Tarikh (al-Tabari) 1617
Mention of Year Nine and Its Designation as the Year of Delegations
إسْلَامُ بَنِي الْحَارِثِ بْنِ كَعْبٍ عَلَى يَدَيْ خَالِدِ بْنِ الْوَلِيدِ لَمَّا سَارَ إلَيْهِمْ [ دَعْوَةُ خَالِدٍ لِلنَّاسِ إِلَى الْإِسْلَامِ وَإِسْلَامُهُمْ ] قَالَ ابْنُ إسْحَاقَ: ثُمَّ بَعَثَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ خَالِدَ بْنَ الْوَلِيدِ، فِي شَهْرِ رَبِيعٍ الْآخِرِ أَوْ جُمَادَى الْأُولَى، سَنَةَ عَشْرٍ، إلَى بَنِي الْحَارِثِ بْنِ كَعْبٍ بِنَجْرَانَ وَأَمَرَهُ أَنْ يَدْعُوَهُمْ إلَى الْإِسْلَامِ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُقَاتِلَهُمْ ثَلَاثًا، فَإِنْ اسْتَجَابُوا فَاقْبَلْ مِنْهُمْ، وَإِنْ لَمْ يَفْعَلُوا فَقَاتِلِهِمْ. فَخَرَجَ خَالِدٌ حَتَّى قَدِمَ عَلَيْهِمْ، فَبَعَثَ الرُّكْبَانُ يَضْرِبُونَ فِي كُلِّ وَجْهٍ، وَيَدْعُونَ إلَى الْإِسْلَامِ، وَيَقُولُونَ: أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ، أَسْلِمُوا تُسْلَمُوا. فَأَسْلَمَ النَّاسُ، وَدَخَلُوا فِيمَا دُعُوا إلَيْهِ، فَأَقَامَ فِيهِمْ خَالِدٌ يُعَلِّمُهُمْ الْإِسْلَامَ وَكِتَابَ اللَّهِ وَسُنَّةَ نَبِيِّهِ ﷺ، وَبِذَلِكَ كَانَ أَمَرَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ إنْ هُمْ أَسْلَمُوا وَلَمْ يُقَاتِلُوا. [ كِتَابُ خَالِدٍ إلَى الرَّسُولِ يَسْأَلُهُ رَأْيَهُ فِي الْبَقَاءِ أَوْ الْمَجِيءِ ] ثُمَّ كَتَبَ خَالِدُ بْنُ الْوَلِيدِ إلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، مِنْ خَالِدِ بْنِ الْوَلِيدِ، السَّلَامُ عَلَيْكَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ وَرَحْمَةُ اللَّهِ وَبَرَكَاتُهُ، فَإِنِّي أَحْمَدُ إلَيْكَ اللَّهَ الَّذِي لَا إلَهَ إلَّا هُوَ، أَمَّا بَعْدُ، يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْكَ، فَإِنَّكَ بَعَثْتنِي إلَى بَنِي الْحَارِثِ بْنِ كَعْبٍ، وَأَمَرْتنِي إذَا أَتَيْتهمْ أَلَّا أُقَاتِلَهُمْ ثَلَاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ، وَأَنْ أَدْعُوَهُمْ إلَى الْإِسْلَامِ، فَإِنْ أَسْلَمُوا أَقَمْتُ فِيهِمْ، وَقَبِلْتُ مِنْهُمْ، وَعَلَّمْتهمْ مَعَالِمَ الْإِسْلَامِ وَكِتَابَ اللَّهِ وَسُنَّةَ نَبِيِّهِ، وَإِنْ لَمْ يُسْلِمُوا قَاتَلْتهمْ. وَإِنِّي قَدِمْتُ عَلَيْهِمْ فَدَعَوْتهمْ إلَى الْإِسْلَامِ ثَلَاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ، كَمَا أَمَرَنِي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَبَعَثْتُ فِيهِمْ رُكْبَانًا، قَالُوا: يَا بَنِي الْحَارِثِ، أَسَلِمُوا تُسْلَمُوا، فَأَسْلَمُوا وَلَمْ يُقَاتِلُوا، وَأَنَا مُقِيمٌ بَيْنَ أَظْهُرِهِمْ، آمُرُهُمْ بِمَا أَمَرَهُمْ اللَّهُ بِهِ وَأَنْهَاهُمْ عَمَّا نَهَاهُمْ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ، وَأُعَلِّمُهُمْ مَعَالِمَ الْإِسْلَامِ وَسُنَّةَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ حَتَّى يَكْتُبَ إلَيَّ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَالسَّلَامُ عَلَيْكَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ وَرَحْمَةُ اللَّهِ وَبَرَكَاتُهُ. [ كِتَابُ الرَّسُولِ إلَى خَالِدٍ يَأْمُرُهُ بِالْمَجِيءِ ] فَكَتَبَ إلَيْهِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ: بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ: مِنْ مُحَمَّدٍ النَّبِيِّ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ إلَى خَالِدِ بْنِ الْوَلِيدِ. سَلَامٌ عَلَيْكَ، فَإِنِّي أَحْمَدُ إلَيْكَ اللَّهَ الَّذِي لَا إلَهَ إلَّا هُوَ. أَمَّا بَعْدُ، فَإِنَّ كِتَابَكَ جَاءَنِي مَعَ رَسُولِكَ تُخْبِرُ أَنَّ بَنِي الْحَارِثِ بْنِ كَعْبٍ قَدْ أَسْلَمُوا قَبْلَ أَنْ تُقَاتِلَهُمْ، وَأَجَابُوا إلَى مَا دَعَوْتهمْ إلَيْهِ مِنْ الْإِسْلَامِ، وَشَهِدُوا أَنْ لَا إلَهَ إلَّا اللَّهُ، وَأَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ وَرَسُولُهُ، وَأَنْ قَدْ هَدَاهُمْ اللَّهُ بِهُدَاهُ، فَبَشِّرْهُمْ وَأَنْذِرْهُمْ، وَأَقْبِلْ وَلْيُقْبِلْ مَعَكَ وَفْدُهُمْ، وَالسَّلَامُ عَلَيْكَ وَرَحْمَةُ اللَّهِ وَبَرَكَاتُهُ. [ قُدُومُ خَالِدٍ مَعَ وَفْدِهِمْ عَلَى الرَّسُولِ ] فَأَقْبَلَ خَالِدٌ إلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَأَقْبَلَ مَعَهُ وَفْدُ بَنِي الْحَارِثِ بْنِ كَعْبٍ، مِنْهُمْ قَيْسُ بْنُ الْحُصَيْنِ ذِي الْغُصَّةِ، وَيَزِيدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْمَدَانِ، وَيَزِيدُ بْنُ الْمُحَجَّلِ، وَعَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ قُرَادٍ الزِّيَادِيُّ؛ وَشَدَّادُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْقَنَانِيُّ، وَعَمْرُو بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الضَّبَابِيُّ. [ حَدِيثُ وَفْدِهِمْ مَعَ الرَّسُولِ ] فَلَمَّا قَدِمُوا عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَرَآهُمْ، قَالَ: مَنْ هَؤُلَاءِ الْقَوْمُ الَّذِينَ كَأَنَّهُمْ رِجَالُ الْهِنْدِ، قِيلَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، هَؤُلَاءِ رِجَالُ بَنِي الْحَارِثِ بْنِ كَعْبٍ؛ فَلَمَّا وَقَفُوا عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ سَلَّمُوا عَلَيْهِ، وَقَالُوا: نَشْهَدُ أَنَّكَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ، وَأَنَّهُ لَا إلَهَ إلَّا اللَّهُ؛ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: وَأَنَا أَشْهَدُ أَنَّ لَا إلَهَ إلَّا اللَّهُ وَأَنِّي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ، ثُمَّ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: أَنْتُمْ الَّذِينَ إذَا زُجِرُوا اُسْتُقْدِمُوا، فَسَكَتُوا، فَلَمْ يُرَاجِعْهُ مِنْهُمْ أَحَدٌ، ثُمَّ أَعَادَهَا الثَّانِيَةَ، فَلَمْ يُرَاجِعْهُ مِنْهُمْ أَحَدٌ، ثُمَّ أَعَادَهَا الثَّالِثَةَ، فَلَمْ يُرَاجِعْهُ مِنْهُمْ أَحَدٌ، ثُمَّ أَعَادَهَا الرَّابِعَةَ، فَقَالَ يَزِيدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْمَدَانِ: نَعَمْ، يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، نَحْنُ الَّذِينَ إذَا زُجِرُوا اُسْتُقْدِمُوا، قَالَهَا أَرْبَعَ مِرَارٍ؛ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: لَوْ أَنَّ خَالِدًا لَمْ يَكْتُبْ إلَيَّ أَنَّكُمْ أَسْلَمْتُمْ وَلَمْ تُقَاتِلُوا، لَأَلْقَيْتُ رُءُوسَكُمْ تَحْتَ أَقْدَامِكُمْ؛ فَقَالَ يَزِيدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْمَدَانِ: أَمَا وَاَللَّهِ مَا حَمِدْنَاكَ وَلَا حَمِدْنَا خَالِدًا، قَالَ: فَمَنْ حَمِدْتُمْ ؟ قَالُوا: حَمِدْنَا اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ الَّذِي هَدَانَا بِكَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ؛ قَالَ: صَدَقْتُمْ. ثُمَّ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: بِمَ كُنْتُمْ تَغْلِبُونَ مَنْ قَاتَلَكُمْ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ ؟ قَالُوا: لَمْ نَكُنْ نَغْلِبُ أَحَدًا؛ قَالَ: بَلَى، قَدْ كُنْتُمْ تَغْلِبُونَ مَنْ قَاتَلَكُمْ؛ قَالُوا: كُنَّا نَغْلِبُ مَنْ قَاتَلَنَا يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إنَّا كُنَّا نَجْتَمِعُ وَلَا نَفْتَرِقُ، وَلَا نَبْدَأُ أَحَدًا بِظُلْمِ، قَالَ: صَدَقْتُمْ وَأَمَّرَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَلَى بَنِي الْحَارِثِ بْنِ كَعْبٍ قَيْسَ بْنَ الْحُصَيْنِ. فَرَجَعَ وَفْدُ بَنِي الْحَارِثِ إلَى قَوْمِهِمْ فِي بَقِيَّةٍ مِنْ شَوَّالٍ، أَوْ فِي صَدْرِ ذِي الْقَعَدَةِ، فَلَمْ يَمْكُثُوا بَعْدَ أَنْ رَجَعُوا إلَى قَوْمِهِمْ إلَّا أَرْبَعَةَ أَشْهُرٍ، حَتَّى تُوُفِّيَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَرَحِمَ وَبَارَكَ، وَرَضِيَ وَأَنْعَمَ. [ بَعْثُ الرَّسُولِ عَمْرَو بْنَ حَزْمٍ بِعَهْدِهِ إِلَيْهِمْ ] وَقَدْ كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بَعَثَ إلَيْهِمْ بَعْدَ أَنْ وَلَّى وَفْدُهُمْ عَمْرَو بْنَ حَزْمٍ، لِيُفَقِّهَهُمْ فِي الدِّينِ، وَيُعَلِّمَهُمْ السُّنَّةَ وَمَعَالِمَ الْإِسْلَامِ، وَيَأْخُذُ مِنْهُمْ صَدَقَاتِهِمْ وَكَتَبَ لَهُ كِتَابًا عَهِدَ إلَيْهِ فِيهِ عَهْدَهُ، وَأَمَرَهُ فِيهِ بِأَمْرِهِ: بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ: هَذَا بَيَانٌ مِنْ اللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ، يَأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا أَوْفُوا بِالْعُقُودِ، عَهْدٌ مِنْ مُحَمَّدٍ النَّبِيِّ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ لِعَمْرِو بْنِ حَزْمٍ، حِينَ بَعَثَهُ إلَى الْيَمَنِ، أَمَرَهُ بِتَقْوَى اللَّهِ فِي أَمْرِهِ كُلِّهِ، فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ مَعَ الَّذِينَ اتَّقَوْا وَاَلَّذِينَ هُمْ مُحْسِنُونَ، وَأَمَرَهُ أَنْ يَأْخُذَ بِالْحَقِّ كَمَا أَمَرَهُ اللَّهُ، وَأَنْ يُبَشِّرَ النَّاسَ بِالْخَيْرِ، وَيَأْمُرَهُمْ بِهِ، وَيُعَلِّمَ النَّاسَ الْقُرْآنَ، وَيُفَقِّهَهُمْ فِيهِ، وَيَنْهَى النَّاسَ، فَلَا يَمَسُّ الْقُرْآنَ إنْسَانٌ إلَّا وَهُوَ طَاهِرٌ، وَيُخْبِرَ النَّاسَ بِاَلَّذِي لَهُمْ، وَاَلَّذِي عَلَيْهِمْ، وَيَلِينَ لِلنَّاسِ فِي الْحَقِّ، وَيَشْتَدَّ عَلَيْهِمْ فِي الظُّلْمِ، فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ كَرِهَ الظُّلْمَ، وَنَهَى عَنْهُ، فَقَالَ: أَلَا لَعْنَةُ اللَّهِ عَلَى الظَّالِمِينَ وَيُبَشِّرَ النَّاسَ بِالْجَنَّةِ وَبِعَمَلِهَا، وَيُنْذِرَ النَّاسَ النَّارَ وَعَمَلَهَا، وَيَسْتَأْلِفَ النَّاسَ حَتَّى يُفَقَّهُوا فِي الدِّينِ، وَيُعَلِّمَ النَّاسَ مَعَالِمَ الْحَجِّ وَسُنَّتَهُ وَفَرِيضَتَهُ، وَمَا أَمَرَ اللَّهُ بِهِ، وَالْحَجَّ الْأَكْبَرَ: الْحَجَّ الْأَكْبَرَ، وَالْحَجَّ الْأَصْغَرَ: هُوَ الْعُمْرَةُ. وَيَنْهَى النَّاسَ أَنْ يُصَلِّيَ أَحَدٌ فِي ثَوْبٍ وَاحِدٍ صَغِيرٍ، إلَّا أَنْ يَكُونَ ثَوْبًا يُثْنِي طَرَفَيْهِ عَلَى عَاتِقِيهِ؛ وَيَنْهَى النَّاسَ أَنْ يَحْتَبِيَ أَحَدٌ فِي ثَوْبٍ وَاحِدٍ يُفْضِي بِفَرْجِهِ إلَى السَّمَاءِ، وَيَنْهَى أَنْ يُعَقِّصَ أَحَدٌ شَعَرَ رَأْسِهِ فِي قَفَاهُ، وَيَنْهَى إذَا كَانَ بَيْنَ النَّاسِ هَيْجٌ عَنْ الدُّعَاءِ إلَى الْقَبَائِلِ وَالْعَشَائِرِ، وَلْيَكُنْ دَعَوَاهُمْ إلَى اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ وَحْدَهُ لَا شَرِيكَ لَهُ، فَمَنْ لَمْ يَدْعُ إلَى اللَّهِ، وَدَعَا إلَى الْقَبَائِلِ وَالْعَشَائِرِ فَلْيُقْطَفُوا بِالسَّيْفِ، حَتَّى تَكُونَ دَعْوَاهُمْ إلَى اللَّهِ وَحْدَهُ لَا شَرِيكَ لَهُ، وَيَأْمُرُ النَّاسَ بِإِسْبَاغِ الْوُضُوءِ وُجُوهَهُمْ وَأَيْدِيَهُمْ إلَى الْمَرَافِقِ وَأَرْجُلَهُمْ إلَى الْكَعْبَيْنِ وَيَمْسَحُونَ بِرُءُوسِهِمْ كَمَا أَمَرَهُمْ اللَّهُ، وَأَمَرَ بِالصَّلَاةِ لِوَقْتِهَا، وَإِتْمَامِ الرُّكُوعِ وَالسُّجُودِ وَالْخُشُوعِ، وَيُغَلِّسُ بِالصُّبْحِ، وَيُهَجِّرُ بِالْهَاجِرَةِ حِينَ تَمِيلُ الشَّمْسُ، وَصَلَاةُ الْعَصْرِ وَالشَّمْسُ فِي الْأَرْضِ مُدْبِرَةٌ، وَالْمَغْرِبُ حِينَ يَقْبَلُ اللَّيْلُ، لَا يُؤَخَّرُ حَتَّى تَبْدُوَ النُّجُومُ فِي السَّمَاءِ، وَالْعِشَاءُ أَوَّلُ اللَّيْلِ؛ وَأَمَرَ بِالسَّعْيِ إلَى الْجُمُعَةِ إذَا نُودِيَ لَهَا، وَالْغُسْلِ عِنْدَ الرَّوَاحِ إلَيْهَا؛ وَأَمَرَهُ أَنْ يَأْخُذَ مِنْ الْمَغَانِمِ خُمُسَ اللَّهِ؛ وَمَا كُتِبَ عَلَى الْمُؤْمِنِينَ فِي الصَّدَقَةِ مِنْ الْعَقَارِ عُشْرَ مَا سَقَتْ الْعَيْنُ وَسَقَتْ السَّمَاءُ، وَعَلَى مَا سَقَى الْغَرْبُ نِصْفَ الْعُشْرِ؛ وَفِي كُلِّ عَشْرٍ مِنْ الْإِبِلِ شَاتَانِ، وَفِي كُلِّ عِشْرِينَ أَرْبَعُ شِيَاهٍ، وَفِي كُلِّ أَرْبَعِينَ مِنْ الْبَقَرِ بَقَرَةٌ، وَفِي كُلِّ ثَلَاثِينَ مِنْ الْبَقَرِ تَبِيعٌ، جَذَعٌ أَوْ جَذَعَةٌ، وَفِي كُلِّ أَرْبَعِينَ مِنْ الْغَنَمِ سَائِمَةٌ وَحْدَهَا، شَاةٌ، فَإِنَّهَا فَرِيضَةُ اللَّهِ الَّتِي افْتَرَضَ عَلَى الْمُؤْمِنِينَ فِي الصَّدَقَةِ، فَمَنْ زَادَ خَيْرًا فَهُوَ خَيْرٌ لَهُ؛ وَأَنَّهُ مَنْ أَسْلَمَ مِنْ يَهُودِيٍّ أَوْ نَصْرَانِيٍّ إسْلَامًا خَالِصًا مِنْ نَفْسِهِ، وَدَانَ بِدِينِ الْإِسْلَامِ، فَإِنَّهُ مِنْ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، لَهُ مِثْلُ مَا لَهُمْ، وَعَلَيْهِ مِثْلُ مَا عَلَيْهِمْ، وَمَنْ كَانَ عَلَى نَصْرَانِيَّتِهِ أَوْ يَهُودِيَّتِهِ فَإِنَّهُ لَا يُرَدُّ عَنْهَا، وَعَلَى كُلِّ حَالِمٍ: ذَكَرٍ أَوْ أُنْثَى، حُرٍّ أَوْ عَبْدٍ، دِينَارٌ وَافٍ أَوْ عِوَضُهُ ثِيَابًا. فَمَنْ أَدَّى ذَلِكَ، فَإِنَّ لَهُ ذِمَّةَ اللَّهِ وَذِمَّةَ رَسُولِهِ، وَمَنْ مَنَعَ ذَلِكَ، فَإِنَّهُ عَدُوٌّ لِلَّهِ وَلِرَسُولِهِ وَلِلْمُؤْمِنِينَ جَمِيعًا؛ صَلَوَاتُ اللَّهِ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ، وَالسَّلَامُ عَلَيْهِ وَرَحْمَةُ اللَّهِ وَبَرَكَاتُهُ. [قَالَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ فِي الطَّبَقَاتِ: وَكَتَبَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ لِعَمْرِو بْنِ حَزْمٍ حِينَ بَعَثَهُ إِلَى الْيَمَنِ عَهْدًا يُعَلِّمُهُ فِيهِ شَرَائِعَ الْإِسْلَامِ وَفَرَائِضَهُ وَحُدُودَهُ، وَكَتَبَ أُبَيٌّ. قَالَ ابْنُ عَبْدِ الْبَرِّ: عَمْرُو بْنُ حَزْمِ بْنِ زَيْدِ بْنِ لَوْذَانَ الْخَزْرَجِيُّ مِنْ بَنِي مَالِكِ بْنِ النَّجَّارِ، وَذَكَرَ فِي نَسَبِهِ خِلَافًا. يُكْنَى أَبَا الضَّحَّاكِ، وَلَمْ يَشْهَدْ بَدْرًا، وَأَوَّلُ مَشَاهِدِهِ الْخَنْدَقُ. وَاسْتَعْمَلَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَلَى نَجْرَانَ، وَهُمْ بَلْحَارِثُ بْنُ كَعْبٍ، وَهُوَ ابْنُ سَبْعَ عَشْرَةَ سَنَةٍ، لِيُفَقِّهَهُمْ فِي الدِّينِ وَيُعَلِّمَهُمُ الْقُرْآنَ وَيَأْخُذَ صَدَقَاتِهِمْ، وَذَلِكَ سَنَةَ عَشْرٍ بَعْدَ أَنْ بَعَثَ إِلَيْهِمْ خَالِدَ بْنَ الْوَلِيدِ فَأَسْلَمُوا، وَكَتَبَ لَهُ كِتَابًا فِيهِ الْفَرَائِضُ وَالسُّنَنُ وَالصَّدَقَاتُ وَالدِّيَاتُ. وَمَاتَ بِالْمَدِينَةِ سَنَةَ إِحْدَى وَخَمْسِينَ، وَقِيلَ: إِنَّ عَمْرَو بْنَ حَزْمٍ تُوُفِّيَ فِي خِلَافَةِ عُمَرَ ؓ وَفِي ذَلِكَ خِلَافٌ ذَكَرَهُ ابْنُ عَبْدِ الْبَرِّ، وَقَالَ: رَوَى عَنْهُ ابْنُهُ مُحَمَّدٌ وَالنَّضْرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ السَّلَمِيُّ وَزِيَادُ بْنُ نُعَيْمٍ الْحَضْرَمِيُّ ].
Translation
✧ The Islam of Banū al-Ḥārith b. Kaʿb at the hands of Khālid b. al-Walīd when he marched to them [Khālid’s call to the people to Islam and their acceptance] Ibn Isḥāq said: Then the Messenger of God ﷺ sent Khālid b. al-Walīd, in the month of Rabīʿ al-Ākhir or Jumādā al-Ūlā, in the year ten, to Banū al-Ḥārith b. Kaʿb in Najrān, and commanded him to call them to Islam before fighting them for three days; if they responded, then he was to accept from them, and if they did not, then he was to fight them. Khālid went out until he came to them, and sent riders striking out in every direction, calling to Islam and saying: “O people, become Muslims and you will be safe.” The people became Muslims and entered into what they were called to. Khālid stayed among them teaching them Islam, the Book of God, and the Sunnah of His Prophet ﷺ, as the Messenger of God ﷺ had commanded him if they accepted Islam and did not fight. [Khālid’s letter to the Messenger asking his opinion on staying or coming] Then Khālid b. al-Walīd wrote to the Messenger of God ﷺ: From Khālid b. al-Walīd. Peace be upon you, O Messenger of God, and the mercy of God and His blessings. I praise God to you, the One besides whom there is no god. To proceed: O Messenger of God, may God bless you, you sent me to Banū al-Ḥārith b. Kaʿb and commanded me, when I came to them, not to fight them for three days and to call them to Islam; if they became Muslims, I was to stay among them, accept from them, and teach them the landmarks of Islam, the Book of God, and the Sunnah of His Prophet; and if they did not become Muslims, I was to fight them. I came to them and called them to Islam for three days, as the Messenger of God ﷺ commanded me, and I sent riders among them saying: “O Banū al-Ḥārith, become Muslims and you will be safe.” They became Muslims and did not fight. I am staying in their midst, commanding them with what God has commanded them and forbidding them from what God has forbidden them, teaching them the landmarks