Tarikh (al-Tabari) 1538
The Expedition of Tabūk
ذِكْرُ مُرُورِهِ ﷺ فِي ذَهَابِهِ إِلَى تَبُوكَ بِمَسَاكِنِ ثَمُودَ وَصَرْحَتِهِمْ بِالْحِجْرِ. فَعَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ حِينَ مَرَّ بِالْحِجْرِ وَنَزَلَهَا اسْتَقَى النَّاسُ مِنْ بِئْرِهَا، فَلَمَّا رَاحُوا مِنْهَا قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ لِلنَّاسِ: " لَا تَشْرَبُوا مِنْ مَائِهَا شَيْئًا، وَلَا تَتَوَضَّئُوا مِنْهُ لِلصَّلَاةِ، وَمَا كَانَ مِنْ عَجِينٍ عَجَنْتُمُوهُ فَأَعْلِفُوهُ الْإِبِلَ وَلَا تَأْكُلُوا مِنْهُ شَيْئًا، وَلَا يَخْرُجَنَّ أَحَدٌ مِنْكُمُ اللَّيْلَةَ إِلَّا وَمَعَهُ صَاحِبٌ لَهُ ". فَفَعَلَ النَّاسُ مَا أَمَرَهُمْ بِهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِلَّا رَجُلَيْنِ مِنْ بَنِي سَاعِدَةَ، خَرَجَ أَحَدُهُمَا لِحَاجَتِهِ، وَخَرَجَ الْآخَرُ فِي طَلَبِ بَعَيرٍ لَهُ ; فَأَمَّا الَّذِي ذَهَبَ لِحَاجَتِهِ، فَإِنَّهُ خُنِقَ عَلَى مَذْهَبِهِ، وَأَمَّا الَّذِي ذَهَبَ فِي طَلَبِ بَعِيرِهِ، فَاحْتَمَلَتْهُ الرِّيحُ حَتَّى أَلْقَتْهُ بِجَبَلَيْ طَيِّئٍ، فَأُخْبِرَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِذَلِكَ فَقَالَ: " أَلَمْ أَنْهَكُمْ أَنْ يَخْرُجَ رَجُلٌ إِلَّا وَمَعَهُ صَاحِبٌ لَهُ ؟ " ثُمَّ دَعَا لِلَّذِي أُصِيبَ عَلَى مَذْهَبِهِ فَشُفِيَ، وَأَمَّا الْآخَرُ فَإِنَّهُ وَصَلَ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ بَعْدَ مَرْجِعِهِ مِنْ تَبُوكَ - وَفِي رِوَايَةِ زِيَادٍ عَنِ ابْنِ إِسْحَاقَ أَنَّ طَيِّئًا أَهْدَتْهُ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ حِينَ رَجَعَ إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ وعَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ قَالَ: " نَزَلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِالنَّاسِ عَامَ تَبُوكَ الْحِجْرَ عِنْدَ بُيُوتِ ثَمُودَ، فَاسْتَقَى النَّاسُ مِنَ الْآبَارِ الَّتِي كَانَتْ تَشْرَبُ مِنْهَا ثَمُودُ، فَعَجَنُوا وَنَصَبُوا الْقُدُورَ بِاللَّحْمِ، فَأَمَرَهُمْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَأَهْرَقُوا الْقُدُورَ، وَعَلَفُوا الْعَجِينَ الْإِبِلَ، ثُمَّ ارْتَحَلَ بِهِمْ حَتَّى نَزَلَ بِهِمْ عَلَى الْبِئْرِ الَّتِي كَانَتْ تَشْرَبُ مِنْهَا النَّاقَةُ، وَنَهَاهُمْ أَنْ يَدْخُلُوا عَلَى الْقَوْمِ الَّذِينَ عُذِّبُوا فَقَالَ: إِنِّي أَخْشَى أَنْ يُصِيبَكُمْ مِثْلُ مَا أَصَابَهُمْ فَلَا تَدْخُلُوا عَلَيْهِمْ " وَهَذَا الْحَدِيثُ إِسْنَادُهُ عَلَى شَرْطِ " الصَّحِيحَيْنِ " مِنْ هَذَا الْوَجْهِ، وَلَمْ يُخْرِجُوهُ. فَفِي " الصَّحِيحَيْنِ " مِنْ حَدِيثِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: ( لَا تَدْخُلُوا عَلَى هَؤُلَاءِ الْقَوْمِ الْمُعَذَّبِينَ إِلَّا أَنْ تَكُونُوا بَاكِينَ، فَإِنْ لَمْ تَكُونُوا بَاكِينَ فَلَا تَدْخُلُوا عَلَيْهِمْ، لَا يُصِيبُكُمْ مِثْلُ مَا أَصَابَهُمْ ). وعَنْ جَابِرٍ قَالَ: لَمَّا مَرَّ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ بِالْحِجْرِ قَالَ: " لَا تَسْأَلُوا الْآيَاتِ، فَقَدْ سَأَلَهَا قَوْمُ صَالِحٍ فَكَانَتْ تَرِدُ مِنْ هَذَا الْفَجِّ، وَتَصْدُرُ مِنْ هَذَا الْفَجِّ، فَعَتَوْا عَنْ أَمْرِ رَبِّهِمْ فَعَقَرُوهَا، وَكَانَتْ تَشْرَبُ مَاءَهُمْ يَوْمًا وَيَشْرَبُونَ لَبَنَهَا يَوْمًا، فَعَقَرُوهَا، فَأَخَذَتْهُمْ صَيْحَةٌ، أَهْمَدَ اللَّهُ مِنْ تَحْتِ أَدِيمِ السَّمَاءِ مِنْهُمْ، إِلَّا رَجُلًا وَاحِدًا كَانَ فِي حَرَمِ اللَّهِ " قِيلَ: مَنْ هُوَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ؟ قَالَ: " هُوَ أَبُو رِغَالٍ فَلَمَّا خَرَجَ مِنَ الْحَرَمِ أَصَابَهُ مَا أَصَابَ قَوْمَهُ " إِسْنَادُهُ صَحِيحٌ، وَلَمْ يُخَرِّجُوهُ. وعَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي كَبْشَةَ الْأَنْمَارِيِّ عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: لَمَّا كَانَ فِي غَزْوَةِ تَبُوكَ تَسَارَعَ النَّاسُ إِلَى أَهْلِ الْحِجْرِ يَدْخُلُونَ عَلَيْهِمْ، فَبَلَغَ ذَلِكَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَنُودِيَ فِي النَّاسِ: الصَّلَاةُ جَامِعَةٌ. قَالَ: فَأَتَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَهُوَ مُمْسِكٌ بَعِيرَهُ وَهُوَ يَقُولُ: " مَا تَدْخُلُونَ عَلَى قَوْمٍ غَضِبَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِمْ ؟ " فَنَادَاهُ رَجُلٌ مِنْهُمْ: نَعْجَبُ مِنْهُمْ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ. قَالَ: " أَفَلَا أُنَبِّئُكُمْ بِأَعْجَبَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ ؟ رَجُلٌ مِنْ أَنْفُسِكُمْ يُنَبِّئُكُمْ بِمَا كَانَ قَبْلَكُمْ وَمَا هُوَ كَائِنٌ بَعْدَكُمْ، فَاسْتَقِيمُوا وَسَدِّدُوا، فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ لَا يَعْبَأُ بِعَذَابِكُمْ شَيْئًا، وَسَيَأْتِي قَوْمٌ لَا يَدْفَعُونَ عَنْ أَنْفُسِهِمْ شَيْئًا ". إِسْنَادُهُ حَسَنٌ وَلَمْ يُخْرِجُوهُ. حب النبي ﷺ لجبل أحد وثناؤه على دور الأنصار عَنْ أَبِي حُمَيْدٍ السَّاعِدِيِّ قَالَ: خَرَجْنَا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَامَ تَبُوكَ حَتَّى جِئْنَا وَادِيَ الْقُرَى، فَإِذَا امْرَأَةٌ فِي حَدِيقَةٍ لَهَا ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ لِأَصْحَابِهِ: " اخْرُصُوا ". فَخَرَصَ الْقَوْمُ وَخَرَصَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَشَرَةَ أَوْسُقٍ، وَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ لِلْمَرْأَةِ: " أَحْصِي مَا يَخْرُجُ مِنْهَا حَتَّى أَرْجِعَ إِلَيْكِ إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ ". قَالَ: فَخَرَجَ حَتَّى قَدِمَ تَبُوكَ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: " إِنَّهَا سَتَهُبُّ عَلَيْكُمُ اللَّيْلَةَ رِيحٌ شَدِيدَةٌ، فَلَا يَقُومَنَّ فِيهَا رَجُلٌ، فَمَنْ كَانَ لَهُ بَعِيرٌ فَلْيُوثِقْ عِقَالَهُ ". قَالَ أَبُو حُمَيْدٍ فَعَقَلْنَاهَا، فَلَمَّا كَانَ مِنَ اللَّيْلِ، هَبَّتْ عَلَيْنَا رِيحٌ شَدِيدَةٌ، فَقَامَ فِيهَا رَجُلٌ فَأَلْقَتْهُ فِي جَبَلِ طَيِّئٍ، ثُمَّ جَاءَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ مَلِكُ أَيْلَةَ، فَأَهْدَى لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ بَغْلَةً بَيْضَاءَ، وَكَسَاهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ بُرْدًا، وَكَتَبَ لَهُ بِبَحْرِهِمْ، ثُمَّ أَقْبَلَ وَأَقْبَلْنَا مَعَهُ، حَتَّى جِئْنَا وَادِيَ الْقُرَى، فَقَالَ لِلْمَرْأَةِ: " كَمْ جَاءَتْ حَدِيقَتُكِ ؟ " قَالَتْ: عَشَرَةُ أَوْسُقٍ، خَرْصَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ. فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: " إِنِّي مُتَعَجِّلٌ، فَمَنْ أَحَبَّ مِنْكُمْ أَنْ يَتَعَجَّلَ فَلْيَفْعَلْ ". قَالَ: فَخَرَجَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ وَخَرَجْنَا مَعَهُ، حَتَّى إِذَا أَوْفَى عَلَى الْمَدِينَةِ قَالَ: " هَذِهِ طَابَةُ ". فَلَمَّا رَأَى أُحُدًا قَالَ: " هَذَا أُحُدٌ يُحِبُّنَا وَنُحِبُّهُ أَلَا أُخْبِرُكُمْ بِخَيْرِ دُورِ الْأَنْصَارِ ؟ " قُلْنَا: بَلَى يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ. قَالَ: " خَيْرُ دُورِ الْأَنْصَارِ بَنُو النَّجَّارِ، ثُمَّ دَارُ بَنِي عَبْدِ الْأَشْهَلِ ثُمَّ دَارُ بَنِي سَاعِدَةَ ثُمَّ فِي كُلِّ دُورِ الْأَنْصَارِ خَيْرٌ ".
