Tarikh (al-Tabari) 1529
The ʿUmrah of al-Jiʿrānah
[ اعْتِمَارُ الرَّسُولِ وَاسْتِخْلَافُهُ ابْنَ أُسَيْدٍ عَلَى مَكَّةَ ] قَالَ ابْنُ إسْحَاقَ: ثُمَّ خَرَجَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مِنْ الْجِعْرَانَةِ مُعْتَمِرًا، وَأَمَرَ بِبَقَايَا الْفَيْءِ فَحُبِسَ بِمَجَنَّةَ، بِنَاحِيَةِ مَرِّ الظَّهْرَانِ وَقَالَ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ: ثَنَا رَوْحٌ ثَنَا ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ أَخْبَرَنِي مُزَاحِمُ بْنُ أَبِي مُزَاحِمٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عَنْ مُخَرِّشٍ الْكَعْبِيِّ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ خَرَجَ مِنَ الْجِعْرَانَةِ لَيْلًا حِينَ أَمْسَى مُعْتَمِرًا، فَدَخَلَ مَكَّةَ لَيْلًا يَقْضِي عُمْرَتَهُ، ثُمَّ خَرَجَ مِنْ تَحْتِ لَيْلَتِهِ فَأَصْبَحَ بِالْجِعْرَانَةِ كَبَائِتٍ، حَتَّى إِذَا زَالَتِ الشَّمْسُ خَرَجَ مِنَ الْجِعْرَانَةِ فِي بَطْنِ سَرِفٍ، حَتَّى جَامَعَ الطَّرِيقَ طَرِيقَ الْمَدِينَةِ بِسَرِفٍ. قَالَ مُخَرِّشٌ: فَلِذَلِكَ خَفِيَتْ عُمْرَتُهُ عَلَى كَثِيرٍ مِنَ النَّاسِ فهو ﷺ أَحْرَمَ مِنَ الْجِعِرَّانَةِ بِعُمْرَةٍ ، وَكَانَ دَاخِلًا إِلَى مَكَّةَ، وَهَذِهِ هِيَ السُّنَّةُ لِمَنْ دَخَلَهَا مِنْ طَرِيقِ الطَّائِفِ وَمَا يَلِيهِ، وَأَمَّا مَا يَفْعَلُهُ كَثِيرٌ مِمَّنْ لَا عِلْمَ عِنْدَهُمْ مِنَ الْخُرُوجِ مِنْ مَكَّةَ إِلَى الْجِعِرَّانَةِ لِيُحْرِمَ مِنْهَا بِعُمْرَةٍ، ثُمَّ يَرْجِعُ إِلَيْهَا، فَهَذَا لَمْ يَفْعَلْهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَلَا أَحَدٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِهِ الْبَتَّةَ، وَلَا اسْتَحَبَّهُ أَحَدٌ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ، وَإِنَّمَا يَفْعَلُهُ عَوَامُّ النَّاسِ، زَعَمُوا أَنَّهُ اقْتِدَاءٌ بِالنَّبِيِّ ﷺ وَغَلِطُوا، فَإِنَّهُ إِنَّمَا أَحْرَمَ مِنْهَا دَاخِلًا إِلَى مَكَّةَ، وَلَمْ يَخْرُجْ مِنْهَا إِلَى الْجِعِرَّانَةِ لِيُحْرِمَ مِنْهَا، فَهَذَا لَوْنٌ، وَسُنَّتُهُ لَوْنٌ، وَبِاللَّهِ التَّوْفِيقُ. وَقَالَ أَبُو دَاوُدَ: ثَنَا مُوسَى أَبُو سَلَمَةَ ثَنَا حَمَّادٌ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ خُثَيْمٍ عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍأَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَأَصْحَابَهُ اعْتَمَرُوا مِنَ الْجِعْرَانَةِ، فَرْمَلُوا بِالْبَيْتِ ثَلَاثًا وَمَشَوْا أَرْبَعًا، وَجَعَلُوا أَرْدِيَتَهُمْ تَحْتَ آبَاطِهِمْ، ثُمَّ قَذَفُوهَا عَلَى عَوَاتِقِهِمُ الْيُسْرَى. وَقَالَ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ: ثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ سَعِيدٍ عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ حَدَّثَنِي حَسَنُ بْنُ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ طَاوُسٍ أَنَّ ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ أَخْبَرَهُ أَنَّ مُعَاوِيَةَ أَخْبَرَهُ قَالَ: قَصَّرْتُ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِمِشْقَصٍ أَوْ قَالَ: رَأَيْتُهُ يُقَصِّرُ عَنْهُ بِمِشْقَصٍ عِنْدَ الْمَرْوَةِ. وَقَدْ أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي " الصَّحِيحَيْنِ " مِنْ حَدِيثِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ بِهِ. وَقَالَ الْبُخَارِيُّ: ثَنَا يَعْقُوبُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ ثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ ثَنَا ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ أَخْبَرَنِي عَطَاءُ بْنُ صَفْوَانَ بْنِ يَعْلَى بْنِ أُمَيَّةَ أَخْبَرَهُ أَنَّ يَعْلَى كَانَ يَقُولُ: لَيْتَنِي أَرَى رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ حِينَ يَنْزِلُ عَلَيْهِ. قَالَ: فَبَيْنَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِالْجِعْرَانَةِ وَعَلَيْهِ ثَوْبٌ قَدْ أُظِلَّ بِهِ، مَعَهُ فِيهِ نَاسٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِهِ، إِذْ جَاءَهُ أَعْرَابِيٌّ عَلَيْهِ جُبَّةٌ مُتَضَمِّخٌ بِطِيبٍ، فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، كَيْفَ تَرَى فِي رَجُلٍ أَحْرَمَ بِعُمْرَةٍ فِي جُبَّةٍ بَعْدَ مَا تَضَمَّخَ بِالطِّيبِ؟ فَأَشَارَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ إِلَى يَعْلَى بِيَدِهِ أَنْ تَعَالَ، فَجَاءَ يَعْلَى فَأَدْخَلَ رَأْسَهُ، فَإِذَا النَّبِيُّ ﷺ مُحْمَرُّ الْوَجْهِ يَغِطُّ كَذَلِكَ سَاعَةً، ثُمَّ سُرِّيَ عَنْهُ، فَقَالَ: " أَيْنَ الَّذِي يَسْأَلُنِي عَنِ الْعُمْرَةِ آنِفًا؟ فَالْتُمِسَ الرَّجُلُ فَأُتِيَ بِهِ، قَالَ: " أَمَّا الطِّيبُ الَّذِي بِكَ فَاغْسِلْهُ ثَلَاثَ مَرَّاتٍ، وَأَمَّا الْجُبَّةُ فَانْزِعْهَا، ثُمَّ اصْنَعْ فِي عُمْرَتِكَ كَمَا تَصْنَعُ فِي حَجِّكَ ". فَلَمَّا فَرَغَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مِنْ عُمْرَتِهِ انْصَرَفَ رَاجِعًا إلَى الْمَدِينَةِ وَاسْتَخْلَفَ عَتَّابَ - بِالْمُهْمَلَةِ وَتَشْدِيدِ الْفَوْقِيَّةِ وَبِالْمُوَحَّدَةِ - ابْنَ أَسِيدٍ بِالدَّالِ - كَأَمِيرٍ - عَلَى مَكَّةَ - وَكَانَ عُمْرُهُ حِينَئِذٍ نَيِّفًا وَعِشْرِينَ سَنَةً - وَخَلَّفَ مَعَهُ مُعَاذَ بْنَ جَبَلٍ - زَادَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عُمَرَ وَالْحَاكِمُ: وَأَبَا مُوسَى الْأَشْعَرِيَّ - ؓ يُعَلِّمَانِ النَّاسَ الْقُرْآنَ وَالْفِقْهَ فِي الدِّينِ، وَذَكَرَ عُرْوَةُ بْنُ عُقْبَةَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ خَلَّفَ عَتَّابًا وَمُعَاذًا بِمَكَّةَ قَبْلَ خُرُوجِهِ إِلَى هَوَازِنَ، ثُمَّ خَلَّفَهُمَا حِينَ رَجَعَ إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ. قَالَ ابْنُ هِشَامٍ: وَبَلَغَنِي عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ - رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى - أَنَّهُ قَالَ: لَمَّا اسْتَعْمَلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَتَّابًا عَلَى مَكَّةَ رَزَقَهُ كُلَّ يَوْمٍ دِرْهَمًا، فَقَامَ فَخَطَبَ النَّاسَ فَقَالَ: "أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ، أَجَاعَ اللَّهُ كَبِدَ مَنْ جَاعَ عَلَى دِرْهَمٍ ! ! فَقَدْ رَزَقَنِي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ دِرْهَمًا كُلَّ يَوْمٍ، فَلَيْسَتْ لِي حَاجَةٌ إِلَى أَحَدٍ".
