Dalil
العربية

Tarikh (al-Tabari) 161

Chapter mentioning the offspring of Abraham (peace and blessings be upon him)

إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَأَوْلَادِهِ  وَذَكَرَ أَهْلُ الْكِتَابِ أَنَّ إِسْحَاقَ لَمَّا تَزَوَّجَ رِفْقَا بِنْتَ ثَبْوَائِيلَ فِي حَيَاةِ أَبِيهِ كَانَ عُمُرُهُ أَرْبَعِينَ سَنَةً، وَأَنَّهَا كَانَتْ عَاقِرًا فَدَعَا اللَّهَ لَهَا فَحَمَلَتْ فَوَلَدَتْ غُلَامَيْنِ تَوْءَمَيْنِ أَوَّلُهُمَا سَمَّوْهُ عِيصُو، وَهُوَ الَّذِي تُسَمِّيهِ الْعَرَبُ الْعِيصَ. وَهُوَ وَالِدُ الرُّومِ، وَالثَّانِي خَرَجَ وَهُوَ آخِذٌ بِعَقِبِ أَخِيهِ فَسَمَّوْهُ يَعْقُوبَ، وَهُوَ إِسْرَائِيلُ الَّذِي يَنْتَسِبُ إِلَيْهِ بَنُو إِسْرَائِيلَ قَالُوا: وَكَانَ إِسْحَاقُ يُحِبُّ الْعِيصَ أَكْثَرَ مِنْ يَعْقُوبَ لِأَنَّهُ بِكْرُهُ، وَكَانَتْ أُمُّهُمَا رِفْقَا تُحِبُّ يَعْقُوبَ أَكْثَرَ لِأَنَّهُ الْأَصْغَرُ. قَالُوا: فَلَمَّا كَبِرَ إِسْحَاقُ، وَضَعُفَ بَصَرُهُ اشْتَهَى عَلَى ابْنِهِ الْعِيصِ طَعَامًا، وَأَمَرَهُ أَنْ يَذْهَبَ فَيَصْطَادَ لَهُ صَيْدًا، وَيَطْبُخَهُ لَهُ لِيُبَارِكَ عَلَيْهِ وَيَدْعُوَ لَهُ، وَكَانَ الْعِيصُ صَاحِبَ صَيْدٍ فَذَهَبَ يَبْتَغِي ذَلِكَ فَأَمَرَتْ رِفْقَا ابْنَهَا يَعْقُوبَ أَنْ يَذْبَحَ جَدْيَيْنِ مِنْ خِيَارِ غَنَمِهِ، وَيَصْنَعَ مِنْهُمَا طَعَامًا، كَمَا اشْتَهَاهُ أَبُوهُ، وَيَأْتِيَ إِلَيْهِ بِهِ قَبْلَ أَخِيهِ لِيَدْعُوَ لَهُ وَقَامَتْ فَأَلْبَسَتْهُ ثِيَابَ أَخِيهِ، وَجَعَلَتْ عَلَى ذِرَاعَيْهِ وَعُنُقِهِ مِنْ جِلْدِ الْجَدْيَيْنِ؛ لِأَنَّ الْعِيصَ كَانَ أَشْعَرَ الْجَسَدِ وَيَعْقُوبَ لَيْسَ كَذَلِكَ، فَلَمَّا جَاءَهُ بِهِ وَقَرَّبَهُ إِلَيْهِ قَالَ: مَنْ أَنْتَ ؟ قَالَ: وَلَدُكَ. فَضَمَّهُ إِلَيْهِ وَجَسَّهُ، وَجَعَلَ يَقُولُ: أَمَّا الصَّوْتُ فَصَوْتُ يَعْقُوبَ، وَأَمَّا الْجَسُّ وَالثِّيَابُ فَالْعِيصُ، فَلَمَّا أَكَلَ وَفَرَغَ دَعَا لَهُ أَنْ يَكُونَ أَكْبَرَ إِخْوَتِهِ قَدْرًا، وَكَلِمَتُهُ عَلَيْهِمْ، وَعَلَى الشُّعُوبِ بَعْدَهُ، وَأَنْ يَكْثُرَ رِزْقُهُ وَوَلَدُهُ. فَلَمَّا خَرَجَ مِنْ عِنْدِهِ جَاءَ أَخُوهُ الْعِيصُ بِمَا أَمَرَهُ بِهِ وَالِدُهُ يُقَرِّبُهُ إِلَيْهِ، فَقَالَ لَهُ: مَا هَذَا يَا بُنَيَّ ؟ قَالَ: هَذَا الطَّعَامُ الَّذِي اشْتَهَيْتَهُ. فَقَالَ: أَمَا جِئْتَنِي بِهِ قَبْلَ السَّاعَةِ وَأَكَلْتُ مِنْهُ وَدَعَوْتُ لَكَ. فَقَالَ: لَا وَاللَّهِ. وَعَرَفَ أَنَّ أَخَاهُ قَدْ سَبَقَهُ إِلَى ذَلِكَ فَوَجَدَ فِي نَفْسِهِ عَلَيْهِ وَجْدًا كَثِيرًا. وَذَكَرُوا أَنَّهُ تَوَاعَدَهُ بِالْقَتْلِ إِذَا مَاتَ أَبُوهُمَا، وَسَأَلَ أَبَاهُ فَدَعَا لَهُ بِدَعْوَةٍ أُخْرَى، وَأَنْ يَجْعَلَ لِذُرِّيَّتِهِ غَلِيظَ الْأَرْضِ، وَأَنْ يُكْثِرَ أَرْزَاقَهُمْ وَثِمَارَهُمْ، فَلَمَّا