Tarikh (al-Tabari) 1505
The Expedition of Ḥunayn (Hawāzin)
قوله ﷺ من قتل كافرا فله سلبه ذِكْرُ قَوْلِهِ ﷺ يَوْمَ حُنَيْنٍ مَنْ قَتَلَ كَافِرًا فَلَهُ سَلَبُهُ رَوَى ابْنُ شَيْبَةَ، وَالْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ، وَابْنُ حِبَّانَ عَنْ أَنَسٍ ؓ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «مَنْ قَتَلَ قَتِيلًا فَلَهُ سَلَبُهُ” قَالَ: فَقَتَلَ أَبُو طَلْحَةَ يَوْمَئِذٍ عِشْرِينَ رَجُلًا وَأَخَذَ أَسْلَابَهُمْ. وَقَالَ أَبُو قَتَادَةَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنِّي ضَرَبْتُ رَجُلًا عَلَى حَبْلِ عَاتِقِهِ، وَعَلَيْهِ دِرْعٌ فَأَجْهَضَتْ عَنْهُ فَانْظُرْ فِي أَخْذِهَا، فَقَامَ رَجُلٌ قَالَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عُمَرَ: اسْمُهُ أَسْوَدُ بْنُ خُزَاعِيٍّ الْأَسْلَمِيُّ، حَلِيفُ بَنِي سَلَمَةَ - كَذَا قَالَ وَفِي الصَّحِيحِ كَمَا سَيَأْتِي: أَنَّهُ قُرَشِيٌّ، فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ: أَنَا أَخَذْتُهَا فَأَرْضِهِ مِنْهَا وَأَعْطِنِيهَا، قَالَ: وَكَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ لَا يَسْأَلُ شَيْئًا إِلَّا أَعْطَاهُ، أَوْ سَكَتَ، فَسَكَتَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ عُمَرُ: وَاللَّهِ لَا يُغْنِهَا اللَّهُ تَعَالَى عَلَيَّ أَسَدٌ مِنْ أُسْدِ اللَّهِ - تَعَالَى - وَيُعْطِيكَهَا، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ: «صَدَقَ عُمَرُ”. وَرَوَى الشَّيْخَانِ، وَأَبُو دَاوُدَ، وَالتِّرْمِذِيُّ، وَابْنُ مَاجَةَ عَنْ أَبِي قَتَادَةَ الْحَارِثِ بْنِ رِبْعِيٍّ ؓ قَالَ: خَرَجْنَا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَامَ حُنَيْنٍ، فَلَمَّا الْتَقَيْنَا كَانَتْ لِلْمُسْلِمِينَ جَوْلَةٌ. فَرَأَيْتُ رَجُلًا مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ قَدْ عَلَا رَجُلًا مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ. وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ نَظَرْتُ إِلَى رَجُلٍ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ يُقَاتِلُ رَجُلًا مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ وَآخَرَ مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ يَخْتِلُهُ فَضَرَبْتُهُ مِنْ وَرَائِهِ عَلَى حَبَلِ عَاتِقِهِ بِالسَّيْفِ فَقَطَعْتُ الدِّرْعَ، وَأَقْبَلَ عَلَيَّ فَضَمَّنِي ضَمَّةً، وَجَدْتُ مِنْهَا رِيحَ الْمَوْتِ، ثُمَّ أَدْرَكَهُ الْمَوْتُ، فَأَرْسَلَنِي، فَلَحِقْتُ - وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ - فَلَقِيتُ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ ؓ فِي النَّاسِ الَّذِينَ لَمْ يُهْزَمُوا، فَقُلْتُ: مَا بَالُ النَّاسِ ؟ قَالَ: أَمْرُ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى، فَرَجَعُوا وَجَلَسَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ فَقَالَ: «مَنْ قَتَلَ قَتِيلًا لَهُ عَلَيْهِ بَيِّنَةٌ فَلَهُ سَلَبُهُ” فَقُمْتُ فَقُلْتُ: مَنْ يَشْهَدُ لِي ؟ ثُمَّ جَلَسْتُ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مِثْلَهُ. فَقُمْتُ فَقُلْتُ: مَنْ يَشْهَدُ لِي ؟ ثُمَّ جَلَسْتُ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مِثْلَهُ، فَقَالَ: «مَا لَكَ يَا أَبَا قَتَادَةَ ؟ ” فَأَخْبَرْتُهُ. وَذَكَرَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عُمَرَ: أَنَّ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ أُنَيْسٍ شَهِدَ لَهُ فَقَالَ رَجُلٌ: صَدَقَ سَلَبُهُ عِنْدِي فَأَرْضِهِ مِنِّي - أَوْ قَالَ مَنِّيهِ - فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ: لَا هَا اللَّهِ إِذًا، لَا تَعْمِدُ إِلَى أَسَدٍ مِنْ أُسْدِ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى يُقَاتِلُ عَنِ اللَّهِ - تَعَالَى - وَرَسُولِهِ فَيُعْطِيكَ سَلَبَهُ! فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ: «صَدَقَ فَأَعْطِهِ إِيَّاهُ” فَأَعْطَانِيهِ، وَعِنْدَ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عُمَرَ فَقَالَ لِي حَاطِبُ بْنُ أَبِي بَلْتَعَةَ: يَا أَبَا قَتَادَةَ، أَتَبِيعُ السِّلَاحَ ؟ فَبِعْتُهُ بِسَبْعِ أَوَاقٍ، فَابْتَعْتُ بِهِ مِخْرَفًا، وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ: خِرَافًا فِي بَنِي سَلَمَةَ، فَإِنَّهُ لَأَوَّلُ مَالٍ تَأَثَّلْتُهُ، وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ: اعْتَقَبْتُهُ - فِي الْإِسْلَامِ، زَادَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عُمَرَ يُقَالُ لَهُ الرُّدَيْنِيُّ قَالَ فِي الْبِدَايَةِ فِي الرِّوَايَةِ السَّابِقَةِ عَنْ أَنَسٍ: أَنَّ عُمَرَ قَالَ ذَلِكَ، وَهُوَ مُسْتَغْرِبٌ، وَالْمَشْهُورُ أَنَّ قَائِلَ ذَلِكَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ كَمَا فِي حَدِيثِ أَبِي قَتَادَةَ، وَقَالَ الْحَافِظُ: الرَّاجِحُ أَنَّ الَّذِي قَالَ ذَلِكَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ كَمَا رَوَاهُ أَبُو قَتَادَةَ، وَهُوَ صَاحِبُ الْقِصَّةِ، فَهُوَ أَتْقَنُ لِمَا وَقَعَ فِيهَا مِنْ غَيْرِهِ، قَالَا: فَلَعَلَّ عُمَرَ قَالَ ذَلِكَ مُتَابَعَةً لِأَبِي بَكْرٍ وَمُسَاعَدَةً لَهُ، وَمُوَافَقَةً، فَاشْتَبَهَ عَلَى الرَّاوِي. قَالَ الْعُلَمَاءُ: لَوْ لَمْ يَكُنْ مِنْ فَضِيلَةِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقِ ؓ إِلَّا هَذَا لَكَفَى فَإِنَّهُ بِثَاقِبِ عِلْمِهِ، وَشِدَّةِ صَرَامَتِهِ، وَقُوَّةِ إِنْصَافِهِ، وَصِحَّةِ تَوْفِيقِهِ، وَصِدْقِ تَحْقِيقِهِ بَادَرَ إِلَى الْقَوْلِ بِالْحَقِّ، فَزَجَرَ، وَأَفْتَى، وَحَكَمَ، وَأَمْضَى، وَأَخْبَرَ فِي الشَّرِيعَةِ عَنِ الْمُصْطَفَى بِحَضْرَتِهِ وَبَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ، وَبِمَا صَدَّقَهُ فِيهِ وَأَجْرَاهُ عَلَى قَوْلِهِ. وَرَوَى الْبُخَارِيُّ عَنْ سَلَمَةَ بْنِ الْأَكْوَعِ ؓ قَالَ: غَزَوْنَا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ هَوَازِنَ فَبَيْنَمَا نَحْنُ نَتَضَحَّى مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِذْ جَاءَ رَجُلٌ عَلَى جَمَلٍ أَحْمَرَ، فَأَنَاخَهُ، ثُمَّ انْتَزَعَ طَلْقًا مِنْ حِقَبِهِ فَقَيَّدَ بِهِ الْجَمَلَ، ثُمَّ تَقَدَّمَ فَتَغَدَّى مَعَ الْقَوْمِ وَجَعَلَ يَنْظُرُ وَفِينَا ضَعَفَةٌ وَرِقَّةٌ مِنَ الظَّهْرِ، وَبَعْضُنَا مُشَاةٌ، إِذْ خَرَجَ يَشْتَدُّ فَأَتَى الْجَمَلَ فَأَطْلَقَ قَيْدَهُ، ثُمَّ أَنَاخَهُ ثُمَّ قَعَدَ عَلَيْهِ فَاشْتَدَّ بِهِ الْجَمَلُ وَاتَّبَعَهُ رَجُلٌ مِنْ أَسْلَمَ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَلَى نَاقَةٍ وَرْقَاءَ، وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ: أَتَى عَيْنٌ مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَهُوَ فِي سَفَرٍ، فَجَلَسَ عِنْدَ أَصْحَابِهِ يَتَحَدَّثُ. انْتَهَى. ثُمَّ انْفَتَلَ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «اطْلُبُوهُ وَاقْتُلُوهُ” قَالَ سَلَمَةُ: وَخَرَجْتُ أَشْتَدُّ فَكُنْتُ عِنْدَ وَرِكِ النَّاقَةِ، ثُمَّ تَقَدَّمْتُ حَتَّى كُنْتُ عِنْدَ وَرِكِ الْجَمَلِ، ثُمَّ تَقَدَّمْتُ حَتَّى أَخَذْتُ بِخِطَامِ الْجَمَلِ، فَأَنَخْتُهُ، فَلَمَّا وَضَعَ رُكْبَتَهُ عَلَى الْأَرْضِ، اخْتَرَطْتُ سَيْفِي فَضَرَبْتُ رَأْسَ الرَّجُلِ فَنَدَرَ، ثُمَّ جِئْتُ بِالْجَمَلِ أَقُودُهُ عَلَيْهِ رَحْلُهُ وَسِلَاحُهُ، فَاسْتَقْبَلَنِي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَالنَّاسُ مَعَهُ، فَقَالَ: «مَنْ قَتَلَ الرَّجُلَ” ؟ قَالُوا: ابْنُ الْأَكْوَعِ، قَالَ: «لَهُ سَلَبُهُ أَجْمَعَ”.
