Tarikh (al-Tabari) 1657
The Farewell Pilgrimage
( تَقْدِيمُهُ ﷺ الضَّعَفَةَ مِنْ أَهْلِهِ بِاللَّيْلِ فَيَقِفُونَ بِالْمُزْدَلِفَةِ وَيَدْعُونَ وَيُقَدِّمُ إِذَا غَابَ الْقَمَرُ ) وَأَذِنَ رسول الله ﷺ فِي تِلْكَ اللَّيْلَةِ، قُلْتُ: عِنْدَ السَّحَرِ لِمَنِ اسْتَأْذَنَهُ مِنْ أَهْلِ الضَّعْفِ مِنَ الذُّرِّيَّةِ وَالنِّسَاءِ، وَمِنْهُنَّ سَوْدَةُ وَأُمُّ حَبِيبَةَ أَنْ يَتَقَدَّمُوا إِلَى مِنًى قَبْلَ حَطَمَةِ النَّاسِ، وَذَلِكَ طُلُوعَ الْفَجْرِ، وَكَانَ ذَلِكَ عِنْدَ غَيْبُوبَةِ الْقَمَرِ. وَأَمَرَهُمْ أَلَّا يَرْمُوا الْجَمْرَةَ حَتَّى تَطْلُعَ الشَّمْسُ، وَرَمَى مِنَ النِّسَاءِ أَسْمَاءَ بِنْتَ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، وَأُمَّ سَلَمَةَ قَبْلَ الْفَجْرِ. قَالَ فِي الْبِدَايَةِ فَكَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَمَرَ الْغِلْمَانَ بِأَنْ لَا يَرْمُوا قَبْلَ طُلُوعِ الْفَجْرِ، وَأَذِنَ لِلظُّعُنِ فِي الرَّمْيِ قَبْلَ طُلُوعِ الشَّمْسِ لِأَنَّهُنَّ أَثْقَلُ حَالًا، وَأَبْلَغُ فِي السَّتْرِ. وَفِي حَدِيثِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ- قَدَّمَنَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أُغَيْلِمَةَ بَنِي عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ عَلَى نِسَاءِ مُحَمَّدٍ يَلْطَحُ أَفْخَاذَنَا وَيَقُولُ: «أَبَنِيَّ لَا تَرْمُوا الْجَمْرَةَ حَتَّى تَطْلُعَ الشَّمْسُ» رَوَاهُ أَحْمَدُ وَجِئْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِبَقِيَّةِ نِسَائِهِ حَتَّى يَدْفَعْنَ مَعَهُ حِينَ يُصْبِحُ. وَقَالَ أَبُو دَاوُدَ: ثَنَا هَارُونُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، ثَنَا ابْنُ أَبِي فُدَيْكٍ، عَنِ الضَّحَّاكِ - يَعْنِي ابْنَ عُثْمَانَ - عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ أَنَّهَا قَالَتْ: أَرْسَلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِأُمِّ سَلَمَةَ لَيْلَةَ النَّحْرِ، فَرَمَتِ الْجَمْرَةَ قَبْلَ الْفَجْرِ، ثُمَّ مَضَتْ فَأَفَاضَتْ، وَكَانَ ذَلِكَ الْيَوْمَ الَّذِي يَكُونُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ. قَالَ أَبُو دَاوُدَ: يَعْنِي عِنْدَهَا. وَقَالَ الْبُخَارِيُّ: ثَنَا أَبُو نُعَيْمٍ، ثَنَا أَفْلَحُ بْنُ حُمَيْدٍ، عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ قَالَتْ: نَزَلْنَا الْمُزْدَلِفَةَ، فَاسْتَأْذَنَتِ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ سَوْدَةُ أَنْ تَدْفَعَ قَبْلَ حَطْمَةِ النَّاسِ، وَكَانَتِ امْرَأَةً