Tarikh (al-Tabari) 1649
The Farewell Pilgrimage
ثُمَّ خَرَجَ إِلَى الصَّفَا مِنَ الْبَابِ الَّذِي يُقَابِلُهُ، فَلَمَّا دَنَا مِنْهُ قَرَأَ إِنَّ الصَّفَا وَالْمَرْوَةَ مِنْ شَعَائِرِ اللَّهِ أَبْدَأُ بِمَا بَدَأَ اللَّهُ بِهِ». وَفِي رِوَايَةِ النَّسَائِيِّ: «ابْدَءُوا» عَلَى الْأَمْرِ ثُمَّ رَقَى عَلَيْهِ حَتَّى إِذَا رَأَى الْبَيْتَ فَاسْتَقْبَلَ الْبَيْتَ فَوَحَّدَ اللَّهَ- تَعَالَى- وَكَبَّرَهُ وَقَالَ: «لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ وَحْدَهُ لَا شَرِيكَ لَهُ، لَهُ الْمَلِكُ، وَلَهُ الْحَمْدُ، وَهُوَ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ، لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ وَحْدَهُ، أَنْجَزَ وَعْدَهُ، وَنَصَرَ عَبْدَهُ، وَهَزَمَ الْأَحْزَابَ وَحْدَهُ»، ثُمَّ دَعَا بَيْنَ ذَلِكَ، قَالَ مِثْلَ ذَلِكَ ثَلَاثَ مَرَّاتٍ». وَقَامَ ابْنُ مَسْعُودٍ عَلَى الصَّدْعِ، وَهُوَ: الشِّقُّ الَّذِي فِي الصَّفَا، فَقِيلَ لَهُ هَا هُنَا يَا أَبَا عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، قَالَ: هَذَا وَالَّذِي لَا إِلَهَ غَيْرُهُ مَقَامُ الَّذِي أُنْزِلَتْ عَلَيْهِ سُورَةُ الْبَقَرَةِ، ثُمَّ نَزَلَ إِلَى الْمَرْوَةِ يَمْشِي، فَلَمَّا انْصَبَّتْ قَدَّمَاهُ فِي بَطْنِ الْوَادِي سَعَى حَتَّى إِذَا جَاوَزَ الْوَادِيَ وَصَعِدَ مَشَى. وعَنْ جَابِرٍ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ طَافَ فِي حَجَّةِ الْوَدَاعِ عَلَى رَاحِلَتِهِ بِالْبَيْتِ، وَبَيْنَ الصَّفَا وَالْمَرْوَةِ لِيَرَاهُ النَّاسُ. قُلْتُ: وَبِكَوْنِهِ سَعَى رَاكِبًا جَزَمَ ابْنُ حَزْمٍ. وَظَاهِرُ الْأَحَادِيثِ عَنْ جَابِرٍ وَغَيْرِهِ، يَقْتَضِي أَنَّهُ مَشَى خُصُوصًا، قَوْلَهُ فَلَمَّا انْصَبَّتْ قَدَّمَاهُ فِي الْوَادِي رَمَلَ حَتَّى إِذَا صَعِدَ مَشَى. وَجَزَمَ ابْنُ حَزْمٍ: بِأَنَّ الرَّاكِبَ إِذَا انْصَبَّ بِهِ بَعِيرُهُ فَقَدِ انْصَبَّ كُلُّهُ وَانْصَبَّتْ قَدَمَاهُ أَيْضًا مَعَ سَائِرِ جَسَدِهِ. قَالَ ابْنُ كَثِيرٍ وَهَذَا بَعِيدٌ جِدًّا. قَالَا: وَفِي الْجَمْعِ بَيْنَهُمَا وَجْهٌ أَحْسَنُ مِنْ هَذَا وَهُوَ: أَنَّهُ سَعَى مَاشِيًا أَوَّلًا، ثُمَّ أَتَمَّ سَعْيَهُ رَاكِبًا، وَقَدْ جَاءَ ذَلِكَ مُصَرَّحًا بِهِ، فَفِي صَحِيحِ مُسْلِمٍ، عَنْ أَبِي الطُّفَيْلِ، قَالَ قُلْتُ: لِابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ: أَخْبِرْنِي عَنِ الطَّوَافِ بَيْنَ الصَّفَا وَالْمَرْوَةِ رَاكِبًا، أَسِنَّةٌ هُوَ ؟ فَإِنَّ قَوْمَكَ يَزْعُمُونَ أَنَّهُ سُنَّةٌ. قَالَ: «صَدَقُوا وَكَذَبُوا»، قَالَ: قُلْتُ: مَا قَوْلُكَ صَدَقُوا وَكَذَبُوا قَالَ: إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ كَثُرَ عَلَيْهِ النَّاسُ يَقُولُونَ: هَذَا مُحَمَّدٌ، حَتَّى خَرَجَ عَلَيْهِ الْعَوَاتِقُ مِنَ الْبُيُوتِ قَالَ: وَكَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ لَا يَضْرِبُ النَّاسَ بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ، قَالَ: فَلَمَّا كَثُرَ عَلَيْهِ النَّاسُ رَكِبَ، وَالْمَشْيُ أَفْضَلُ. قُلْتُ: «وَفِي حَدِيثِ يَعْلَى بْنِ أُمَيَّةَ عِنْدَ الْإِمَامِ أَحْمَدَ أَنَّهُ رَأَى رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ مُضْطَبِعًا بَيْنَ الصَّفَا وَالْمَرْوَةِ بِبُرْدٍ نَجْرَانِيٍّ». وَرَوَى النَّسَائِيُّ وَالطَّبَرَانِيُّ بِرِجَالِ الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ أُمِّ وَلَدِ شَيْبَةَ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ «أَنَّهَا أَبْصَرَتْ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَهُوَ يَسْعَى بَيْنَ الصَّفَا وَالْمَرْوَةِ وَهُوَ يَقُولُ: «لَا يُقْطَعُ الْأَبْطُحُ إِلَّا شَدًّا». وَرَوَى الْبَيْهَقِيُّ، عَنْ قَدَامَةَ بْنِ عَمَّارٍ، قَالَ: «رَأَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَهُوَ يَسْعَى بَيْنَ الصَّفَا وَالْمَرْوَةِ عَلَى بَعِيرٍ، لَا ضَرْبَ، وَلَا طَرْدَ، وَلَا إِلَيْكَ إِلَيْكَ». وَرَوَى عَبْدُ اللَّهِ ابْنُ الْإِمَامِ أَحْمَدَ، وَالْبَزَّارُ- بِرِجَالٍ ثِقَاتٍ- عَنْ عَلِيٍّ ؓ «أَنَّهُ رَأَى رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ كَاشِفًا عَنْ ثَوْبِهِ حَتَّى بَلَغَ رُكْبَتَيْهِ». وَرَوَى الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ، وَالطَّبَرَانِيُّ، عَنْ حَبِيبَةَ بِنْتِ أَبِي تِجْرَاةَ ؓ قَالَتْ: «رَأَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَطُوفُ بَيْنَ الصَّفَا وَالْمَرْوَةِ، وَالنَّاسُ بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ وَهُوَ وَرَاءَهُمْ وَهُوَ يَسْعَى، حَتَّى أَرَى رُكْبَتَيْهِ مِنْ شِدَّةِ السَّعْيِ، يَدُورُ بِهِ إِزَارُهُ وَهُوَ يَقُولُ: «اسْعَوْا فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ- عَزَّ وَجَلَّ- كَتَبَ عَلَيْكُمُ السَّعْيَ» وَفِي الْكَبِيرِ قَالَ: «وَلَقَدْ رَأَيْتُهُ مِنْ شِدَّةِ السَّعْيِ يَدُورُ الْإِزَارُ حَوْلَ بَطْنِهِ وَفَخِذَيْهِ حَتَّى رَأَيْتُ بَيَاضَ فَخِذَيْهِ». قُلْتُ: وَفِي حَدِيثِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ ؓ أَنَّهُ ﷺ كَانَ إِذَا سَعَى فِي بَطْنِ الْمَسِيلِ، قَالَ: «اللَّهُمَّ اغْفِرْ وَارْحَمْ، وَأَنْتَ الْأَعَزُّ الْأَكْرَمُ» رَوَاهُ الطَّبَرَانِيُّ. وَفِي حَدِيثِ ابْنِ عَلْقَمَةَ، عَنْ عَمِّهِ «أَنَّهُ ﷺ كَانَ إِذَا جَاءَ مَكَانًا مِنْ دَارِ يَعْلَى- نَسَبَهُ عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ- اسْتَقْبَلَ الْبَيْتَ وَدَعَا». رَوَاهُ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ وَأَبُو دَاوُدَ إِلَّا أَنَّهُ قَالَ: عَنْ أُمِّهِ وَاللَّهُ تَعَالَى أَعْلَمُ. فَصْلٌ ( فِي دَلَالَةِ مَنْ ذَهَبَ إِلَى أَنَّ السَّعْيَ أَرْبَعَةَ عَشَرَ وَالرَّدُّ عَلَيْهِمْ ) قَالَ جَابِرٌ فِي حَدِيث?هِ: حَتَّى إِذَا كَانَ آخِرُ طَوَافِهِ عِنْدَ الْمَرْوَةِ قَالَ: " إِنِّي لَوِ اسْتَقْبَلْتُ مِنْ أَمْرِي مَا اسْتَدْبَرْتُ لَمْ أَسُقِ الْهَدْيَ " رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ. فَفِيهِ دَلَالَةٌ عَلَى مَنْ ذَهَبَ إِلَى أَنَّ السَّعْيَ بَيْنَ الصَّفَا وَالْمَرْوَةِ أَرْبَعَةَ عَشَرَ، كُلُّ ذَهَابٍ وَإِيَابٍ يُحْسَبُ مَرَّةً. قَالَهُ جَمَاعَةٌ مِنْ أَكَابِرِ الشَّافِعِيَّةِ. وَهَذَا الْحَدِيثُ رَدٌّ عَلَيْهِمْ ; لِأَنَّ آخِرَ الطَّوَافِ عَلَى قَوْلِهِمْ يَكُونُ عِنْدَ الصَّفَا لَا عِنْدَ الْمَرْوَةِ ; وَلِهَذَا قَالَ أَحْمَدُ فِي رِوَايَتِهِ فِي حَدِيثِ جَابِرٍ: فَلَمَّا كَانَ السَّابِعُ عِنْدَ الْمَرْوَةِ قَالَ: " أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ إِنِّي لَوِ اسْتَقْبَلْتُ مِنْ أَمْرِي مَا اسْتَدْبَرْتُ لَمْ أَسُقِ الْهَدْيَ وَجَعَلْتُهَا عُمْرَةً، فَمَنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ مَعَهُ هَدْيٌ فَلْيَحِلَّ وَلْيَجْعَلْهَا عُمْرَةً ". فَحَلَّ النَّاسُ كُلُّهُمْ. وَقَالَ مُسْلِمٌ: فَحَلَّ النَّاسُ كُلُّهُمْ وَقَصَّرُوا إِلَّا النَّبِيَّ ﷺ وَمَنْ كَانَ مَعَهُ هَدْيٌ
Translation
✧ Then he went out to al-Ṣafā from the gate that faces it. When he drew near to it, he recited: “Indeed, al-Ṣafā and al-Marwah are among the rites of Allah. I begin with what Allah began with.” In al-Nasāʾī’s narration: “Begin” in the imperative form. Then he ascended it until, when he saw the House, he faced the House, declared the oneness of Allah—Exalted is He—and magnified Him, and said: “There is no god but Allah alone, with no partner. His is the dominion, and His is the praise, and He is over all things capable. There is no god but Allah alone. He fulfilled His promise, granted victory to His servant, and defeated the confederates alone.” Then he supplicated between that. He said the like of that three times.” Ibn Masʿūd stood on the crevice—that is, the split in al-Ṣafā. It was said to him: Here, O Abū ʿAbd al-Raḥmān. He said: By the One besides whom there is no god, this is the station of the one upon whom Sūrat al-Baqarah was revealed. Then he descended toward al-Marwah walking. When his feet descended into the bottom of the valley, he ran until, when he passed beyond the valley and ascended, he walked. From Jābir, that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ circumambulated during the Farewell Pilgrimage on his mount around the House, and between al-Ṣafā and al-Marwah, so that the people could see him. I say: Ibn Ḥazm asserted definitively that he performed the saʿy riding. The apparent meaning of the ḥadīths from Jābir and others indicates that he walked, especially his statement: “When his feet descended into the valley, he jogged until, when he ascended, he walked.” Ibn Ḥazm asserted definitively that when a rider’s camel descends with him, his whole body descends, and his feet also descend along with the rest of his body. Ibn Kathīr said: This is very far-fetched. They both said: In reconciling the two, there is a better way than this, namely that he performed the saʿy walking at first, then completed his saʿy riding. This has been stated explicitly. In Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim, from Abū al-Ṭufayl, he said: I said to Ibn ʿAbbās: Inform me about circumambulating between al-Ṣafā and al-Marwah riding. Is it a sunnah? For your people claim that it is a sunnah. He said: “They spoke truth and they lied.” He said: I said: What is your saying “They spoke truth and they lied”? He said: When the people crowded upon the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, saying: This is Muḥammad, until young women came out of the houses to him. He said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ did not strike the people before him. He said: When the people crowded upon him, he rode, and walking is more virtuous. I say: “In the ḥadīth of Yaʿlā b. Umayyah according to Imam Aḥmad, he saw the Messenger of Allah ﷺ with his upper garment draped