمٍ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَجِئْتُهُ وَهُوَ يُصَلِّي فِي بَيْتِهِ فَقُلْتُ: السَّلَامُ عَلَيْكَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ وَرَحْمَةُ اللَّهِ وَبَرَكَاتُهُ. فَقَالَ: " أَعَوْفُ بْنُ مَالِكٍ ؟ " فَقُلْتُ: نَعَمْ، بِأَبِي أَنْتَ وَأُمِّي. فَقَالَ: " صَاحِبُ الْجَزُورِ ؟ " وَلَمْ يَزِدْنِي عَلَى ذَلِكَ شَيْئًا هَكَذَا رَوَاهُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ أَبِي حَبِيبٍ، عَنْ عَوْفِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، وَهُوَ مُنْقَطِعٌ بَلْ مُعْضَلٌ. قَالَ الْحَافِظُ الْبَيْهَقِيُّ: وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ ابْنُ لَهِيعَةَ وَسَعِيدُ بْنُ أَبِي أَيُّوبَ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ أَبِي حَبِيبٍ، عَنْ رَبِيعَةَ بْنِ لَقِيطٍ، عَنْ مَالِكِ بْنِ هِدْمٍ، أَظُنُّهُ عَنْ عَوْفِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، فَذَكَرَ نَحْوَهُ، إِلَّا أَنَّهُ قَالَ: فَعَرَضْتُهُ عَلَى عُمَرَ فَسَأَلَنِي عَنْهُ، فَأَخْبَرْتُهُ فَقَالَ: قَدْ تَعَجَّلْتَ أَجْرَكَ. وَلَمْ يَأْكُلْهُ. ثُمَّ حَكَى عَنْ أَبِي عُبَيْدَةَ مِثْلَهُ، وَلَمْ يَذْكُرْ فِيهِ أَبَا بَكْرٍ، وَتَمَامُهُ كَنَحْوِ مَا تَقَدَّمَ. سؤال عمرو بن العاص النبي ﷺ من أحب الناس إليه وَقَالَ الْحَافِظُ الْبَيْهَقِيُّ: أَنْبَأَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ وَأَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ الْأَصَمُّ، ثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ، ثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ عَاصِمٍ، ثَنَا خَالِدٌ الْحَذَّاءُ، عَنْ أَبِي عُثْمَانَ النَّهْدِيِّ، سَمِعْتُ عَمْرَو بْنَ الْعَاصِ يَقُولُ: بَعَثَنِي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَلَى جَيْشِ ذَاتِ السَّلَاسِلِ، وَفِي الْقَوْمِ أَبُو بَكْرٍ وَعُمَرُ، فَحَدَّثْتُ نَفْسِي أَنَّهُ لَمْ يَبْعَثْنِي عَلَى أَبِي بَكْرٍ وَعُمَرَ إِلَّا لِمَنْزِلَةٍ لِي عِنْدَهُ. قَالَ: فَأَتَيْتُهُ حَتَّى قَعَدْتُ بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ، فَقُلْتُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، مَنْ أَحَبُّ النَّاسِ إِلَيْكَ ؟ قَالَ: " عَائِشَةُ ". قُلْتُ: إِنِّي لَسْتُ أَسْأَلُكَ عَنْ أَهْلِكِ. قَالَ: " فَأَبُوهَا " قُلْتُ: ثُمَّ مَنْ ؟ قَالَ: " عُمَرُ " قُلْتُ: ثُمَّ مَنْ ؟ حَتَّى عَدَّدَ رَهْطًا، قَالَ: قُلْتُ فِي نَفْسِي: لَا أَعُودُ أَسْأَلُ عَنْ هَذَا. وَهَذَا الْحَدِيثُ مُخَرَّجٌ فِي " الصَّحِيحَيْنِ " مِنْ طَرِيقِ خَالِدِ بْنِ مِهْرَانَ الْحَذَّاءِ، عَنْ أَبِي عُثْمَانَ النَّهْدِيِّ، وَاسْمُهُ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ مَلٍّ، حَدَّثَنِي عَمْرُو بْنُ الْعَاصِ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ بَعَثَهُ عَلَى جَيْشِ ذَاتِ السَّلَاسِلِ، فَأَتَيْتُهُ فَقُلْتُ: أَيُّ النَّاسِ أَحَبُّ إِلَيْكَ ؟ قَالَ: " عَائِشَةُ " قُلْتُ: فَمِنَ الرِّجَالِ ؟ قَالَ: " أَبُوهَا " قُلْتُ: ثُمَّ مَنْ ؟ قَالَ: " ثُمَّ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ " فَعَدَّ رِجَالًا. وَهَذَا لَفْظُ الْبُخَارِيِّ. وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ: قَالَ عَمْرٌو: فَسَكَتُّ مَخَافَةَ أَنْ يَجْعَلَنِي فِي آخِرِهِمْ. [ وَصِيَّةُ أَبِي بَكْرٍ رَافِعَ بْنَ رَافِعٍ ] قَالَ: وَكَانَ مِنْ الْحَدِيثِ فِي هَذِهِ الْغَزَاةِ، أَنَّ رَافِعَ بْنَ أَبِي رَافِعٍ الطَّائِيَّ، وَهُوَ رَافِعُ بْنُ عَمِيرَةَ، كَانَ يُحَدِّثُ فِيمَا بَلَغَنِي عَنْ نَفْسِهِ، قَالَ: كُنْتُ امْرَأً نَصْرَانِيًّا، وَسُمِّيتُ سَرْجِسَ، فَكُنْتُ أَدَلَّ النَّاسِ وَأَهْدَاهُمْ بِهَذَا الرَّمَلِ، كُنْتُ أَدْفِنُ الْمَاءَ فِي بَيْضِ النَّعَامِ بِنَوَاحِي الرَّمْلِ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ، ثُمَّ أُغِيرُ عَلَى إبِلِ النَّاسِ، فَإِذَا أَدْخَلْتهَا الرَّمْلَ غَلَبْتُ عَلَيْهَا، فَلَمْ يَسْتَطِعْ أَحَدٌ أَنْ يَطْلُبُنِي فِيهِ، حَتَّى أَمُرَّ بِذَلِكَ الْمَاءِ الَّذِي خَبَّأْتُ فِي بَيْضِ النَّعَامِ فَأَسْتَخْرِجُهُ، فَأَشْرَبُ مِنْهُ؛ فَلَمَّا أَسْلَمْتُ خَرَجْتُ فِي تِلْكَ الْغَزْوَةِ الَّتِي بَعَثَ فِيهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَمْرَو بْنَ الْعَاصِ إلَى ذَاتِ السَّلَاسِلِ؛ قَالَ: فَقُلْتُ: وَاَللَّهِ لَأَخْتَارَنَّ لِنَفْسِي صَاحِبًا؛ قَالَ: فَصَحِبْتُ أَبَا بَكْرٍ، قَالَ: فَكُنْتُ مَعَهُ فِي رَحْلِهِ، قَالَ: وَكَانَتْ عَلَيْهِ عَبَاءَةٌ لَهُ فَدَكِيَّةٌ، فَكَانَ إذَا نَزَلْنَا بَسَطَهَا وَإِذَا رَكِبْنَا لَبِسَهَا، ثُمَّ شَكَّهَا عَلَيْهِ بِخِلَالِ لَهُ، قَالَ: وَذَلِكَ الَّذِي لَهُ يَقُولُ أَهْلُ نَجْدٍ حِينَ ارْتَدُّوا كُفَّارًا: نَحْنُ نُبَايِعُ ذَا الْعَبَاءَةِ قَالَ: فَلَمَّا دَنَوْنَا مِنْ الْمَدِينَةِ قَافِلِينَ، قَالَ: قُلْتُ: يَا أَبَا بَكْرٍ، إنَّمَا صَحِبْتُكَ لِيَنْفَعَنِي اللَّهُ بِكَ، فَانْصَحْنِي وَعَلِّمْنِي، قَالَ: لَوْ لَمْ تَسْأَلْنِي ذَلِكَ لَفَعَلْتُ، قَالَ: آمُرُكَ أَنْ تُوَحِّدَ اللَّهَ وَلَا تُشْرِكَ بِهِ شَيْئًا، وَأَنْ تُقِيمَ الصَّلَاةَ، وَأَنْ تُؤْتِيَ الزَّكَاةَ، وَتَصُومَ رَمَضَانَ، وَتَحُجَّ هَذَا الْبَيْتَ، وَتَغْتَسِلَ مِنْ الْجَنَابَةِ، وَلَا تَتَأَمَّرْ عَلَى رَجُلٍ مِنْ الْمُسْلِمِينَ أَبَدًا. قَالَ: قُلْتُ: يَا أَبَا بَكْرٍ، أَمَا أَنَا وَاَللَّهِ فَإِنِّي أَرْجُو أَنْ لَا أُشْرِكَ بِاَللَّهِ أَحَدًا أَبَدًا؛ وَأَمَّا الصَّلَاةُ فَلَنْ أَتْرُكَهَا أَبَدًا إنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ؛ وَأَمَّا الزَّكَاةُ فَإِنْ يَكُ لِي مَالٌ أُؤَدِّهَا إنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ؛ وَأَمَّا رَمَضَانُ فَلَنْ أَتْرُكَهُ أَبَدًا إنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ؛ وَأَمَّا الْحَجُّ فَإِنْ أَسْتَطِعْ أَحُجَّ إنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى؛ وَأَمَّا الْجَنَابَةُ فَسَأَغْتَسِلُ مِنْهَا إنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ؛ وَأَمَّا الْإِمَارَةُ فَإِنِّي رَأَيْتُ النَّاسَ يَا أَبَا بَكْرٍ لَا يَشْرُفُونَ عِنْدَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَعِنْدَ النَّاسِ إلَّا بِهَا، فَلِمَ تَنْهَانِي عَنْهَا ؟ قَالَ: إنَّكَ إنَّمَا اسْتَجْهَدْتَنِي لِأَجْهَدَ لَكَ، وَسَأُخْبِرُكَ عَنْ ذَلِكَ: إنْ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ بَعَثَ مُحَمَّدًا ﷺ بِهَذَا الدِّينِ، فَجَاهَدَ عَلَيْهِ حَتَّى دَخَلَ النَّاسُ فِيهِ طَوْعًا وَكَرْهًا، فَلَمَّا دَخَلُوا فِيهِ كَانُوا عُوَاذَ اللَّهِ وَجِيرَانَهُ، وَفِي ذِمَّتِهِ، فَإِيَّاكَ لَا تُخْفِرْ اللَّهَ فِي جِيرَانِهِ، فَيُتْبِعَكَ اللَّهُ خَفْرَتَهُ، فَإِنَّ أَحَدَكُمْ يُخْفَرُ فِي جَارِهِ؛ فَيَظِلَّ نَاتِئًا عَضَلَهُ، غَضَبًا لِجَارِهِ أَنْ أُصِيبَتْ لَهُ شَاةٌ أَوْ بَعِيرٌ، فَاَللَّهُ أَشَدُّ غَضَبًا لِجَارِهِ. قَالَ: فَفَارَقْتُهُ عَلَى ذَلِكَ. قَالَ: فَلَمَّا قُبِضَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَأُمِّرَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ عَلَى النَّاسِ، قَالَ: قَدِمْتُ عَلَيْهِ، فَقُلْتُ لَهُ: يَا أَبَا بَكْرٍ، أَلَمْ تَكُ نَهَيْتَنِي عَنْ أَنْ أَتَأَمَّرَ عَلَى رَجُلَيْنِ مِنْ الْمُسْلِمِينَ ؟ قَالَ: بَلَى، وَأَنَا الْآنَ أَنَهَاكَ عَنْ ذَلِكَ؛ قَالَ: فَقُلْتُ لَهُ: فَمَا حَمْلُكَ عَلَى أَنْ تَلِيَ أَمْرَ النَّاسِ ؟ قَالَ: لَا أَجِدُ مِنْ ذَلِكَ بُدًّا، خَشِيتُ عَلَى أُمَّةِ مُحَمَّدٍ ﷺ الْفُرْقَةَ فائدة قال ابن القيم رحمه الله تعالى: وَقدِ احْتَجَّ بِهَذِهِ الْقِصَّةِ -عمرو جنابته- مَنْ قَالَ: إِنَّ التَّيَمُّمَ لَا يَرْفَعُ الْحَدَثَ ؛ لِأَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ سَمَّاهُ جُنُبًا بَعْدَ تَيَمُّمِهِ، وَأَجَابَ مَنْ نَازَعَهُمْ فِي ذَلِكَ بِثَلَاثَةِ أَجْوِبَةٍ: أَحَدُهَا: أَنَّ الصَّحَابَةَ لَمَّا شَكَوْهُ قَالُوا: صَلَّى بِنَا الصُّبْحَ وَهُوَ جُنُبٌ، فَسَأَلَهُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ عَنْ ذَلِكَ، وَقَالَ: "صَلَّيْتَ بِأَصْحَابِكَ وَأَنْتَ جُنُبٌ ؟ " اسْتِفْهَامًا وَاسْتِعْلَامًا، فَلَمَّا أَخْبَرَهُ بِعُذْرِهِ وَأَنَّهُ تَيَمَّمَ لِلْحَاجَةِ أَقَرَّهُ عَلَى ذَلِكَ. الثَّانِي: أَنَّ الرِّوَايَةَ اخْتَلَفَتْ عَنْهُ، فَرُوِيَ عَنْهُ فِيهَا أَنَّهُ غَسَلَ مَغَابِنَهُ، وَتَوَضَّأَ وُضُوءَهُ لِلصَّلَاةِ، ثُمَّ صَلَّى بِهِمْ، وَلَمْ يُذْكَرِ التَّيَمُّمُ، وَكَأَنَّ هَذِهِ الرِّوَايَةَ أَقْوَى مِنْ رِوَايَةِ التَّيَمُّمِ، قَالَ عبد الحق وَقَدْ ذَكَرَهَا وَذَكَرَ رِوَايَةَ التَّيَمُّمِ قَبْلَهَا، ثُمَّ قَالَ: وَهَذَا أَوْصَلُ مِنَ الْأَوَّلِ؛ لِأَنَّهُ عَنْ عبد الرحمن بن جبير المصري، عَنْ أبي القيس مولى عمرو عَنْ عمرو. وَالْأُولَى الَّتِي فِيهَا التَّيَمُّمُ، مِنْ رِوَايَةِ عبد الرحمن بن جبير، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ الْعَاصِ، لَمْ يَذْكُرْ بَيْنَهُمَا أبا قيس. الثَّالِثُ: أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ أَرَادَ أَنْ يَسْتَعْلِمَ فِقْهَ عمرو فِي تَرْكِهِ الِاغْتِسَالَ، فَقَالَ لَهُ: "صَلَّيْتَ بِأَصْحَابِكَ وَأَنْتَ جُنُبٌ ؟ " فَلَمَّا أَخْبَرَهُ أَنَّهُ تَيَمَّمَ لِلْحَاجَةِ عَلِمَ فِقْهَهُ، فَلَمْ يُنْكِرْ عَلَيْهِ، وَيَدُلُّ عَلَيْهِ أَنَّ مَا فَعَلَهُ عمرو مِنَ التَّيَمُّمِ - وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ - خَشْيَةَ الْهَلَاكِ بِالْبَرْدِ، كَمَا أَخْبَرَ بِهِ، وَالصَّلَاةُ بِالتَّيَمُّمِ فِي هَذِهِ الْحَالِ جَائِزَةٌ غَيْرُ مُنْكَرٍ عَلَى فَاعِلِهَا، فَعُلِمَ أَنَّهُ أَرَادَ اسْتِعْلَامَ فِقْهِهِ وَعِلْمِهِ. وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ.
Translation
✧ The expedition of ʿAmr b. al-ʿĀṣ ؓ to Dhāt al-Salāsil in Jumādā al-Ākhirah of year eight: the campaign of Dhāt al-Salāsil. The ḥāfiẓ al-Bayhaqī mentioned it here before the campaign of the Conquest. He traced through the route of Mūsā b. ʿUqbah and ʿUrwah b. al-Zubayr, who said: The Messenger of God ﷺ sent ʿAmr b. al-ʿĀṣ to Dhāt al-Salāsil on the approaches to Syria among Balī, ʿAbd Allāh, and those adjacent to them of Quḍāʿah—ʿUrwah b. al-Zubayr said: Banū Balī are the maternal uncles of al-ʿĀṣ b. Wāʾil—so when he reached there he feared the multitude of his enemy, and he sent to the Messenger of God ﷺ requesting reinforcements. The Messenger of God ﷺ called