Tarikh (al-Tabari) 1465
The Conquest of Makkah
[ سَبَبُ تَسْمِيَةِ الرَّسُولِ لِخِرَاشِ بِالْقَتَّالِ ] رَوَى ابْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عُمَرَ عَنْ شُيُوخِهِ، قَالُوا: خَرَجَ غَزِيٌّ مِنْ هُذَيْلٍ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ وَفِيهِمْ جُنَيْدِبُ بْنُ الْأَدْلَعِ الْهُذَلِيُّ يُرِيدُونَ حَيَّ أَحْمَرَ بَأْسًا مِنْ أَسْلَمَ - وَكَانَ أَحْمَرُ بَأْسًا رَجُلًا مِنْ أَسْلَمَ شُجَاعًا لَا يُرَامُ، وَكَانَ لَا يَنَامُ فِي حَيِّهِ إِلَّا يَنَامُ خَارِجًا مِنْ حَاضِرِهِ، وَكَانَ إِذَا نَامَ غَطَّ غَطِيطًا مُنْكَرًا لَا يَخْفَى مَكَانُهُ، وَكَانَ الْحَاضِرُ إِذَا أَتَاهُمْ فَزِعَ صَرَخُوا: يَا أَحْمَرُ بَأْسًا. فَيَثُورُ مِثْلَ الْأَسَدِ، فَلَمَّا جَاءَهُمْ ذَلِكَ الْغَزِيُّ مِنْ هُذَيْلٍ قَالَ لَهُمْ جُنَيْدِبُ بْنُ الْأَدْلَعِ: إِنْ كَانَ أَحْمَرُ بَأْسًا قَدْ قِيلَ فِي الْحَاضِرِ فَلَيْسَ إِلَيْهِمْ سَبِيلٌ، وَإِنَّ لَهُ غَطِيطًا لَا يَخْفَى، فَدَعَوْنِي أَتَسَمَّعْ فَتَسَمَّعَ الْحِسَّ فَسَمِعَهُ، فَأَتَاهُ حَتَّى وَجَدَهُ نَائِمًا فَقَتَلَهُ، وَضَعَ السَّيْفَ عَلَى صَدْرِهِ، ثُمَّ اتَّكَأَ عَلَيْهِ فَقَتَلَهُ ثُمَّ حَمَلُوا عَلَى الْحَيِّ فَصَاحَ الْحَيُّ يَا أَحْمَرُ بَأْسًا، فَلَا شَيْءَ لِأَحْمَرَ بَأْسًا، قَدْ قُتِلَ - فَنَالُوا مِنَ الْحَيِّ حَاجَتَهُمْ، ثُمَّ انْصَرَفُوا وَتَشَاغَلَ النَّاسُ بِالْإِسْلَامِ، فَلَمَّا كَانَ بَعْدَ الْفَتْحِ بِيَوْمٍ دَخَلَ جُنَيْدِبُ بْنُ الْأَدْلَعِ الْهُذَلِيُّ مَكَّةَ يَرْتَادُ وَيَنْظُرُ وَالنَّاسُ آمِنُونَ، فَرَآهُ جُنْدُبُ بْنُ الْأَعْجَمِ الْأَسْلَمِيُّ فَقَالَ: جُنَيْدِبُ بْنُ الْأَدْلَعِ قَاتِلُ أَحْمَرَ بَأْسًا ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ فَمَهْ، فَخَرَجَ جُنْدُبٌ يَسْتَجِيشُ عَلَيْهِ حَيَّهُ، فَكَانَ أَوَّلَ مَنْ لَقِيَ خِرَاشُ بْنُ أُمَيَّةَ الْكَعْبِيُّ فَأَخْبَرَهُ. فَاشْتَمَلَ خِرَاشٌ عَلَى السَّيْفِ ثُمَّ أَقْبَلَ إِلَيْهِ - وَالنَّاسُ حَوْلَهُ، وَهُوَ يُحَدِّثُهُمْ عَنْ قَتْلِ أَحْمَرَ بَأْسًا فَبَيْنَمَا هُمْ مُجْتَمِعُونَ عَلَيْهِ إِذْ أَقْبَلَ خِرَاشُ بْنُ أُمَيَّةَ فَقَالَ: هَكَذَا عَنِ الرَّجُلِ. فَوَ اللَّهِ مَا ظَنَّ النَّاسُ إِلَّا أَنَّهُ يُفَرِّجُ النَّاسُ عَنْهُ لِيَنْصَرِفُوا، فَانْفَرَجُوا فَحَمَلَ عَلَيْهِ خِرَاشُ بْنُ أُمَيَّةَ بِالسَّيْفِ فَطَعَنَهُ بِهِ فِي بَطْنِهِ وَابْنُ الْأَدْلَعِ مُسْتَنِدٌ إِلَى جِدَارٍ مَنْ جُدْرِ مَكَّةَ، فَجَعَلَتْ حَشَوْتُهُ تَسِيلُ مِنْ بَطْنِهِ، وَإِنَّ عَيْنَيْهِ لَتُزَنِّقَانِ فِي رَأْسِهِ، وَهُوَ يَقُولُ: فَعَلْتُمُوهَا يَا مَعْشَرَ خُزَاعَةَ ؟ فَانْجَعَفَ فَوَقَعَ فَمَاتَ. فَسَمِعَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِذَلِكَ فَقَالَ: «يَا مَعْشَرَ خُزَاعَةَ” ارْفَعُوا أَيْدِيَكُمْ عَنِ الْقَتْلِ، فَقَدْ كَثُرَ الْقَتْلُ، لَقَدْ قَتَلْتُمْ قَتِيلًا لَأَدِيَنَّهُ، إِنَّ خِرَاشًا لَقَتَّالٌ - يَعِيبُهُ بِذَلِكَ. لَوْ كُنْتُ قَاتِلًا مُؤْمِنًا بِكَافِرٍ لَقَتَلْتُ خِرَاشًا. وَرَوَى الشَّيْخَانِ وَالتِّرْمِذِيُّ عَنِ ابْنِ شُرَيْحٍ خُوَيْلِدِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو الْعَدَوِيِّ، وَالشَّيْخَانِ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، وَابْنُ مَنِيعٍ بِسَنَدٍ صَحِيحٍ، وَابْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو. وَالْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ، وَالْبَيْهَقِيُّ عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، وَابْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ، وَالشَّيْخَانِ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ ؓ وَابْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، وَابْنُ إِسْحَاقَ عَنْ بَعْضِ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ، وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عُمَرَ عَنْ شُيُوخِهِ، قَالُوا: لَمَّا كَانَ الْغَدُ مِنْ يَوْمِ الْفَتْحِ عَدَتْ خُزَاعَةُ عَلَى رَجُلٍ مِنْ هُذَيْلٍ فَقَتَلُوهُ - وَهُوَ مُشْرِكٌ - فَقَامَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ خَطِيبًا بَعْدَ الظُّهْرِ، وَأَسْنَدَ ظَهْرَهُ إِلَى الْكَعْبَةِ. وَعِنْدَ ابْنِ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ: أَنَّهُ ﷺ رَكِبَ رَاحِلَتَهُ فَحَمِدَ اللَّهَ وَأَثْنَى عَلَيْهِ، وَقَالَ: «أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ إِنَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى حَرَّمَ مَكَّةَ يَوْمَ خَلَقَ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضَ وَيَوْمَ خَلَقَ الشَّمْسَ وَالْقَمَرَ، وَوَضَعَ هَذَيْنِ الْجَبَلَيْنِ، وَلَمْ يُحَرِّمْهَا النَّاسَ، فَهِيَ حَرَامٌ إِلَى يَوْمِ الْقِيَامَةِ، فَلَا يَحِلُّ لِامْرِئٍ يُؤْمِنُ بِاللَّهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ أَنْ يَسْفِكَ فِيهَا دمًا وَلَا يُعَضِّدَ فِيهَا شَجَرًا، لَمْ تَحِلَّ لِأَحَدٍ كَانَ قَبَلِي، وَلَمْ تَحِلَّ لِأَحَدٍ يَكُونُ بَعْدِي، وَلَمْ تَحِلَّ لِي إِلَّا هَذِهِ السَّاعَةَ غَضَبًا عَلَى أَهْلِهَا - أَلَا قَدْ رَجَعَتْ حُرْمَتُهَا الْيَوْمَ كَحُرْمَتِهَا بِالْأَمْسِ فَلْيُبَلِّغِ الشَّاهِدُ مِنْكُمُ الْغَائِبَ، فَمَنْ قَالَ لَكُمْ إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَدْ قَاتَلَ فِيهَا فَقُولُوا لَهُ: إِنَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى قَدْ أَحَلَّهَا لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَلَمْ يُحِلَّهَا لَكُمْ، أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ، إِنَّ أَعْدَى النَّاسِ عَلَى اللَّهِ مَنْ قَتَلَ فِي الْحَرَمِ، أَوْ قَتَلَ غَيْرَ قَاتِلِهِ، أَوْ قَتَلَ بِذُحُولِ الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ، يَا مَعْشَرَ خُزَاعَةَ ارْفَعُوا أَيْدِيَكُمْ عَنِ الْقَتْلِ فَقَدْ وَاللَّهِ كَثُرَ إِنْ نَفَعَ، فَقَدْ قَتَلْتُمْ قَتِيلًا لَأَدِيَنَّهُ، فَمَنْ قَتَلَ بَعْدَ مَقَامِي هَذَا فَأَهْلُهُ بِخَيْرِ النَّظِرَيْنِ إِنْ شَاءُوا فَدِيَتُهُ كَامِلَةٌ، وَإِنْ شَاءُوا فَقَتْلُهُ ثُمَّ وَدَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ ذَلِكَ الرَّجُلَ الَّذِي قَتَلَتْهُ خُزَاعَةُ. [ أَوَّلُ قَتِيلٍ وَدَاهُ الرَّسُولُ يَوْمَ الْفَتْحِ ] قَالَ ابْنُ هِشَامٍ: وَبَلَغَنِي أَنَّ أَوَّلَ قَتِيلٍ وَدَاهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَوْمَ الْفَتْحِ جُنَيْدَبُ بْنُ الْأَكْوَعِ، قَتَلَتْهُ بَنُو كَعْبٍ، فَوَدَاهُ بِمِئَةِ نَاقَةٍ.
