Tarikh (al-Tabari) 1630
The Farewell Pilgrimage
حَجَّةُ الْوَدَاعِ كَانَ ابْتِدَاءُ فَرْضِ الْحَجَّةِ سَنَةَ تِسْعٍ مِنَ الْهِجْرَةِ وَيُقَالُ: سَنَةَ سِتٍّ، وَكَانَتْ حَجَّةُ الْوَدَاعِ سَنَةَ عَشْرٍ، وَلَمْ يَحُجَّ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ غَيْرَهَا، فَلَمَّا أَجْمَعَ الْخُرُوجَ إِلَى الْحَجِّ أَذَّنَ فِي النَّاسِ أَنَّهُ حَاجٌّ فِي هَذِهِ السَّنَةِ فَسَمِعَ بِذَلِكَ مَنْ حَوْلَ الْمَدِينَةِ، فَلَمْ يَبْقَ أَحَدٌ يُرِيدُ، أَوُ يَقْدِرُ أَنْ يَأْتِيَ رَاكِبًا، أَوْ رَاجِلًا إِلَّا قَدِمَ، فَقَدِمَ الْمَدِينَةَ بَشَرٌ كَثِيرٌ، وَوَافَاهُ فِي الطَّرِيقِ خَلَائِقُ لَا يُحْصَوْنَ، وَكَانُوا مِنْ بَيْنِ يَدَيْهِ، وَمِنْ خَلْفِهِ، وَعَنْ يَمِينِهِ، وَعَنْ شِمَالِهِ، مَدَّ الْبَصَرِ، كُلُّهُمْ يَلْتَمِسُ أَنْ يَأْتَمَ بِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَيَعْمَلَ مِثْلَ عَمَلِهِ. وَاسْتَعْمَلَ عَلَى الْمَدِينَةِ سِبَاعَ بْنَ عُرْفُطَةَ الْغِفَارِيُّ، وَصَلَّى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ الظُّهْرَ بِالْمَدِينَةِ أَرْبَعًا، وَخَطَبَ النَّاسَ وَعَلَّمَهُمْ مَا أَمَامَهُمْ مِنَ الْمَنَاسِكِ ثُمَّ تَرَجَّلَ وَادَّهَنَ بِزَيْتٍ، وَكَانَ قَدِ اغْتَسَلَ قَبْلَ ذَلِكَ، وَتَجَرَّدَ فِي ثَوْبَيْنِ صَحَارِيَّيْنِ إِزَارٍ وَرِدَاءٍ، وَأَبْدَلَهُمَا بِالتَّنْعِيمِ بِثَوْبَيْنِ مِنْ جِنْسِهِمَا، وَلَبِسَ إِزَارَهُ، وَرِدَاءَهُ وَرَكِبَ رَاحِلَتَهُ ﷺ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: اللَّهُمَّ اجْعَلْهُ حَجًّا مَبْرُورًا، لَا رِيَاءَ فِيهِ، وَلَا سُمْعَةً فَسَارَ ﷺ حَتَّى أَتَى ذَا الْحُلَيْفَةِ، وَهُوَ مِنْ وَادِي الْعَقِيقِ فَنَزَلَ بِهِ. وَأَحْرَمَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ وَأَهَلَّ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ بِالْحَجِّ مِنَ الْمَسْجِدِ فِي ذِي الْحُلَيْفَةِ، ثُمَّ لَبَّى ﷺ: لَبَّيْكَ اللَّهُمَّ لَبَّيْكَ لَبَّيْكَ لَا شَرِيكَ لَكَ لَبَّيْكَ، إِنَّ الْحَمْدَ وَالنِّعْمَةَ لَكَ، وَالْمُلْكَ، لَا شَرِيكَ لَكَ»، وَرَفَعَ صَوْتَهُ بِالتَّلْبِيَةِ حَتَّى سَمِعَهَا أَصْحَابُهُ وَخَيَّرَ أَصْحَابَهُ ﷺ عِنْدَ الْإِحْرَامِ بَيْنَ الْأَنْسَاكِ الثَّلَاثَةِ، ثُمَّ نَدَبَهُمْ عِنْدَ دُنُوِّهِمْ مِنْ مَكَّةَ إِلَى فَسْخِ الْحَجِّ وَالْقِرَانِ إِلَى الْعُمْرَةِ لِمَنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ مَعَهُ هَدْيٌ، ثُمَّ حَتَّمَ ذَلِكَ عَلَيْهِمْ عِنْدَ الْمَرْوَةِ. وَفَقَدَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ زَامِلَتَهُ الَّتِي كَانَتْ مَعَ زَامِلَةِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ ثُمَّ وَجَدَهَا صَفْوَانُ بْنُ الْمُعَطَّلِ فَأَتَى بِهَا إِلَيْهِمَا. ثُمَّ مَضَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ حَتَّى إِذَا كَانَ بِالْأَبْوَاءِ أَهْدَى لَهُ الصَّعْبُ بْنُ جَثَّامَةَ حِمَارَ وَحْشٍ، فَرَدَّهُ، وَقَالَ: إِنَّا لَمْ نَرُدَّهُ عَلَيْكَ إِلَّا أَنَّا حُرُمٌ» وَقَدْ حَاضَتْ عَائِشَةُ ؓ وَدَخَلَ عَلَيْهَا النَّبِيُّ ﷺ وَهِيَ تَبْكِي، فَقَالَ لَهَا: فَإِنَّكَ تَقْضِينَ كُلَّ مَا يَقْضِي الْحَاجُّ إِلَّا أَنَّكِ لَا تَطُوفِينَ بِالْبَيْتِ، ثُمَّ بَعَثَ بِهَا النَّبِيُّ ﷺ مَعَ أَخِيهَا عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ مِنَ التَّنْعِيمِ فَأَعْمَرَهَا مَكَانَ عُمْرَتِهَا الَّتِي فَاتَتْهَا. وَظَلَّ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ يُلَبِّي حَتَّى وَصَلَ إِلَى ذِي طُوًى قَرِيبٍ مِنْ مَكَّةَ - شَرَّفَهَا اللَّهُ - فَأَمْسَكَ، ثُمَّ دَخَلَ مَكَّةَ مِنَ الثَّنِيَّةِ الْعُلْيَا الَّتِي بِالْبَطْحَاءِ - وَيُقَالُ: كَدَاءٌ - لِيَرَاهُ النَّاسُ وَيُشْرِفَ عَلَيْهِمْ، فَطَافَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ وَلَمْ يُزَاحِمْ وَسَعَى بَيْنَ الصَّفَا وَالْمَرْوَةِ، ثُمَّ نَزَلَ بِالْأَبْطَحِ شَرْقِيِّ مَكَّةَ فِي قُبَّةٍ حَمْرَاءَ مَنْ أَدَمٍ ضُرِبَتْ لَهُ هُنَاكَ. وَقَدْ وَفَدَ عَلَيْهِ عَلِيٌّ ؓ مِنَ الْيَمَنِ فِي أَثْنَاءِ ذَلِكَ وَقَدْ أَهَلَّ بِمَا أَهَلَّ بِهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَأَكْمَلَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ مَنَاسِكَهُ وَخَطَبَ النَّاسَ بِعَرَفَةَ خُطْبَةَ الْوَدَاعِ، وَنَزَلَ عَلَيْهِ الْقُرْآنُ بِقَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى: الْيَوْمَ أَكْمَلْتُ لَكُمْ دِينَكُمْ وَأَتْمَمْتُ عَلَيْكُمْ نِعْمَتِي وَرَضِيتُ لَكُمْ الإِسْلامَ دِينًا وَلَمَّا أَتَمَّ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ حَجَّتَهُ، قَفَلَ رَاجِعًا إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ عَلَى سَاكِنِهَا أَفْضَلُ الصَّلَاةِ وَأَتَمُّ التَّسْلِيمِ.
Translation
✧ The Farewell Pilgrimage The obligation of the pilgrimage began in the year nine of the Hijrah, and it is said: in the year six. The Farewell Pilgrimage was in the year ten, and the Prophet ﷺ did not perform any pilgrimage other than it. When he resolved to set out for the pilgrimage, he announced to the people that he was performing the pilgrimage in that year. Those around Madinah heard of that, and no one who wished or was able to come riding or on foot remained but came. A great multitude of people came to Madinah, and countless throngs met him on the way. They were before him, behind him, on his right, and on his left, as far as the eye could see, all seeking to follow the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and do as he did. He appointed Sibāʿ b. ʿUrfuṭah al-Ghifārī over Madinah. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ prayed the noon prayer in Madinah as four rakʿahs, addressed the people, and taught them the rites that lay ahead of them. Then he combed his hair, anointed himself with oil, and had performed the major ablution before that. He put on two Ṣaḥārī garments, a waist-wrapper and a cloak, and exchanged them at al-Tanʿīm for two garments of the same kind. He put on his waist-wrapper and cloak, mounted his riding camel ﷺ, then said: "O Allah, make it an accepted pilgrimage, with no ostentation in it and no seeking of reputation." Then he traveled ﷺ until he came to Dhū al-Ḥulayfah, which is from the valley of al-ʿAqīq, and alighted there. The Prophet ﷺ entered the state of consecration, and the Prophet ﷺ proclaimed the pilgrimage from the mosque at Dhū al-Ḥulayfah. Then he recited the talbiyah ﷺ: "Labbayka Allāhumma labbayk, labbayka lā sharīka laka labbayk, inna al-ḥamda wa-l-niʿmata laka wa-l-mulk, lā sharīka lak." He raised his voice with the talbiyah until his companions heard it. He gave his companions ﷺ the choice at the time of entering consecration among the three rites. Then, when they drew near Makkah, he urged those who did not have a sacrificial animal with them to cancel the ḥajj and the qirān and turn them into an ʿumrah. Then, at al-Marwah, he made that binding upon them. The Prophet ﷺ missed his mount that had been with the mount of Abū Bakr, then Ṣafwān b. al-Muʿaṭṭal found it and brought it to the two of them. Then the Messenger of Allah went on until, when he was at al-Abwāʾ, al-Ṣaʿb b. Jaththāmah gave him a wild ass as a gift, but he returned it and said: "We have not returned it to you except because we are in the state of consecration." ʿĀʾishah ؓ had menstruated, and the Prophet ﷺ entered upon her while she was weeping. He said to her: "You will perform all that the pilgrim performs, except that you will not circumambulate the House." Then the Prophet ﷺ sent her with her brother ʿAbd al-Raḥmān from al-Tanʿīm, and he had her perform an ʿumrah in place of the ʿumrah that she had missed. The Prophet ﷺ continued to recite the talbiyah until he reached Dhū Ṭuwā near Makkah—may Allah honor it—then he stopped. Then he entered Makkah from the upper mountain pass at al-Baṭḥāʾ—and it is said: Kadāʾ—so that the people might see him and he might overlook them. The Prophet ﷺ circumambulated without jostling, and he walked briskly between al-Ṣafā and al-Marwah. Then he alighted at al-Abṭaḥ, east of Makkah, in a red leather dome that was pitched for him there. ʿAlī ؓ came to him from Yemen during that time, having entered consecration with the same consecration as the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. The Prophet ﷺ completed his rites and delivered the Farewell Sermon to the people at ʿArafah, and the Qurʾan came down upon him with the words of the Exalted: "This day I have perfected for you your religion and completed My favor upon you and have approved for you Islam as religion." When the Prophet ﷺ completed his pilgrimage, he turned back returning to Madinah, upon whose inhabitant be the best of prayers and the most complete of greetings.
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