سَمِعَتْ أُمُّهُمَا مَا يَتَوَاعَدُ بِهِ الْعِيصُ أَخَاهُ يَعْقُوبَ أَمَرَتِ ابْنَهَا يَعْقُوبَ أَنْ يَذْهَبَ إِلَى أَخِيهَا لَابَانَ الَّذِي بِأَرْضِ حَرَّانَ، وَأَنْ يَكُونَ عِنْدَهُ إِلَى حِينِ يَسْكُنُ غَضَبُ أَخِيهِ عَلَيْهِ، وَأَنْ يَتَزَوَّجَ مِنْ بَنَاتِهِ، وَقَالَتْ لِزَوْجِهَا إِسْحَاقَ أَنْ يَأْمُرَهُ بِذَلِكَ وَيُوصِيَهُ وَيَدْعُوَ لَهُ فَفَعَلَ فَخَرَجَ يَعْقُوبُ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ مِنْ عِنْدِهِمْ آخِرَ ذَلِكَ الْيَوْمِ فَأَدْرَكَهُ الْمَسَاءُ فِي مَوْضِعٍ فَنَامَ فِيهِ أَخَذَ حَجَرًا فَوَضَعَهُ تَحْتَ رَأْسِهِ وَنَامَ فَرَأَى فِي نَوْمِهِ ذَلِكَ مِعْرَاجًا مَنْصُوبًا مِنَ السَّمَاءِ إِلَى الْأَرْضِ، وَإِذَا الْمَلَائِكَةُ يَصْعَدُونَ فِيهِ وَيَنْزِلُونَ، وَالرَّبُّ تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى يُخَاطِبُهُ، وَيَقُولُ لَهُ: إِنِّي سَأُبَارِكُ عَلَيْكَ، وَأُكْثِرُ ذُرِّيَّتَكَ، وَأَجْعَلُ لَكَ هَذِهِ الْأَرْضَ وَلِعَقِبِكَ مِنْ بَعْدِكَ، فَلَمَّا هَبَّ مِنْ نَوْمِهِ فَرِحَ بِمَا رَأَى، وَنَذَرَ لِلَّهِ لَئِنْ رَجَعَ إِلَى أَهْلِهِ سَالِمًا لَيَبْنِيَنَّ فِي هَذَا الْمَوْضِعِ مَعْبَدًا لِلَّهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ، وَأَنَّ جَمِيعَ مَا يَرْزُقُهُ مِنْ شَيْءٍ يَكُونُ لِلَّهِ عُشْرُهُ، ثُمَّ عَمَدَ إِلَى ذَلِكَ الْحَجَرِ فَجَعَلَ عَلَيْهِ دُهْنًا يَتَعَرَّفُهُ بِهِ. وَسَمَّى ذَلِكَ الْمَوْضِعَ بَيْتَ إِيلَ أَيْ بَيْتَ اللَّهِ، وَهُوَ مَوْضِعُ بَيْتِ الْمَقْدِسِ الْيَوْمَ الَّذِي بَنَاهُ يَعْقُوبُ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ، كَمَا سَيَأْتِي زواج يعقوب عليه السلام قَالُوا: فَلَمَّا قَدِمَ يَعْقُوبُ عَلَى خَالِهِ أَرْضَ حَرَّانَ إِذَا لَهُ ابْنَتَانِ اسْمُ الْكُبْرَى لَيَا، وَاسْمُ الصُّغْرَى رَاحِيلُ، فَخَطَبَ إِلَيْهِ رَاحِيلَ، وَكَانَتْ أَحْسَنَهُمَا، وَأَجْمَلَهُمَا فَأَجَابَهُ إِلَى ذَلِكَ بِشَرْطِ أَنْ يَرْعَى عَلَى غَنَمِهِ سَبْعَ سِنِينَ، فَلَمَّا مَضَتِ الْمُدَّةُ عَمِلَ خَالُهُ لَابَانُ طَعَامًا، وَجَمَعَ النَّاسَ عَلَيْهِ، وَزَفَّ إِلَيْهِ لَيْلًا ابْنَتَهُ الْكُبْرَى لَيَا، وَكَانَتْ ضَعِيفَةَ الْعَيْنَيْنِ قَبِيحَةَ الْمَنْظَرِ، فَلَمَّا أَصْبَحَ يَعْقُوبُ إِذَا هِيَ لَيَا، فَقَالَ لِخَالِهِ: لِمَ غَدَرْتَ بِي، وَأَنْتَ إِنَّمَا خَطَبْتُ إِلَيْكَ رَاحِيلَ. فَقَالَ: إِنَّهُ لَيْسَ مِنْ سُنَّتِنَا أَنْ نُزَوِّجَ الصُّغْرَى قَبْلَ الْكُبْرَى فَإِنْ أَحْبَبْتَ أُخْتَهَا فَاعْمَلْ سَبْعَ سِنِينَ أُخْرَى وَأُزَوِّجُكَهَا. فَعَمِلَ سَبْعَ سِنِينَ، وَأَدْخَلَهَا عَلَيْهِ مَعَ أُخْتِهَا، وَكَانَ ذَلِكَ سَائِغًا فِي مِلَّتِهِمْ، فَلِذَلِكَ قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى: وَأَنْ تَجْمَعُوا بَيْنَ الْأُخْتَيْنِ إِلَّا مَا قَدْ سَلَفَ. ثُمَّ نُسِخَ فِي شَرِيعَةِ التَّوْرَاةِ، وَهَذَا وَحْدَهُ دَلِيلٌ كَافٍ عَلَى وُقُوعِ النَّسْخِ  ؛ لِأَنَّ فِعْلَ يَعْقُوبَ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ دَلِيلٌ عَلَى جَوَازِ هَذَا وَإِبَاحَتِهِ؛ لِأَنَّهُ مَعْصُومٌ. وَوَهَبَ لَابَانُ لِكُلِّ وَاحِدَةٍ مِنِ ابْنَتَيْهِ جَارِيَةً؛ فَوَهَبَ لِلَيَا جَارِيَةً اسْمُهَا زُلْفَا، وَوَهَبَ لِرَاحِيلَ جَارِيَةً اسْمُهَا بَلُهَا، وَجَبَرَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى ضَعْفَ لَيَا بِأَنْ وَهَبَ لَهَا أَوْلَادًا فَكَانَ أَوَّلَ مَنْ وَلَدَتْ لِيَعْقُوبَ رُوبِيلُ، ثُمَّ شَمْعُونُ، ثُمَّ لَاوِي، ثُمَّ يَهُوذَا، فَغَارَتْ عِنْدَ ذَلِكَ رَاحِيلُ، وَكَانَتْ لَا تَحْبَلُ فَوَهَبَتْ لِيَعْقُوبَ جَارِيَتَهَا بَلْهَا فَوَطِئَهَا فَحَمَلَتْ وَوَلَدَتْ لَهُ غُلَامًا سَمَّتْهُ دَانَ، وَحَمَلَتْ وَوَلَدَتْ غُلَامًا آخَرَ سَمَّتْهُ يَفْثَالِي، فَعَمَدَتْ عِنْدَ ذَلِكَ لَيَا فَوَهَبَتْ جَارِيَتَهَا زُلْفَا مِنْ يَعْقُوبَ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ فَوَلَدَتْ لَهُ جَادَ وَأَشِيرَ غُلَامَيْنِ ذَكَرَيْنِ، ثُمَّ حَمَلَتْ لَيَا أَيْضًا فَوَلَدَتْ غُلَامًا خَامِسًا مِنْهَا وَسَمَّتْهُ أَيْسَاخَرَ، ثُمَّ حَمَلَتْ وَوَلَدَتْ غُلَامًا سَادِسًا سَمَّتْهُ زَابِلُونَ، ثُمَّ حَمَلَتْ وَوَلَدَتْ بِنْتًا سَمَّتْهَا دِينَا، فَصَارَ لَهَا سَبْعَةٌ مِنْ يَعْقُوبَ، ثُمَّ دَعَتِ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى رَاحِيلُ وَسَأَلَتْهُ أَنْ يَهَبَ لَهَا غُلَامًا مِنْ يَعْقُوبَ، فَسَمِعَ اللَّهُ نِدَاءَهَا وَأَجَابَ دُعَاءَهَا فَحَمَلَتْ مِنْ نَبِيِّ اللَّهِ يَعْقُوبَ فَوَلَدَتْ لَهُ غُلَامًا عَظِيمًا شَرِيفًا حَسَنًا جَمِيلًا سَمَّتْهُ يُوسُفَ كُلُّ هَذَا، وَهُمْ مُقِيمُونَ بِأَرْضِ حَرَّانَ، وَهُوَ يَرْعَى عَلَى خَالِهِ غَنَمَهُ بَعْدَ دُخُولِهِ عَلَى الْبِنْتَيْنِ سِتَّ سِنِينَ أُخْرَى فَصَارَ مُدَّةُ مُقَامِهِ عِشْرِينَ سَنَةً، فَطَلَبَ يَعْقُوبُ مِنْ خَالِهِ لَابَانَ أَنْ يُسَرِّحَهُ لِيَمُرَّ إِلَى أَهْلِهِ فَقَالَ لَهُ خَالُهُ: إِنِّي قَدْ بُورِكَ لِي بِسَبَبِكَ فَسَلْنِي مِنْ مَالِي مَا شِئْتَ. فَقَالَ: تُعْطِينِي كُلَّ حَمَلٍ يُولَدُ مِنْ غَنَمِكَ هَذِهِ السَّنَةَ أَبْقَعَ، وَكُلَّ حَمَلٍ مُلْمِعٍ أَبْيَضَ بِسَوَادٍ، وَكُلَّ أَمْلَحَ بِبَيَاضٍ، وَكُلَّ أَجْلَحَ أَبْيَضَ مِنَ الْمَعْزِ. فَقَالَ: نَعَمْ. فَعَمَدَ بَنُوهُ فَأَبْرَزُوا مِنْ غَنَمِ أَبِيهِمْ مَا كَانَ عَلَى هَذِهِ الصِّفَاتِ مِنَ التُّيُوسِ لِئَلَّا يُوَلَدَ شَيْءٌ مِنَ الْحُمْلَانِ عَلَى هَذِهِ الصِّفَاتِ، وَسَارُوا بِهَا مَسِيرَةَ ثَلَاثَةِ أَيَّامٍ عَنْ غَنَمِ أَبِيهِمْ قَالُوا: فَعَمَدَ يَعْقُوبُ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ إِلَى قُضْبَانٍ رَطْبَةٍ بِيضٍ مِنْ لَوْزٍ وَدُلْبٍ، فَكَانَ يُقَشِّرُهَا بَلْقَاءَ وَبَيْضَاءَ، وَيَضَعُهَا فِي مَسَاقِي الْغَنَمِ مِنَ الْمِيَاهِ لِيَنْظُرَ الْغَنَمُ إِلَيْهَا فَتَفْزَعَ، وَتَتَحَرَّكَ أَوْلَادُهَا فِي بُطُونِهَا فَتَصِيرَ أَلْوَانُ حُمْلَانِهَا كَذَلِكَ. وَهَذَا يَكُونُ مِنْ بَابِ خَوَارِقِ الْعَادَاتِ  ، وَيَنْتَظِمُ فِي سِلْكِ الْمُعْجِزَاتِ. فَصَارَ لِيَعْقُوبَ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ أَغْنَامٌ كَثِيرَةٌ وَدَوَابُّ وَعَبِيدٌ، وَتَغَيَّرَ لَهُ وَجْهُ خَالِهِ وَبَنِيهِ، وَكَأَنَّهُمُ انْحَصَرُوا مِنْهُ. رجوع يعقوب عليه السلام إلى بلاد أبيه وقومه وَأَوْحَى اللَّهُ تَعَالَى إِلَى يَعْقُوبَ أَنْ يَرْجِعَ إِلَى بِلَادِ أَبِيهِ وَقَوْمِهِ، وَوَعَدَهُ بِأَنْ يَكُونَ مَعَهُ فَعَرَضَ ذَلِكَ عَلَى أَهْلِهِ فَأَجَابُوهُ مُبَادِرِينَ إِلَى طَاعَتِهِ، فَتَحَمَّلَ بِأَهْلِهِ وَمَالِهِ، وَسَرَقَتْ رَاحِيلُ أَصْنَامَ أَبِيهَا، فَلَمَّا جَاوَزُوا وَتَحَيَّزُوا عَنْ بِلَادِهِمْ لِحَقَهُمْ لَابَانُ وَقَوْمُهُ، فَلَمَّا اجْتَمَعَ لَابَانُ بِيَعْقُوبَ عَاتَبَهُ فِي خُرُوجِهِ بِغَيْرِ إِذْنِهِ وَعِلْمِهِ، وَهَلَّا أَعْلَمَهُ فَيُخْرِجَهُمْ فِي فَرَحٍ وَمَزَامِرَ وَطُبُولٍ، وَحَتَّى يُوَدِّعَ بَنَاتِهِ وَأَوْلَادَهُنَّ، وَلِمَ أَخَذُوا أَصْنَامَهُ مَعَهُمْ، وَلَمْ يَكُنْ عِنْدَ يَعْقُوبَ عِلْمٌ مِنْ أَصْنَامِهِ، فَأَنْكَرَ أَنْ يَكُونَ أَخَذُوا لَهُ أَصْنَامًا فَدَخَلَ بُيُوتَ بَنَاتِهِ وَإِمَائِهِنَّ يُفَتِّشُ فَلَمْ يَجِدْ شَيْئًا، وَكَانَتْ رَاحِيلُ قَدْ جَعَلَتْهُنَّ فِي بَرْدَعَةِ الْجَمَلِ، وَهِيَ تَحْتَهَا فَلَمْ تَقُمْ، وَاعْتَذَرَتْ بِأَنَّهَا طَامِثٌ فَلَمْ يَقْدِرْ عَلَيْهِنَّ فَعِنْدَ ذَلِكَ تَوَاثَقُوا عَلَى رَابِيَةٍ هُنَاكَ يُقَالُ لَهَا: جَلْعَادُ. عَلَى أَنَّهُ لَا يُهِينُ بَنَاتِهِ وَلَا يَتَزَوَّجُ عَلَيْهِنَّ، وَلَا يُجَاوِزُ هَذِهِ الرَّابِيَةَ إِلَى بِلَادِ الْآخَرِ لَا لَابَانُ وَلَا يَعْقُوبُ، وَعَمِلَا طَعَامًا وَأَكَلَ الْقَوْمُ مَعَهُمْ، وَتَوَدَّعَ كُلٌّ مِنْهُمَا مِنَ الْآخَرِ، وَتَفَارَقُوا رَاجِعِينَ إِلَى بِلَادِهِمْ، فَلَمَّا اقْتَرَبَ يَعْقُوبُ مِنْ أَرْضِ سَاعِيرَ تَلَقَّتْهُ الْمَلَائِكَةُ يُبَشِّرُونَهُ بِالْقُدُومِ، وَبَعَثَ يَعْقُوبُ الْبُرُدَ إِلَى أَخِيهِ الْعِيصُو يَتَرَقَّقُ لَهُ وَيَتَوَاضَعُ لَهُ، فَرَجَعَتِ الْبُرُدُ وَأَخْبَرَتْ يَعْقُوبَ بِأَنَّ الْعِيصَ قَدْ رَكِبَ إِلَيْكَ فِي أَرْبَعِمِائَةِ رَاجِلٍ، فَخَشِيَ يَعْقُوبُ مِنْ ذَلِكَ، وَدَعَا اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ وَصَلَّى لَهُ وَتَضَرَّعَ إِلَيْهِ وَتَمَسْكَنَ لَدَيْهِ، وَنَاشَدَهُ عَهْدَهُ وَوَعْدَهُ الَّذِي وَعَدَهُ بِهِ. وَسَأَلَهُ أَنْ يَكُفَّ عَنْهُ شَرَّ أَخِيهِ الْعِيصَ، وَأَعَدَّ لِأَخِيهِ هَدِيَّةً عَظِيمَةً وَهِيَ؛ مِائَتَا شَاةٍ، وَعِشْرُونَ تَيْسًا، وَمِائَتَا نَعْجَةٍ، وَعِشْرُونَ كَبْشًا، وَثَلَاثُونَ لِقْحَةً، وَأَرْبَعُونَ بَقَرَةً، وَعَشَرَةٌ مِنَ الثِّيرَانِ، وَعِشْرُونَ أَتَانًا، وَعَشَرَةٌ مِنَ الْحُمُرِ، وَأَمَرَ عَبِيدَهُ أَنْ يَسُوقُوا كُلًّا مِنْ هَذِهِ الْأَصْنَافِ وَحْدَهُ، وَلْيَكُنْ بَيْنَ كُلِّ قَطِيعٍ وَقَطِيعٍ مَسَافَةٌ فَإِذَا لَقِيَهُمُ الْعِيصُ فَقَالَ لِلْأَوَّلِ: لِمَنْ أَنْتَ ؟ وَلِمَنْ هَذِهِ مَعَكَ ؟ فَلْيَقُلْ: لِعَبْدِكَ يَعْقُوبَ، أَهْدَاهَا لِسَيِّدِي الْعِيصَ. وَلْيَقُلِ الَّذِي بَعْدَهُ كَذَلِكَ، وَكَذَا الَّذِي بَعْدَهُ، وَكَذَا الَّذِي بَعْدَهُ، وَيَقُولُ كُلٌّ مِنْهُمْ: وَهُوَ جَاءَ بَعْدَنَا. وَتَأَخَّرَ يَعْقُوبُ بِزَوْجَتَيْهِ وَأَمَتَيْهِ وَبَنِيهِ الْأَحَدَ عَشَرَ بَعْدَ الْكُلِّ بِلَيْلَتَيْنِ، وَجَعَلَ يَسِيرُ فِيهِمَا لَيْلًا وَيَكْمُنُ نَهَارًا، فَلَمَّا كَانَ وَقْتُ الْفَجْرِ مِنَ اللَّيْلَةِ الثَّانِيَةِ تَبَدَّى لَهُ مَلَكٌ مِنَ الْمَلَائِكَةِ فِي صُورَةِ رَجُلٍ فَظَنَّهُ يَعْقُوبُ رَجُلًا مِنَ النَّاسِ فَأَتَاهُ يَعْقُوبُ لِيُصَارِعَهُ وَيُغَالِبَهُ، فَظَهَرَ عَلَيْهِ يَعْقُوبُ فِيمَا يُرَى إِلَّا أَنَّ الْمَلَكَ أَصَابَ وَرِكَهُ فَعَرَجَ يَعْقُوبُ، فَلَمَّا أَضَاءَ الْفَجْرُ قَالَ لَهُ الْمَلَكُ: مَا اسْمُكَ ؟ قَالَ: يَعْقُوبُ. قَالَ: لَا يَنْبَغِي أَنْ تُدْعَى بَعْدَ الْيَوْمِ إِلَّا إِسْرَائِيلُ. فَقَالَ لَهُ يَعْقُوبُ: وَمَنْ أَنْتَ ؟ وَمَا اسْمُكَ ؟ فَذَهَبَ عَنْهُ فَعَلِمَ أَنَّهُ مَلَكٌ مِنَ الْمَلَائِكَةِ، وَأَصْبَحَ يَعْقُوبُ وَهُوَ يَعْرُجُ مِنْ رِجْلِهِ فَلِذَلِكَ لَا يَأْكُلُ بَنُو إِسْرَائِيلَ عِرْقَ النِّسَا، وَرَفَعَ يَعْقُوبُ عَيْنَيْهِ فَإِذَا أَخُوهُ عِيصُ قَدْ أَقْبَلَ فِي أَرْبَعِمِائَةِ رَاجِلٍ، فَتَقَدَّمَ أَمَامَ أَهْلِهِ، فَلَمَّا رَأَى أَخَاهُ الْعِيصَ سَجَدَ لَهُ سَبْعَ مَرَّاتٍ، وَكَانَتْ هَذِهِ تَحِيَّتَهُمْ فِي ذَلِكَ الزَّمَانِ، وَكَانَ مَشْرُوعًا لَهُمْ، كَمَا سَجَدَتِ الْمَلَائِكَةُ لِآدَمَ تَحِيَّةً لَهُ، وَكَمَا سَجَدَ إِخْوَةُ يُوسُفَ وَأَبَوَاهُ لَهُ،، فَلَمَّا رَآهُ الْعِيصُ تَقَدَّمَ إِلَيْهِ وَاحْتَضَنَهُ وَقَبَّلَهُ وَبَكَى، وَرَفَعَ الْعِيصُ عَيْنَيْهِ، وَنَظَرَ إِلَى النِّسَاءِ وَالصِّبْيَانِ، فَقَالَ: مِنْ أَيْنَ لَكَ هَؤُلَاءِ ؟ فَقَالَ: هَؤُلَاءِ الَّذِينَ وَهَبَ اللَّهُ لِعَبْدِكَ. فَدَنَتِ الْأَمَتَانِ وَبَنُوهُمَا فَسَجَدُوا لَهُ، وَدَنَتْ لِيَا وَبَنُوهَا فَسَجَدُوا لَهُ، وَدَنَتْ رَاحِيلُ وَابْنُهَا يُوسُفُ آخِرًا فَسَجَدَا لَهُ، وَعَرَضَ عَلَيْهِ أَنْ يَقْبَلَ هَدِيَّتَهُ وَأَلَحَّ عَلَيْهِ فَقَبِلَهَا، وَرَجَعَ الْعِيصُ فَتَقَدَّمَ أَمَامَهُ، وَلَحِقَهُ يَعْقُوبُ بِأَهْلِهِ وَمَا مَعَهُ مِنَ الْأَنْعَامِ وَالْمَوَاشِي وَالْعَبِيدِ قَاصِدِينَ جِبَالَ سَاعِيرَ، فَلَمَّا مَرَّ بِسَاحُورَا ابْتَنَى لَهُ بَيْتًا وَلِدَوَابِّهِ ظِلَالًا، ثُمَّ مَرَّ عَلَى أُورْشَلِيمَ قَرْيَةِ سَحِيمٍ فَنَزَلَ قَبْلَ الْقَرْيَةِ وَاشْتَرَى مَزْرَعَةَ بَنِي حَمُورَ أَبِي سَحِيمٍ بِمِائَةِ نَعْجَةٍ، فَضَرَبَ هُنَالِكَ فُسْطَاطَهُ وَابْتَنَى ثَمَّ مَذْبَحًا فَسَمَّاهُ إِيلَ إِلَهَ إِسْرَائِيلَ، وَأَمَرَهُ اللَّهُ بِبِنَائِهِ لِيَسْتَعْلِنَ لَهُ فِيهِ وَهُوَ بَيْتُ الْمَقْدِسِ الْيَوْمَ الَّذِي جَدَّدَهُ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ دَاوُدَ عَلَيْهِمَا السَّلَامُ، وَهُوَ مَكَانُ الصَّخْرَةِ الَّتِي أَعْلَمَهَا بِوَضْعِ الدُّهْنِ عَلَيْهَا قَبْلَ ذَلِكَ، كَمَا ذَكَرْنَا أَوَّلًا. قصة دينا بنت يعقوب وَذَكَرَ أَهْلُ الْكِتَابِ هُنَا قِصَّةَ دِينَا بِنْتِ يَعْقُوبَ مِنْ لَيَا، وَمَا كَانَ مِنْ أَمْرِهَا مَعَ سَحِيمِ بْنِ حَمُورٍ الَّذِي قَهَرَهَا عَلَى نَفْسِهَا وَأَدْخَلَهَا مَنْزِلَهُ، ثُمَّ خَطَبَهَا مِنْ أَبِيهَا وَإِخْوَتِهَا، فَقَالَ إِخْوَتُهَا: لَا نَفْعَلُ إِلَّا أَنْ تَخْتَتِنُوا كُلُّكُمْ فَنُصَاهِرَكُمْ وَتُصَاهِرُونَا، فَإِنَّا لَا نُصَاهِرُ قَوْمًا غُلْفًا. فَأَجَابُوهُمْ إِلَى ذَلِكَ، وَاخْتَتَنُوا كُلُّهُمْ، فَلَمَّا كَانَ الْيَوْمُ الثَّالِثُ وَاشْتَدَّ وَجَعُهُمْ مِنْ أَلَمِ الْخِتَانِ، مَالَ عَلَيْهِمْ بَنُو يَعْقُوبَ فَقَتَلُوهُمْ عَنْ آخِرِهِمْ وَقَتَلُوا سَحِيمًا وَأَبَاهُ حَمُورًا لِقَبِيحِ مَا صَنَعُوا إِلَيْهِمْ، مُضَافًا إِلَى كُفْرِهِمْ، وَمَا كَانُوا يَعْبُدُونَهُ مِنْ أَصْنَامِهِمْ فَلِهَذَا قَتَلَهُمْ بَنُو يَعْقُوبَ، وَأَخَذُوا أَمْوَالَهُمْ غَنِيمَةً، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ. ثُمَّ حَمَلَتْ رَاحِيلُ فَوَلَدَتْ غُلَامًا، وَهُوَ بِنْيَامِينُ إِلَّا أَنَّهَا جَهَدَتْ فِي طَلْقِهَا بِهِ جَهْدًا شَدِيدًا، وَمَاتَتْ عَقِيبَهُ فَدَفَنَهَا يَعْقُوبُ فِي أَفَرَاثٍ، وَهِيَ بَيْتُ لَحْمٍ، وَصَنَعَ يَعْقُوبُ عَلَى قَبْرِهَا حَجَرًا، وَهِيَ الْحِجَارَةُ الْمَعْرُوفَةُ بِقَبْرِ رَاحِيلَ إِلَى الْيَوْمِ. وَكَانَ أَوْلَادُ يَعْقُوبَ الذُّكُورُ اثْنَيْ عَشَرَ رَجُلًا، فَمِنْ لَيَا؛ رُوبِيلُ، وَشَمْعَونُ، وَلَاوِي، وَيَهُوذَا، وَأَيْسَاخَرُ، وَزَابِلُونَ. وَمِنْ رَاحِيلَ؛ يُوسُفُ، وَبِنْيَامِينُ، وَمِنْ أَمَةِ رَاحِيلَ؛ دَانٌ، وَنَفْثَالِي. وَمِنْ أَمَةِ لَيَا؛ جَادٌ، وَأَشِيرُ. عَلَيْهِمُ السَّلَامُ، وَجَاءَ يَعْقُوبُ إِلَى أَبِيهِ إِسْحَاقَ فَأَقَامَ عِنْدَهُ بِقَرْيَةِ حَبْرُونَ الَّتِي فِي أَرْضِ كَنْعَانَ حَيْثُ كَانَ يَسْكُنُ إِبْرَاهِيمُ.

