Tarikh (al-Tabari) 1666
The Farewell Pilgrimage
( خُطْبَةُ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَيَّامَ مِنًى ) وَخَطَبَ ﷺ النَّاسَ بِمِنًى خُطْبَةً عَظِيمَةً. قُلْتُ: قَالَ ابْنُ سَعْدٍ: عَلَى رَاحِلَتِهِ الْقَصْوَاءِ. قَالَ عَمْرُو بْنُ خَارِجَةَ وَهِيَ تَقْصَعُ بِجَرَّتِهَا، وَإِنَّ لُعَابَهَا لَيَسِيلُ بَيْنَ كَتِفَيَّ فِي وَسَطِ أَيَّامِ التَّشْرِيقِ. فَقِيلَ: هُوَ ثَانِي يَوْمِ النَّحْرِ، وَهُوَ أَوْسَطُهَا- أَيْ خِيَارُهَا- لِمَا سَيَأْتِي. وَهُوَ الْحَادِي عَشَرَ مِنْ ذِي الْحِجَّةِ، وَهُوَ يَوْمُ الرُّءُوسِ سُمِّيَ بِذَلِكَ لِأَنَّهُمْ كَانُوا يَذْبَحُونَ يَوْمَ النَّحْرِ ثُمَّ يَطْبُخُونَ الرُّءُوسَ تِلْكَ اللَّيْلَةَ فَيُبَكِّرُونَ عَلَى أَكْلِهَا، وَكَانَ عَمُّ أَبِي حَرَّةَ الرَّقَاشِيِّ آخِذٌ بِزِمَامِ نَاقَةِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَذُودُ عَنْهُ النَّاسُ. وَسَبَبُهَا أَنَّهُ ﷺ أُنْزِلَتْ عَلَيْهِ سُورَةُ النَّصْرِ فِي هَذَا الْيَوْمِ، فَعَرَفَ أَنَّهُ الْوَدَاعُ، فَأَمَرَ بِرَاحِلَتِهِ الْقَصْوَاءِ فَرُحِلَتْ لَهُ، فَوَقَفَ لِلنَّاسِ بِالْعَقَبَةِ، فَاجْتَمَعَ إِلَيْهِ النَّاسُ، وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ: مَا شَاءَ اللَّهُ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ، فَحَمِدَ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى، وَأَثْنَى عَلَيْهِ بِمَا هُوَ أَهْلُهُ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: «أَمَّا بَعْدُ أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ، أَلَا إِنَّ رَبَّكُمْ وَاحِدٌ، أَلَّا وَإِنَّ أَبَاكُمْ وَاحِدٌ، أَلَا لَا فَضْلَ لِعَرَبِيٍّ عَلَى عَجَمِيٍّ، وَلَا لِعَجَمِيِّ عَلَى عَرَبِيٍّ، وَلَا لِأَسْوَدَ عَلَى أَحْمَرَ، وَلَا لِأَحْمَرَ عَلَى أَسْوَدَ إِلَّا بِالتَّقْوَى، إِنَّ أَكْرَمَكُمْ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ أَتْقَاكُمْ أَلَا هَلْ بَلَّغْتُ ؟ » قَالُوا: بَلَّغَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: «فَلْيُبَلِّغِ الشَّاهِدُ الْغَائِبَ، فَرُبَّ مُبَلَّغٍ أَوْعَى مِنْ سَامِعٍ»، ثُمَّ قَالَ: «أَيُّ شَهْرٍ هَذَا ؟ » فَسَكَتُوا فَقَالَ: هَذَا شَهْرٌ حَرَامٌ، «أَيُّ بَلَدٍ هَذَا ؟ » فَسَكَتُوا فَقَالَ: بَلَدٌ حَرَامٌ،: «أَيُّ يَوْمٍ هَذَا ؟ » فَسَكَتُوا قَالَ: يَوْمٌ حَرَامٌ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: «إِنَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى قَدْ حَرَّمَ دِمَاءَكُمْ، وَأَمْوَالَكُمْ، وَأَعْرَاضَكُمْ، كَحُرْمَةِ شَهْرِكُمْ هَذَا، فِي بَلَدِكُمْ هَذَا، فِي يَوْمِكُمْ هَذَا، إِلَى أَنْ تَلْقَوْا رَبَّكُمْ، أَلَا هَلْ بَلَّغْتُ ؟ » قَالُوا: نَعَمْ، قَالَ: «اللَّهُمَّ اشْهَدْ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: إِنَّكُمْ سَتَلْقَوْنَ رَبَّكُمْ فَيَسْأَلُكُمْ عَنْ أَعْمَالِكُمْ»، أَلَا هَلْ بَلَّغْتُ ؟ قَالَ: النَّاسُ نَعَمْ، قَالَ: «اللَّهُمَّ اشْهَدْ، أَلَا وَإِنَّ مَنْ كَانَتْ عِنْدَهُ أَمَانَةٌ فَلْيُؤَدِّهَا إِلَى مَنِ ائْتَمَنَهُ عَلَيْهَا، أَلَا وَإِنَّ كُلَّ رِبًا فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ مَوْضُوعٌ وَإِنَّ كُلَّ دَمٍ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ مَوْضُوعٌ وَأَنَّ أَوَّلَ دِمَائِكُمْ أَضَعُ دَمَ إِيَاسِ بْنِ رَبِيعَةَ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ، كَانَ مُسْتَرْضَعًا فِي بَنِي سَعْدِ بْنِ لَيْثٍ فَقَتَلَتْهُ هُذَيْلٌ»، أَلَا هَلْ بَلَّغْتُ ؟ قَالُوا: نَعَمْ قَالَ: «اللَّهُمَّ فَاشْهَدْ فَلْيُبَلِّغِ الشَّاهِدُ الْغَائِبَ، أَلَا إِنَّ كُلَّ مُسْلِمٍ مُحَرَّمٌ عَلَى كُلِّ مُسْلِمٍ. ثُمَّ قَالَ: اسْمَعُوا مِنِّي تَعِيشُوا أَلَا لَا تَظْلِمُوا، أَلَا لَا تَظْلِمُوا. أَلَا لَا تَظْلِمُوا إِنَّهُ لَا يَحِلُّ مَالُ امْرِئٍ مُسْلِمٍ إِلَّا بِطِيبِ نَفْسٍ مِنْهُ» . فَقَالَ عَمْرُو بْنُ يَثْرِبِيٍّ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ أَرَأَيْتَ إِنْ لَقِيتُ غَنَمَ ابْنِ عَمِّي فَأَخَذْتُ شَاةً فَاحْتَرَزْتُهَا، فَقَالَ: إِنْ لَقِيتَهَا تَحْمِلُ شَفْرَةً وَأَزْنَادًا بِخَبْتِ الْجَمِيشِ فَلَا تُهِجْهَا. ثُمَّ قَالَ أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ: إِنَّمَا النَّسِيءُ زِيَادَةٌ فِي الْكُفْرِ يُضَلُّ بِهِ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا يُحِلُّونَهُ عَامًا وَيُحَرِّمُونَهُ عَامًا لِيُوَاطِئُوا عِدَّةَ مَا حَرَّمَ اللَّهُ [التَّوْبَةُ - 37]. أَلَا إِنَّ الزَّمَانَ قَدِ اسْتَدَارَ كَهَيْئَتِهِ يَوْمَ خَلَقَ اللَّهُ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ»، ثُمَّ قَرَأَ إِنَّ عِدَّةَ الشُّهُورِ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ اثْنَا عَشَرَ شَهْرًا فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ يَوْمَ خَلَقَ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالأَرْضَ مِنْهَا أَرْبَعَةٌ حُرُمٌ، ذَلِكَ الدِّينُ الْقَيِّمُ فَلا تَظْلِمُوا فِيهِنَّ أَنْفُسَكُمْ [التَّوْبَةُ - 36] ثَلَاثٌ مُتَوَالِيَاتٌ: ذُو الْقِعْدَةِ، ذُو الْحَجَّةِ، وَالْمُحَرَّمُ، وَرَجَبُ الَّذِي يُدْعَى شَهْرَ مُضَرَ الَّذِي بَيْنَ جُمَادَى وَشَعْبَانَ، وَالشَّهْرُ تِسْعَةٌ وَعِشْرُونَ وَثَلَاثُونَ، أَلَا هَلْ بَلَّغْتُ ؟ قَالَ النَّاس: نَعَمْ فَقَالَ: اللَّهُمَّ اشْهَدْ». ثُمَّ قَالَ: «أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ. إِنَّ لِلنِّسَاءِ عَلَيْكُمْ حَقًّا، وَإِنَّ لَكُمْ عَلَيْهِنَّ حَقًّا، فَعَلَيْهِنَّ أَنْ لَا يُوطِئْنَ فُرُشَكُمْ أَحَدًا، وَلَا يُدْخِلْنَ بُيُوتَكُمْ أَحَدًا تَكْرَهُونَهُ إِلَّا بِإِذْنِكُمْ، فَإِنْ فَعَلْنَ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى قَدْ أَذِنَ لَكُمْ أَنْ تَهْجُرُوهُنَّ بِالْمَضَاجِعِ، وَأَنْ تَضْرِبُوهُنَّ ضَرْبًا غَيْرَ مُبَرِّحٍ، فَإِنِ انْتَهَيْنَ وَأَطَعْنَكُمْ، فَلَهُنَّ رِزْقُهُنَّ وَكَسَوْتُهُنَّ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ، وَإِنَّمَا النِّسَاءُ عِنْدَكُمْ عِوَانٌ لَا يَمْلِكْنَ لِأَنْفُسِهِنَّ شَيْئًا، وَإِنَّمَا أَخَذْتُمُوهُنَّ بِأَمَانَةِ اللَّهِ، وَاسْتَحْلَلْتُمْ فُرُوجَهُنَّ بِكَلِمَةِ اللَّهِ، فَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ فِي النِّسَاءِ، وَاسْتَوْصُوا بِهِنَّ خَيْرًا، أَلَا هَلْ بَلَّغْتُ ؟ قَالَ النَّاسُ: نَعَمْ، قَالَ: اللَّهُمَّ اشْهَدْ. ثُمَّ قَالَ: أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ إِنَّ الشَّيْطَانَ قَدْ يَئِسَ أَنْ يُعْبَدَ بِأَرْضِكُمْ هَذِهِ، وَلَكِنَّهُ قَدْ رَضِيَ أَنْ يُطَاعَ فِيمَا سِوَى ذَلِكَ مِمَّا تُحَقِّرُونَهُ، فَقَدْ رَضِيَ بِهِ، إِنَّ الْمُسْلِمَ أَخُو الْمُسْلِمِ، إِنَّمَا الْمُسْلِمُونَ إِخْوَةٌ، وَلَا يَحِلُّ لِامْرِئٍ مُسْلِمٍ دَمُ أَخِيهِ وَلَا مَالُهُ إِلَّا بِطِيبِ نَفْسٍ مِنْهُ، إِنَّمَا أُمِرْتُ أَنْ أُقَاتِلَ النَّاسَ حَتَّى يَقُولُوا لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ فَإِذَا قَالُوهَا عَصَمُوا مِنِّي دِمَاءَهُمْ وَأَمْوَالَهُمْ إِلَّا بِحَقِّهَا، وَحِسَابُهُمْ عَلَى اللَّهِ، لَا تَظْلِمُوا أَنْفُسَكُمْ، لَا تَرْجِعُوا بَعْدِي كُفَّارًا، يَضْرِبُ بَعْضكُمْ رِقَابَ بَعْضٍ، إِنِّي تَرَكْتُ فِيكُمْ مَا إِنْ أَخَذْتُمْ بِهِ لَمْ تَضِلُّوا كِتَابَ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى، أَلَا هَلْ بَلَّغْتُ ؟ قَالَ النَّاسُ: نَعَمْ قَالَ: اللَّهُمَّ اشْهَدْ. وَقَالَ الْحَافِظُ أَبُو بَكْرٍ الْبَزَّارُ: حَدَّثَنَا الْوَلِيدُ بْنُ عَمْرِو بْنِ السُّكَيْنِ، ثَنَا أَبُو هَمَّامٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الزِّبْرِقَانِ، ثَنَا مُوسَى بْنُ عُبَيْدَةَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ دِينَارٍ وَصَدَقَةَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ قَالَ: نَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ السُّورَةُ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِمِنًى وَهُوَ فِي أَوْسَطِ أَيَّامِ التَّشْرِيقِ فِي حَجَّةِ الْوَدَاعِ: " إِذَا جَاءَ نَصْرُ اللَّهِ وَالْفَتْحُ " فَعَرَفَ أَنَّهُ الْوَدَاعُ، فَأَمَرَ بِرَاحِلَتِهِ الْقَصْوَاءِ، فَرُحِلَتْ لَهُ، ثُمَّ رَكِبَ فَوَقَفَ النَّاسُ بِالْعَقَبَةِ، فَاجْتَمَعَ إِلَيْهِ مَا شَاءَ اللَّهُ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ، فَحَمِدَ اللَّهَ وَأَثْنَى عَلَيْهِ بِمَا هُوَ أَهْلُهُ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: " أَمَّا بَعْدُ، أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ، فَإِنَّ كُلَّ دَمٍ كَانَ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ فَهُوَ هَدَرٌ، وَإِنَّ أَوَّلَ دِمَائِكُمْ أَهْدِرُ دَمَ رَبِيعَةَ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ، كَانَ مُسْتَرْضِعًا فِي بَنِي لَيْثٍ فَقَتَلَتْهُ هُذَيْلٌ، وَكُلُّ رِبًا فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ فَهُوَ مَوْضُوعٌ، وَإِنَّ أَوَّلَ رِبَاكُمْ أَضَعُ رِبَا الْعَبَّاسِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ، أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ، إِنَّ الزَّمَانَ قَدِ اسْتَدَارَ كَهَيْئَتِهِ يَوْمَ خَلَقَ اللَّهُ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضَ، وَإِنَّ عِدَّةَ الشُّهُورِ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ اثْنَا عَشَرَ شَهْرًا مِنْهَا أَرْبَعَةٌ حُرُمٌ ; رَجَبُ مُضَرَ الَّذِي بَيْنَ جُمَادَى وَشَعْبَانَ، وَذُو الْقَعْدَةِ، وَذُو الْحِجَّةِ، وَالْمُحَرَّمُ " ذَلِكَ الدِّينُ الْقَيِّمُ فَلَا تَظْلِمُوا فِيهِنَّ أَنْفُسَكُمْ " الْآيَةَ " إِنَّمَا النَّسِيءُ زِيَادَةٌ فِي الْكُفْرِ يُضَلُّ بِهِ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا يُحِلُّونَهُ عَامًا وَيُحَرِّمُونَهُ عَامًا لِيُوَاطِئُوا عِدَّةَ مَا حَرَّمَ اللَّهُ فَيُحِلُّوا مَا حَرَّمَ اللَّهُ ". ( التَّوْبَةِ: 36 ) كَانُوا يُحِلُّونَ صَفَرًا عَامًا وَيُحَرِّمُونَ الْمُحَرَّمَ عَامًا، وَيُحَرِّمُونَ صَفَرًا