across his shoulder between al-Ṣafā and al-Marwah, wearing a Najrānī cloak.” Al-Nasāʾī and al-Ṭabarānī narrated with the men of the Ṣaḥīḥ, from the mother of a child of Shaybah b. ʿUthmān, “that she saw the Messenger of Allah ﷺ performing the saʿy between al-Ṣafā and al-Marwah while saying: ‘The wide valley is not traversed except with a run.’” Al-Bayhaqī narrated from Qudāmah b. ʿAmmār, who said: “I saw the Messenger of Allah ﷺ performing the saʿy between al-Ṣafā and al-Marwah on a camel: no striking, no driving, and no ‘to you, to you.’” ʿAbd Allāh, son of Imam Aḥmad, and al-Bazzār—with trustworthy men—narrated from ʿAlī ؓ “that he saw the Messenger of Allah ﷺ with his garment uncovered until it reached his knees.” Imam Aḥmad and al-Ṭabarānī narrated from Ḥabībah bt. Abī Tijrāh ؓ, who said: “I saw the Messenger of Allah ﷺ circumambulating between al-Ṣafā and al-Marwah, with the people before him and he behind them, while he ran—until I could see his knees from the intensity of the running, his lower garment twisting around him—and he was saying: ‘Run, for Allah—Mighty and Majestic—has prescribed running for you.’” In al-Kabīr, she said: “I saw him, from the intensity of the running, his lower garment turning around his belly and thighs until I saw the whiteness of his thighs.” I say: In the ḥadīth of Ibn Masʿūd ؓ, that he ﷺ, when he ran in the bottom of the watercourse, said: “O Allah, forgive and have mercy, and You are the Most Mighty, the Most Generous.” Al-Ṭabarānī narrated it. In the ḥadīth of Ibn ʿAlqamah, from his paternal uncle, “that he ﷺ, when he came to a place near the house of Yaʿlā—ʿUbayd Allāh attributed it—faced the House and supplicated.” Imam Aḥmad and Abū Dāwūd narrated it, except that he said: from his mother. And Allah—Exalted—knows best. Chapter (on the indication of those who held that the saʿy is fourteen, and the refutation of them) Jābir said in his ḥadīth: until, when his last circumambulation was at al-Marwah, he said: “If I had known before what I know now, I would not have driven the sacrificial animal.” Muslim narrated it. In it is an indication against those who held that the saʿy between al-Ṣafā and al-Marwah is fourteen, each going and returning counted as once. A group of leading Shāfiʿīs said this. This ḥadīth is a refutation of them, because the last circumambulation, according to their view, would be at al-Ṣafā, not at al-Marwah. For this reason Aḥmad said in his narration of Jābir’s ḥadīth: When the seventh was at al-Marwah, he said: “O people, if I had known before what I know now, I would not have driven the sacrificial animal and would have made it an ʿumrah. Whoever does not have a sacrificial animal with him, let him exit consecration and make it an ʿumrah.” So all the people exited consecration. Muslim said: So all the people exited consecration and shortened their hair, except the Prophet ﷺ and those who had a sacrificial animal with them.
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