Translation

✧ Isaac son of Abraham and his children The People of the Book mentioned that when Isaac married Rebekah daughter of Bethuel during his father's lifetime, he was forty years old, and that she was barren. He prayed to God for her, and she conceived and gave birth to twin boys. The first they named Esau, and he is the one the Arabs call al-ʿĪṣ. He is the father of the Romans. The second came out grasping his brother's heel, so they named him Jacob, and he is Israel, to whom the Children of Israel trace their lineage. They said: Isaac loved Esau more than Jacob because he was his firstborn, while their mother Rebekah loved Jacob more because he was the younger. They said: When Isaac grew old and his eyesight weakened, he craved food from his son Esau. He ordered him to go hunt game for him and cook it for him, so that he might bless him and pray for him. Esau was a hunter, so he went to seek that. Rebekah ordered her son Jacob to slaughter two choice kids from his best flock and prepare food from them as his father craved, and to bring it to him before his brother, so that he would pray for him. She arose and dressed him in his brother's clothes, and placed on his arms and neck some of the skins of the kids, because Esau was hairy-bodied while Jacob was not. When he came to him with it and presented it to him, he said: 'Who are you?' He said: 'Your son.' He drew him close, felt him, and kept saying: 'The voice is the voice of Jacob, but the touch and the clothes are Esau.' When he had eaten and finished, he prayed for him that he would be greatest of his brothers in rank, and his word over them and over the peoples after him, and that his provision and offspring be abundant. When he left his presence, his brother Esau came with what his father had commanded him, presenting it to him. He said to him: 'What is this, my son?' He said: 'This is the food you craved.' He said: 'Did you not bring it to me just now? I ate from it and prayed for you.' He said: 'No, by God.' He realized that his brother had preceded him in that, and he felt great resentment against him. They mentioned that he threatened to kill him when their father died, and he asked his father, who prayed another prayer for him: that He make his offspring possess the thick of the earth, and make their provisions and fruits abundant. When their mother heard of the threat Esau made against his brother Jacob, she ordered her son Jacob to go to her brother Laban in the land of Harran, and to stay with him until his brother's anger subsided, and to marry from his daughters. She told her husband Isaac to command him to do that, advise him, and pray for him. So he did. Jacob ﷺ departed from them at the end of that day. Evening overtook him at a place, and he slept there. He took a stone and placed it under his head and slept. In that sleep he saw a ladder set up from heaven to earth, and behold, angels ascending and descending on it. The Lord, blessed and exalted, addressed him and said to him: 'I will bless you, and multiply your descendants, and give this land to you and to your offspring after you.' When he awoke from his sleep, he rejoiced at what he had seen, and vowed to God that if he returned to his family safely, he would build in that place a temple to God, mighty and glorious, and that a tenth of everything He provided him would belong to God. Then he took that stone and put oil on it to mark it. He named that place Bethel, meaning 'House of God,' and it is the site of the Holy House today, which Jacob later built, as will come. Jacob's marriage ﷺ They said: When Jacob arrived at his maternal uncle's land of Harran, he found that he had two daughters: the elder named Leah, and the younger named Rachel. He asked for Rachel's hand, for she was the better and more beautiful of the two. He consented on condition that he tend his sheep for seven years. When the period elapsed, his uncle Laban prepared a feast and gathered people for it, and at night he gave him in marriage his elder daughter Leah. She was weak-eyed and unattractive. When morning came, Jacob saw that she was Leah. He said to his uncle: 'Why have you deceived me? I asked you for Rachel.' He said: 'It is not our custom to marry off the younger before the elder. If you want her sister, work another seven years and I will marry her to you.' So he worked seven years, and he brought her to him along with her sister. That was permissible in their religious law. Therefore God, exalted, said: '...and that you combine two sisters in marriage, except what has already occurred.' Then it was abrogated in the law of the Torah. This alone is sufficient proof that abrogation occurs, because the action of Jacob ﷺ is proof of the permissibility of this, since he is infallible. Laban gave each of his two daughters a slave woman. He gave Leah a slave woman named Zilpah, and gave Rachel a slave woman named Bilhah. God, exalted, compensated for Leah's weakness by granting her children. The first she bore to Jacob was Reuben, then Simeon, then Levi, then Judah. Then Rachel became jealous, for she did not conceive. She gave Jacob her slave woman Bilhah, and he lay with her. She conceived and bore him a boy she named Dan. She conceived again and bore another boy she named Naphtali. Then Leah gave her slave woman Zilpah to Jacob ﷺ, and she bore him Gad and Asher, two boys. Then Leah conceived again and bore a fifth boy from herself, and named him Issachar. Then she conceived and bore a sixth boy, named Zebulun. Then she conceived and bore a daughter, named Dinah. Thus she had seven from Jacob. Then Rachel called upon God, exalted, asking Him to grant her a boy from Jacob. God heard her call and answered her prayer, and she conceived from the prophet of God Jacob, and bore him a great, noble, handsome, beautiful boy whom she named Joseph. All this while they were dwelling in the land of Harran, and he was tending his uncle's sheep after marrying the two daughters for six more years. So the length of his stay was twenty years. Jacob asked his uncle Laban to release him so he could go to his family. His uncle said to him: 'I have been blessed because of you. Ask me for whatever of my wealth you want.' He said: 'Give me every speckled lamb born from your sheep this year, and every spotted lamb with white and black, and every white-striped lamb, and every white, bald one from the goats.' He said: 'Yes.' His sons took out from their father's flock those goats with these traits, so that no lamb would be born with these traits, and they traveled with them a distance of three days away from their father's flock. They said: Jacob ﷺ took fresh white rods of almond and plane tree, and he peeled white stripes in them, and placed them in the watering troughs where the sheep came to