Tarikh (al-Tabari) 165
Chapter mentioning the offspring of Abraham (peace and blessings be upon him)
قَالَ عُلَمَاءُ السِّيَرِ: لَمَّا رَأَى إِخْوَةُ يُوسُفَ شِدَّةَ مَحَبَّةِ يَعْقُوبَ لَهُ، وَإِقْبَالَهُ عَلَيْهِ حَسَدُوهُ وَعَظُمَ عِنْدَهُمْ. ثُمَّ إِنَّ يُوسُفَ رَأَى فِي مَنَامِهِ كَأَنَّ أَحَدَ عَشَرَ كَوْكَبًا وَالشَّمْسَ وَالْقَمَرَ تَسْجُدُ لَهُ، فَقَصَّهَا عَلَى أَبِيهِ، وَكَانَ عُمُرُهُ حِينَئِذٍ اثْنَتَيْ عَشْرَةَ سَنَةً. فَقَالَ لَهُ أَبُوهُ: يَابُنَيَّ لَا تَقْصُصْ رُؤْيَاكَ عَلَى إِخْوَتِكَ فَيَكِيدُوا لَكَ كَيْدًا إِنَّ الشَّيْطَانَ لِلْإِنْسَانِ عَدُوٌّ مُبِينٌ. ثُمَّ عَبَرَ لَهُ رُؤْيَاهُ. فَقَالَ وَكَذَلِكَ يَجْتَبِيكَ رَبُّكَ وَيُعَلِّمُكَ مِنْ تَأْوِيلِ الْأَحَادِيثِ. وَسَمِعَتِ امْرَأَةُ يَعْقُوبَ مَا قَالَ يُوسُفُ لِأَبِيهِ فَقَالَ لَهَا يَعْقُوبُ: اكْتُمِي مَا قَالَ يُوسُفُ وَلَا تُخْبِرِي أَوْلَادَكِ. قَالَتْ: نَعَمْ. فَلَمَّا أَقْبَلَ أَوْلَادُ يَعْقُوبَ مِنَ الرَّعْيِ أَخْبَرَتْهُمْ بِالرُّؤْيَا، فَازْدَادُوا حَسَدًا وَكَرَاهَةً لَهُ، وَقَالُوا: مَا عَنَى بِالشَّمْسِ غَيْرَ أَبِينَا، وَلَا بِالْقَمَرِ غَيْرَكِ، وَلَا بِالْكَوَاكِبِ غَيْرَنَا، إِنَّ ابْنَ رَاحِيلَ يُرِيدُ أَنْ يَتَمَلَّكَ عَلَيْنَا وَيَقُولَ أَنَا سَيِّدُكُمْ. وَتَآمَرُوا بَيْنَهُمْ أَنْ يُفَرِّقُوا بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَ أَبِيهِ، وَقَالُوا: لَيُوسُفُ وَأَخُوهُ أَحَبُّ إِلَى أَبِينَا مِنَّا وَنَحْنُ عُصْبَةٌ إِنَّ أَبَانَا لَفِي ضَلَالٍ مُبِينٍ فِي خَطَإٍ بَيِّنٍ فِي إِيثَارِهِمَا عَلَيْنَا اقْتُلُوا يُوسُفَ أَوِ اطْرَحُوهُ أَرْضًا يَخْلُ لَكُمْ وَجْهُ أَبِيكُمْ وَتَكُونُوا مِنْ بَعْدِهِ قَوْمًا صَالِحِينَ أَيْ تَائِبِينَ. فَقَالَ قَائِلٌ مِنْهُمْ، وَهُوَ يَهُودَا، وَكَانَ أَفْضَلَهُمْ وَأَعْقَلَهُمْ: لَا تَقْتُلُوا يُوسُفَ فَإِنَّ الْقَتْلَ عَظِيمٌ، ( وَأَلْقُوهُ فِي غَيَابَةِ الْجُبِّ يَلْتَقِطْهُ بَعْضُ السَّيَّارَةِ )، وَأَخَذَ عَلَيْهِمُ الْعُهُودَ أَنَّهُمْ لَا يَقْتُلُونَهُ، فَأَجْمَعُوا عِنْدَ ذَلِكَ أَنْ يَدْخُلُوا عَلَى يَعْقُوبَ وَيُكَلِّمُوهُ فِي إِرْسَالِ يُوسُفَ مَعَهُمْ إِلَى الْبَرِّيَّةِ، وَأَقْبَلُوا إِلَيْهِ وَوَقَفُوا بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ، وَكَذَلِكَ كَانُوا يَفْعَلُونَ إِذَا أَرَادُوا مِنْهُ حَاجَةً، فَلَمَّا رَآهُمْ قَالَ: مَا حَاجَتُكُمْ ؟ قَالُوا يَاأَبَانَا مَا لَكَ لَا تَأْمَنَّا عَلَى يُوسُفَ وَإِنَّا لَهُ لَنَاصِحُونَ نَحْفَظُهُ حَتَّى نَرُدَّهُ أَرْسِلْهُ مَعَنَا إِلَى الصَّحْرَاءِ غَدًا يَرْتَعْ وَيَلْعَبْ وَإِنَّا لَهُ لَحَافِظُونَ. فَقَالَ لَهُمْ يَعْقُوبُ: إِنِّي لَيَحْزُنُنِي أَنْ تَذْهَبُوا بِهِ وَأَخَافُ أَنْ يَأْكُلَهُ الذِّئْبُ وَأَنْتُمْ عَنْهُ غَافِلُونَ لَا تَشْعُرُونَ، وَإِنَّمَا قَالَ لَهُمْ ذَلِكَ لِأَنَّهُ كَانَ رَأَى فِي مَنَامِهِ كَأَنَّ يُوسُفَ عَلَى رَأْسِ جَبَلٍ وَكَأَنَّ عَشَرَةً مِنَ الذِّئَابِ قَدْ شَدُّوا عَلَيْهِ لِيَقْتُلُوهُ، وَإِذَا ذِئْبٌ مِنْهَا يَحْمِي عَنْهُ، وَكَأَنَّ الْأَرْضَ انْشَقَّتْ فَذَهَبَ فِيهَا فَلَمْ يَخْرُجْ مِنْهَا إِلَّا بَعْدَ ثَلَاثَةِ أَيَّامٍ، فَلِذَلِكَ خَافَ عَلَيْهِ الذِّئْبَ. فَقَالَ لَهُ بَنُوهُ: لَئِنْ أَكَلَهُ الذِّئْبُ وَنَحْنُ عُصْبَةٌ إِنَّا إِذًا لَخَاسِرُونَ. فَاطْمَأَنَّ إِلَيْهِمْ، فَقَالَ يُوسُفُ: يَا أَبَتِ أَرْسِلْنِي مَعَهُمْ، قَالَ: أَوَ تُحِبُّ ذَلِكَ ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ. فَأَذِنَ لَهُ، فَلَبِسَ ثِيَابَهُ وَخَرَجَ مَعَهُمْ وَهُمْ يُكْرِمُونَهُ، فَلَمَّا خَرَجُوا بِهِ إِلَى الْبَرِّيَّةِ أَظْهَرُوا لَهُ الْعَدَاوَةَ، وَجَعَلَ هَذَا يَضْرِبُهُ فَيَسْتَغِيثُ بِالْآخَرِ فَيَضْرِبُهُ، فَجَعَلَ يَصِيحُ: يَا أَبَتَاهُ، يَا يَعْقُوبُ لَوْ تَعْلَمُ مَا يُصْنَعُ بِابْنِكِ، فَأَلْقَوْهُ فِي الْجُبِّ، فَجَعَلُوا يُدَلُّونَهُ فَيَتَعَلَّقُ بِشَفِيرِ الْبِئْرِ، فَرَبَطُوا يَدَيْهِ وَنَزَعُوا قَمِيصَهُ، فَقَالَ: يَا إِخْوَتَاهُ رُدُّوا عَلَيَّ قَمِيصِي أَتَوَارَى بِهِ فِي الْجُبِّ، فَقَالُوا: ادْعُ الشَّمْسَ وَالْقَمَرَ وَالْكَوَاكِبَ [تُؤْنِسْكَ]. فَأَلْقَوْهُ فِي الْمَاءِ، فَآوَى إِلَى الصَّخْرَةِ فِي الْجُبِّ، ثُمَّ أَرَادُوا أَنْ يَرْضَخُوهُ بِصَخْرَةٍ، فَمَنَعَهُمْ يَهُوذَا، وَقَالَ: قَدْ أَعْطَيْتُمُونِي مَوْثِقًا أَنْ لَا تَقْتُلُوهُ، وَكَانَ يَهُوذَا يَأْتِيهِ بِالطَّعَامِ ثُمَّ أَوْحَى اللَّهُ إِلَيْهِ: لَتُنَبِّئَنَّهُمْ بِأَمْرِهِمْ هَذَا وَهُمْ لَا يَشْعُرُونَ بِالْوَحْيِ، وَقِيلَ لَا يَشْعُرُونَ أَنَّهُ يُوسُفُ. وَالْجُبُّ بِأَرْضِ بَيْتِ الْمَقْدِسِ مَعْرُوفٌ. ثُمَّ عَادُوا إِلَى أَبِيهِمْ عِشَاءً يَبْكُونَ فَقَالُوا: يَاأَبَانَا إِنَّا ذَهَبْنَا نَسْتَبِقُ وَتَرَكْنَا يُوسُفَ عِنْدَ مَتَاعِنَا فَأَكَلَهُ الذِّئْبُ. فَقَالَ لَهُمْ أَبُوهُمْ: بَلْ سَوَّلَتْ لَكُمْ أَنْفُسُكُمْ أَمْرًا فَصَبْرٌ جَمِيلٌ. ثُمَّ قَالَ لَهُمْ: أَرُونِي قَمِيصَهُ. فَأَرَوْهُ. فَقَالَ: تَاللَّهِ مَا رَأَيْتُ ذِئْبًا أَحْلَمَ مِنْ هَذَا ! أَكَلَ ابْنِي وَلَمْ يَشُقَّ قَمِيصَهُ ! ثُمَّ صَاحَ وَخَرَّ مَغْشِيًّا عَلَيْهِ سَاعَةً، فَلَمَّا أَفَاقَ بَكَى بُكَاءً طَوِيلًا فَأَخَذَ الْقَمِيصَ يُقَبِّلُهُ وَيَشُمُّهُ.