بَطِيئَةً، فَأَذِنَ لَهَا، فَدَفَعَتْ قَبْلَ حَطْمَةِ النَّاسِ، وَأَقَمْنَا نَحْنُ حَتَّى أَصْبَحْنَا، ثُمَّ دَفَعْنَا بِدَفْعِهِ، فَلَأَنْ أَكُونَ اسْتَأْذَنْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ كَمَا اسْتَأْذَنَتْ سَوْدَةُ أَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ مِنْ مَفْرُوحٍ بِهِ. وَقَالَ الْبُخَارِيُّ: ثَنَا مُسَدَّدٌ، عَنْ يَحْيَى، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي عَبْدُ اللَّهِ مَوْلَى أَسْمَاءَ، عَنْ أَسْمَاءَ أَنَّهَا نَزَلَتْ لَيْلَةَ جَمْعٍ عِنْدَ الْمُزْدَلِفَةِ، فَقَامَتْ تُصَلِّي، فَصَلَّتْ سَاعَةً، ثُمَّ قَالَتْ: يَا بُنَيَّ هَلْ غَابَ الْقَمَرُ ؟ قُلْتُ: لَا. فَصَلَّتْ سَاعَةً ثُمَّ قَالَتْ: هَلْ غَابَ الْقَمَرُ ؟ قُلْتُ: نَعَمْ. قَالَتْ: فَارْتَحِلُوا. فَارْتَحَلْنَا فَمَضَيْنَا حَتَّى رَمَتِ الْجَمْرَةَ، ثُمَّ رَجَعَتْ فَصَلَّتِ الصُّبْحَ فِي مَنْزِلِهَا فَقُلْتُ لَهَا: يَا هَنْتَاهُ، مَا أُرَانَا إِلَّا قَدْ غَلَّسْنَا. فَقَالَتْ: يَا بُنَيَّ، إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَذِنَ لِلظُّعُنِ. ولَا تَعَارُضَ بَيْنَ هَذِهِ الْأَحَادِيثِ، فَإِنَّهُ أَمَرَ الصِّبْيَانَ أَنْ لَا يَرْمُوا الْجَمْرَةَ حَتَّى تَطْلُعَ الشَّمْسُ، فَإِنَّهُ لَا عُذْرَ لَهُمْ فِي تَقْدِيمِ الرَّمْيِ، أَمَّا مَنْ قَدَّمَهُ مِنَ النِّسَاءِ فَرَمَيْنَ قَبْلَ طُلُوعِ الشَّمْسِ لِلْعُذْرِ، وَالْخَوْفِ عَلَيْهِنَّ مِنْ مُزَاحَمَةِ النَّاسِ وَحَطْمِهِمْ، وَهَذَا الَّذِي دَلَّتْ عَلَيْهِ السُّنَّةُ، جَوَازُ الرَّمْيِ قَبْلَ طُلُوعِ الشَّمْسِ لِلْعُذْرِ بِمَرَضٍ، أَوْ كِبَرٍ يَشُقُّ عَلَيْهِ مُزَاحَمَةُ النَّاسِ لِأَجْلِهِ، وَأَمَّا الْقَادِرُ الصَّحِيحُ فَلَا يَجُوزُ لَهُ ذَلِكَ. وَفِي الْمَسْأَلَةِ ثَلَاثَةُ مَذَاهِبَ، أَحَدُهَا: الْجَوَازُ بَعْدَ نِصْفِ اللَّيْلِ مُطْلَقًا لِلْقَادِرِ وَالْعَاجِزِ، كَقَوْلِ الشَّافِعِيِّ وأحمد - رَحِمَهُمَا اللَّهُ -. وَالثَّانِي: لَا يَجُوزُ إِلَّا بَعْدَ طُلُوعِ الْفَجْرِ كَقَوْلِ أبي حنيفة - رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ -. وَالثَّالِثُ: لَا يَجُوزُ لِأَهْلِ الْقُدْرَةِ إِلَّا بَعْدَ طُلُوعِ الشَّمْسِ، كَقَوْلِ جَمَاعَةٍ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ. وَالَّذِي دَلَّتْ عَلَيْهِ السُّنَّةُ، إِنَّمَا هُوَ التَّعْجِيلُ بَعْدَ غَيْبُوبَةِ الْقَمَرِ، لَا نِصْفِ اللَّيْلِ، وَلَيْسَ مَعَ مَنْ حَدَّهُ بِالنِّصْفِ دَلِيلٌ وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ.
