Tarikh (al-Tabari) 1495
The Expedition of Ḥunayn (Hawāzin)
عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ ؓ لَمَّا اسْتَقْبَلْنَا وَادِيَ حُنَيْنٍ انْحَدَرْنَا فِي وَادٍ أَجْوَفَ خُطُوطٌ لَهُ مَضَايِقُ وَشِعَابٌ، وَإِنَّمَا نَنْحَدِرُ فِيهِ انْحِدَارًا، وَفِي عِمَايَةِ الصُّبْحِ، وَقَدْ كَانَ الْقَوْمُ سَبَقُونَا إِلَى الْوَادِي فَمَكَثُوا فِي شِعَابِهِ وَأَجْنَابِهِ وَمَضَايِقِهِ وَتَهَيَّئُوا، فَوَ اللَّهِ مَا رَاعَنَا وَنَحْنُ مُنْحَطُّونَ إِلَّا الْكَتَائِبَ قَدْ شَدُّوا عَلَيْنَا شَدَّةَ رَجُلٍ وَاحِدٍ، وَكَانُوا رُمَاةً. قَالَ أَنَسٌ ؓ اسْتَقْبَلَنَا مِنْ هَوَازِنَ شَيْءٌ، لَا وَاللَّهِ مَا رَأَيْتُ مِثْلَهُ فِي ذَلِكَ الزَّمَانِ قَطُّ، مِنْ كَثْرَةِ السَّوَادِ، قَدْ سَاقُوا نِسَاءَهُمْ وَأَبْنَاءَهُمْ وَأَمْوَالَهُمْ ثُمَّ صَفُّوا صُفُوفًا، فَجَعَلُوا النِّسَاءَ فَوْقَ الْإِبِلِ وَرَاءَ صُفُوفِ الرِّجَالِ، ثُمَّ جَاءُوا بِالْإِبِلِ وَالْبَقَرِ وَالْغَنَمِ، فَجَعَلُوهَا وَرَاءَ ذَلِكَ لِئَلَّا يَفِرُّوا بِزَعْمِهِمْ فَلَمَّا رَأَيْنَا ذَلِكَ السَّوَادَ حَسِبْنَاهُ رِجَالًا كُلَّهُمْ، فَلَمَّا انْحَدَرْنَا فِي الْوَادِي، فَبَيْنَا نَحْنُ فِي غَبْشِ الصُّبْحِ إِنْ شَعَرْنَا إِلَّا بِالْكَتَائِبِ قَدْ خَرَجَتْ عَلَيْنَا مِنْ مَضِيقِ الْوَادِي وَشِعْبِهِ، فَحَمَلُوا حَمْلَةَ رَجُلٍ وَاحِدٍ، فَانْكَشَفَتْ أَوَائِلُ الْخَيْلِ - خَيْلِ بَنِي سُلَيْمٍ - مُوَلِّيَةً وَتَبِعَهُمْ أَهْلُ مَكَّةَ وَتَبِعَهُمُ النَّاسُ مُنْهَزِمِينَ مَا يَلْوُونَ عَلَى شَيْءٍ وَارْتَفَعَ النَّقْعُ فَمَا مِنَّا أَحَدٌ يُبْصِرُ كَفَّهُ. وَقَالَ جَابِرٌ: وَانْحَازَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ ذَاتَ الْيَمِينِ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: «أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ هَلُمَّ إِلَيَّ أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ، هَلُمَّ إِلَيَّ أَنَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ”. قَالَ: فَلَا شَيْءَ وَحَمَلَتِ الْإِبِلُ بَعْضُهَا عَلَى بَعْضٍ، فَانْطَلَقَ النَّاسُ. وَذَكَرَ كَثِيرٌ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْمَغَازِي: أَنَّ الْمُسْلِمِينَ لَمَّا نَزَلُوا وَادِيَ حُنَيْنٍ تَقَدَّمَهُمْ كَثِيرٌ مِمَّنْ لَا خِبْرَةَ لَهُمْ بِالْحَرْبِ، وَغَالَبَهُمْ مِنْ شُبَّانِ أَهْلِ مَكَّةَ، فَخَرَجَتْ عَلَيْهِمُ الْكَتَائِبُ مِنْ كُلِّ جِهَةٍ، فَحَمَلُوا حَمْلَةَ رَجُلٍ وَاحِدٍ وَالْمُسْلِمُونَ غَارُّونَ، فَرَّ مَنْ فَرَّ، وَبَلَغَ أَقْصَى هَزِيمَتِهِمْ مَكَّةَ، ثُمَّ كَرُّوا بَعْدُ. عَنْ إِيَاسِ بْنِ سَلَمَةَ بْنِ الْأَكْوَعِ عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: غَزَوْنَا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ حُنَيْنًا، فَلَمَّا وَاجَهْنَا الْعَدُوَّ تَقَدَّمْتُ فَأَعْلُو ثَنِيَّةً فَاسْتَقْبَلَنِي رَجُلٌ مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ فَأَرْمِيهِ بِسَهْمٍ، وَتَوَارَى عَنِّي، فَمَا دَرَيْتُ مَا صَنَعَ، ثُمَّ نَظَرْتُ إِلَى الْقَوْمِ فَإِذَا هُمْ قَدْ طَلَعُوا مِنْ ثَنِيَّةٍ أُخْرَى، فَالْتَقَوْا هُمْ وَصَحَابَةُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَوَلَّى أَصْحَابُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَأَرْجِعُ مُنْهَزِمًا، وَعَلَيَّ بُرْدَتَانِ مُتَّزِرًا بِإِحْدَاهُمَا مُرْتَدِيًا بِالْأُخْرَى، قَالَ: فَاسْتَطْلَقَ إِزَارِي فَجَمَعْتُهَا جَمْعًا وَمَرَرْتُ عَلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ وَأَنَا مُنْهَزِمٌ، وَهُوَ عَلَى بَغْلَتِهِ الشَّهْبَاءِ، فَقَالَ ﷺ: " لَقَدْ رَأَى ابْنُ الْأَكْوَعِ فَزَعًا ". فَلَمَّا غَشَوا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ نَزَلَ عَنِ الْبَغْلَةِ، ثُمَّ قَبَضَ قَبْضَةً مِنْ تُرَابٍ مِنَ الْأَرْضِ وَاسْتَقْبَلَ بِهِ وُجُوهَهُمْ، وَقَالَ: " شَاهَتِ الْوُجُوهُ ". فَمَا خَلَقَ اللَّهُ مِنْهُمْ إِنْسَانًا إِلَّا مَلَأَ عَيْنَيْهِ تُرَابًا مِنْ تِلْكَ الْقُبْضَةِ، فَوَلَّوْا مُدْبِرِينَ، فَهَزَمَهُمُ اللَّهُ، وَقَسَّمَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ غَنَائِمَهُمْ بَيْنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ.. وَفِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنِ الْبَرَاءِ بْنِ عَازِبٍ ؓ قَالَ: عَجِلَ سَرْعَانُ الْقَوْمِ - وَفِي لَفْظَةٍ: شُبَّانُ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ لَيْسَ عَلَيْهِمْ سِلَاحٌ أَوْ كَثِيرُ سِلَاحٍ، فَإِنَّا لَمَّا حَمَلَنَا عَلَى الْمُشْرِكِينَ انْكَشَفُوا، فَأَقْبَلَ النَّاسُ عَلَى الْغَنَائِمِ، وَكَانَتْ هَوَازِنُ رُمَاةً فَاسْتَقْبَلَتْنَا بِالسِّهَامِ كَأَنَّمَا رَجُلٌ جَرَادٌ، لَا يَكَادُ يَسْقُطُ لَهُمْ سَهْمٌ انْتَهَى. قَالَ: وَكَانَ رَجُلٌ عَلَى جَمَلٍ لَهُ أَحْمَرُ، بِيَدِهِ رَايَةٌ سَوْدَاءُ عَلَى رُمْحٍ طَوِيلٍ أَمَامَ هَوَازِنَ، وَهَوَازِنُ خَلْفَهُ، إِذَا أَدْرَكَ طَعَنَ بِرُمْحِهِ، وَإِنْ فَاتَهُ النَّاسُ، رَفَعَ رُمْحَهُ لِمَنْ وَرَاءَهُ فَاتَّبَعُوهُ. فَبَيْنَمَا هُوَ كَذَلِكَ إِذْ هَوَى لَهُ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ، وَرَجُلٌ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ يُرِيدَانِهِ، فَأَتَاهُ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ مِنْ خَلْفِهِ فَضَرَبَ عُرْقُوبَيِ الْجَمَلِ، فَوَقَعَ عَلَى عَجُزِهِ، وَوَثَبَ الْأَنْصَارِيُّ عَلَى الرَّجُلِ فَضَرَبَهُ ضَرْبَةً أَطَنَّ قَدَّمَهُ بِنِصْفِ سَاقِهِ، فَانْجَعَفَ عَنْ رَحْلِهِ، وَاجْتَلَدَ النَّاسُ، فَوَ اللَّهِ مَا رَجَعَتْ رَاجِعَةُ النَّاسِ مِنْ هَزِيمَتِهِمْ حَتَّى وَجَدُوا الْأَسْرَى مُكَتَّفِينَ عِنْدَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ. فائدة جَوَازُ عَقْرِ فَرَسِ الْعَدُوِّ وَمَرْكُوبِهِ إِذَا كَانَ ذَلِكَ عَوْنًا عَلَى قَتْلِهِ، كَمَا عَقَرَ علي ؓ جَمَلَ حَامِلِ رَايَةِ الْكُفَّارِ، وَلَيْسَ هَذَا مِنْ تَعْذِيبِ الْحَيَوَانِ الْمَنْهِيِّ عَنْهُ. وعَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ سَمِعَ الْبَرَاءَ بْنَ عَازِبٍ - وَسَأَلَهُ رَجُلٌ مِنْ قَيْسٍ: أَفَرَرْتُمْ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَوْمَ حُنَيْنٍ؟ - فَقَالَ: لَكِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ لَمْ يَفِرَّ; كَانَتْ هَوَازِنُ رُمَاةً، وَإِنَّا لَمَّا حَمَلَنَا عَلَيْهِمُ انْكَشَفُوا، فَأَكْبَبْنَا عَلَى الْغَنَائِمِ، فَاسْتَقْبَلَتْنَا بِالسِّهَامِ، وَلَقَدْ رَأَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَلَى بَغْلَتِهِ الْبَيْضَاءِ، وَإِنَّ أَبَا سُفْيَانَ آخِذٌ بِزِمَامِهَا، وَهُوَ يَقُولُ: " أَنَا النَّبِيُّ لَا كَذِبَ ". وَرَوَى مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عُمَرَ عَنْ أَبِي قَتَادَةَ ؓ قَالَ: مَضَى سَرْعَانُ النَّاسِ مِنَ الْمُنْهَزِمِينَ، حَتَّى دَخَلُوا مَكَّةَ، سَارُوا يَوْمًا وَلَيْلَةً - يُخْبِرُونَ أَهْلَ مَكَّةَ بِهَزِيمَةِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَعَتَّابُ بْنُ أَسِيدٍ بِوَزْنِ أَمِيرٍ، عَلَى مَكَّةَ وَمَعَهُ مُعَاذُ بْنُ جَبَلٍ، فَجَاءَهُمْ أَمْرٌ غَمَّهُمْ، وَسُرَّ بِذَلِكَ قَوْمٌ مِنْ أَهْلِ مَكَّةَ وَأَظْهَرُوا الشَّمَاتَةَ، وَقَالَ قَائِلٌ مِنْهُمْ: تَرْجِعُ الْعَرَبُ إِلَى دِينِ آبَائِهَا، وَقَدْ قُتِلَ مُحَمَّدٌ وَتَفَرَّقَ أَصْحَابُهُ، فَتَكَلَّمَ عَتَّابُ بْنُ أَسِيدٍ يَوْمَئِذٍ فَقَالَ: إِنْ قُتِلَ مُحَمَّدٌ، فَإِنَّ دِينَ اللَّهِ قَائِمٌ - وَالَّذِي يَعْبُدُهُ مُحَمَّدٌ حَيٌّ لَا يَمُوتُ، فَمَا أَمْسَوْا مِنْ ذَلِكَ الْيَوْمِ حَتَّى جَاءَ الْخَبَرُ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَوْقَعَ بِهَوَازِنَ، فَسُرَّ عَتَّابُ بْنُ أَسِيدٍ، وَمُعَاذُ بْنُ جَبَلٍ، وَكَبَتَ اللَّهُ - تَعَالَى - مَنْ هُنَاكَ مِمَّنْ كَانَ يَسُرُّهُ خِلَافُ ذَلِكَ. فَرَجَعَ الْمُنْهَزِمُونَ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَلَحِقُوهُ بِأَوْطَاسَ وَقَدْ رَحَلَ مِنْهَا إِلَى الطَّائِفِ. موقف صفوان بن أمية من خبر هزيمة المسلمين وهو يومئذ مشرك وَقَالَ ابْنُ هِشَامٍ: كِلْدَةُ بْنُ الْحَنْبَلِ - وَأَسْلَمَ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ، وَهُوَ مَعَ أَخِيهِ لِأُمِّهِ صَفْوَانَ بْنِ أُمَيَّةَ، وَصَفْوَانُ مُشْرِكٌ فِي الْمُدَّةِ الَّتِي جَعَلَ لَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: إِلَّا بَطَلَ السِّحْرُ الْيَوْمَ!! فَقَالَ لَهُ صَفْوَانُ: اسْكُتْ فَضَّ اللَّهُ فَاكَ! وَاللَّهِ أَنْ يَرُبَّنِي رَجُلٌ مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ أَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ مِنْ أَنْ يَرُبَّنِي رَجُلٌ مِنْ هَوَازِنَ.. قَالَ ابْنُ هِشَامٍ: وَقَالَ حَسَّانُ بْنُ ثَابِتٍ يَهْجُو كَلَدَةَ: رَأَيْتُ سَوَادًا مِنْ بَعِيدٍ فَرَاعَنِي أَبُو حَنْبَلٍ يَنْزُو عَلَى أُمِّ حَنْبَلِ كَأَنَّ الَّذِي يَنْزُو بِهِ فَوْقَ بَطْنِهَا ذِرَاعُ قَلُوصٍ مِنْ نِتَاجِ ابْنِ عِزْهِلِ أَنْشَدَنَا أَبُو زَيْدٍ هَذَيْنِ الْبَيْتَيْنِ، وَذَكَرَ لَنَا أَنَّهُ هَجَا بِهِمَا صَفْوَانَ بْنَ أُمَيَّةَ، وَكَانَ أَخَا كَلَدَةَ لِأُمِّهِ. وَبَعَثَ صَفْوَانُ غُلَامًا لَهُ فَقَالَ: اسْمَعْ لِمَنِ الشِّعَارُ فَجَاءَهُ فَقَالَ: سَمِعْتُهُمْ يَقُولُونَ: يَا بَنِي عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ يَا بَنِي عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ، يَا بَنِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، فَقَالَ: ظَهَرَ مُحَمَّدٌ وَكَانَ ذَلِكَ شِعَارَهُمْ فِي الْحَرْبِ.
Translation
✧ From Anas b. Mālik ؓ: When we faced the valley of Ḥunayn, we descended into a deep, winding valley with narrow passages and gorges, and we were descending down into it in the darkness of dawn. The enemy had preceded us to the valley and had taken up positions in its gorges, sides, and narrow passages, and had prepared themselves. By God, nothing startled us as we were descending except the battalions that charged upon us as one man, and they were archers. Anas ؓ said: Something from Hawāzin confronted us which, by God, I never saw the like of in that time, in the abundance of black mass. They had driven their women, children, and wealth forward, then formed ranks, placing the women on camels behind the ranks of the men, and then brought camels, cattle, and sheep and placed them behind that so that they would not flee, as they claimed. When we saw that black mass, we thought them all to be men. Then when we descended into the valley, while we were in the dimness of dawn, we suddenly perceived the battalions that had come out upon us from the narrow passages and gorges