out the first Emigrants, and Abū Bakr and ʿUmar volunteered among a group of the noble Emigrants, ؓ all of them, and the Messenger of God ﷺ placed Abū ʿUbaydah b. al-Jarrāḥ in command over them. Mūsā b. ʿUqbah said: When they came to ʿAmr he said: I am your commander, and I sent to the Messenger of God ﷺ requesting reinforcements through you. The Emigrants said: Rather, you are commander of your companions, and Abū ʿUbaydah is commander of the Emigrants. ʿAmr said: You are only a reinforcement I was reinforced with. When Abū ʿUbaydah saw that—and he was a man of good character and gentle nature—he said: Know, O ʿAmr, that the last thing the Messenger of God ﷺ enjoined upon me was that he said: "When you come to your companion, cooperate with each other; and if you disobey me, I will obey you." So Abū ʿUbaydah surrendered the command to ʿAmr b. al-ʿĀṣ. Muḥammad b. Isḥāq said: Muḥammad b. ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. ʿAbd Allāh b. al-Ḥuṣayn al-Tamīmī narrated to me, saying: The Messenger of God ﷺ sent ʿAmr b. al-ʿĀṣ to summon the Arabs to Islam. That was because the mother of al-ʿĀṣ b. Wāʾil was from Banū Balī, so the Messenger of God ﷺ sent him to them to win them over through that. When he was at a watering place in the land of Judhām called al-Salāsil—and because of it that campaign was named Dhāt al-Salāsil—he said: When he was there and became afraid, he sent to the Messenger of God ﷺ requesting reinforcements, and he sent him Abū ʿUbaydah b. al-Jarrāḥ among the first Emigrants, among them Abū Bakr and ʿUmar, and he said to Abū ʿUbaydah when he dispatched him: "Do not disagree." Abū ʿUbaydah set out until he came to him, and ʿAmr said to him: You have only come as a reinforcement to me. Abū ʿUbaydah said to him: No, rather I remain as I am, and you remain as you are. Abū ʿUbaydah was a gentle, easy man, for whom matters of this world were of little importance. ʿAmr said to him: You are my reinforcement. Abū ʿUbaydah said to him: O ʿAmr, the Messenger of God ﷺ said to me: "Do not disagree," and if you disobey me, I will obey you. ʿAmr said to him: Then I am commander over you, and you are only a reinforcement for me. He said: So have it your way. So ʿAmr b. al-ʿĀṣ led the people in prayer. Al-Wāqidī said: Rabīʿah b. ʿUthmān narrated to me, from Yazīd b. Rūmān, that when Abū ʿUbaydah returned to ʿAmr b. al-ʿĀṣ, they became five hundred, and they marched night and day until he trod the lands of Balī and subdued them. Whenever he reached a place where he was told there had been a gathering, when they heard of him they dispersed, until he reached the farthest lands of Balī, ʿUdhrah, and Bilqayn. At the end of that he met a gathering that was not large, and they fought for a while and shot arrows at each other. On that day ʿĀmir b. Rabīʿah was shot and his arm was wounded. The Muslims charged them and they fled, escaping in flight into the land and dispersing. ʿAmr subdued what was there and stayed for days without hearing of any gathering or place they had gone to. He would send out the horsemen, and they would bring sheep and cattle, which they would slaughter and butcher. There was nothing more than that, and there were no spoils to be divided. ʿAmr's dry ablution from major ritual impurity and his praying with his companions. Abū Dāwūd said: Ibn al-Muthannā narrated to us, Wahb b. Jarīr narrated to us, my father narrated to us, I heard Yaḥyā b. Ayyūb narrating from Yazīd b. Abī Ḥabīb, from ʿImrān b. Abī Anas, from ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. Jubayr, from ʿAmr b. al-ʿĀṣ, who said: I had a nocturnal emission on a cold night during the campaign of Dhāt al-Salāsil, and I feared that if I washed I would perish. He said: So I performed dry ablution and then prayed the dawn prayer with my companions. They mentioned that to the Messenger of God ﷺ, and he said: "O ʿAmr, did you pray with your companions while you were in a state of major ritual impurity?" He said: So I informed him of what prevented me from washing, and I said: I heard God say: "And do not kill yourselves; indeed God is ever merciful to you" (al-Nisāʾ: 29). The Prophet of God ﷺ laughed and did not say anything. Muḥammad b. Salamah narrated to us, Ibn Wahb narrated to us, Ibn Lahīʿah and ʿAmr b. al-Ḥārith narrated to us, from Yazīd b. Abī Ḥabīb, from ʿImrān b. Abī Anas, from ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. Jubayr, from Abū Qays, the client of ʿAmr b. al-ʿĀṣ, that ʿAmr b. al-ʿĀṣ was in command of a detachment. He mentioned the ḥadīth similarly. He said: So he washed his folds and performed the ablution for prayer, then prayed with them. He mentioned something similar, and did not mention the dry ablution. Abū Dāwūd said: This story was also narrated from al-Awzāʿī, from Ḥassān b. ʿAṭiyyah, and he said in it: So he performed dry ablution. Al-Wāqidī said: Aflaḥ b. Saʿīd narrated to me, from Ibn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. Ruqaysh, from Abū Bakr b. Ḥazm, who said: When they were returning, ʿAmr b. al-ʿĀṣ had a nocturnal emission on a cold night of the most intense cold. He said to his companions: What do you think? By God, I have had a nocturnal emission, and if I wash I will die. So he called for water, performed ablution, washed his private part, and performed dry ablution, then stood and prayed with them. The first one sent as a messenger was ʿAwf b. Mālik. ʿAwf said: I came to the Messenger of God ﷺ before dawn while he was praying in his house, and I greeted him. The Messenger of God ﷺ said: "ʿAwf b. Mālik?" I said: ʿAwf b. Mālik, O Messenger of God. He said: "The owner of the slaughtered camel?" I said: Yes. He did not add anything after that, then said: "Tell me." So I told him about our march and what happened between Abū ʿUbaydah and ʿAmr, and Abū ʿUbaydah's compliance. The Messenger of God ﷺ said: "May God have mercy on Abū ʿUbaydah b. al-Jarrāḥ." He said: Then I told him that ʿAmr prayed with the people while he was in a state of major ritual impurity with water available, and he did no more than wash his private part and perform ablution. The Messenger of God ﷺ remained silent. When ʿAmr came to the Messenger of God