Translation
✧ (His ﷺ sending ahead the weak members of his family at night, so that they would stand at Muzdalifah and supplicate, and he would send them ahead when the moon set) And the Messenger of Allah ﷺ gave permission on that night — I say: at the time of pre-dawn — to those of the weak among his family who asked his permission, from the children and women, among them Sawdah and Umm Ḥabībah, to proceed to Minā before the crush of the people, and that was at the rising of dawn, and that was at the setting of the moon. And he commanded them not to stone the Jamrah until the sun rose, and among the women who stoned before dawn were Asmāʾ bt. Abī Bakr and Umm Salamah. He said in al-Bidāyah: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ commanded the boys not to stone before the rising of dawn, and he permitted the women to stone before the rising of the sun, because they are in a heavier condition and more in need of concealment. And in the ḥadīth of Ibn ʿAbbās: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ sent us ahead, the young boys of Banū ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib, on the riding beasts, slapping our thighs and saying: “O my little sons, do not stone the Jamrah until the sun rises.” Reported by Aḥmad. And I brought the rest of his wives to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ so that they might move with him when morning came. And Abū Dāwūd said: Hārūn b. ʿAbd Allāh narrated to us: Ibn Abī Fudayk narrated to us, from al-Ḍaḥḥāk — meaning Ibn ʿUthmān — from Hishām b. ʿUrwah, from his father, from ʿĀʾishah that she said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ sent Umm Salamah on the night of the sacrifice, and she stoned the Jamrah before dawn, then she went on and performed the ifāḍah, and that was the day on which the Messenger of Allah ﷺ was — Abū Dāwūd said: meaning with her. And al-Bukhārī said: Abū Nuʿaym narrated to us: Aflaḥ b. Ḥumayd narrated to us, from al-Qāsim, from Muḥammad, from ʿĀʾishah who said: We halted at Muzdalifah, and Sawdah asked the Prophet ﷺ for permission to depart before the crush of the people, and she was a slow-moving woman, so he gave her permission, and she departed before the crush of the people, while we stayed until morning, then we departed with his departure. And that I had asked the Messenger of Allah ﷺ for permission as Sawdah asked for permission would be dearer to me than anything I might rejoice in. And al-Bukhārī said: Musaddad narrated to us, from Yaḥyā, from Ibn Jurayj who said: ʿAbd Allāh, the mawlā of Asmāʾ, narrated to me, from Asmāʾ that she halted on the night of Jamʿ at Muzdalifah, and she stood to pray, and she prayed for a while, then she said: O my little son, has the moon set? I said: No. So she prayed for a while, then she said: Has the moon set? I said: Yes. She said: Then depart. So we departed and went on until she stoned the Jamrah, then she returned and prayed the morning prayer in her own lodging. So I said to her: O my dear, I think we have done it very early. She said: O my little son, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ gave permission to the women. And there is no contradiction between these aḥādīth, for he commanded the boys not to stone the Jamrah until the sun rose, because they had no excuse for stoning early, whereas those women whom he sent ahead stoned before sunrise because of the excuse and the fear for them of the crowd and its crush. And this is what the Sunnah indicates: the permissibility of stoning before sunrise for an excuse such as illness or old age that makes the crush of the people difficult for him. As for the healthy and able person, that is not permissible for him. And on this question there are three schools of thought. One: permissibility after midnight absolutely, for the able and the unable, as in the saying of al-Shāfiʿī and Aḥmad — may God have mercy on them both. The second: it is not permissible except after the rising of dawn, as in the saying of Abū Ḥanīfah — may God have mercy on him. The third: it is not permissible for the able except after the rising of the sun, as in the saying of a group of the people of knowledge. And what the Sunnah indicates is only the hastening after the setting of the moon, not midnight, and there is no evidence with the one who sets the limit at midnight, and God knows best.
Grades by grader
No grade is recorded for this wording. Ask what scholars say about its grade