Tarikh (al-Tabari) 1556
The Expedition of Tabūk
فَلَمَّا دَنَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مِنَ الْمَدِينَةِ خَرَجَ النَّاسُ لِتَلَقِّيهِ، وَخَرَجَ النِّسَاءُ وَالصِّبْيَانُ وَالْوَلَائِدُ يَقُلْنَ طَلَعَ الْبَدْرُ عَلَيْنَا مِنْ ثَنِيَّاتِ الْوَدَاعِ وَجَبَ الشُّكْرُ عَلَيْنَا مَا دَعَا لِلَّهِ دَاعِي وَبَعْضُ الرُّوَاةِ يَهِمُ فِي هَذَا وَيَقُولُ: إِنَّمَا كَانَ ذَلِكَ عِنْدَ مَقْدِمِهِ إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ مِنْ مَكَّةَ، وَهُوَ وَهْمٌ ظَاهِرٌ ; لِأَنَّ ثَنِيَّاتِ الْوَدَاعِ إِنَّمَا هِيَ مِنْ نَاحِيَةِ الشَّامِ لَا يَرَاهَا الْقَادِمُ مِنْ مَكَّةَ إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ، وَلَا يَمُرُّ بِهَا إِلَّا إِذَا تَوَجَّهَ إِلَى الشَّامِ، فَلَمَّا أَشْرَفَ عَلَى الْمَدِينَةِ قَالَ: ( هَذِهِ طَابَةُ، وَهَذَا أُحُدٌ جَبَلٌ يُحِبُّنَا وَنُحِبُّهُ ) وجاء في ذِكْرُ مَا كَانَ مِنَ الْحَوَادِثِ بَعْدَ رُجُوعِهِ ﷺ إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ مُنْصَرَفَهُ مِنْ تَبُوكَ. أخرج الْحَافِظُ الْبَيْهَقِيُّ: بسنده عَنْ حُمَيْدِ بْنِ مُنْهِبٍ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ جَدِّي خُرَيْمَ بْنَ أَوْسِ بْنِ حَارِثَةَ بْنِ لَامٍ يَقُولُ: هَاجَرْتُ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ مُنْصَرَفَهُ مِنْ تَبُوكَ، فَسَمِعْتُ الْعَبَّاسَ بْنَ عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ يَقُولُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، إِنِّي أُرِيدُ أَنْ أَمْتَدِحَكَ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: قُلْ لَا يَفْضُضِ اللَّهُ فَاكَ. فَقَالَ: مِنْ قَبْلِهَا طِبْتَ فِي الظِّلَالِ وَفِي مُسْتَوْدَعٍ حَيْثُ يُخْصَفُ الْوَرَقُ ثُمَّ هَبَطْتَ الْبِلَادَ لَا بَشَرٌ أَنْتَ وَلَا مُضْغَةٌ وَلَا عَلَقُ بَلْ نُطْفَةٌ تَرْكَبُ السَّفِينَ وَقَدْ أَلْجَمَ نَسْرًا وَأهْلَهُ الْغَرَقُ تُنْقَلُ مِنْ صَالِبٍ إِلَى رَحِمٍ إِذَا مَضَى عَالَمٌ بَدَا طَبَقُ حَتَّى احْتَوَى بَيْتَكَ الْمُهَيْمِنُ مِنْ خِنْدِفَ عَلْيَاءَ تَحْتَهَا النُّطُقُ وَأَنْتَ لَمَّا وُلِدْتَ أَشْرَقَتِ الْأَرْ ضُ وَضَاءَتْ بِنُورِكَ الْأُفُقُ فَنَحْنُ فِي ذَلِكَ الضِّيَاءِ وَفِي النُّورِ وَسُبْلِ الرَّشَادِ نَخْتَرِقُ وَرَوَاهُ الْبَيْهَقِيُّ مِنْ طَرِيقٍ أُخْرَى، عَنْ أَبِي السُّكَيْنِ زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ يَحْيَى الطَّائِيُّ وَهُوَ فِي جُزْءٍ لَهُ مَرْوِيٌّ عَنْهُ. قَالَ الْبَيْهَقِيُّ: وَزَادَ: ثُمَّ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: " هَذِهِ الْحِيرَةُ الْبَيْضَاءُ رُفِعَتْ لِي، وَهَذِهِ الشَّيْمَاءُ بِنْتُ بُقَيْلَةَ الْأَزْدِيَّةُ عَلَى بَغْلَةٍ شَهْبَاءَ مُعْتَجِرَةٍ بِخِمَارٍ أَسْوَدَ ". فَقُلْتُ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، إِنْ نَحْنُ دَخَلْنَا الْحِيرَةَ فَوَجَدْتُهَا كَمَا تَصِفُ فَهِيَ لِي ؟ قَالَ: " هِيَ لَكَ ". فائدة في إنشاد الشعر للقادم فرحا به قال ابن القيم رحمه الله تعالى: جَوَازُ إِنْشَادِ الشِّعْرِ لِلْقَادِمِ فَرَحًا وَسُرُورًا بِهِ ، مَا لَمْ يَكُنْ مَعَهُ مُحَرَّمٌ مِنْ لَهْوٍ كَمِزْمَارٍ وَشَبَّابَةٍ وَعُودٍ، وَلَمْ يَكُنْ غِنَاءً يَتَضَمَّنْ رُقْيَةَ الْفَوَاحِشِ وَمَا حَرَّمَ اللَّهُ، فَهَذَا لَا يُحَرِّمُهُ أَحَدٌ، وَتَعَلُّقُ أَرْبَابِ السَّمَاعِ الْفِسْقِيِّ بِهِ، كَتَعَلُّقِ مَنْ يَسْتَحِلُّ شُرْبَ الْخَمْرِ الْمُسْكِرِ قِيَاسًا عَلَى أَكْلِ الْعِنَبِ وَشُرْبِ الْعَصِيرِ الَّذِي لَا يُسْكِرُ، وَنَحْوِ هَذَا مِنَ الْقِيَاسَاتِ الَّتِي تُشْبِهُ قِيَاسَ الَّذِينَ قَالُوا: ( إِنَّمَا الْبَيْعُ مِثْلُ الرِّبَا ) وَمِنْهَا: اسْتِمَاعُ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مَدْحَ الْمَادِحِينَ لَهُ وَتَرْكُ الْإِنْكَارِ عَلَيْهِمْ، وَلَا يَصِحُّ قِيَاسُ غَيْرِهِ عَلَيْهِ فِي هَذَا ; لِمَا بَيْنَ الْمَادِحِينَ وَالْمَمْدُوحِينَ مِنَ الْفُرُوقِ، وَقَدْ قَالَ: ( احْثُوا فِي وُجُوهِ الْمَدَّاحِينَ التُّرَابَ )