of Islam and the Sunnah of the Prophet ﷺ until the Messenger of God ﷺ writes to me. Peace be upon you, O Messenger of God, and the mercy of God and His blessings. [The Messenger’s letter to Khālid commanding him to come] The Messenger of God ﷺ wrote to him: In the name of God, the Merciful, the Compassionate. From Muḥammad the Prophet, the Messenger of God, to Khālid b. al-Walīd. Peace be upon you. I praise God to you, the One besides whom there is no god. To proceed: Your letter came to me with your messenger, informing me that Banū al-Ḥārith b. Kaʿb had become Muslims before you fought them, and that they responded to what you called them to of Islam, and bore witness that there is no god but God and that Muḥammad is the servant of God and His Messenger, and that God has guided them by His guidance. So give them good tidings and warn them, and come, and let their delegation come with you. Peace be upon you and the mercy of God and His blessings. [Khālid’s arrival with their delegation to the Messenger] Khālid came to the Messenger of God ﷺ, and with him came the delegation of Banū al-Ḥārith b. Kaʿb, among them Qays b. al-Ḥuṣayn Dhū l-Ghuṣṣa, Yazīd b. ʿAbd al-Madān, Yazīd b. al-Muḥajjal, ʿAbd Allāh b. Qurād al-Ziyādī, Shaddād b. ʿAbd Allāh al-Qanānī, and ʿAmr b. ʿAbd Allāh al-Ḍabābī. [The account of their delegation with the Messenger] When they came to the Messenger of God ﷺ and he saw them, he said: “Who are these people who look like the men of India?” It was said: “O Messenger of God, these are the men of Banū al-Ḥārith b. Kaʿb.” When they stood before the Messenger of God ﷺ, they greeted him and said: “We bear witness that you are the Messenger of God and that there is no god but God.” The Messenger of God ﷺ said: “And I bear witness that there is no god but God and that I am the Messenger of God.” Then the Messenger of God ﷺ said: “Are you the ones who, when they are driven back, advance?” They fell silent, and none of them answered him. He repeated it a second time, and none of them answered him. He repeated it a third time, and none of them answered him. He repeated it a fourth time, and Yazīd b. ʿAbd al-Madān said: “Yes, O Messenger of God, we are the ones who, when we are driven back, we advance.” He said it four times. The Messenger of God ﷺ said: “Had Khālid not written to me that you had become Muslims and did not fight, I would have cast your heads beneath your feet.” Yazīd b. ʿAbd al-Madān said: “By God, we did not praise you, nor did we praise Khālid.” He said: “Whom did you praise?” They said: “We praised God, Mighty and Majestic, who guided us through you, O Messenger of God.” He said: “You have spoken the truth.” Then the Messenger of God ﷺ said: “How did you defeat those who fought you in the Jāhiliyyah?” They said: “We did not defeat anyone.” He said: “Indeed, you used to defeat those who fought you.” They said: “We