Tarikh (al-Tabari) 1603
Mention of Year Nine and Its Designation as the Year of Delegations
قُدُومُ الْأَشْعَثِ بْنِ قَيْسٍ فِي وَفْدِ كِنْدَةَ [ قُدُومُهُمْ وَإِسْلَامُهُمْ ] قَالَ ابْنُ إسْحَاقَ: وَقَدِمَ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ الْأَشْعَثُ بْنُ قَيْسٍ، فِي وَفْدِ كِنْدَةَ، فَحَدَّثَنِي الزُّهْرِيُّ بْنُ شِهَابٍ أَنَّهُ قَدِمَ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي ثَمَانِينَ رَاكِبًا مِنْ كِنْدَةَ، فَدَخَلُوا عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ مَسْجِدَهُ، وَقَدْ رَجَّلُوا جُمَمَهُمْ وَتَكَحَّلُوا، وَعَلَيْهِمْ جُبَبُ الْحِبَرَةِ، وَقَدْ كَفَّفُوهَا بِالْحَرِيرِ، فَلَمَّا دَخَلُوا عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: أَلَمْ تُسْلِمُوا ؟ قَالُوا: بَلَى، قَالَ: فَمَا بَالُ هَذَا الْحَرِيرِ فِي أَعْنَاقِكُمْ؛ قَالَ: فَشَقُّوهُ مِنْهَا، فَأَلْقَوْهُ [ انْتِسَابُ الْوَفْدِ إلَى آكِلِ الْمُرَارِ ] ثُمَّ قَالَ لَهُ الْأَشْعَثُ بْنُ قَيْسٍ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ: نَحْنُ بَنُو آكِلِ الْمُرَارِ، وَأَنْتُ ابْنُ آكِلِ الْمُرَارِ؛ قَالَ: فَتَبَسَّمَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَقَالَ: نَاسَبُوا بِهَذَا النَّسَبِ الْعَبَّاسَ بْنَ عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ، وَرَبِيعَةَ بْنَ الْحَارِثِ، وَكَانَ الْعَبَّاسُ وَرَبِيعَةُ رَجُلَيْنِ تَاجِرَيْنِ وَكَانَا إذَا شَاعَا فِي بَعْضِ الْعَرَبِ، فَسُئِلَا مِمَّنْ هُمَا ؟ قَالَا: نَحْنُ بَنُو آكِلِ الْمُرَارِ، يَتَعَزَّزَانِ بِذَلِكَ، وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ كِنْدَةَ كَانُوا مُلُوكًا. ثُمَّ قَالَ لَهُمْ: لَا، بَلْ نَحْنُ بَنُو النَّضْرِ بْنِ كِنَانَةَ، لَا نَقَفُوا أُمَّنَا، وَلَا نَنْتَفِي مِنْ أَبِينَا، فَقَالَ الْأَشْعَثُ بْنُ قَيْسٍ: هَلْ فَرَغْتُمْ يَا مَعْشَرَ كِنْدَةَ ؟ وَاَللَّهِ لَا أَسْمَعُ رَجُلًا يَقُولُهَا إلَّا ضَرَبْتُهُ ثَمَانِينَ. وَعَنْ مُسْلِمِ بْنِ هَيْصَمٍ، عَنِ الْأَشْعَثِ بْنِ قَيْسٍ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: أَتَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي وَفْدِ كِنْدَةَ - قَالَ عَفَّانُ: لَا يَرَوْنِي أَفْضَلَهُمْ - قَالَ: قُلْتُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، إِنَّا نَزْعُمُ أَنَّكُمْ مِنَّا. قَالَ: فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: " نَحْنُ بَنُو النَّضْرِ بْنِ كِنَانَةَ لَا نَقْفُو أُمَّنَا وَلَا نَنْتَفِي مِنْ أَبِينَا ". قَالَ: قَالَ الْأَشْعَثُ: فَوَاللَّهِ لَا أَسْمَعُ أَحَدًا نَفَى قُرَيْشًا مِنَ النَّضْرِ بْنِ كِنَانَةَ إِلَّا جَلَدْتُهُ الْحَدَّ. وَعَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، حَدَّثَنَا الْأَشْعَثُ بْنُ قَيْسٍ قَالَ: قَدِمْتُ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي وَفْدِ كِنْدَةَ فَقَالَ لِي: " هَلْ لَكَ مِنْ وَلَدٍ ؟ " قُلْتُ: غُلَامٌ وُلِدَ لِي فِي مَخْرَجِي إِلَيْكَ مِنَ ابْنَةِ جَمْدٍ، وَلَوَدِدْتُ أَنَّ مَكَانَهُ شَبِعَ الْقَوْمُ. قَالَ: " لَا تَقُولَنَّ ; ذَلِكَ فَإِنَّ فِيهِمْ قُرَّةَ عَيْنٍ، وَأَجْرًا إِذَا قُبِضُوا ثَمَّ، وَلَئِنْ قُلْتَ ذَاكَ إِنَّهُمْ لَمَجْبَنَةٌ مَحْزَنَةٌ، إِنَّهُمْ لَمَجْبَنَةٌ مَحْزَنَةٌ " وَفِي هَذَا مِنَ الْفِقْهِ أَنَّ مَنْ كَانَ مِنْ وَلَدِ النضر بن كنانة، فَهُوَ مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ. وَفِيهِ: جَوَازُ إِتْلَافِ الْمَالِ الْمُحَرَّمِ اسْتِعْمَالُهُ، كَثِيَابِ الْحَرِيرِ عَلَى الرِّجَالِ، وَأَنَّ ذَلِكَ لَيْسَ بِإِضَاعَةٍ. وَالْمِرَارُ: هُوَ شَجَرٌ مِنْ شَجَرِ الْبَوَادِي، وَآكِلُ الْمِرَارِ: هُوَ الحارث بن عمرو بن حجر بن عمرو بن معاوية بن كندة، وَلِلنَّبِيِّ ﷺ جَدَّةٌ مِنْ كِنْدَةَ مَذْكُورَةٌ، وَهِيَ أم كلاب بن مرة، وَإِيَّاهَا أَرَادَ الأشعث. وَفِيهِ: أَنَّ مَنِ انْتَسَبَ إِلَى غَيْرِ أَبِيهِ ، فَقَدِ انْتَفَى مِنْ أَبِيهِ، وَقَفَى أُمَّهُ، أَيْ: رَمَاهَا بِالْفُجُورِ. وَفِيهَا: أَنَّ كِنْدَةَ لَيْسُوا مِنْ وَلَدِ النضر بن كنانة. وَفِيهِ: أَنَّ مَنْ أَخْرَجَ رَجُلًا عَنْ نَسَبِهِ الْمَعْرُوفِ، جُلِدَ حَدَّ الْقَذْفِ. [ نَسَبُ الْأَشْعَثِ إلَى آكِلِ الْمُرَارِ ] قَالَ ابْنُ هِشَامٍ: الْأَشْعَثُ بْنُ قَيْسٍ مِنْ وَلَدِ آكِلِ الْمُرَارِ مِنْ قِبَلِ النِّسَاءِ، وَآكِلُ الْمُرَارِ: الْحَارِثُ بْنُ عَمْرِو بْنِ حُجْرِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ بْنِ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنِ ثَوْرِ بْنِ مُرَتِّعِ بْنِ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنِ كِنْدِيٍّ، وَيُقَالُ كِنْدَةَ، وَإِنَّمَا سُمِّيَ آكِلَ الْمُرَارِ، لِأَنَّ عَمْرَو بْنَ الْهَبُولَةِ الْغَسَّانِيَّ أَغَارَ عَلَيْهِمْ، وَكَانَ الْحَارِثُ غَائِبًا، فَغَنِمَ وَسَبَى، وَكَانَ فِيمَنْ سَبَى أُمُّ أُنَاسَ بِنْتُ عَوْفِ بْنِ مُحَلَّمٍ الشَّيْبَانِيِّ، امْرَأَةُ الْحَارِثِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو، فَقَالَتْ لِعَمْرِو فِي مَسِيرِهِ: لَكَأَنِّي بِرَجُلِ أَدْلَمْ أَسْوَدَ، كَأَنَّ مَشَافِرَهُ مَشَافِرُ بَعِيرِ آكِلِ مُرَارٍ قَدْ أَخَذَ بِرِقْبَتِكَ، تَعْنِي الْحَارِثَ، فَسُمِّيَ آكِلَ الْمُرَارِ، وَالْمُرَارُ: شَجَرٌ. ثُمَّ تَبِعَهُ الْحَارِثُ فِي بَنِي بَكْرِ بْنِ وَائِلٍ، فَلَحِقَهُ، فَقَتَلَهُ، وَاسْتَنْقَذَ امْرَأَتَهُ، وَمَا كَانَ أَصَابَ. فَقَالَ الْحَارِثُ بْنُ حِلِّزَةَ الْيَشْكُرِيُّ لِعَمْرِو بْنِ الْمُنْذِرِ، وَهُوَ عَمْرُو بْنُ هِنْدٍ اللَّخْمِيُّ: وَأَقَدْنَاكَ رَبَّ غَسَّانَ بِالْمُنْذِرِ كَرْهًا إذْ لَا تُكَالُ الدِّمَاءُ لِأَنَّ الْحَارِثَ الْأَعْرَجَ الْغَسَّانِيَّ قَتَلَ الْمُنْذِرُ أَبَاهُ، وَهَذَا الْبَيْتُ فِي قَصِيدَةٍ لَهُ. وَهَذَا الْحَدِيثُ أَطْوَلُ مِمَّا ذَكَرْتُ، وَإِنَّمَا مَنَعَنِي مِنْ اسْتِقْصَائِهِ مَا ذَكَرْتُ مِنْ الْقَطْعِ. وَيُقَالُ بَلْ آكِلُ الْمُرَارِ: حُجْرُ بْنُ عَمْرِو بْنِ مُعَاوِيَةَ، وَهُوَ صَاحِبُ هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ؛ وَإِنَّمَا سُمِّيَ آكِلَ الْمُرَارِ، لِأَنَّهُ أَكَلَ هُوَ وَأَصْحَابُهُ فِي تِلْكَ الْغَزْوَةِ شَجَرًا يُقَالُ لَهُ الْمُرَارُ.
