Tarikh (al-Tabari) 1634
The Farewell Pilgrimage
إِعْلَامِهِ ﷺ بِأَنَّهُ حَاجٌّ فِي هَذِهِ السَّنَةِ: قُلْتُ: قَالَ ابْنُ سَعْدٍ: قَالُوا: أَقَامَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِالْمَدِينَةِ عَشْرَ سِنِينَ يُضَحِّي كُلَّ عَامٍ، وَلَا يَحْلِقُ، وَلَا يُقَصِّرُ، وَيَغْزُو الْمَغَازِي، وَلَا يَحُجُّ حَتَّى كَانَ فِي ذِي الْقِعْدَةِ سَنَةَ عَشْرٍ أَجْمَعَ الْخُرُوجَ إِلَى الْحَجِّ وَاللَّهُ تَعَالَى أَعْلَمُ، وَلَمَّا عَزَمَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَلَى الْحَجِّ أَذَّنَ فِي النَّاسِ أَنَّهُ حَاجٌّ فِي هَذِهِ السَّنَةِ فَسَمِعَ بِذَلِكَ مَنْ حَوْلَ الْمَدِينَةِ، فَلَمْ يَبْقَ أَحَدٌ يُرِيدُ وَفِي لَفْظٍ: يَقْدِرُ أَنْ يَأْتِيَ رَاكِبًا، أَوْ رَاجِلًا إِلَّا قَدِمَ، فَقَدِمَ الْمَدِينَةَ بَشَرٌ كَثِيرٌ، وَوَافَاهُ فِي الطَّرِيقِ خَلَائِقُ لَا يُحْصَوْنَ، وَكَانُوا مِنْ بَيْنِ يَدَيْهِ، وَمَنْ خَلْفِهِ، وَعَنْ يَمِينِهِ، وَعَنْ شِمَالِهِ، مَدَّ الْبَصَرِ، كُلُّهُمْ يَلْتَمِسُ أَنْ يَأْتَمَّ بِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَيَعْمَلَ مِثْلَ عَمَلِهِ، وَأَصَابَ النَّاسَ جُدَرِيٌّ، أَوْ حَصْبَةٌ، مَنَعَتْ مَنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ أَنْ تَمْنَعَ مِنَ الْحَجِّ، قَالَ أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ: فَأَعْلَمَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَنَّ عُمْرَةً فِي رَمَضَانَ، تَعْدِلُ حَجَّةً مَعَهُ. وَصَوَّبَا أَنَّ هَذَا الْإِعْلَامَ كَانَ بَعْدَ رُجُوعِهِ ﷺ وَهُوَ كَمَا قَالَ. وَهْمٌ لأبي محمد بن حزم فِي حَجَّةِ الْوَدَاعِ حَيْثُ قَالَ: إِنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ أَعْلَمَ النَّاسَ وَقْتَ خُرُوجِهِ ( أَنَّ عُمْرَةً فِي رَمَضَانَ تَعْدِلُ حَجَّةً ) وَهَذَا وَهْمٌ ظَاهِرٌ؛ فَإِنَّهُ إِنَّمَا قَالَ ذَلِكَ بَعْدَ رُجُوعِهِ إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ مِنْ حَجَّتِهِ، إِذْ قَالَ لأم سنان الأنصارية: ( مَا مَنَعَكِ أَنْ تَكُونِي حَجَجْتِ مَعَنَا ؟ قَالَتْ: لَمْ يَكُنْ لَنَا إِلَّا نَاضِحَانِ فَحَجَّ أَبُو وَلَدِي وَابْنِي عَلَى نَاضِحٍ، وَتَرَكَ لَنَا نَاضِحًا نَنْضَحُ عَلَيْهِ. قَالَ: فَإِذَا جَاءَ رَمَضَانُ فَاعْتَمِرِي، فَإِنَّ عُمْرَةً فِي رَمَضَانَ تَقْضِي حَجَّةً ) هَكَذَا رَوَاهُ مسلم فِي " صَحِيحِهِ ". وَكَذَلِكَ أَيْضًا، قَالَ هَذَا لأم معقل بَعْدَ رُجُوعِهِ إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ، كَمَا رَوَاهُ أبو داود، مِنْ حَدِيثِ يُوسُفَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ سَلَامٍ، عَنْ جَدَّتِهِ أم معقل، قَالَتْ: لَمَّا حَجَّ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ حَجَّةَ الْوَدَاعِ وَكَانَ لَنَا جَمَلٌ فَجَعَلَهُ أبو معقل فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ، فَأَصَابَنَا مَرَضٌ، فَهَلَكَ أبو معقل، وَخَرَجَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَلَمَّا فَرَغَ مِنْ حَجِّهِ جِئْتُهُ، فَقَالَ: ( مَا مَنَعَكِ أَنْ تَخْرُجِي مَعَنَا ؟ فَقَالَتْ: لَقَدْ تَهَيَّأْنَا، فَهَلَكَ أبو معقل، وَكَانَ لَنَا جَمَلٌ وَهُوَ الَّذِي نَحُجُّ عَلَيْهِ، فَأَوْصَى بِهِ أبو معقل فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ. قَالَ: فَهَلَّا خَرَجْتِ عَلَيْهِ ؟ فَإِنَّ الْحَجَّ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ، فَأَمَّا إِذْ فَاتَتْكِ هَذِهِ الْحَجَّةُ مَعَنَا فَاعْتَمِرِي فِي رَمَضَانَ؛ فَإِنَّهَا كَحَجَّةٍ ). فَصْلٌ وَمِنْهَا وَهْمٌ آخَرُ لَهُ، وَهُوَ أَنَّ خُرُوجَهُ كَانَ يَوْمَ الْخَمِيسِ لِسِتٍّ بَقِينَ مِنْ ذِي الْقَعْدَةِ، وَقَدْ تَقَدَّمَ أَنَّهُ خَرَجَ لِخَمْسٍ، وَأَنَّ خُرُوجَهُ كَانَ يَوْمَ السَّبْتِ.