used to defeat those who fought us, O Messenger of God, because we would unite and not separate, and we would not begin anyone with wrongdoing.” He said: “You have spoken the truth.” The Messenger of God ﷺ appointed Qays b. al-Ḥuṣayn as commander over Banū al-Ḥārith b. Kaʿb. The delegation of Banū al-Ḥārith returned to their people in the remainder of Shawwāl or the beginning of Dhū l-Qaʿdah, and they stayed only four months after returning to their people before the Messenger of God ﷺ died, may God have mercy and bless him, and be pleased and bestow favor. [The Messenger’s sending of ʿAmr b. Ḥazm with his covenant to them] After their delegation departed, the Messenger of God ﷺ sent ʿAmr b. Ḥazm to them, to teach them understanding in religion, instruct them in the Sunnah and the landmarks of Islam, and take their alms from them. He wrote for him a document in which he made his covenant to him and commanded him with his command: In the name of God, the Merciful, the Compassionate. This is a statement from God and His Messenger. “O you who believe, fulfill the contracts.” A covenant from Muḥammad the Prophet, the Messenger of God, to ʿAmr b. Ḥazm, when he sent him to Yemen. He commanded him to fear God in all his affairs, for God is with those who fear Him and those who are doers of good. He commanded him to take the truth as God commanded him, to give people good tidings of good and command them to it, to teach people the Qurʾān and give them understanding in it, and to forbid people, so that no one touches the Qurʾān unless he is pure. He is to inform people of what is for them and what is against them, to be gentle with people in the truth and severe with them in wrongdoing, for God hates wrongdoing and forbade it, saying: “Indeed, the curse of God is upon the wrongdoers.” He is to give people good tidings of Paradise and its deeds, warn people of the Fire and its deeds, and win people over until they gain understanding in religion. He is to teach people the landmarks of the ḥajj, its Sunnah, its obligation, and what God has commanded. The greater ḥajj is the ḥajj; the lesser ḥajj is the ʿumrah. He is to forbid people from praying in a single small garment unless it is a garment whose two ends are thrown over his shoulders. He is to forbid anyone from wrapping himself in a single garment with his private parts exposed to the sky. He is to forbid anyone from tying up the hair of his head at the nape of his neck. He is to forbid, when there is conflict among people, calling to tribes and clans; let their call be to God, Mighty and Majestic, alone with no partner. Whoever does not call to God but calls to tribes and clans, let them be cut down with the sword, until their call is to God alone with no partner. He is to command people to complete the ablution, washing their faces and their hands to the elbows and their feet to the ankles, and