drink, so that the sheep would see them and become startled, and their young would stir in their wombs, and the colors of their lambs would become like that. This is among unusual occurrences, and falls within the class of miracles. Thus Jacob ﷺ acquired many sheep, livestock, and slaves. His uncle's face and his sons' changed toward him, as if they were estranged from him. Jacob's return ﷺ to his father's land and people God, exalted, revealed to Jacob that he should return to his father's land and people, and promised to be with him. He presented that to his family, and they responded promptly to obey him. He set out with his family and wealth. Rachel stole her father's idols. When they had crossed and separated from their land, Laban and his people caught up with them. When Laban met Jacob, he reproached him for leaving without his permission and knowledge. Why did he not inform him, so that he could send them off with joy and flutes and drums, and so that he could bid farewell to his daughters and their children? And why did they take his idols with them? Jacob had no knowledge of his idols, and he denied that they had taken any idols. He entered the tents of his daughters and their slave women to search, but found nothing. Rachel had placed them in the camel's saddle, and she was sitting on it, and she did not rise. She excused herself by saying she was menstruating, so he could not get to them. Then they made a covenant on a hill there called Gilead, that he would not mistreat his daughters or marry other women besides them, and that neither Laban nor Jacob would cross this hill into the other's land. They prepared food, and the people ate with them. Each bade farewell to the other, and they parted, returning to their lands. When Jacob drew near the land of Seir, angels met him, giving him glad tidings of his arrival. Jacob sent messengers to his brother Esau, speaking gently and humbly to him. The messengers returned and told Jacob that Esau had set out toward him with four hundred men on foot. Jacob feared that, and called upon God, mighty and glorious, prayed to Him, entreated Him, and humbled himself before Him, reminding Him of His covenant and the promise He had made to him. He asked Him to restrain the evil of his brother Esau. He prepared a great gift for his brother: two hundred ewes, twenty he-goats, two hundred sheep, twenty rams, thirty milch camels, forty cows, ten bulls, twenty she-donkeys, and ten foals. He ordered his servants to drive each of these kinds separately, with a space between each herd and the next. When Esau met them and said to the first: 'To whom do you belong, and whose are these with you?' He should say: 'To your servant Jacob; he has sent them as a gift to my lord Esau.' And the next should say the same, and so the next, and the next, and each of them should say: 'And he is coming after us.' Jacob delayed with his two wives, his two slave women, and his eleven sons, after everyone, by two nights. He traveled during the two nights and hid by day. At dawn of the second night, an angel appeared to him in the form of a man. Jacob thought he was a man, and Jacob came to wrestle and struggle with him. Jacob prevailed over him, as it appeared, except that the angel struck his hip, and Jacob limped. When dawn broke, the angel said to him: 'What is your name?' He said: 'Jacob.' He said: 'You shall no longer be called Jacob, but Israel.' Jacob said to him: 'Who are you, and what is your name?' He departed from him, and Jacob knew that he was an angel. Jacob arose limping in his leg. Therefore the Children of Israel do not eat the sciatic nerve. Jacob lifted his eyes, and behold, his brother Esau was approaching with four hundred men on foot. He went ahead of his family. When he saw his brother Esau, he prostrated to him seven times. This was their greeting in that time, and it was prescribed for them, as the angels prostrated to Adam in greeting, and as Joseph's brothers and parents prostrated to him. When Esau saw him, he ran to him, embraced him, kissed him, and wept. Esau lifted his eyes and looked at the women and children, and said: 'Where did you get these?' He said: 'These are the ones God has granted your servant.' The two slave women and their children came near and prostrated to him. Leah and her children came near and prostrated to him. Rachel and her son Joseph came near last, and they prostrated to him. He offered him his gift and insisted, and he accepted it. Esau returned and went ahead of him, and Jacob followed him with his family and what he had of livestock, cattle, and slaves, heading toward the mountains of Seir. When he passed by Succoth, he built himself a house and made shelters for his livestock. Then he passed by Jerusalem, the village of Shechem, and camped before the village. He bought the field of the sons of Hamor, father of Shechem, for a hundred sheep. There he pitched his tent and built an altar, and named it El, God of Israel. God commanded him to build it so that He might reveal Himself to him there. It is the Holy House today, which Solomon son of David (peace be upon them) later renewed. It is the site of the rock which he had marked by placing oil on it before, as we mentioned first. The story of Dinah daughter of Jacob The People of the Book mentioned here the story of Dinah daughter of Jacob from Leah, and what happened to her with Shechem son of Hamor, who forced her and brought her into his house. Then he asked for her hand from her father and brothers. Her brothers said: 'We will not do it unless you all become circumcised, and then we will intermarry with you and you with us, for we do not intermarry with uncircumcised people.' They agreed to that, and they all became circumcised. On the third day, when their pain from circumcision was severe, the sons of Jacob fell upon them and killed them all, and killed Shechem and his father Hamor for the evil they had done to them, in addition to their disbelief and their worship of idols. For this reason the sons of Jacob killed them, and took their wealth as spoil. And God knows best. Then Rachel conceived and bore a boy, and he was Benjamin, but she suffered greatly in labor with him, and died after him. Jacob buried her in Ephrath, which is Bethlehem. Jacob placed a stone on her grave, and it is the stones known as Rachel's Tomb to this day. The sons of Jacob, the males, were twelve men: from Leah—Reuben, Simeon, Levi, Judah, Issachar, and Zebulun; from Rachel—Joseph and Benjamin; from Rachel's slave woman—Dan and Naphtali; and from Leah's slave woman—Gad and Asher, peace be upon them. Jacob came to his father Isaac and stayed with him in the village of Hebron, which is in the land of Canaan, where Abraham had dwelt.

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