Translation
✧ Informing ﷺ that he would perform Hajj this year: I said: Ibn Saʿd said: They said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ stayed in Madinah for ten years, offering sacrifices every year, and he did not shave or trim, and he went on expeditions, but he did not perform Hajj until, in Dhū al-Qaʿdah of the year ten, he resolved to go out for Hajj—and Allah, may He be exalted, knows best. When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ resolved upon Hajj, he announced to the people that he would perform Hajj that year. Those around Madinah heard of that, and there remained no one who intended—or in one wording: was able—to come mounted or on foot but that he arrived. A great multitude came to Madinah, and along the road he was met by innumerable crowds. They were before him, behind him, to his right, and to his left as far as the eye could see, all seeking to follow the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and to do as he did. The people were struck by smallpox or measles, which prevented those whom Allah willed to prevent from the Hajj. Abū Muḥammad said: So the Messenger of Allah ﷺ informed that an ʿUmrah in Ramaḍān equals a Hajj with him. They both deemed correct that this informing was after his return ﷺ, and it is as he said. An error by Abū Muḥammad ibn Ḥazm regarding the Farewell Hajj, where he said: The Prophet ﷺ informed the people at the time of his departure that an ʿUmrah in Ramaḍān equals a Hajj. This is a clear error, for he only said that after his return to Madinah from his Hajj, when he said to Umm Sinān al-Anṣāriyyah: “What prevented you from performing Hajj with us?” She said: “We had only two watering camels, so the father of my son and my son performed Hajj on one, and he left us one to draw water upon.” He said: “When Ramaḍān comes, perform ʿUmrah, for an ʿUmrah in Ramaḍān fulfills a Hajj.” Thus Muslim narrated it in his Ṣaḥīḥ. Likewise, he said this to Umm Maʿqil after his return to Madinah, as Abū Dāwūd narrated from the ḥadīth of Yūsuf b. ʿAbd Allāh b. Salām, from his grandmother Umm Maʿqil. She said: When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ performed the Farewell Hajj, we had a camel, and Abū Maʿqil placed it in the path of Allah. Then illness befell us, and Abū Maʿqil perished. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ went out, and when he finished his Hajj, I came to him. He said: “What prevented you from going out with us?” She said: “We had prepared, but Abū Maʿqil perished. We had a camel, the one upon which we would perform Hajj, and Abū Maʿqil had bequeathed it in the path of Allah.” He said: “Why did you not go out upon it? For Hajj is in the path of Allah. But since this Hajj with us has passed you by, perform ʿUmrah in Ramaḍān, for it is like a Hajj.” Section Among them is another error of his, namely that his departure was on Thursday, with six days remaining of Dhū al-Qaʿdah. It has already been mentioned that he departed with five remaining, and that his departure was on Saturday.
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