wiping their heads as God commanded them. He commanded prayer at its proper time, completing the bowing, prostration, and humility. He is to pray the dawn prayer in the dark, the noon prayer when the sun declines, the afternoon prayer while the sun is in the earth turning away, the sunset prayer when night comes on, not delaying it until the stars appear in the sky, and the evening prayer at the beginning of the night. He commanded hastening to the Friday prayer when the call is made for it, and washing when going to it. He commanded him to take from the spoils the fifth of God, and what is written for the believers in alms from landed property: a tenth of what the spring waters and the sky waters, and on what is watered by the bucket, half of a tenth. For every ten camels, two sheep; for every twenty, four sheep; for every forty cattle, one cow; for every thirty cattle, a yearling, male or female; for every forty sheep, pasturing alone, one sheep. This is God’s obligation which He imposed on the believers in alms. Whoever adds good, it is better for him. Whoever becomes Muslim from a Jew or a Christian, a sincere Islam from himself, and follows the religion of Islam, he is of the believers, with the same as theirs and upon him the same as upon them. Whoever remains upon his Christianity or Judaism is not turned away from it. Upon every adult, male or female, free or slave, is a full dinar or its equivalent in garments. Whoever pays that has the protection of God and the protection of His Messenger, and whoever refuses that is an enemy of God, of His Messenger, and of all the believers. May God’s blessings be upon Muḥammad, and ﷺ, and the mercy of God and His blessings. [Muḥammad b. Saʿd said in al-Ṭabaqāt: The Messenger of God ﷺ wrote for ʿAmr b. Ḥazm, when he sent him to Yemen, a covenant in which he taught him the laws of Islam, its obligations, and its limits. Ubayy wrote it. Ibn ʿAbd al-Barr said: ʿAmr b. Ḥazm b. Zayd b. Lawdhān al-Khazrajī, from Banū Mālik b. al-Najjār, and he mentioned disagreement concerning his lineage. His kunya is Abū l-Ḍaḥḥāk. He did not witness Badr, and his first expedition was the Trench. The Messenger of God ﷺ appointed him over Najrān, who are Balḥārith b. Kaʿb, when he was seventeen years old, to teach them understanding in religion, teach them the Qurʾān, and take their alms. That was in the year ten, after he sent Khālid b. al-Walīd to them and they became Muslims. He wrote for him a document containing the obligations, the Sunnahs, the alms, and the blood money. He died in Madinah in the year fifty-one. It is said that ʿAmr b. Ḥazm died during the caliphate of ʿUmar ؓ, and concerning that there is disagreement mentioned by Ibn ʿAbd al-Barr. He said: His son Muḥammad, al-Naḍr b. ʿAbd Allāh al-Sulamī, and Ziyād b. Nuʿaym al-Ḥaḍramī narrated from him.]
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