of the valley, and they charged as one man. The vanguard of the cavalry—the cavalry of Banū Sulaym—turned in flight, and the people of Makkah followed them, and the people followed them in defeat, not turning aside for anything. The dust rose, and none of us could see his own hand. Jābir said: The Messenger of God ﷺ moved aside to the right, then said: "O people, come to me! O people, come to me! I am the Messenger of God ﷺ, I am Muḥammad b. ʿAbd Allāh!" He said: But to no avail, and the camels collided with one another, and the people went away. Many of the biographers of the campaigns mentioned that when the Muslims descended into the valley of Ḥunayn, many of those with no experience in war went ahead of them, including a majority of the youths of the people of Makkah. The battalions came out upon them from every direction and charged as one man while the Muslims were heedless. Some fled, and their flight reached as far as Makkah, then they returned afterward. From Iyās b. Salamah b. al-Akwaʿ, from his father, who said: We went on an expedition with the Messenger of God ﷺ to Ḥunayn. When we faced the enemy, I advanced and climbed a hill. A man from the polytheists confronted me, and I shot him with an arrow, but he hid from me, and I did not know what he did. Then I looked at the people and saw that they had emerged from another hill and met with the Companions of the Messenger of God ﷺ. The Companions of the Messenger of God ﷺ turned in flight, and I returned in defeat, wearing two cloaks, one as a waist-wrap and the other as a shoulder-wrap. He said: My waist-wrap came loose, so I gathered it together and passed by the Prophet ﷺ while I was in flight. He was on his gray mule, and he said ﷺ: "Ibn al-Akwaʿ has seen fright." When they surrounded the Messenger of God ﷺ, he dismounted from the mule, then took a handful of dust from the ground and threw it at their faces, saying: "May the faces be ugly!" God did not create a single one of them whose eyes were not filled with dust from that handful, so they turned in flight, and God defeated them. The Messenger of God ﷺ divided their spoils among the Muslims. And in the Ṣaḥīḥ from al-Barāʾ b. ʿĀzib ؓ, who said: The vanguard of the people—and in one phrasing: the youths of the Companions of the Messenger of God ﷺ who had no weapons or few weapons—rushed ahead. When we charged the polytheists, they broke, and the people turned to the spoils. Hawāzin were archers, and they met us with arrows like a swarm of locusts; hardly any of their arrows missed. End of quote. He said: There was a man on a red camel of his, with a black banner in his hand on a long spear before Hawāzin, and Hawāzin behind him. When he caught up with someone, he thrust with his spear, and if the people escaped him, he raised his spear for those behind him, and they followed him. While he was doing that, ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālib and a man from the Anṣār rushed toward him, intending him. ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālib came at him from behind and struck the two hocks of the camel, so it fell on its hindquarters. The Anṣārī leaped upon the man and struck him a blow that severed his foot with half of his shin, so he toppled from his saddle. The people fought with swords, and by God, none of the people returned from their flight until they found the captives bound at the Messenger of God ﷺ. Note: The permissibility of hamstringing the enemy's horse or mount when that helps in killing him, as ʿAlī ؓ hamstrung the camel of the bearer of the banner of the disbelievers. This is not from the forbidden torturing of animals. From Abū Isḥāq, who heard al-Barāʾ b. ʿĀzib—and a man from Qays asked him: Did you flee from the Messenger of God ﷺ on the day of Ḥunayn?—he said: But the Messenger of God ﷺ did not flee. Hawāzin were archers, and when we charged them they broke, and we fell upon the spoils, and they met us with arrows. I saw the Messenger of God ﷺ on his white mule, with Abū Sufyān holding its reins, and he was saying: "I am the Prophet, no lie!" Muḥammad b. ʿUmar narrated from Abū Qatādah ؓ, who said: The vanguard of the people among the defeated went on until they entered Makkah, having traveled a day and a night, telling the people of Makkah of the defeat of the Messenger of God ﷺ. ʿAttāb b. Asīd—with the weight pattern of amīr—was in charge of Makkah, and with him was Muʿādh b. Jabal. News came to them that grieved them, and some people of Makkah rejoiced and showed schadenfreude. One of them said: The Arabs will return to the religion of their forefathers; Muḥammad has been killed and his companions scattered. ʿAttāb b. Asīd spoke that day and said: If Muḥammad is killed, the religion of God remains—the One whom Muḥammad worships is alive and does not die. By evening of that day, news came that the Messenger of God ﷺ had inflicted defeat on Hawāzin, and ʿAttāb b. Asīd and Muʿādh b. Jabal rejoiced, and God—Exalted is He—foiled those there who were pleased by the opposite. The defeated returned to the Messenger of God ﷺ and caught up with him at Awṭās, and he had already departed from there to al-Ṭāʾif. The stance of Ṣafwān b. Umayyah regarding the news of the Muslims' defeat, while he was that day a polytheist: Ibn Hishām said: Kildah b. al-Ḥanbal—he later became Muslim—was with his maternal brother Ṣafwān b. Umayyah, and Ṣafwān was a polytheist during the period the Messenger of God ﷺ had granted him. Kildah said: "Magic has become void today!" Ṣafwān said to him: "Be quiet, may God break your mouth! By God, that a man of Quraysh should be my lord is dearer to me than that a man of Hawāzin should be my lord." Ibn Hishām said: Ḥassān b. Thābit said, satirizing Kildah: I saw from afar a black mass that startled me: Abū Ḥanbal leaping upon Umm Ḥanbal. As if what leaps upon her belly Were the foreleg of a young she-camel from the offspring of Ibn ʿIzhil. Abū Zayd recited these two verses to us, and mentioned that he satirized Ṣafwān b. Umayyah with them, and he was the maternal brother of Kildah. Ṣafwān sent a servant of his and said: Listen to whose war-cry it is. The servant came back and said: I heard them saying: O Banū ʿAbd al-Raḥmān! O Banū ʿUbayd Allāh! O Banū ʿAbd Allāh! So he said: Muḥammad has prevailed, and that was their war-cry in battle.
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