Translation
✧ The arrival of al-Ashʿath b. Qays in the delegation of Kindah [Their arrival and conversion] Ibn Isḥāq said: Al-Ashʿath b. Qays came to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ in the delegation of Kindah. Al-Zuhrī b. Shihāb narrated to me that he came to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ with eighty riders from Kindah. They entered upon the Messenger of Allah ﷺ in his mosque, having combed their forelocks, applied kohl, wearing striped cloaks which they had hemmed with silk. When they entered upon the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, he said: Have you not become Muslims? They said: Yes. He said: Then what is this silk about your necks? He said: So they tore it off and threw it away. [The delegation's attribution to the eater of murrār] Then al-Ashʿath b. Qays said to him: O Messenger of Allah, we are the Banū Ākil al-Murār, and you are the son of Ākil al-Murār. He said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ smiled and said: Attribute this lineage to al-ʿAbbās b. ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib and Rabīʿah b. al-Ḥārith. Al-ʿAbbās and Rabīʿah were two merchants, and when they spread out among some Arabs and were asked from whom they were, they said: We are the Banū Ākil al-Murār, seeking honor by that, because Kindah were kings. Then he said to them: No, rather we are the Banū al-Naḍr b. Kinānah. We do not slander our mother, nor do we disown our father. Al-Ashʿath b. Qays said: Have you finished, O assembly of Kindah? By Allah, I will not hear a man say it without striking him eighty. And on the authority of Muslim b. Hayṣam, from al-Ashʿath b. Qays, that he said: I came to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ in the delegation of Kindah—ʿAffān said: They do not consider me the best of them—he said: I said: O Messenger of Allah, we claim that you are from us. He said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "We are the Banū al-Naḍr b. Kinānah. We do not slander our mother, nor do we disown our father." He said: Al-Ashʿath said: By Allah, I will not hear anyone deny Quraysh from al-Naḍr b. Kinānah without flogging him the prescribed punishment. And on the authority of al-Shaʿbī: Al-Ashʿath b. Qays narrated to us, he said: I came to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ in the delegation of Kindah, and he said to me: "Do you have any children?" I said: A boy was born to me on my way out to you from the daughter of Jamd, and I