Translation
✧ [ The reason the Messenger called Khirāsh "al-Qattāl" (the deadly killer) ] Ibn Abī Shaybah narrated from al-Zuhrī, and Muḥammad b. ʿUmar from his shaykhs, that they said: A raiding party from Hudhayl set out in the Jāhiliyyah, among them Junaydib b. al-Adlaʿ al-Hudhalī, intending [to attack] the clan of Aḥmar Baʾsan of Aslam. Aḥmar Baʾsan was a man of Aslam, brave and unassailable. He would not sleep among his people except that he slept outside his settlement. When he slept, he snored with a loud, unmistakable snoring that made his location plain. When the settlement was alarmed, they would cry out, "O Aḥmar Baʾsan!" and he would spring up like a lion. When that raiding party from Hudhayl came to them, Junaydib b. al-Adlaʿ said to them: "If Aḥmar Baʾsan is in the settlement, there is no way to get at them. But he has a snoring that is not hidden. Let me go and listen." He listened to the sound and heard him. He came to him until he found him asleep and killed him, placing the sword on his chest, then leaning on it, so he killed him. Then they attacked the clan. The clan shouted, "O Aḥmar Baʾsan!" but there was nothing from Aḥmar Baʾsan: he had been killed. They got what they wanted from the clan and departed. People became occupied with Islam. When it was a day after the conquest, Junaydib b. al-Adlaʿ al-Hudhalī entered Makkah to look around and observe, while the people were safe. Jundub b. al-Aʿjam al-Aslamī saw him and said: "Junaydib b. al-Adlaʿ, the killer of Aḥmar Baʾsan?" He said: "Yes, so what?" Jundub went out to summon his clan for help against him. The first person he met was Khirāsh b. Umayyah al-Kaʿbī, and he told him. Khirāsh wrapped himself in his sword, then approached him—the people were around him, and he was telling them about the killing of Aḥmar Baʾsan. While they were gathered around him, Khirāsh b. Umayyah came up and said: "Make way for the man." By God, the people only thought that he was making way for them to disperse, so they parted. Then Khirāsh b. Umayyah attacked him with the sword and thrust him in the belly while Ibn al-Adlaʿ was leaning against one of the walls of Makkah. His entrails began to pour from his belly, and his eyes were bulging in his head while he said: "Have you done it, O company of Khuzāʿah?" Then he collapsed, fell, and died. The Messenger of God ﷺ heard of that and said: "O company of Khuzāʿah, lift your hands from killing, for killing has become much. You