Translation
✧ His ﷺ saying: “Whoever kills a disbeliever, his spoils are his.” A mention of his ﷺ saying on the day of Ḥunayn: “Whoever kills a disbeliever, his spoils are his.” Ibn Shaybah, Imām Aḥmad, and Ibn Ḥibbān narrated from Anas ؓ who said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: “Whoever kills a killed one, his spoils are his.” He said: On that day, Abū Ṭalḥah killed twenty men and took their spoils. And Abū Qatādah said: O Messenger of Allah, indeed I struck a man on the cord of his shoulder, and upon him was a coat of mail, and I hurried it away from him, so look into taking it. Then a man stood up—Muḥammad b. ʿUmar said his name was Aswad b. Khuzāʿī al-Aslamī, an ally of Banū Salamah; so he said, and in the Ṣaḥīḥ, as will come: that he was a Qurashī—and said: O Messenger of Allah, I took it, so appease him from it and give it to me. He said: And the Messenger of Allah ﷺ did not ask for anything except that he gave it, or he remained silent. So the Messenger of Allah ﷺ remained silent. Then ʿUmar said: By Allah, Allah—Exalted is He—will not let a lion from the lions of Allah—Exalted is He—fight on my behalf and then give it to you. So the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: “ʿUmar has spoken the truth.” Al-Bukhārī and Muslim, Abū Dāwūd, al-Tirmidhī, and Ibn Mājah narrated from Abū Qatādah al-Ḥārith b. Ribʿī ؓ who said: We went out with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ in the year of Ḥunayn. When we met, the Muslims had a retreat. I saw a man from the polytheists who had overpowered a man from the Muslims. In another narration: I looked at a man from the Muslims fighting a man from the polytheists, and another from the polytheists was deceiving him, so I struck him from behind on the cord of his shoulder with the sword and cut the coat of mail. He turned toward me and squeezed me with a squeeze from which I found the smell of death. Then death overtook him, and he released me. I caught up with— And in another narration—then I met ʿUmar b. al-Khaṭṭāb ؓ among the people who had not been defeated. I said: What is the matter with the people? He said: The affair of Allah—Exalted is He. Then they returned, and the Messenger of Allah ﷺ sat and said: “Whoever kills a killed one and has a witness for it, his spoils are his.” So I stood and said: Who will testify for me? Then I sat. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said the like of it. I stood and said: Who will testify for me? Then I sat. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said the like of it, then said: “What is the matter with you, O Abū Qatādah?” So I informed him. Muḥammad b. ʿUmar mentioned that ʿAbd Allāh b. Unays testified for him. Then a man said: He has spoken the truth; his spoils are with me, so appease him from me—or he said: give them to him. Abū Bakr said: No, by Allah, then no. You shall not intend to a lion from the lions of Allah—Exalted is He—who fights for Allah—Exalted is He—and His Messenger, and then give you his spoils! So