عَامًا، وَيُحِلُّونَ الْمُحَرَّمَ عَامًا، فَذَلِكَ النَّسِيءُ، يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ مَنْ كَانَ عِنْدَهُ وَدِيعَةٌ فَلْيُؤَدِّهَا إِلَى مَنِ ائْتَمَنَهُ عَلَيْهَا، أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ إِنَّ الشَّيْطَانَ قَدْ يَئِسَ أَنْ يُعْبَدَ بِبِلَادِكُمْ آخِرَ الزَّمَانِ وَقَدْ يَرْضَى عَنْكُمْ بِمُحَقَّرَاتِ الْأَعْمَالِ، فَاحْذَرُوا عَلَى دِينِكُمْ مُحَقَّرَاتِ الْأَعْمَالِ، أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ، إِنَّ النِّسَاءَ عِنْدَكُمْ عَوَانٌ، أَخَذْتُمُوهُنَّ بِأَمَانَةِ اللَّهِ، وَاسْتَحْلَلْتُمْ فُرُوجَهُنَّ بِكَلِمَةِ اللَّهِ، لَكُمْ عَلَيْهِنَّ حَقٌّ، وَلَهُنَّ عَلَيْكُمْ حَقٌّ، وَمِنْ حَقِّكُمْ عَلَيْهِنَّ أَنْ لَا يُوطِئْنَ فُرُشَكُمْ غَيْرَكُمْ وَلَا يَعْصِينَكُمْ فِي مَعْرُوفٍ، فَإِنْ فَعَلْنَ ذَلِكَ فَلَيْسَ لَكُمْ عَلَيْهِنَّ سَبِيلٌ، وَلَهُنَّ رِزْقُهُنَّ وَكِسْوَتُهُنَّ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ، فَإِنْ ضَرَبْتُمْ فَاضْرِبُوا ضَرْبًا غَيْرَ مُبَرِّحٍ، وَلَا يَحِلُّ لِامْرِئٍ مِنْ مَالِ أَخِيهِ إِلَّا مَا طَابَتْ بِهِ نَفْسُهُ، أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ، إِنِّي قَدْ تَرَكْتُ فِيكُمْ مَا إِنْ أَخَذْتُمْ بِهِ لَمْ تَضِلُّوا ; كِتَابَ اللَّهِ، فَاعْمَلُوا بِهِ، أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ، أَيُّ يَوْمٍ هَذَا ؟ " قَالُوا: يَوْمٌ حَرَامٌ. قَالَ: " فَأَيُّ بَلَدٍ هَذَا ؟ " قَالُوا: بَلَدٌ حَرَامٌ. قَالَ: " فَأَيُّ شَهْرٍ هَذَا ؟ " قَالُوا: شَهْرٌ حَرَامٌ. قَالَ: " فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ حَرَّمَ دِمَاءَكُمْ وَأَمْوَالَكُمْ وَأَعْرَاضَكُمْ، كَحُرْمَةِ هَذَا الْيَوْمِ، فِي هَذَا الْبَلَدِ، وَهَذَا الشَّهْرِ، أَلَا لِيُبَلِّغْ شَاهِدُكُمْ غَائِبَكُمْ، لَا نَبِيَّ بَعْدِي وَلَا أُمَّةَ بَعْدَكُمْ ". ثُمَّ رَفَعَ يَدَيْهِ فَقَالَ: " اللَّهُمَّ اشْهَدْ " ثُمَّ انْصَرَفَ إِلَى مَنْزِلِهِ وَصَلَّى الظُّهْرَ وَالْعَصْرَ يَوْمَ النَّفْرِ بِالْأَبْطَحِ، قَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ ؓ إِنَّمَا نَزَلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِالْمُحَصَّبِ، لِأَنَّهُ كَانَ أَسْمَحُ لِخُرُوجِهِ.
Translation
✧ (The Prophet's ﷺ Sermon during the Days of Mina) And he ﷺ delivered a momentous sermon to the people at Mina. I [Ibn Kathir] say: Ibn Sa'd said: [He was] on his she-camel al-Qaṣwāʾ. ʿAmr b. Khārija said, while she was chewing her cud, and her saliva was flowing between my shoulders, in the middle of the Days of Tashrīq. It was said: It was the second day of the Day of Sacrifice, and it is the middle of them—that is, the best of them—as will come. It was the eleventh of Dhū al-Ḥijja, and it is the Day of Heads, so named because they used to slaughter on the Day of Sacrifice and then cook the heads that night, and rise early to eat them. The paternal uncle of Abū Ḥurra al-Raqqāshī was holding the halter of the Messenger of Allah's ﷺ she-camel, keeping the people away from him. The reason for it is that Sūrat al-Naṣr was revealed to him ﷺ on that day, so he realized that it was the farewell. He