would wish that in his place the people were satiated. He said: "Do not say that, for in them is coolness of the eye and reward when they are taken, and if you say that, they are indeed a cause of cowardice and grief, a cause of cowardice and grief." In this is the legal understanding that whoever is of the offspring of al-Naḍr b. Kinānah is from Quraysh. In it: The permissibility of destroying forbidden wealth whose use is prohibited, such as silk garments for men, and that this is not wastefulness. Al-murār: It is a tree of the desert trees, and Ākil al-Murār is al-Ḥārith b. ʿAmr b. Ḥujr b. ʿAmr b. Muʿāwiyah b. Kindah. The Prophet ﷺ had a known grandmother from Kindah, she is Umm Kilāb b. Murrah, and it is her that al-Ashʿath meant. In it: That whoever attributes himself to other than his father has disowned his father and slandered his mother, that is, accused her of immorality. In it: That Kindah are not of the offspring of al-Naḍr b. Kinānah. In it: That whoever removes a man from his known lineage is flogged with the prescribed punishment for slander. [The lineage of al-Ashʿath to Ākil al-Murār] Ibn Hishām said: Al-Ashʿath b. Qays is of the offspring of Ākil al-Murār through the women, and Ākil al-Murār is al-Ḥārith b. ʿAmr b. Ḥujr b. ʿAmr b. Muʿāwiyah b. al-Ḥārith b. Muʿāwiyah b. Thawr b. Murattiʿ b. Muʿāwiyah b. Kindī, and it is said Kindah. He was called Ākil al-Murār because ʿAmr b. al-Habūlah al-Ghassānī raided them while al-Ḥārith was absent, and he took booty and captives. Among the captives was Umm Unās bt. ʿAwf b. Muḥallim al-Shaybānī, the wife of al-Ḥārith b. ʿAmr. She said to ʿAmr on his march: It is as if I see a man, dark and black, whose lips are like the lips of a camel eating murrār, who has seized you by the neck—meaning al-Ḥārith. Thus he was called Ākil al-Murār, and al-murār is a tree. Then al-Ḥārith pursued him with Banū Bakr b. Wāʾil, caught up with him, killed him, and rescued his wife and what he had taken. Al-Ḥārith b. Ḥillizah al-Yashkurī said to ʿAmr b. al-Mundhir, who is ʿAmr b. Hind al-Lakhmī: And we caused you to take retaliation for the lord of Ghassān with al-Mundhir, forcibly, when blood is not measured out. Because al-Ḥārith al-Aʿraj al-Ghassānī killed al-Mundhir, his father, and this verse is in an ode of his. This account is longer than what I have mentioned, and what prevented me from exhausting it is the cutting I mentioned. It is also said: Rather, Ākil al-Murār is Ḥujr b. ʿAmr b. Muʿāwiyah, and he is the protagonist of this account. He was called Ākil al-Murār because he and his companions ate, in that raid, a tree called al-murār.
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