Tarikh (al-Tabari) 1416
The Conquest of Makkah
ذِكْرُ الْأَسْبَابِ الْمُوجِبَةِ لِلْمَسِيرِ إِلَى مَكَّةَ [ الْقِتَالُ بَيْنَ بَكْرٍ وَخُزَاعَةَ ] قَالَ ابْنُ إِسْحَاقَ: وَكَانَ السَّبَبُ الَّذِي هَاجَهُمْ أن خُزَاعَةُ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ أَصَابُوا رَجُلًا مِنْ بَنِي الْحَضْرَمِيِّ وَاسْمُهُ مَالِكُ بْنُ عَبَّادٍ، وَحِلْفُ الْحَضْرَمِيٍّ يَوْمَئِذٍ إِلَى الْأَسْوَدِ بْنِ رَزْنٍ، خَرَجَ تَاجِرًا، فَلَمَّا تَوَسَّطَ أَرْضَ خُزَاعَةَ عَدُوْا عَلَيْهِ فَقَتَلُوهُ وَأَخَذُوا مَالَهُ فَمَرَّ رَجُلٌ مِنْ خُزَاعَةَ عَلَى بَنِي الدّيلِ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ فَقَتَلُوهُ، فَوَقَعَتِ الْحَرْبُ بَيْنَهُمْ، فَمَرَّ بَنُو الْأَسْوَدِ بْنِ رَزْنٍ. وَهُمْ ذُؤَيْبٌ، وَسُلْمَى، وَكُلْثُومٌ عَلَى خُزَاعَةَ فَقَتَلُوهُمْ بِعَرَفَةَ عِنْدَ أَنْصَابِ الْحَرَمِ، وَكَانَ قَوْمُ الْأَسْوَدِ منْخُرَ بَنِي كِنَانَةَ يَوَدُّونَ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ دِيَتَيْنِ لِفَضْلِهِمْ فِي بَنِي بَكْرٍ، ونودى دِيَةً، فَبَيْنَا بَنُو بَكْرٍ وَخُزَاعَةُ عَلَى ذَلِكَ بَعَثَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ فَحَجَزَ بِالْإِسْلَامِ بَيْنَهُمْ، وَتَشَاغَلَ النَّاسُ بِهِ - وَهُمْ عَلَى مَا هُمْ عَلَيْهِ مِنَ الْعَدَاوَةِ فِي أَنْفُسِهِمْ - فَلَمَّا كَانَ صُلْحُ الْحُدَيْبِيَةِ بَيْنَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَبَيْنَ قُرَيْشٍ، وَوَقَعَ الشَّرْطُ «وَمَنْ أَحَبَّ أَنْ يَدْخُلَ فِي عَقْدِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَلْيَدْخُلْ، وَمَنْ أَرَادَ أَنْ يَدْخُلَ فِي عَقْدِ قُرَيْشٍ فَلْيَدْخُلْ” فَدَخَلَتْ خُزَاعَةُ فِي عَقْدِ رَسُولِ ﷺ وَكَانَتْ خُزَاعَةُ حُلَفَاءَ عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ بْنِ هَاشِمٍ، وَكَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِذَلِكَ عَارِفًا، وَلَقَدْ جَاءَتْهُ خُزَاعَةُ يَوْمَئِذَ بِكِتَابِ عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ فَقَرَأَهُ عَلَيْهِ أُبَيُّ بْنُ كَعْبٍ ؓ وَهُوَ: «بِاسْمِكَ اللَّهُمَّ، هَذَا حِلْفُ عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ بْنِ هَاشِمٍ لِخُزَاعَةَ، إِذْ قَدِمَ عَلَيْهِ سرَوَاتُهُمْ وَأَهْلُ الرَّأْيِ، غَائِبُهُمْ مُقِرٌّ بِمَا قَاضَى عَلَيْهِ شَاهِدُهُمْ، إِنَّ بَيْنَنَا وَبَيْنَكُمْ عُهُودَ اللَّهِ وَعُقُودَهُ، وَمَا لَا يُنْسَى أَبَدًا، الْيَدُ وَاحِدَةٌ، وَالنَّصْرُ وَاحِدٌ مَا أَشْرَفَ ثبيرُ، وَثَبَتَ حِرَاءُ مَكَانَهُ وَمَا بَلَّ بَحْرٌ صُوفَةً وَلَا يَزْدَادُ فِيمَا بَيْنَنَا وَبَيْنَكُمْ إِلَّا تَجَدُّدًا أَبَدَ الدَّهْرِ سَرْمَدًا. فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «مَا أَعْرَفَنِي بِخُلُقِكُمْ وَأَنْتُمْ عَلَى مَا أَسْلَمْتُمْ عَلَيْهِ مِنَ الْحِلْفِ! فَكُلُّ حِلْفٍ كَانَ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ فَلَا يَزِيدُهُ الْإِسْلَامُ إِلَّا شِدَّةً وَلَا حِلْفَ فِي الْإِسْلَامِ”.
Translation
✧ Mention of the causes that made it obligatory to march to Makkah [The fighting between Bakr and Khuzāʿah] Ibn Isḥāq said: The cause that stirred them was that Khuzāʿah in the pre-Islamic era had fallen upon a man of Banū al-Ḥaḍramī, whose name was Mālik b. ʿAbbād, and the alliance of al-Ḥaḍramī that day belonged to al-Aswad b. Razn. He had gone out as a merchant, and when he reached the middle of Khuzāʿah's land they attacked him, killed him, and took his property. Afterwards a man of Khuzāʿah passed by Banū al-Dīl, and they killed him. Thus war broke out between them. Then the sons of al-Aswad b. Razn, who were Dhuʾayb, Sulmā, and Kulthūm, passed by Khuzāʿah and killed them at ʿArafah by the boundary stones of the sanctuary. The people of al-Aswad were the leading clan of Banū Kinānah; in the pre-Islamic era they paid two bloodwits because of their superiority among Banū Bakr, while others were assessed one bloodwit. While Banū Bakr and Khuzāʿah were in that state, the Messenger of God ﷺ was sent, and he restrained them through Islam, and the people became occupied with it, while they still harbored enmity toward one another in their hearts. When the Treaty of al-Ḥudaybiyah was concluded between the Messenger of God ﷺ and Quraysh, and the condition was stipulated: "Whoever wishes to enter the pact of the Messenger of God ﷺ may enter it, and whoever wishes to enter the pact of Quraysh may enter it," Khuzāʿah entered the pact of the Messenger ﷺ. Khuzāʿah had been allies of ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib b. Hāshim, and the Messenger of God ﷺ was aware of that. On that day Khuzāʿah brought him the document of ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib, and Ubayy b. Kaʿb ؓ read it to him. It read: "In Your name, O God. This is the alliance of ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib b. Hāshim with Khuzāʿah, when their chiefs and men of sound judgment came to him, their absent ones affirming what their present ones had concluded. Between us and you are God's covenants and His bonds, which are never forgotten. The hand is one, and victory is one, as long as Thabīr rises and Ḥirāʾ remains fixed in its place, and as long as the sea has ever wetted wool. Nothing between us and you shall increase except in renewal forever, eternally. The Messenger of God ﷺ said: "How well I know your character, and you remain upon the alliance upon which you embraced Islam, for every alliance that existed in the pre-Islamic era Islam only increases in strength, but there is no new alliance in Islam."
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