Tarikh (al-Tabari) 163
Chapter mentioning the offspring of Abraham (peace and blessings be upon him)
مُلَخَّصُ قِصَّةِ يُوسُفَ بْنِ يَعْقُوبَ عَلَيْهِمَا السَّلَامُ: هُوَ نَبِيُّ اللَّهِ ابْنُ الْأَكْرَمِينَ يُوسُفُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَلَيْهِمُ السَّلَامُ، وَقَدْ جَاءَتْ قِصَّتُهُ كَامِلَةً فِي سُورَةٍ بِاسْمِهِ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ وَفِيهَا مِنَ الْعِبَرِ الْكَثِيرُ وَقَدْ وُلِدَ لِيَعْقُوبَ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ مِنْ أُمِّهِ رَاحِيلَ فَدَفَعَهُ أَبُوهُ إِلَى أُخْتِهِ وَهِيَ عَمَّةُ يُوسُفَ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ تَحْتَضِنُهُ ثُمَّ طَلَبَهُ مِنْهَا لِفَرَاغِ قَلْبِهِ لِفِرَاقِهِ فَأَبَتْ عَلَيْهِ، وَلَمَّا كَانَ فِي شَرِيعَتِهِمْ أَنَّ مَنْ سَرَقَ يُسَلَّمُ لِلْمَسْرُوقِ يَفْعَلُ فِيهِ مَا يَشَاءُ فَقَدْ كَادَتْ يُوسُفَ وَاتَّهَمَتْهُ بِسَرِقَةِ مِنْطَقَةِ إِسْحَاقَ لِيُسَلَّمَ لَهَا وَيَظَلَّ مَعَهَا وَهِيَ السَّرِقَةُ الَّتِي ذَكَرَهَا إِخْوَتُهُ فِي قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى: إِنْ يَسْرِقْ فَقَدْ سَرَقَ أَخٌ لَهُ مِنْ قَبْلُ. وَلَمَّا مَاتَتْ عَمَّتُهُ رَجَعَ إِلَى أَبِيهِ عَلَيْهِمَا السَّلَامُ فَلَمَّا وَجَدَ إِخْوَتُهُ شِدَّةَ حُبِّ أَبِيهِ لَهُ، أَرَادُوا قَتْلَهُ ثُمَّ عَدَلُوا عَنْ ذَلِكَ بِأَنْ أَلْقَوْهُ فِي غَيَابَةِ الْجُبِّ لِيَلْتَقِطَهُ بَعْضُ الْمُسَافِرِينَ فِي الطَّرِيقِ عِنْدَ اسْتِقَائِهِمْ مِنَ الْبِئْرِ وَقَدْ كَانَ ذَلِكَ، وَلَمَّا رَجَعُوا إِلَى أَبِيهِمْ كَذَبُوا عَلَيْهِ بِأَنَّ يُوسُفَ قَدْ أَكَلَهُ الذِّئْبُ عَنْ غَفْلَةِ مِنْهُمْ، وَقَدْ حَزِنَ عَلَيْهِ يَعْقُوبُ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ حُزْنًا شَدِيدًا ذَهَبَ مَعَهُ بَصَرُهُ فَعَمِيَ. وَلَمَّا أُخِذَ يُوسُفُ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ بِيعَ فِي مِصْرَ بِدَرَاهِمَ مَعْدُودَةٍ، وَقَالَ الَّذِي اشْتَرَاهُ لِامْرَأَتِهِ أَكْرِمِي مَثْوَاهُ عَسَى أَنْ يَنْفَعَنَا فَيَكْفِيَنَا بَعْضَ الْأَعْمَالِ أَوْ نَتَّخِذَهُ وَلَدًا، وَلَمَّا شَبَّ يُوسُفُ أَتَاهُ اللَّهُ الْعِلْمَ وَالْحِكْمَةَ قَبْلَ النُّبُوَّةِ وَكَانَ قَدْ رُزِقَ الْجِمَالَ وَالْعَقْلَ فَأُشْرِبَتِ امْرَأَةُ الْعَزِيزِ حُبَّهُ وَرَاوَدَتْهُ عَنْ نَفْسِهِ فَأَبَى عَلَيْهَا وَلَمَّا اشْتُهِرَ مَا كَانَ مِنْ أَمْرِهَا فِي مُرَاوَدَتِهِ وَتَأَبِّيهِ عَلَيْهَا، وَتَحَدَّثَتْ بِذَلِكَ النِّسَاءُ وَرَأَيْنَ مِنْهُ مَا لَا صَبْرَ لَهُنَّ عَلَيْهِ وَأَكْبَرْنَهُ وَقَطَّعْنَ أَيْدِيَهُنَّ، فَقَدْ رَأَوْا أَنْ يَحْبِسُوهُ، وَقَدْ كَانَ، وَدَخَلَ السِّجْنَ وَدَخَلَ مَعَهُ فَتَيَانِ، أَحَدُهُمَا صَاحِبُ طَعَامِ فِرْعَوْنَ مِصْرَ، وَالثَّانِي صَاحِبُ شَرَابِهِ، وَقَدْ قَصَّا عَلَى يُوسُفَ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ كُلٌّ مِنْهُمَا رُؤْيَا وَقَدْ فَسَّرَهَا لَهُمَا أَمَّا أَحَدُهُمَا فَكَانَ مُوجَبُ تَفْسِيرِ رُؤْيَتِهِ أَنَّهُ يَسْقِي الْفِرْعَوْنَ وَيَنْجُو مِنَ السِّجْنِ وَأَمَّا الْآخَرُ فَسَيُصْلَبُ، وَقَدْ قَالَ يُوسُفُ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ لِلَّذِي ظَنَّ أَنَّهُ نَاجٍ مِنْهُمَا اذْكُرْنِي عِنْدَ رَبِّكَ يَعْنِي سَيِّدَهُ عَسَى أَنْ يَخْرُجَ فَأَنْسَاهُ الشَّيْطَانُ فَلَبِثَ فِي السِّجْنِ بِضْعَ سِنِينَ حَتَّى كَانَ مَا كَانَ مِنْ رُؤْيَا فِرْعَوْنَ مِصْرَ الَّتِي أَفْزَعَتْهُ وَسَأَلَ عُلَمَاءَ مَمْلَكَتِهِ فَلَمْ يَقْدِرُوا عَلَى تَفْسِيرِهَا وَقَالُوا أَضْغَاثُ أَحْلَامٍ وَهُنَا تَذَكَّرَ الْفَتَى السَّاقِي الَّذِي نَجَا وَذَهَبَ إِلَى يُوسُفَ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ وَقَصَّ عَلَيْهِ رُؤْيَا الْمَلِكِ فَفَسَّرَهَا لَهُ أَحْسَنَ مَا يَكُونُ مِنْ تَفْسِيرٍ وَهُنَا قَالَ الْمَلِكُ ائْتُونِي بِهِ إِلَّا أَنَّ يُوسُفَ أَبَى أَنْ يَخْرُجَ حَتَّى تُعْلَمَ بَرَاءَتُهُ أَمَامَ الْخَلْقِ فَطَلَبَ أَنْ يَسْأَلَ الْمَلِكُ أَوَّلًا عَنْ شَأْنِ النِّسْوَةِ اللَّاتِي قَطَّعْنَ أَيْدِيَهُنَّ، فَلَمَّا سُئِلْنَّ قُلْنَ حَاشَا لِلَّهِ مَا عَلِمْنَا عَلَيْهِ مِنْ سُوءٍ وَهُنَا ظَهَرَ الْحَقُّ وَبَانَ وَاعْتَرَفَتِ امْرَأَةُ الْعَزِيزِ بِأَنَّهَا هِيَ الَّتِي رَاوَدَتْهُ عَنْ نَفْسِهِ وَقَدِ اسْتَعْصَمَ مِنْهَا. فَعِنْدَئِذٍ خَرَجَ يُوسُفُ مِنَ السَّجْنِ مُعَزَّزًا مُكَرَّمًا مُمَكَّنًا، فَقَالَ لِلْمَلِكِ اجْعَلْنِي عَلَى خَزَائِنِ الْأَرْضِ، وَكَانَ مَا أَرَادَ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ، وَقِيلَ: إِنَّ اللَّهَ جَمَعَ بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَ امْرَأَةِ الْعَزِيزِ فِي الْحَلَالِ بَعْدَمَا رَدَّهَا اللَّهُ تَعَالَى بِفَضْلِ دُعَائِهِ شَابَّةً، وَتَمُرُّ السُّنُونَ وَيَأْتِي إِلَيْهِ إِخْوَتُهُ يَطْلُبُونَ الْمِيرَةَ وَقَدْ عَرَفَهُمْ وَهُمْ لَمْ يَتَعَرَّفُوا عَلَيْهِ ثُمَّ يَكِيدُ لَهُمْ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ لِيَأْخُذَ أَخَاهُ مَعَهُ، وَضَمَّ أَخَاهُ بِالْحِيلَةِ الَّتِي جَاءَ ذِكْرُهَا مُفَصَّلًا فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ ثُمَّ مَا فَتِئَ أَنْ وَاجَهَهُ إِخْوَتُهُ بِمَا كَانَ مِنْهُمْ مِنْ فِعْلِهِمْ بِيُوسُفَ وَأَخِيهِ وَهُمْ جَاهِلُونَ وَهُنَا تَنَبَّهُوا إِلَيْهِ وَتَعَرَّفُوا عَلَيْهِ وَاجْتَمَعَ الشَّمْلُ وَظَهَرَ مَعْدِنُ النُّبُوَّةِ السَّمْحِ فَعَفَا وَلَمْ يُعَاتِبْ وَضَمَّ إِلَيْهِ إِخْوَتَهُ وَأَبِيهِ وَأُمَّهُ، وَرَدَّ اللَّهُ عَلَى أَبِيهِ بَصَرَهُ، وَخَرُّوا جَمِيعًا لَهُ سُجَّدًا وَقَدْ كَانَ هَذَا جَائِزًا فِي شَرِيعَتِهِمْ وَصَارَ تَأْوِيلُ رُؤْيَاهُ صِدْقًا.