ordered his she-camel al-Qaṣwāʾ to be saddled, and he stood for the people at al-ʿAqaba, and the people gathered around him—in one narration: as many of the Muslims as Allah willed. He praised Allah Almighty and lauded Him as He deserves, then said: "To proceed, O people: Indeed your Lord is One. Indeed your father is one. Indeed there is no superiority of an Arab over a non-Arab, nor of a non-Arab over an Arab, nor of a black over a red, nor of a red over a black, except by taqwā. The most noble of you with Allah is the most God-fearing of you. Have I conveyed?" They said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ has conveyed. He said: "Let the one present convey to the one absent, for perhaps one to whom it is conveyed is more retentive than one who hears it." Then he said: "Which month is this?" They remained silent, so he said: This is a sacred month. "Which land is this?" They remained silent, so he said: A sacred land. "Which day is this?" They remained silent, so he said: A sacred day. Then he said: "Allah Almighty has made your blood, your wealth, and your honor sacred, like the sanctity of this month of yours, in this land of yours, on this day of yours, until you meet your Lord. Have I conveyed?" They said: Yes. He said: "O Allah, bear witness." Then he said: "You will meet your Lord, and He will ask you about your deeds. Have I conveyed?" The people said: Yes. He said: "O Allah, bear witness. Indeed, whoever has a trust, let him return it to the one who entrusted it to him. Indeed, every ribā of the Jāhiliyya is abolished, and the first of your ribā I abolish is the ribā of al-ʿAbbās b. ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib. Indeed, every blood [vendetta] of the Jāhiliyya is abolished, and the first of your blood I abolish is the blood of Iyās b. Rabīʿa b. al-Ḥārith. He had been a nursling among the Banū Saʿd b. Layth, and Hudhayl killed him. Have I conveyed?" They said: Yes. He said: "O Allah, bear witness. Let the one present convey to the one absent. Indeed every Muslim is inviolable to every Muslim." Then he said: "Listen to me and you will live. Indeed, do not oppress; indeed, do not oppress; indeed, do not oppress. The wealth of a Muslim man is not lawful except with a willing heart from him." ʿAmr b. Yathribī said: O Messenger of Allah, what do you think if I come upon the sheep of my cousin and take a ewe and withhold it? He said: "If you come upon them carrying a blade and firewood in the lowland of al-Jamīsh, do not disturb them." Then he said: O people, "The postponement [of sacred months] is only an increase in disbelief, by which those who disbelieve are led astray; they make it lawful one year and unlawful another year, to adjust the number that Allah has made unlawful" [al-Tawba – 37]. "Indeed time has revolved to its form as on the day Allah created the heavens and the earth." Then he recited: "Indeed the number of months with Allah is twelve months