have killed a slain man for whom I shall surely pay the blood money. Indeed, Khirāsh is a deadly killer"—finding fault with him for that. "If I were to kill a believer for an unbeliever, I would have killed Khirāsh." Al-Shaykhān and al-Tirmidhī narrated from Ibn Shurayḥ Khuwaylid b. ʿAmr al-ʿAdawī, al-Shaykhān from Ibn ʿAbbās, and Ibn Manīʿ with an authentic isnād, and Ibn Abī ʿAmr; and Imām Aḥmad and al-Bayhaqī from Ibn ʿUmar, Ibn Abī Shaybah and al-Shaykhān from Abū Hurayrah ؓ, Ibn Abī Shaybah from al-Zuhrī, Ibn Isḥāq from some of the people of knowledge, and Muḥammad b. ʿUmar from his shaykhs. They said: When it was the morrow of the day of the conquest, Khuzāʿah attacked a man of Hudhayl and killed him—while he was a polytheist. The Messenger of God ﷺ stood as a preacher after the noon prayer, leaning his back against the Kaʿbah. According to Ibn Abī Shaybah from Abū Hurayrah: He ﷺ mounted his riding camel, praised God and lauded Him, and said: "O people, God Almighty made Makkah sacred on the day He created the heavens and the earth, and on the day He created the sun and the moon, and He placed these two mountains. It is not the people who made it sacred. It is sacred until the Day of Resurrection. It is not lawful for a man who believes in God and the Last Day to shed blood in it or to cut down a tree in it. It was not lawful to anyone before me, and it will not be lawful to anyone after me. It was not lawful to me except for this hour, out of anger against its people. Indeed, its sacredness has returned today as its sacredness was yesterday. Let the witness among you convey to the absent. Whoever says to you that the Messenger of God ﷺ fought in it, say to him: God Almighty made it lawful for the Messenger of God ﷺ and did not make it lawful for you. O people, the most hostile of people against God is one who kills in the Sanctuary, or kills someone other than his killer, or kills for the vengeance of the Jāhiliyyah. O company of Khuzāʿah, lift your hands from killing, for by God, it has become much, if that avails. You have killed a slain man for whom I shall surely pay the blood money. Whoever kills after this standing of mine, his family has the better of two options: if they wish, full blood money, and if they wish, his execution." Then the Messenger of God ﷺ paid the blood money for that man whom Khuzāʿah had killed. [ The first slain man for whom the Messenger paid blood money on the day of the conquest ] Ibn Hishām said: It has reached me that the first slain man for whom the Messenger of God ﷺ paid blood money on the day of the conquest was Junaydib b. al-Akwaʿ, whom Banū Kaʿb killed, and he paid his blood money with a hundred she-camels.
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