Translation
✧ Summary of the story of Joseph son of Jacob (peace be upon them both): He is the Prophet of Allah, son of the most noble, Joseph b. Jacob b. Isaac b. Abraham (peace be upon them). His story came complete in a surah named after him ﷺ, and in it are many lessons. He was born to Jacob ﷺ from his mother Rachel, and his father handed him to his sister, who is the paternal aunt of Joseph ﷺ, to take care of him, then he asked her to return him because his heart was empty due to separation from him, but she refused. Since it was in their law that whoever stole would be handed over to the one stolen from to do with him as he wished, she almost took Joseph from him and accused him of stealing the belt of Isaac so that he would be delivered to her and remain with her. This is the theft which his brothers mentioned in the words of the Most High: "If he steals, a brother of his stole before" (Qur'an 12:77). When his paternal aunt died, he returned to his father (peace be upon them both). When his brothers found the intensity of their father's love for him, they wanted to kill him, then they turned away from that by casting him into the depths of the well so that some travelers on the road might pick him up when drawing water from it, and that is what happened. When they returned to their father, they lied to him, saying that a wolf had eaten Joseph while they were heedless. Jacob ﷺ grieved for him with a severe grief that took away his sight and he became blind. When Joseph ﷺ was taken, he was sold in Egypt for a few dirhams, and the one who bought him said to his wife, "Make his stay honorable; perhaps he will benefit us or we may adopt him as a son." When Joseph grew up, Allah gave him knowledge and wisdom before prophethood, and he had been granted beauty and intellect. The wife of the ʿAzīz became filled with love for him and sought to seduce him from himself, but he refused her. When the matter of her seeking to seduce him and his refusal became known, and the women talked about that and saw from him what they could not bear, they deemed him great and cut their hands. They saw fit to imprison him, and that is what happened. He entered prison, and with him entered two young men: one of them the baker of the Pharaoh of Egypt, and the second his cupbearer. Each of them related to Joseph ﷺ a dream, and he interpreted it for them. As for one of them, the consequence of the interpretation of his dream was that he would give the Pharaoh drink and be saved from prison; as for the other, he would be crucified. Joseph ﷺ said to the one he thought would be saved of the two, "Mention me in the presence of your master," meaning his lord, hoping that he might get out, but Satan made him forget, so he remained in prison for some years until what happened with the dream of the Pharaoh of Egypt, which terrified him. He asked the scholars of his kingdom, but they could not interpret it and said, "Jumbled dreams." Then the cupbearer youth who had been saved remembered and went to Joseph ﷺ and related to him the king's dream, and he interpreted it for him in the best possible interpretation. Then the king said, "Bring him to me," but Joseph refused to come out until his innocence was known before the people. He asked that the king first ask about the affair of the women who cut their hands. When they were asked, they said, "Allah forbid! We know no evil against him." Then the truth appeared and became clear, and the wife of the ʿAzīz confessed that she was the one who sought to seduce him from himself and that he had sought to remain chaste from her. At that point Joseph came out of prison honored, esteemed, and empowered. He said to the king, "Set me over the storehouses of the land." And what he wanted ﷺ came to pass. It is said that Allah joined him and the wife of the ʿAzīz in lawful marriage after Allah Most High restored her, by the bounty of his supplication, as a young woman. Years passed, and his brothers came to him seeking provisions. He recognized them, but they did not recognize him. Then he devised a plan against them ﷺ to take his brother with him, and he kept his brother with him by the stratagem whose mention came in detail in the Book of Allah. Then, he did not cease until his brothers confronted him with what they had done to Joseph and his brother while they were unaware. Then they became aware of him and recognized him, the family reunited, and the noble nature of prophethood appeared: he forgave and did not reproach, and gathered his brothers, father, and mother to himself. Allah restored sight to his father, and they all fell down before him prostrating. This was permissible in their law, and the interpretation of his dream came true.
Grades by grader
No grade is recorded for this wording.