in the Book of Allah, from the day He created the heavens and the earth; of them four are sacred. That is the upright religion, so do not wrong yourselves therein" [al-Tawba – 36]. Three are consecutive: Dhū al-Qaʿda, Dhū al-Ḥijja, and al-Muḥarram, and Rajab, which is called the month of Muḍar, which lies between Jumādā and Shaʿbān. The month is twenty-nine and thirty [days]. Have I conveyed? The people said: Yes. He said: "O Allah, bear witness." Then he said: "O people, women have a right over you, and you have a right over them. Their duty is not to let anyone tread on your beds, and not to admit into your houses anyone you dislike except with your permission. If they do that, Allah Almighty has permitted you to forsake them in bed and to strike them a blow that is not severe. If they desist and obey you, they are entitled to their provision and clothing in a reasonable manner. Women among you are like captives; they possess nothing for themselves. You have taken them only as a trust from Allah, and you have made their private parts lawful by the word of Allah. So fear Allah regarding women, and enjoin good treatment of them. Have I conveyed?" The people said: Yes. He said: "O Allah, bear witness." Then he said: "O people, Satan has despaired of being worshipped in this land of yours, but he is pleased to be obeyed in other than that among the things you deem insignificant. He is content with that. The Muslim is the brother of the Muslim. Muslims are brothers. The blood of a Muslim man and his wealth are not lawful to his brother except with a willing heart from him. I have been commanded to fight the people until they say: There is no god but Allah. If they say it, they protect from me their blood and their wealth except by its right, and their reckoning is with Allah. Do not wrong yourselves. Do not return after me to disbelief, striking one another's necks. I have left among you that which, if you hold fast to it, you will not go astray: the Book of Allah Almighty. Have I conveyed?" The people said: Yes. He said: "O Allah, bear witness." Al-Ḥāfiẓ Abū Bakr al-Bazzār said: Al-Walīd b. ʿAmr b. al-Sukayn narrated to us, Abū Hammām Muḥammad b. al-Zibriqān narrated to us, Mūsā b. ʿUbayda narrated to us, from ʿAbd Allāh b. Dīnār and Ṣadaqa b. Yasār, from ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿUmar, who said: This sūra was revealed to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ at Minā while he was in the middle of the Days of Tashrīq during the Farewell Pilgrimage: "When the help of Allah comes and the victory" [al-Naṣr]. He realized that it was the farewell, so he ordered his she-camel al-Qaṣwāʾ, and it was saddled for him. Then he mounted, and the people stood at al-ʿAqaba, and as many of the Muslims as Allah willed gathered around him. He praised Allah and lauded Him as He deserves, then said: "To proceed, O people: Every blood [vendetta] that was in the Jāhiliyya is void, and the first of your blood I void is the blood of Rabīʿa b. al-Ḥārith. He had been a nursling among the Banū Layth, and Hudhayl killed him. Every ribā of the Jāhiliyya is abolished, and the first of your ribā I abolish is the ribā of al-ʿAbbās b. ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib. O people, time has revolved to its form as on the day Allah created the heavens and the earth. The number of months with Allah is twelve months; of them four are sacred: Rajab of Muḍar, which lies between Jumādā and Shaʿbān, and Dhū al-Qaʿda, Dhū al-Ḥijja, and al-Muḥarram. 'That is the upright religion, so do not wrong yourselves therein'—the verse. 'The postponement [of sacred months] is only an increase in disbelief, by which those who disbelieve are led astray; they make it lawful one year and unlawful another year, to adjust the number that Allah has made unlawful, and thus make lawful what Allah has made unlawful' (al-Tawba: 36). They used to make Ṣafar lawful one year and make al-Muḥarram unlawful one year, and they would make Ṣafar unlawful one year and make al-Muḥarram lawful one year. That is the postponement. O people, whoever has a deposit, let him return it to the one who entrusted it to him. O people, Satan has despaired of being worshipped in your lands at the end of time, and he is pleased with you through the despised deeds, so beware for your religion of the despised deeds. O people, women among you are like captives; you have taken them as a trust from Allah, and you have made their private parts lawful by the word of Allah. You have a right over them, and they have a right over you. Among your rights over them is that they should not let anyone other than you tread on your beds, and that they should not disobey you in what is proper. If they do that, you have no way against them. They are entitled to their provision and clothing in a reasonable manner. If you strike, then strike a blow that is not severe. The wealth of a man's brother is not lawful except what his heart willingly gives. O people, I have left among you that which, if you hold fast to it, you will not go astray: the Book of Allah. So act according to it. O people, what day is this?" They said: A sacred day. He said: "What land is this?" They said: A sacred land. He said: "What month is this?" They said: A sacred month. He said: "Allah has made your blood, your wealth, and your honor sacred, like the sanctity of this day, in this land, and this month. Indeed, let the one present among you convey to the one absent. There is no prophet after me, and no community after you." Then he raised his hands and said: "O Allah, bear witness." Then he departed to his lodging and prayed the noon and afternoon prayers on the Day of Departure at al-Abṭaḥ. ʿĀʾisha ؓ said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ alighted at al-Muḥaṣṣab only because it was easier for his departure.
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