Translation
✧ [The Messenger’s performance of ʿUmrah and his appointment of Ibn Usayd as his deputy over Makkah] Ibn Isḥāq said: Then the Messenger of Allah ﷺ departed from al-Jiʿrānah to perform ʿUmrah, and he ordered the remainder of the spoils to be detained at Majannah, in the vicinity of Marr al-Ẓahrān. Imām Aḥmad said: Rawḥ narrated to us, Ibn Jurayj narrated to us, Muzāḥim b. Abī Muzāḥim reported to me from ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz b. ʿAbd Allāh from Mukharrish al-Kaʿbī that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ left al-Jiʿrānah at night when evening came, performing ʿUmrah, and entered Makkah by night to complete his ʿUmrah, then departed during the same night and reached al-Jiʿrānah in the morning as if he had spent the night there. Then when the sun declined, he left al-Jiʿrānah through the valley of Sarif until he joined the road to Madinah at Sarif. Mukharrish said: That is why his ʿUmrah was hidden from many people. Thus he ﷺ entered iḥrām for ʿUmrah from al-Jiʿrānah while going into Makkah. This is the Sunnah for one who enters it from the road of al-Ṭāʾif and what adjoins it. As for what many people devoid of knowledge do by going out from Makkah to al-Jiʿrānah to enter iḥrām for ʿUmrah there and then return to it, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ never did that, nor did any of his Companions at all, nor did any scholar recommend it. Only the common people do it, claiming to follow the Prophet ﷺ, but they are mistaken. He only entered iḥrām from there while going into Makkah, and he did not go out from it to al-Jiʿrānah to enter iḥrām there. This is one manner, and his Sunnah is another. With Allah is success. Abū Dāwūd said: Mūsā Abū Salamah narrated to us, Ḥammād narrated to us from ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿUthmān b. Khuthaym from Saʿīd b. Jubayr from Ibn ʿAbbās that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and his Companions performed ʿUmrah from al-Jiʿrānah, and they performed ramal around the House three times and walked four times, and they placed their cloaks under their armpits and then threw them over their left shoulders. Imām Aḥmad said: Yaḥyā b. Saʿīd narrated to us from Ibn Jurayj, Ḥasan b. Muslim narrated to me from Ṭāwūs that Ibn ʿAbbās informed him that Muʿāwiyah informed him, saying: I shortened the hair of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ with a broad-headed arrow, or he said: I saw him having his hair shortened with a broad-headed arrow at al-Marwah. They both included it in the two Ṣaḥīḥs from the ḥadīth of Ibn Jurayj. Al-Bukhārī said: Yaʿqūb b. Ibrāhīm narrated to us, Ismāʿīl narrated to us, Ibn Jurayj narrated to us, ʿAṭāʾ b. Ṣafwān b. Yaʿlā b. Umayyah reported to him that Yaʿlā used to say: Would that I could see the Messenger of Allah ﷺ when revelation descends upon him. He said: While the Messenger of Allah ﷺ was at al-Jiʿrānah, with a garment shading him, and with him some of his Companions, a Bedouin came to him wearing a jubbah and smeared with perfume. He said: O Messenger of Allah, what do you think about a man who entered iḥrām for ʿUmrah wearing a jubbah after he had smeared himself with perfume? ʿUmar b. al-Khaṭṭāb gestured to Yaʿlā with his hand to come. Yaʿlā came and put his head in, and there was the Prophet ﷺ with a red face, breathing heavily like that for a while, then it was relieved from him. He said: "Where is the one who asked me about ʿUmrah just now?" The man was sought and brought. He said: "As for the perfume that is on you, wash it off three times, and as for the jubbah, take it off, then do in your ʿUmrah as you do in your Ḥajj." When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ finished his ʿUmrah, he departed returning to Madinah, and he appointed ʿAttāb—with an unpointed letter, a doubled pointed letter, and a single-pointed letter—b. Usayd—with dāl, like amīr—as his deputy over Makkah—he was then a little over twenty years old—and he left with him Muʿādh b. Jabal—Muḥammad b. ʿUmar and al-Ḥākim added: and Abū Mūsā al-Ashʿarī— ؓ —to teach the people the Qurʾān and jurisprudence in religion. ʿUrwah b. ʿUqbah mentioned that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ left ʿAttāb and Muʿādh in Makkah before his departure to Hawāzin, then left them again when he returned to Madinah. Ibn Hishām said: It reached me from Zayd b. Aslam—may Allah Almighty have mercy on him—that he said: When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ appointed ʿAttāb over Makkah, he allotted him a dirham every day. He stood and addressed the people, saying: "O people, may Allah starve the liver of anyone who hungers over a dirham! The Messenger of Allah ﷺ has allotted me a dirham every day, and I have no need of anyone."
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