the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: “He has spoken the truth, so give it to him.” So he gave it to me. According to Muḥammad b. ʿUmar, Ḥāṭib b. Abī Baltaʿah said to me: O Abū Qatādah, will you sell the weapon? So I sold it for seven awāq, and with it I bought a mikhraf. In another narration: a khirāf among Banū Salamah. Indeed it was the first wealth I acquired. In another narration: I followed it up—in Islam. Muḥammad b. ʿUmar added: it was called al-Rudaynī. He said in al-Bidāyah regarding the previous narration from Anas: that ʿUmar said that, and it is strange, while the well-known is that the one who said that was Abū Bakr, as in the ḥadīth of Abū Qatādah. And al-Ḥāfiẓ said: The preponderant view is that the one who said that was Abū Bakr, as narrated by Abū Qatādah, and he is the protagonist of the story, so he is more precise about what occurred in it than others. They both said: Perhaps ʿUmar said that in following Abū Bakr and supporting him, and in agreement, so it became confused for the narrator. The scholars said: If there were no virtue of Abū Bakr al-Ṣiddīq ؓ except this, it would be sufficient. Indeed, with his penetrating knowledge, his intense resoluteness, his strong fairness, his sound success, and his true verification, he hastened to speak the truth, so he restrained, ruled, judged, carried out, and reported in the sacred law from the Chosen One in his presence and before him, and with what he confirmed him in and carried out according to his saying. Al-Bukhārī narrated from Salamah b. al-Akwaʿ ؓ who said: We raided with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ against Hawāzin. While we were taking a mid-morning meal with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, a man came on a red camel. He made it kneel, then he drew out a leather strap from his saddlebag and hobbled the camel with it. Then he advanced and ate the midday meal with the people, and he began to look around. Among us were weakness and thinness of mounts, and some of us were on foot. Then he went out running, came to the camel, released its hobble, made it kneel, then sat upon it, and the camel ran off with him. A man from Aslam, from the companions of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, followed him on a grey she-camel. In another narration: A spy from the polytheists came to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ while he was traveling, and he sat with his companions conversing. End. Then he turned away. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: “Seek him and kill him.” Salamah said: And I went out running, and I was at the haunch of the she-camel. Then I advanced until I was at the haunch of the camel. Then I advanced until I took hold of the camel’s nose-rein and made it kneel. When it put its knee on the ground, I drew my sword and struck the man’s head, and it flew off. Then I came with the camel, leading it, with its saddle and weapon upon it. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ met me, and the people were with him. He said: “Who killed the man?” They said: Ibn al-Akwaʿ. He said: “All his spoils are his.”
Grades by grader
No grade is recorded for this wording. Ask what scholars say about its grade