Tarikh (al-Tabari) 1719
A summary of the expeditions
ذِكْرُ جُمْلَةِ الْغَزَوَاتِ بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ عَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ بْنُ هِشَامٍ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا زِيَادُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْبَكَّائِيَّ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إسْحَاقَ الْمُطَّلِبِيِّ: وَكَانَ جَمِيعُ مَا غَزَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِنَفْسِهِ سَبْعًا وَعِشْرِينَ غَزْوَةً. مِنْهَا غَزْوَةُ وَدَّانَ، وَهِيَ غَزْوَةُ الْأَبْوَاءِ، ثُمَّ غَزْوَةُ بُوَاطَ، مِنْ نَاحِيَةِ رَضْوَى، ثُمَّ غَزْوَةُ الْعَشِيرَةِ، مِنْ بَطْنِ يَنْبُعَ، ثُمَّ غَزْوَةُ بَدْرٍ الْأُولَى، يَطْلُبُ كُرْزَ بْنَ جَابِرٍ، ثُمَّ غَزْوَةُ بَدْرٍ الْكُبْرَى، الَّتِي قَتَلَ اللَّهُ فِيهَا صَنَادِيدَ قُرَيْشٍ، ثُمَّ غَزْوَةُ بَنِي سُلَيْمٍ، حَتَّى بَلَغَ الْكُدْرَ، ثُمَّ غَزْوَةُ السَّوِيقِ، يَطْلُبُ أَبَا سُفْيَانَ بْنَ حَرْبٍ، ثُمَّ غَزْوَةُ غَطَفَانَ، وَهِيَ غَزْوَةُ ذِي أَمِرٍ، ثُمَّ غَزْوَةُ بَحْرَانَ، مَعْدِنٌ بِالْحِجَازِ، ثُمَّ غَزْوَةُ أُحُدٍ، ثُمَّ غَزْوَةُ حَمْرَاءَ الْأَسَدِ، ثُمَّ غَزْوَةُ بَنِي النَّضِيرِ، ثُمَّ غَزْوَةُ ذَاتِ الرِّقَاعِ مِنْ نَخْلٍ، ثُمَّ غَزْوَةُ بَدْرٍ الْآخِرَةِ، ثُمَّ غَزْوَةُ دَوْمَةِ الْجَنْدَلِ، ثُمَّ غَزْوَةُ الْخَنْدَقِ، ثُمَّ غَزْوَةُ بَنِي قُرَيْظَةَ، ثُمَّ غَزْوَةُ بَنِي لِحْيَانَ، مِنْ هُذَيْلٍ، ثُمَّ غَزْوَةُ ذِي قَرَدٍ، ثُمَّ غَزْوَةُ بَنِي الْمُصْطَلِقِ مِنْ خُزَاعَةَ، ثُمَّ غَزْوَةُ الْحُدَيْبِيَةِ، لَا يُرِيدُ قِتَالًا، فَصَدَّهُ الْمُشْرِكُونَ، ثُمَّ غَزْوَةُ خَيْبَرَ، ثُمَّ عُمْرَةُ الْقَضَاءِ، ثُمَّ غَزْوَةُ الْفَتْحِ، ثُمَّ غَزْوَةُ حُنَيْنٍ، ثُمَّ غَزْوَةُ الطَّائِفِ، ثُمَّ غَزْوَةُ تَبُوكَ. قَاتَلَ مِنْهَا فِي تِسْعِ غَزَوَاتٍ: بَدْرٍ، وَأُحُدٍ وَالْخَنْدَقِ، وَقُرَيْظَةَ، وَالْمُصْطَلِقِ، وَخَيْبَرَ، وَالْفَتْحِ، وَحُنَيْنٍ، وَالطَّائِفِ. ذِكْرُ جُمْلَةِ السَّرَايَا وَالْبُعُوثِ وَكَانَتْ بُعُوثُهُ ﷺ وَسَرَايَاهُ ثَمَانِيًّا وَثَلَاثِينَ، مِنْ بَيْنَ بَعْثٍ وَسَرِيَّةٍ: غَزْوَةُ عُبَيْدَةَ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ أَسْفَلَ مِنْ ثَنِيَّةِ ذِي الْمَرْوَةِ، ثُمَّ غَزْوَةُ حَمْزَةَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ سَاحِلَ الْبَحْرِ، مِنْ نَاحِيَةِ الْعِيصِ؛ وَبَعْضُ النَّاسِ يُقَدِّمُ غَزْوَةَ حَمْزَةَ قَبْلَ غَزْوَةِ عُبَيْدَةَ؛ وَغَزْوَةُ سَعْدِ بْنِ أَبِي وَقَّاصٍ الْخَرَّارَ، وَغَزْوَةُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ جَحْشٍ نَخْلَةَ، وَغَزْوَةُ زَيْدِ بْنِ حَارِثَةَ الْقَرَدَةَ وَغَزْوَةُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مَسْلَمَةَ كَعْبَ بْنَ الْأَشْرَفِ، وَغَزْوَةُ مَرْثَدِ بْنِ أَبِي مَرْثَدٍ الْغَنَوِيِّ الرَّجِيعَ، وَغَزْوَةُ الْمُنْذِرِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو بِئْرَ مَعُونَةَ، وَغَزْوَةُ أَبِي عُبَيْدَةَ بْنِ الْجَرَّاحِ ذَا الْقَصَّةِ، مِنْ طَرِيقِ الْعِرَاقِ، وَغَزْوَةُ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ تُرْبَةَ مِنْ أَرْضِ بَنِي عَامِرٍ، وَغَزْوَةُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ الْيَمَنَ، وَغَزْوَةُ غَالِبِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْكَلْبِيِّ، كَلْبِ لَيْثٍ، الْكَدِيدَ، فَأَصَابَ بَنِي الْمُلَوَّحِ. قَالَ ابْنُ إسْحَاقَ: وَغَزْوَةُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ ؓ بَنِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ مِنْ أَهْلِ فَدَكَ ؛ وَغَزْوَةُ أَبِي الْعَوْجَاءِ السُّلَمِيُّ أَرْضَ بَنِي سُلَيْمٍ ، أُصِيبَ بِهَا هُوَ وَأَصْحَابُهُ جَمِيعًا؛ وَغَزْوَةُ عُكَاشَةَ بْنِ مِحْصَنٍ الْغَمْرَةَ ؛ وَغَزْوَةُ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ ب?نِ عَبْدِ الْأَسَدِ قَطَنًا ، مَاءٌ مِنْ مِيَاهِ بَنِي أَسَدٍ، مِنْ نَاحِيَةِ نَجْدٍ، قُتِلَ بِهَا مَسْعُودُ بْنُ عُرْوَةَ؛ وَغَزْوَةُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مَسْلَمَةَ، أَخِي بَنِي حَارِثَةَ الْقُرَطَاءَ مِنْ هَوَازِنَ ؛ وَغَزْوَةُ بَشِيرِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ بَنِي مُرَّةَ بِفَدَكَ؛ وَغَزْوَةُ بَشِيرِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ نَاحِيَةَ خَيْبَرَ، وَغَزْوَةُ زَيْدِ بْنِ حَارِثَةَ الْجَمُومَ مِنْ أَرْضِ بَنِي سُلَيْمٍ، وَغَزْوَةُ زَيْدِ بْنِ حَارِثَةَ جُذَامَ، مِنْ أَرْضِ خُشَيْنٍ. قَالَ ابْنُ هِشَامٍ: عَنْ نَفْسِهِ، وَالشَّافِعِيُّ عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ حَبِيبٍ عَنْ ابْنِ إسْحَاقَ: مِنْ أَرْضِ حِسْمَى. وفي الكامل قال: وَجَمِيعُ غَزَوَاتِهِ بِنَفْسِهِ ﷺ تِسْعَ عَشْرَةَ غَزْوَةً. قَالَ الْوَاقِدِيُّ: هَكَذَا يَرْوِيهِ أَهْلُ الْعِرَاقِ عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَرْقَمَ، وَهُوَ خَطَأٌ؛ لِأَنَّ زَيْدًا غَزَا مُؤْتَةَ مَعَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ رَوَاحَةَ وَهُوَ رَدِيفُهُ عَلَى رَحْلِهِ، وَلَمْ يَغْزُ مَعَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ غَيْرَ ثَلَاثِ غَزَوَاتٍ أَوْ أَرْبَعٍ، وَقِيلَ: غَزَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ سِتًّا وَعِشْرِينَ غَزْوَةً، وَقِيلَ: سَبْعًا وَعِشْرِينَ، فَمَنْ قَالَ سِتًّا وَعِشْرِينَ جَعَلَ غَزْوَةَ خَيْبَرَ وَوَادِيَ الْقُرَى وَاحِدَةً؛ لِأَنَّهُ لَمْ يَرْجِعْ مِنْ خَيْبَرَ إِلَى مَنْزِلِهِ، وَمَنْ فَرَّقَ بَيْنَهُمَا جَعَلَ غَزَوَاتِهِ سَبْعًا وَعِشْرِينَ، وَجَعَلَ خَيْبَرَ غَزْوَةً، وَوَادِيَ الْقُرَى غَزْوَةً. غَزَوَاتِهِ وَبُعُوثِهِ وَسَرَايَاهُ ﷺ غَزَوَاتُهُ كُلُّهَا وَبُعُوثُهُ وَسَرَايَاهُ كَانَتْ بَعْدَ الْهِجْرَةِ فِي مُدَّةِ عَشْرِ سِنِينَ، فَالْغَزَوَاتُ سَبْعٌ وَعِشْرُونَ، وَقِيلَ: خَمْسٌ وَعِشْرُونَ، وَقِيلَ: تِسْعٌ وَعِشْرُونَ، وَقِيلَ غَيْرُ ذَلِكَ، قَاتَلَ مِنْهَا فِي تِسْعٍ: بَدْرٍ، وَأُحُدٍ، وَالْخَنْدَقِ، وَقُرَيْظَةَ، وَالْمُصْطَلِقِ، وَخَيْبَرَ، وَالْفَتْحِ، وَحُنَيْنٍ، وَالطَّائِفِ. وَقِيلَ: قَاتَلَ فِي بَنِي النَّضِيرِ، وَالْغَابَةِ، وَوَادِي الْقُرَى مِنْ أَعْمَالِ خَيْبَرَ. وَأَمَّا سَرَايَاهُ وَبُعُوثُهُ، فَقَرِيبٌ مِنْ سِتِّينَ وَالْغَزَوَاتُ الْكِبَارُ الْأُمُّهَاتُ سَبْعٌ: بَدْرٌ، وَأُحُدٌ، وَالْخَنْدَقُ، وَخَيْبَرُ، وَالْفَتْحُ، وَحُنَيْنٌ، وَتَبُوكُ. وَفِي شَأْنِ هَذِهِ الْغَزَوَاتِ نَزَلَ الْقُرْآنُ، فَسُورَةُ ( الْأَنْفَالِ ) سُورَةُ بَدْرٍ، وَفِي أُحُدٍ آخِرُ سُورَةِ ( آلِ عِمْرَانَ ) مِنْ قَوْلِهِ ( وَإِذْ غَدَوْتَ مِنْ أَهْلِكَ تُبَوِّئُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ مَقَاعِدَ لِلْقِتَالِ ) [ آلِ عِمْرَانَ 121 ] إِلَى قُبَيْلِ آخِرِهَا بِيَسِيرٍ، وَفِي قِصَّةِ الْخَنْدَقِ، وَقُرَيْظَةَ، وَخَيْبَرَ صَدْرُ ( سُورَةِ الْأَحْزَابِ )، وَسُورَةُ ( الْحَشْرِ ) فِي بَنِي النَّضِيرِ، وَفِي قِصَّةِ الْحُدَيْبِيَةِ وَخَيْبَرَ سُورَةُ ( الْفَتْحِ ) وَأُشِيرَ فِيهَا إِلَى الْفَتْحِ، وَذُكِرَ الْفَتْحُ صَرِيحًا فِي سُورَةِ ( النَّصْرِ ). وَجُرِحَ مِنْهَا ﷺ فِي غَزْوَةٍ وَاحِدَةٍ وَهِيَ أُحُدٌ ، وَقَاتَلَتْ مَعَهُ الْمَلَائِكَةُ مِنْهَا فِي بَدْرٍ وَحُنَيْنٍ، وَنَزَلَتِ الْمَلَائِكَةُ يَوْمَ الْخَنْدَقِ، فَزَلْزَلَتِ الْمُشْرِكِينَ وَهَزَمَتْهُمْ ، وَرَمَى فِيهَا الْحَصْبَاءَ فِي وُجُوهِ الْمُشْرِكِينَ فَهَرَبُوا، وَكَانَ الْفَتْحُ فِي غَزْوَتَيْنِ: بَدْرٍ، وَحُنَيْنٍ. وَقَاتَلَ بِالْمَنْجَنِيقِ مِنْهَا فِي غَزْوَةٍ وَاحِدَةٍ، وَهِيَ الطَّائِفُ، وَتَحَصَّنَ فِي الْخَنْدَقِ فِي وَاحِدَةٍ، وَهِيَ الْأَحْزَابُ أَشَارَ بِهِ عَلَيْهِ سَلْمَانُ الْفَارِسِيُّ ؓ. وَذَكَرَهَا -يعني السريا والبعوث- أَبُو عُمَرَ رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى فِي أَوَّلِ الِاسْتِيعَابِ سَبْعًا وَأَرْبَعِينَ. وَذَكَرَهَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عُمَرَ رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى ثَمَانِيًا وَأَرْبَعِينَ وَأَبُو الْفَضْلِ سِتًّا وَخَمْسِينَ. وَنَقَلَ الْمَسْعُودِيُّ عَنْ بَعْضِهِمْ أَنَّهَا سِتُّونَ. وَعَلَى ذَلِكَ جَرَى الْحَافِظُ أَبُو الْفَضْلِ الْعِرَاقِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى فِي أَلْفِيَّةِ السِّيرَةِ، وَذَكَرَ فِيهَا أَنَّ الْإِمَامَ الْحَافِظَ مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ نَصْرٍ أَوْصَلَهَا إِلَى السَّبْعِينَ، وَأَنَّ الْإِمَامَ الْحَافِظَ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَاكِمَ رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى قَالَ: إِنَّهُ ذَكَرَ فِي الْإِكْلِيلِ أَنَّهَا فَوْقَ الْمِائَةِ. قَالَ الْعِرَاقِيُّ: وَلَمْ أَجِدْ هَذَا الْقَوْلَ لِأَحَدٍ سِوَاهُ. قَالَ الْحَافِظُ رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى: لَعَلَّ الْحَاكِمَ أَرَادَ بِضَمِّ الْمَغَازِي إِلَيْهَا. قُلْتُ: عِبَارَةُ الْحَاكِمِ كَمَا رَوَاهَا عَنْهُ ابْنُ عَسَاكِرَ بَعْدَ أَنْ رُوِيَ عَنْ قَتَادَةَ أَنَّ مَغَازِيَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَسَرَايَاهُ كَانَتْ ثَلَاثًا وَأَرْبَعِينَ. قَالَ الْحَاكِمُ: هَكَذَا كَتَبْنَاهُ. وَأَظُنُّهُ أَرَادَ السَّرَايَا دُونَ الْغَزَوَاتِ، فَقَدْ ذَكَرْتُ فِي كِتَابِ الْإِكْلِيلِ عَلَى التَّرْتِيبِ بُعُوثَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَسَرَايَاهُ زِيَادَةً عَلَى الْمِائَةِ. قَالَ: «وَأَخْبَرَنِي الثِّقَةُ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا بِبُخَارَى أَنَّهُ قَرَأَ فِي كِتَابِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ نَصْرٍ السَّرَايَا وَالْبُعُوثَ دُونَ الْحُرُوبِ بِنَفْسِهِ نَيِّفًا وَسَبْعِينَ». انْتَهَى. قَالَ فِي الْبِدَايَةِ: وَهَذَا الَّذِي ذَكَرَهُ الْحَاكِمُ غَرِيبٌ جِدًّا، وَحَمْلُهُ كَلَامَ قَتَادَةَ عَلَى مَا قَالَ، فِيهِ نَظَرٌ فَقَدْ رَوَى الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ [عَنْ أَزْهَرَ بْنِ الْقَاسِمِ الرَّاسِبِيِّ عَنْ هِشَامٍ الدَّسْتَوَائِيِّ] عَنْ قَتَادَةَ أَنَّ مَغَازِيَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَسَرَايَاهُ ثَلَاثٌ وَأَرْبَعُونَ: أَرْبَعَةٌ وَعِشْرُونَ بَعْثًا وَتِسْعَ عَشْرَةَ غَزْوَةً. قُلْتُ: وَالَّذِي وَقَفْتُ عَلَيْهِ مِنَ السَّرَايَا وَالْبُعُوثِ لِغَيْرِ الزَّكَاةِ يَزِيدُ عَلَى السَّبْعِينَ.