Translation
✧ Mention of his ﷺ passing by the dwellings of Thamūd and their palace at al-Ḥijr on his way to Tabūk. It is related from Sahl b. Saʿd that when the Messenger of God ﷺ passed by al-Ḥijr and encamped there, the people drew water from its well. When they departed from it, the Messenger of God ﷺ said to the people: "Do not drink any of its water, and do not perform ablution with it for prayer. Whatever dough you have kneaded, feed it to the camels and do not eat any of it. And let no one of you go out tonight except with a companion." So the people did what the Messenger of God ﷺ commanded them, except for two men of Banū Sāʿidah. One of them went out to relieve himself, and the other went out in search of a camel of his. As for the one who went to relieve himself, he was choked on his way. As for the one who went in search of his camel, the wind carried him until it cast him down at the two mountains of Ṭayyiʾ. The Messenger of God ﷺ was informed of that, and he said: "Did I not forbid any man to go out except with a companion?" Then he supplicated for the one who had been afflicted on his way, and he was healed. As for the other, he reached the Messenger of God ﷺ after his return from Tabūk—and in Ziyād's narration from Ibn Isḥāq, Ṭayyiʾ presented him to the Messenger of God ﷺ when he returned to Madinah. And from Ibn ʿUmar, he said: "The Messenger of God ﷺ encamped with the people in the year of Tabūk at al-Ḥijr, near the houses of Thamūd. The people drew water from the wells from which Thamūd used to drink, and they kneaded dough and set up pots with meat. The Messenger of God ﷺ commanded them, so they emptied the pots and fed the dough to the camels. Then he departed with them until he encamped with them at the well from which the she-camel used to drink. And he forbade them to enter upon the people who had been punished, saying: 'Indeed I fear that the like of what befell them may befall you, so do not enter upon them.'" This hadith's chain is according to the condition of the two Ṣaḥīḥs from this route, but they did not include it. In the two Ṣaḥīḥs from the hadith of Ibn ʿUmar, that the Messenger of God ﷺ said: "Do not enter upon these punished people unless you are weeping. If you are not weeping, then do not enter upon them, lest the like of what befell them befall you." And from Jābir, he said: When the Prophet ﷺ passed by al-Ḥijr, he said: "Do not ask for signs, for the people of Ṣāliḥ asked for them, and she would come down from this mountain pass and depart from this mountain pass. But they rebelled against the command of their Lord and hamstrung her. She would drink their water one day, and they would drink her milk one day. Then they hamstrung her, and a cry seized them, and God destroyed all of them under the canopy of the sky except one man who was in the sanctuary of God." It was said: Who is he, O Messenger of God? He said: "He is Abū Righāl. When he left the sanctuary, what befell his people befell him." Its chain is sound, but they did not include it. And from Muḥammad b. Abī Kabshah al-Anmārī, from his father, he said: During the expedition of Tabūk, the people hurried to the people of al-Ḥijr, entering upon them. That reached the Messenger of God ﷺ, and it was announced among the people: "The prayer is gathering." He said: I came to the Messenger of God ﷺ while he was holding his camel, and he was saying: "Do you enter upon a people with whom God is angry?" A man among them called out to him: We marvel at them, O Messenger of God. He said: "Shall I not tell you of something more marvellous than that? A man from among yourselves who tells you of what was before you and what will be after you. So be upright and adhere to the right course, for God does not care at all about your punishment. And a people will come who cannot ward off anything from themselves." Its chain is good, but they did not include it. The Prophet's ﷺ love for Mount Uḥud and his praise of the dwellings of the Anṣār. From Abū Ḥumayd al-Sāʿidī, he said: We went out with the Messenger of God ﷺ in the year of Tabūk until we came to Wādī al-Qurā, and there was a woman in a garden of hers. The Messenger of God ﷺ said to his companions: "Estimate." So the people estimated, and the Messenger of God ﷺ estimated ten awsuq. And the Messenger of God ﷺ said to the woman: "Count what comes out of it until I return to you, if God wills." He said: He went out until he arrived at Tabūk, and the Messenger of God ﷺ said: "A strong wind will blow upon you tonight, so let no man stand in it. Whoever has a camel, let him tie its hobble." Abū Ḥumayd said: We hobbled them. When it was night, a strong wind blew upon us, and a man stood in it, and it cast him into the mountain of Ṭayyiʾ. Then the king of Aylah came to the Messenger of God ﷺ and gave him a white mule, and the Messenger of God ﷺ clothed him with a striped cloak and wrote for him regarding their sea. Then he returned, and we returned with him, until we came to Wādī al-Qurā. He said to the woman: "How much did your garden produce?" She said: Ten awsuq, the estimate of the Messenger of God ﷺ. The Messenger of God ﷺ said: "I am hastening, so whoever of you wishes to hasten may do so." He said: The Messenger of God ﷺ departed, and we departed with him, until when he overlooked Madinah, he said: "This is Ṭābah." When he saw Uḥud, he said: "This is Uḥud, which loves us and we love it. Shall I not tell you of the best dwellings of the Anṣār?" We said: Yes, O Messenger of God. He said: "The best dwellings of the Anṣār are Banū al-Najjār, then the dwelling of Banū ʿAbd al-Ashhal, then the dwelling of Banū Sāʿidah, and in every dwelling of the Anṣār there is good."
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