Translation
✧ The scholars of the prophetic biography said: When the brothers of Joseph saw Jacob’s intense love for him and his favor toward him, they envied him and it became grave in their eyes. Then Joseph saw in his sleep as if eleven stars and the sun and the moon were prostrating to him, and he related it to his father, and his age at that time was twelve years. His father said to him: “O my son, do not relate your vision to your brothers, lest they plot a plot against you; indeed Satan is to man a clear enemy.” Then he interpreted his vision for him. He said: “And thus your Lord will choose you and teach you the interpretation of narratives.” Jacob’s wife heard what Joseph said to his father, so Jacob said to her: “Conceal what Joseph said and do not inform your sons.” She said: “Yes.” When Jacob’s sons returned from tending the flocks, she informed them of the vision, so they increased in envy and dislike for him, and they said: “By the sun he means none other than our father, and by the moon none other than you, and by the stars none other than us. The son of Rachel wants to rule over us and say, ‘I am your master.’” They conspired among themselves to separate him from his father, and they said: “Joseph and his brother are dearer to our father than we, while we are a strong group; indeed our father is in clear error,” in manifest mistake in preferring them over us. “Kill Joseph or cast him out to some land; your father’s face will be free for you, and you will be after him a righteous people,” meaning repentant. One of them said, and he was Judah, who was the best of them and the most intelligent: “Do not kill Joseph, for killing is grave, ‘and cast him into the bottom of the well; some caravan will pick him up,’” and he took oaths from them that they would not kill him. At that they agreed to go in to Jacob and speak to him about sending Joseph with them to the wilderness. They approached him and stood before him, and thus they used to do when they wanted something from him. When he saw them, he said: “What is your need?” They said: “O our father, why do you not trust us with Joseph, while indeed we are sincere to him? We will guard him until we return him. Send him with us tomorrow to the desert to graze and play, and indeed we will be his guardians.” Jacob said to them: “Indeed it grieves me that you should take him away, and I fear that a wolf may eat him while you are heedless of him,” unaware. He said that to them only because he had seen in his sleep as if Joseph was on the top of a mountain and as if ten wolves had attacked him to kill him, and one wolf among them was protecting him, and as if the earth split open and he went into it and did not come out of it until after three days. For that reason he feared the wolf for him. His sons said to him: “If the wolf should eat him while we are a strong group, then indeed we would be losers.” So he trusted them. Joseph said: “O my father, send me with them.” He said: “Do you love that?” He said: “Yes.” So he permitted him. He put on his clothes and went out with them while they honored him. When they took him out to the wilderness, they showed him enmity, and one of them began beating him, so he would cry for help to another and that one would beat him. He began crying out: “O my father, O Jacob, if only you knew what is being done to your son.” They cast him into the well, and they began lowering him down, and he would cling to the edge of the well, so they bound his hands and stripped off his shirt. He said: “O my brothers, return my shirt to me so that I may cover myself with it in the well.” They said: “Call upon the sun and the moon and the stars to comfort you.” They cast him into the water, and he took refuge at the rock in the well. Then they wanted to crush him with a rock, but Judah prevented them and said: “You have given me a covenant that you will not kill him.” Judah used to bring him food. Then God revealed to him: “You will surely inform them of this affair of theirs while they do not perceive,” by revelation; and it was said: they do not perceive that he is Joseph. The well is in the land of Jerusalem and is well known. Then they returned to their father in the evening weeping and said: “O our father, indeed we went racing and left Joseph with our belongings, and the wolf ate him.” Their father said to them: “Rather your souls have enticed you to something, so patience is beautiful.” Then he said to them: “Show me his shirt.” They showed it to him. He said: “By God, I have never seen a wolf more forbearing than this one! He ate my son and did not tear his shirt!” Then he cried out and fell down in a swoon for an hour. When he recovered, he wept for a long time, and he took the shirt and began kissing it and smelling it.
Grades by grader
No grade is recorded for this wording.