Translation
✧ A summary of the expeditions In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. He said: Abu Muhammad ʿAbd al-Malik b. Hishām narrated to us, he said: Ziyād b. ʿAbd Allāh al-Bakkāʾī narrated to us from Muḥammad b. Isḥāq al-Muṭṭalibī: The total number of expeditions in which the Messenger of Allah ﷺ personally took part was twenty-seven. Among them was the expedition of Waddān, which is the expedition of al-Abwāʾ; then the expedition of Buwāṭ, in the direction of Raḍwā; then the expedition of al-ʿUshayra, in the valley of Yanbuʿ; then the first expedition of Badr, seeking Kurz b. Jābir; then the major expedition of Badr, in which Allah killed the leading nobles of Quraysh; then the expedition of Banū Sulaym, until he reached al-Kudr; then the expedition of al-Sawīq, seeking Abū Sufyān b. Ḥarb; then the expedition of Ghaṭafān, which is the expedition of Dhū Amar; then the expedition of Baḥrān, a mine in the Ḥijāz; then the expedition of Uḥud; then the expedition of Ḥamrāʾ al-Asad; then the expedition of Banū al-Naḍīr; then the expedition of Dhāt al-Riqāʿ from Nakhl; then the second expedition of Badr; then the expedition of Dūmat al-Jandal; then the expedition of al-Khandaq; then the expedition of Banū Qurayẓa; then the expedition of Banū Liḥyān, from Hudhayl; then the expedition of Dhū Qarad; then the expedition of Banū al-Muṣṭaliq from Khuzāʿa; then the expedition of al-Ḥudaybiya, not intending to fight, but the polytheists turned him back; then the expedition of Khaybar; then the ʿumra of al-Qaḍāʾ; then the expedition of the conquest; then the expedition of Ḥunayn; then the expedition of al-Ṭāʾif; then the expedition of Tabūk. He fought in nine of them: Badr, Uḥud, al-Khandaq, Qurayẓa, al-Muṣṭaliq, Khaybar, the conquest, Ḥunayn, and al-Ṭāʾif. A summary of the raiding parties and military missions His ﷺ missions and raiding parties were thirty-eight, including both missions and raiding parties: the expedition of ʿUbayda b. al-Ḥārith below the mountain pass of Dhū al-Marwa; then the expedition of Ḥamza b. ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib to the seacoast, in the direction of al-ʿĪṣ; some people place the expedition of Ḥamza before that of ʿUbayda; and the expedition of Saʿd b. Abī Waqqāṣ to al-Kharrār; and the expedition of ʿAbd Allāh b. Jaḥsh to Nakhla; and the expedition of Zayd b. Ḥāritha to al-Qarada; and the expedition of Muḥammad b. Maslama to Kaʿb b. al-Ashraf; and the expedition of Marthad b. Abī Marthad al-Ghanawī to al-Rajīʿ; and the expedition of al-Mundhir b. ʿAmr to Biʾr Maʿūna; and the expedition of Abū ʿUbayda b. al-Jarrāḥ to Dhū al-Qaṣṣa, on the road to Iraq; and the expedition of ʿUmar b. al-Khaṭṭāb to Turaba in the land of Banū ʿĀmir; and the expedition of ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālib to Yemen; and the expedition of Ghālib b. ʿAbd Allāh al-Kalbī, of Kalb Layth, to al-Kadīd, where he struck Banū al-Mulawwaḥ. Ibn Isḥāq said: And the expedition of ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālib ؓ against Banū ʿAbd Allāh b. Saʿd from the people of Fadak; and the expedition of Abū al-ʿAwjāʾ al-Sulamī to the land of Banū Sulaym, in which he and all his companions were killed; and the expedition of ʿUkāsha b. Miḥṣan to al-Ghamra; and the expedition of Abū Salama b. ʿAbd al-Asad to Qaṭan, a watering place of Banū Asad, in the direction of Najd, in which Masʿūd b. ʿUrwa was killed; and the expedition of Muḥammad b. Maslama, brother of Banū Ḥāritha, to al-Quraṭāʾ of Hawāzin; and the expedition of Bashīr b. Saʿd against Banū Murra at Fadak; and the expedition of Bashīr b. Saʿd to the vicinity of Khaybar; and the expedition of Zayd b. Ḥāritha to al-Jamūm in the land of Banū Sulaym; and the expedition of Zayd b. Ḥāritha to Judhām, in the land of Khushayn. Ibn Hishām said: on his own authority, and al-Shāfiʿī from ʿAmr b. Ḥabīb from Ibn Isḥāq: from the land of Ḥismā. In al-Kāmil he said: And all his expeditions in which he himself ﷺ took part were nineteen expeditions. Al-Wāqidī said: This is how the people of Iraq relate it from Zayd b. Arqam, and it is an error; because Zayd fought at Muʾta with ʿAbd Allāh b. Rawāḥa, riding behind him on his mount, and he did not fight with the Prophet ﷺ except in three or four expeditions. It was said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ fought twenty-six