Translation
✧ When the Messenger of God ﷺ drew near to Madinah, the people went out to meet him, and the women, boys, and slave-girls came out saying: The full moon has risen upon us from the Thaniyyāt al-Wadāʿ; gratitude is incumbent upon us as long as a caller calls to God. Some of the transmitters err in this and say: That only occurred upon his arrival in Madinah from Makkah, and that is an evident error; for the Thaniyyāt al-Wadāʿ are only on the side of Syria, not seen by one arriving from Makkah to Madinah, and one does not pass by them except when heading to Syria. When he overlooked Madinah, he said: (This is Ṭābah, and this is Uḥud, a mountain that loves us and we love it.) And in mentioning what events occurred after his ﷺ return to Madinah on his departure from Tabūk. Al-Ḥāfiẓ al-Bayhaqī transmitted with his chain of narration from Ḥumayd b. Munhib, who said: I heard my grandfather Khuraym b. Aws b. Ḥārithah b. Lām say: I emigrated to the Messenger of God ﷺ upon his return from Tabūk, and I heard al-ʿAbbās b. ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib say: O Messenger of God, I wish to praise you. The Messenger of God ﷺ said: Speak; may God not break your mouth. He said: Before it you were good in the shadows and in a repository where leaves were stitched; then you descended to the lands—no human were you, nor a lump of flesh, nor a clot of blood; rather a drop that rode the ship, and already Nasr and its people were bridled with drowning. You were transferred from loins to wombs; when one world passed, another stratum appeared, until your house was encompassed by the Guardian from Khindif's heights beneath which are girdles. And you, when you were born, the earth shone and the horizon glowed with your light; so we, in that radiance and in the light and the paths of right guidance, pass through. Al-Bayhaqī related it from another route from Abū al-Sukayn Zakariyyā b. Yaḥyā al-Ṭāʾī, and it is in a part of his that is narrated from him. Al-Bayhaqī said: And he added: Then the Messenger of God ﷺ said: "This white Ḥīrah has been raised up for me, and this is al-Shaymāʾ bt. Buqaylah al-Azdiyyah on a gray mule, veiled with a black khimār." I said: O Messenger of God, if we enter al-Ḥīrah and I find her as you describe, is she mine? He said: "She is yours." A benefit concerning reciting poetry for one arriving out of joy for him. Ibn al-Qayyim, may God have mercy on him, said: The permissibility of reciting poetry for one arriving out of joy and delight at him, as long as no forbidden diversion accompanies it such as a reed pipe, a flute, or a lute, and it is not singing that includes incitement to obscenities and what God has forbidden—this no one forbids. The attachment of practitioners of sinful listening to it is like the attachment of one who deems drinking intoxicating wine permissible by analogy to eating grapes and drinking juice that does not intoxicate, and similar analogies that resemble the analogy of those who said: (Trade is only like usury). And among them: the Prophet's ﷺ listening to the praise of those who praised him and refraining from censuring them, and it is not valid to analogize others to him in this, because of the differences between praisers and praised ones. He said: (Throw dust in the faces of the praisers.)
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