ﷺ, he asked him about his prayer, and he informed him. He said: By the One who sent you with the truth, if I had washed I would have died; I have never felt cold like it. And God Most High said: "And do not kill yourselves; indeed God is ever merciful to you." He said: The Messenger of God ﷺ laughed, and it did not reach us that he said anything. What happened with ʿAwf b. Mālik and the slaughtered camel. Ibn Isḥāq said: Yazīd b. Abī Ḥabīb narrated to me, from ʿAwf b. Mālik al-Ashjaʿī, who said: I was in the campaign in which the Messenger of God ﷺ sent ʿAmr b. al-ʿĀṣ, which is the campaign of Dhāt al-Salāsil, and I accompanied Abū Bakr and ʿUmar. I passed by people who had slaughtered a camel and were unable to butcher it. I was a skilled butcher, so I said to them: Will you give me a tenth of it in return for dividing it among you? They said: Yes. I took the blade and butchered it on the spot, and took a portion and carried it to my companions, and we cooked and ate it. Abū Bakr and ʿUmar said: Where did you get this meat, O ʿAwf? I informed them, and they said: No, by God, you did not do well when you fed us this. Then they stood up and vomited what was in their stomachs of it. When the people returned from that journey, I was the first to arrive to the Messenger of God ﷺ, and I came to him while he was praying in his house and said: Peace be upon you, O Messenger of God, and the mercy of God and His blessings. He said: "Are you ʿAwf b. Mālik?" I said: Yes, may my father and mother be ransom for you. He said: "The owner of the slaughtered camel?" and he added nothing more to me. This is how Muḥammad b. Isḥāq narrated it, from Yazīd b. Abī Ḥabīb, from ʿAwf b. Mālik, and it is disconnected, indeed problematic. Al-Ḥāfiẓ al-Bayhaqī said: Ibn Lahīʿah and Saʿīd b. Abī Ayyūb narrated it, from Yazīd b. Abī Ḥabīb, from Rabīʿah b. Laqīṭ, from Mālik b. Hidm—I think—from ʿAwf b. Mālik, and mentioned something similar, except that he said: I offered it to ʿUmar, and he asked me about it, so I informed him, and he said: You have hastened your reward. And he did not eat it. Then he reported something similar from Abū ʿUbaydah, and did not mention Abū Bakr in it, and its completion is like what preceded. ʿAmr b. al-ʿĀṣ asking the Prophet ﷺ who is most beloved to him. Al-Ḥāfiẓ al-Bayhaqī said: Abū ʿAbd Allāh al-Ḥāfiẓ and Abū Saʿīd b. Abī ʿAmr informed us, saying: Abū al-ʿAbbās Muḥammad b. Yaʿqūb al-Aṣamm narrated to us, Yaḥyā b. Abī Ṭālib narrated to us, ʿAlī b. ʿĀṣim narrated to us, Khālid al-Ḥadhdhāʾ narrated to us, from Abū ʿUthmān al-Nahdī, I heard ʿAmr b. al-ʿĀṣ say: The Messenger of God ﷺ sent me in command of the army of Dhāt al-Salāsil, and among the people were Abū Bakr and ʿUmar. I said to myself that he did not send me over Abū Bakr and ʿUmar except because of a rank I had with him. He said: So I came to him and sat before him and said: O Messenger of God, who is the most beloved of people to you? He said: "ʿĀʾishah." I said: I am not asking you about your family. He said: "Then her father." I said: Then who? He said: "ʿUmar." I said: Then