expeditions, and it was said: twenty-seven. Whoever said twenty-six counted the expedition of Khaybar and Wādī al-Qurā as one, because he did not return from Khaybar to his home; and whoever distinguished between them made his expeditions twenty-seven, counting Khaybar as one expedition and Wādī al-Qurā as another. His expeditions, missions, and raiding parties ﷺ All his expeditions, missions, and raiding parties took place after the Hijra within a period of ten years. The expeditions numbered twenty-seven; some said twenty-five; some said twenty-nine; and others said otherwise. He fought in nine of them: Badr, Uḥud, al-Khandaq, Qurayẓa, al-Muṣṭaliq, Khaybar, the conquest, Ḥunayn, and al-Ṭāʾif. It was also said: He fought in Banū al-Naḍīr, al-Ghāba, and Wādī al-Qurā, which is among the dependencies of Khaybar. As for his raiding parties and missions, they were close to sixty. The major, principal expeditions were seven: Badr, Uḥud, al-Khandaq, Khaybar, the conquest, Ḥunayn, and Tabūk. Concerning these expeditions the Qurʾān was revealed: Sūrat al-Anfāl is the Sūra of Badr. Concerning Uḥud, the latter part of Sūrat Āl ʿImrān, from His saying: "And when you went forth early from your family to assign the believers their positions for battle" (Qurʾān 3:121), to shortly before its end. Concerning the story of al-Khandaq, Qurayẓa, and Khaybar, the opening of Sūrat al-Aḥzāb. Sūrat al-Ḥashr concerns Banū al-Naḍīr. Concerning the story of al-Ḥudaybiya and Khaybar, Sūrat al-Fatḥ, in which the conquest is alluded to. The conquest is mentioned explicitly in Sūrat al-Naṣr. He ﷺ was wounded in one expedition, which was Uḥud. The angels fought alongside him in Badr and Ḥunayn. The angels descended on the day of al-Khandaq, and they shook the polytheists and defeated them. He threw pebbles in that battle into the faces of the polytheists, and they fled. The conquest occurred in two expeditions: Badr and Ḥunayn. He fought with a mangonel in one expedition, which was al-Ṭāʾif. He fortified himself with a trench in one, which was al-Aḥzāb, as suggested to him by Salmān al-Fārisī ؓ. Abū ʿUmar, may Allah Almighty have mercy on him, mentioned them—meaning the raiding parties and missions—at the beginning of al-Istīʿāb as forty-seven. Muḥammad b. ʿUmar, may Allah Almighty have mercy on him, mentioned them as forty-eight, and Abū al-Faḍl as fifty-six. Al-Masʿūdī transmitted from some of them that they were sixty. Based on that, al-Ḥāfiẓ Abū al-Faḍl al-ʿIrāqī, may Allah Almighty have mercy on him, proceeded in his Alfiyya of the Sīra. He mentioned in it that the imam and ḥāfiẓ Muḥammad b. Naṣr brought them up to seventy, and that the imam and ḥāfiẓ Abū ʿAbd Allāh al-Ḥākim, may Allah Almighty have mercy on him, said: He mentioned in al-Iklīl that they were more than one hundred. Al-ʿIrāqī said: I have not found this statement from anyone other than him. Al-Ḥāfiẓ, may Allah Almighty have mercy on him, said: Perhaps al-Ḥākim meant by combining the military expeditions with them. I say: The wording of al-Ḥākim as transmitted from him by Ibn ʿAsākir, after it was related from Qatāda that the military expeditions and raiding parties of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ were forty-three: Al-Ḥākim said: This is how we have written it. I believe he meant the raiding parties rather than the expeditions, for I have mentioned in the book al-Iklīl, in order, the missions and raiding parties of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ as being more than one hundred. He said: "A reliable authority among our companions in Bukhārā informed me that he read in the book of Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad b. Naṣr the raiding parties and missions, excluding the wars he conducted in person, as more than seventy." End quote. He said in al-Bidāya: What al-Ḥākim mentioned is very strange, and his interpretation of the words of Qatāda as he did is open to question, for Imam Aḥmad related [from Azhar b. al-Qāsim al-Rāsibī, from Hishām al-Dastuwāʾī] from Qatāda that the military expeditions and raiding parties of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ were forty-three: twenty-four missions and nineteen expeditions. I say: The number of raiding parties and missions that I have come across, other than those for zakāt, exceeds seventy.
Grades by grader
No grade is recorded for this wording.