Tarikh (al-Tabari) 1543
The Expedition of Tabūk
ذِكْرُ خُطْبَتِهِ، عَلَيْهِ الصَّلَاةُ وَالسَّلَامُ، إِلَى تَبُوكَ إِلَى نَخْلَةٍ هُنَاكَ. رَوَى الْأَمَامُ أَحْمَدُ عَنْ أَبِي النَّضْرِ هَاشِمِ بْنِ الْقَاسِمِ وَيُونُسَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ الْمُؤَدِّبِ وَحَجَّاجِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ ثَلَاثَتُهُمْ عَنِ اللَّيْثِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ أَبِي حَبِيبٍ عَنْ أَبِي الْخَيْرِ عَنْ أَبِي الْخَطَّابِ عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَامَ تَبُوكَ خَطَبَ النَّاسَ وَهُوَ مُسْنِدٌ ظَهْرَهُ إِلَى نَخْلَةٍ فَقَالَ: " أَلَا أُخْبِرُكُمْ بِخَيْرِ النَّاسِ وَشَرِّ النَّاسِ ؟ إِنَّ مِنْ خَيْرِ النَّاسِ رَجُلًا عَمِلَ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ عَلَى ظَهْرِ فَرَسِهِ، أَوْ عَلَى ظَهْرِ بَعِيرِهِ، أَوْ عَلَى قَدَمَيْهِ، حَتَّى يَأْتِيَهُ الْمَوْتُ، وَإِنَّ مِنْ شَرِّ النَّاسِ رَجُلًا فَاجِرًا جَرِيئًا يَقْرَأُ كِتَابَ اللَّهِ لَا يَرْعَوِي إِلَى شَيْءٍ مِنْهُ " وذَكَرَ البيهقي فِي " الدَّلَائِلِ "، والحاكم مِنْ حَدِيثِ عُقْبَةَ بْنِ عَامِرٍ قَالَ: ( خَرَجْنَا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي غَزْوَةِ تَبُوكَ،... فَأَصْبَحَ بِتَبُوكَ، فَحَمِدَ اللَّهَ وَأَثْنَى عَلَيْهِ بِمَا هُوَ أَهْلُهُ ثُمَّ قَالَ: أَمَّا بَعْدُ ! فَإِنَّ أَصْدَقَ الْحَدِيثِ كِتَابُ اللَّهِ، وَأَوْثَقَ الْعُرَى كَلِمَةُ التَّقْوَى، وَخَيْرَ الْمِلَلِ مِلَّةُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، وَخَيْرَ السُّنَنِ سُنَّةُ مُحَمَّدٍ، وَأَشْرَفَ الْحَدِيثِ ذِكْرُ اللَّهِ، وَأَحْسَنَ الْقَصَصِ هَذَا الْقُرْآنُ، وَخَيْرَ الْأُمُورِ عَوَازِمُهَا، وَشَرَّ الْأُمُورِ مُحْدَثَاتُهَا، وَأَحْسَنَ الْهَدْيِ هَدْيُ الْأَنْبِيَاءِ، وَأَشْرَفَ الْمَوْتِ قَتْلُ الشُّهَدَاءِ، وَأَعْمَى الْعَمَى الضَّلَالَةُ بَعْدَ الْهُدَى، وَخَيْرَ الْأَعْمَالِ مَا نَفَعَ، وَخَيْرَ الْهُدَى مَا اتُّبِعَ، وَشَرَّ الْعَمَى عَمَى الْقَلْبِ، وَالْيَدُ الْعُلْيَا خَيْرٌ مِنَ الْيَدِ السُّفْلَى، وَمَا قَلَّ وَكَفَى خَيْرٌ مِمَّا كَثُرَ وَأَلْهَى، وَشَرُّ الْمَعْذِرَةِ حِينَ يَحْضُرُ الْمَوْتُ، وَشَرُّ النَّدَامَةِ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ، وَمِنَ النَّاسِ مَنْ لَا يَأْتِي الْجُمُعَةَ إِلَّا دُبُرًا، وَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ لَا يَذْكُرُ اللَّهَ إِلَّا هُجْرًا، وَمِنْ أَعْظَمِ الْخَطَايَا اللِّسَانُ الْكَذَّابُ، وَخَيْرُ الْغِنَى غِنَى النَّفْسِ، وَخَيْرُ الزَّادِ التَّقْوَى، وَرَأْسُ الْحُكْمِ مَخَافَةُ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ، وَخَيْرُ مَا وَقَرَ فِي الْقُلُوبِ الْيَقِينُ، وَالِارْتِيَابُ مِنَ الْكُفْرِ، وَالنِّيَاحَةُ مِنْ عَمَلِ الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ، وَالْغُلُولُ مِنْ جُثَا جَهَنَّمَ، وَالسُّكْرُ كَيٌّ مِنَ النَّارِ، وَالشِّعْرُ مِنْ إِبْلِيسَ، وَالْخَمْرُ جِمَاعُ الْإِثْمِ، وَشَرُّ الْمَأْكَلِ مَالُ الْيَتِيمِ، وَالسَّعِيدُ مَنْ وُعِظَ بِغَيْرِهِ، وَالشَّقِيُّ مَنْ شَقِيَ فِي بَطْنِ أُمِّهِ، وَإِنَّمَا يَصِيرُ أَحَدُكُمْ إِلَى مَوْضِعِ أَرْبَعَةِ أَذْرُعٍ، وَالْأَمْرُ إِلَى الْآخِرَةِ، وَمَلَاكُ الْعَمَلِ خَوَاتِمُهُ، وَشَرُّ الرَّوَايَا رَوَايَا الْكَذِبِ، وَكُلُّ مَا هُوَ آتٍ قَرِيبٌ، وَسِبَابُ الْمُؤْمِنِ فُسُوقٌ وَقِتَالُهُ كُفْرٌ، وَأَكْلُ لَحْمِهِ مِنْ مَعْصِيَةِ اللَّهِ، وَحُرْمَةُ مَالِهِ كَحُرْمَةِ دَمِهِ، وَمَنْ يَتَأَلَّ عَلَى اللَّهِ يُكَذِّبْهُ، وَمَنْ يَغْفِرْ يُغْفَرْ لَهُ، وَمَنْ يَعْفُ يَعْفُ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ، وَمَنْ يَكْظِمِ الْغَيْظَ يَأْجُرْهُ اللَّهُ، وَمَنْ يَصْبِرْ عَلَى الرَّزِيَّةِ يُعَوِّضْهُ اللَّهُ، وَمَنْ يَبْتَغِ السُّمْعَةَ يُسَمِّعِ اللَّهُ بِهِ، وَمَنْ يَتَصَبَّرْ يُضْعِفِ اللَّهُ لَهُ، وَمَنْ يَعْصِ اللَّهَ يُعَذِّبْهُ اللَّهُ، ثُمَّ اسْتَغْفَرَ ثَلَاثًا ) دعاء النبي ﷺ على من قطع صلاته عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ غَزْوَانَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ أَنَّهُ نَزَلَ بِتَبُوكَ وَهُوَ حَاجٌّ، فَإِذَا رَجُلٌ مُقْعَدٌ، فَسَأَلَهُ عَنْ أَمْرِهِ فَقَالَ: سَأُحَدِّثُكَ حَدِيثًا فَلَا تُحَدِّثْ بِهِ مَا سَمِعْتَ أَنِّي حَيٌّ ; إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ نَزَلَ بِتَبُوكَ إِلَى نَخْلَةٍ فَقَالَ: " هَذِهِ قِبْلَتُنَا ". ثُمَّ صَلَّى إِلَيْهَا. قَالَ: فَأَقْبَلْتُ وَأَنَا غُلَامٌ أَسْعَى حَتَّى مَرَرْتُ بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَهَا، فَقَالَ: " قَطَعَ صَلَاتَنَا قَطَعَ اللَّهُ أَثَرَهُ ". قَالَ: فَمَا قُمْتُ عَلَيْهَا إِلَى يَوْمِي هَذَا ثُمَّ رَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ مِنْ حَدِيثِ سَعِيدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ التَّنُوخِيِّ عَنْ مَوْلَى لِيَزِيدَ بْنِ نِمْرَانَ عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ نِمْرَانَ قَالَ: رَأَيْتُ بِتَبُوكَ مُقْعَدًا فَقَالَ: مَرَرْتُ بَيْنَ يَدَيْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَأَنَا عَلَى حِمَارٍ، وَهُوَ يُصَلِّي، فَقَالَ: " اللَّهُمَّ اقْطَعْ أَثَرَهُ ". فَمَا مَشَيْتُ عَلَيْهَا بَعْدُ وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ: " قَطَعَ صَلَاتَنَا قَطَعَ اللَّهُ أَثَرَهُ ".