who? Until he counted a group. He said: I said to myself: I will not return to asking about this. This ḥadīth is recorded in the two Ṣaḥīḥs through the route of Khālid b. Mihrān al-Ḥadhdhāʾ, from Abū ʿUthmān al-Nahdī, whose name is ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. Mall, who said: ʿAmr b. al-ʿĀṣ narrated to me that the Messenger of God ﷺ sent him in command of the army of Dhāt al-Salāsil. So I came to him and said: Which of the people is most beloved to you? He said: "ʿĀʾishah." I said: Among the men? He said: "Her father." I said: Then who? He said: "Then ʿUmar b. al-Khaṭṭāb," and he counted men. This is the wording of al-Bukhārī. In another narration: ʿAmr said: So I fell silent for fear that he would place me at the last of them. [The advice of Abū Bakr to Rāfiʿ b. Rāfiʿ] He said: Part of what was narrated about this campaign was that Rāfiʿ b. Abī Rāfiʿ al-Ṭāʾī, who is Rāfiʿ b. ʿUmayrah, used to relate, as far as it reached me about himself: I was a Christian man, named Sarjis, and I was the best guide of people and most knowledgeable of this sand. In the Jāhiliyyah I used to bury water in ostrich eggs in the areas of the sand, then raid people's camels. When I brought them into the sand, I would overcome them, and no one could pursue me in it, until I passed by that water I had hidden in the ostrich eggs and extracted it and drank from it. When I became Muslim, I went out in that campaign in which the Messenger of God ﷺ sent ʿAmr b. al-ʿĀṣ to Dhāt al-Salāsil. He said: I said: By God, I will choose a companion for myself. He said: So I accompanied Abū Bakr, and I was with him in his saddle. He had a Fadakī cloak of his. When we dismounted he spread it, and when we mounted he wore it, then fastened it with a pin of his. He said: That is why the people of Najd, when they apostatized as disbelievers, said: We pledge allegiance to the owner of the cloak. He said: When we approached Madinah on our return, I said: O Abū Bakr, I accompanied you only so that God might benefit me through you, so advise me and teach me. He said: Even if you had not asked me that, I would have done it. He said: I command you to declare God's oneness and not associate anything with Him, to establish prayer, to give alms, to fast Ramaḍān, to perform pilgrimage to this House, to wash from major ritual impurity, and never to seek command over any Muslim man. He said: I said: O Abū Bakr, as for me, by God, I hope never to associate anyone with God. As for prayer, I will never abandon it, God willing. As for alms, if I have wealth I will pay it, God willing. As for Ramaḍān, I will never abandon it, God willing. As for pilgrimage, if I am able I will perform it, God willing. As for major ritual impurity, I will wash from it, God willing. As for command, I have seen people, O Abū Bakr, that they gain honor with the Messenger of God ﷺ and with people only through it, so why do you forbid me from it? He said: You have asked me earnestly so that I may exert myself for you, and I will tell you about that. God, Mighty and Majestic, sent Muḥammad ﷺ with this