Translation
✧ Mention of his ﷺ sermon at Tabūk, at a palm tree there. Imām Aḥmad narrated from Abū al-Naḍr Hāshim b. al-Qāsim, Yūnus b. Muḥammad al-Muʾaddib, and Ḥajjāj b. Muḥammad—all three from al-Layth b. Saʿd, from Yazīd b. Abī Ḥabīb, from Abū al-Khayr, from Abū al-Khaṭṭāb, from Abū Saʿīd al-Khudrī, that he said: In the year of Tabūk, the Messenger of God ﷺ addressed the people while leaning his back against a palm tree, and said: “Shall I not tell you of the best of people and the worst of people? Among the best of people is a man who strives in the path of God on the back of his horse, or on the back of his camel, or on his own two feet, until death comes to him. And among the worst of people is a sinful, bold man who recites the Book of God but does not refrain from any of it.” Al-Bayhaqī in al-Dalāʾil and al-Ḥākim mentioned from the ḥadīth of ʿUqbah b. ʿĀmir, who said: We went out with the Messenger of God ﷺ on the expedition of Tabūk... and he arrived at Tabūk in the morning, praised God and lauded Him as He deserves, then said: “Now then! The truest speech is the Book of God, the firmest handhold is the word of piety, the best religion is the religion of Ibrāhīm, the best sunnah is the sunnah of Muḥammad, the noblest speech is the remembrance of God, the finest narrative is this Qurʾān, the best of matters are their resolutions, the worst of matters are their innovations, the best guidance is the guidance of the prophets, the noblest death is the killing of martyrs, the blindest blindness is misguidance after guidance, the best of deeds is what benefits, the best guidance is what is followed, the worst blindness is blindness of the heart, the upper hand is better than the lower hand, and what is little but sufficient is better than what is much but distracting, the worst excuse is when death is present, the worst regret is on the Day of Resurrection, among people are some who do not come to Friday prayer except from behind, and among them are some who do not remember God except in idle talk, among the greatest of sins is the lying tongue, the best wealth is wealth of the soul, the best provision is piety, the essence of wisdom is fear of God, Mighty and Majestic, the best thing settled in hearts is certainty, doubt is from disbelief, wailing is from the deeds of the Age of Ignorance, embezzlement is from the embers of Hell, drunkenness is a burning from the Fire, poetry is from Iblīs, wine is the sum of all sin, the worst thing eaten is the property of an orphan, the fortunate one is he who takes a lesson from others, the wretched one is he who is wretched in his mother’s womb, each of you will come to a place of four cubits, the matter is to the Hereafter, the criterion of deeds is their endings, the worst of canteens are the canteens of falsehood, everything that is coming is near, insulting a believer is wickedness and fighting him is disbelief, eating his flesh is from disobedience to God, the sanctity of his property is like the sanctity of his blood, whoever swears by God will be proven false, whoever forgives will be forgiven, whoever pardons God will pardon him, whoever suppresses anger God will reward him, whoever bears calamity patiently God will compensate him, whoever seeks renown God will make him heard of, whoever feigns patience God will double for him, whoever disobeys God God will punish him.” Then he sought forgiveness three times. The supplication of the Prophet ﷺ against the one who interrupted his prayer: From Saʿīd b. Ghazwān, from his father, that he stopped at Tabūk while on pilgrimage, and there was a paralyzed man. He asked him about his condition, and he said: I will tell you a ḥadīth—do not relate it as long as you hear that I am alive: The Messenger of God ﷺ stopped at Tabūk at a palm tree and said, “This is our qiblah.” Then he prayed facing it. He said: I came running as a boy and passed between him and it. He said, “He has cut off our prayer; may God cut off his trace.” He said: I have not stood on them to this day of mine. Then Abū Dāwūd narrated it from the ḥadīth of Saʿīd b. ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz al-Tanūkhī, from a client of Yazīd b. Nimrān, from Yazīd b. Nimrān, who said: I saw at Tabūk a paralyzed man, and he said: I passed in front of the Messenger of God ﷺ while I was on a donkey, and he was praying. He said, “O God, cut off his trace.” I have not walked on them since. And in another narration: “He has cut off our prayer; may God cut off his trace.”
Grades by grader
No grade is recorded for this wording. Ask what scholars say about its grade