religion, and he strove for it until people entered it willingly and unwillingly. When they entered it, they became God's protected ones and His neighbors, under His protection. Beware lest you violate God's protection regarding His neighbors, so that God pursues you with His anger. For one of you may be wronged regarding his neighbor, and he remains with his muscles bulging in anger for his neighbor if a sheep or camel of his is struck. God is more intense in anger for His neighbor. He said: So I parted from him on that. He said: When the Messenger of God ﷺ passed away and Abū Bakr was placed in command over the people, I came to him and said: O Abū Bakr, did you not forbid me from seeking command over two Muslim men? He said: Yes, and now I forbid you from that. I said to him: What made you take charge of the people's affairs? He said: I found no alternative; I feared division for the community of Muḥammad ﷺ. A benefit: Ibn al-Qayyim, may God Most High have mercy on him, said: Those who held that dry ablution does not remove the state of ritual impurity used this story—ʿAmr's major ritual impurity—as evidence, because the Prophet ﷺ called him junub after his dry ablution. Those who disputed with them responded with three answers: First: When the Companions complained about him, they said: He prayed the dawn prayer with us while junub, and the Prophet ﷺ asked him about that, saying: "Did you pray with your companions while you were junub?" as an inquiry and investigation. When he informed him of his excuse and that he performed dry ablution out of necessity, he approved him for that. Second: The narrations differ from him. It was narrated from him in this story that he washed his folds and performed the ablution for prayer, then prayed with them, and the dry ablution was not mentioned. It is as if this narration is stronger than the narration of dry ablution. ʿAbd al-Ḥaqq said, after mentioning it and mentioning the narration of dry ablution before it: This is better connected than the first, because it is from ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. Jubayr al-Miṣrī, from Abū al-Qays, the client of ʿAmr, from ʿAmr. The first, which contains the dry ablution, is from the narration of ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. Jubayr, from ʿAmr b. al-ʿĀṣ, without mentioning Abū Qays between them. Third: The Prophet ﷺ wanted to investigate ʿAmr's understanding in his leaving the washing, so he said to him: "Did you pray with your companions while you were junub?" When he informed him that he performed dry ablution out of necessity, he knew his understanding and did not object to him. What indicates this is that what ʿAmr did regarding the dry ablution—and God knows best—was out of fear of perishing from the cold, as he reported, and prayer with dry ablution in that situation is permissible and not objectionable for the one who does it. Thus it is known that he wanted to investigate his understanding and knowledge. And God knows best.
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No grade is recorded for this wording.