Tarikh (al-Tabari) 1411
The Expedition of Muʾtah
فَصْلٌ فِي مَنِ اسْتُشْهِدَ يَوْمَ مُؤْتَةَ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ فَمِنَ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ، جَعْفَرُ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ، وَمَوْلَاهُمْ زَيْدُ بْنُ حَارِثَةَ الْكَلْبِيُّ، وَمَسْعُودُ بْنُ الْأَسْوَدِ بْنِ حَارِثَةَ بْنِ نَضْلَةَ الْعَدَوِيُّ، وَوَهْبُ بْنُ سَعْدِ بْنِ أَبِي سَرْحٍ، فَهَؤُلَاءِ أَرْبَعَةُ نَفَرٍ. وَمِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ، عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ رَوَاحَةَ وَعَبَّادُ بْنُ قَيْسٍ الْخَزْرَجِيَّانِ، وَالْحَارِثُ بْنُ النُّعْمَانِ بْنِ إِسَافِ بْنِ نَضْلَةَ النَّجَّارِيُّ، وَسُرَاقَةُ بْنُ عَمْرِو بْنِ عَطِيَّةَ بْنِ خَنْسَاءَ الْمَازِنِيُّ، أَرْبَعَةُ نَفَرٍ. فَمَجْمُوعُ مَنْ قُتِلَ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ يَوْمَئِذٍ هَؤُلَاءِ الثَّمَانِيَةُ، عَلَى مَا ذَكَرَهُ ابْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، لَكِنْ قَالَ ابْنُ هِشَامٍ: وَمِمَّنِ اسْتُشْهِدَ يَوْمَ مُؤْتَةَ، فِيمَا ذَكَرَهُ ابْنُ شِهَابٍ الزُّهْرِيُّ، أَبُو كُلَيْبٍ وَجَابِرٌ ابْنَا عَمْرِو بْنِ زَيْدِ بْنِ عَوْفِ بْنِ مَبْذُولٍ الْمَازِنِيَّانِ، وَهُمَا شَقِيقَانِ لِأَبٍ وَأُمٍّ، وَعَمْرٌو وَعَامِرٌ ابْنَا سَعْدِ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ بْنِ عَبَّادِ بْنِ سَعْدِ بْنِ عَامِرِ بْنِ ثَعْلَبَةَ بْنِ مَالِكِ بْنِ أَفْصَى. فَهَؤُلَاءِ أَرْبَعَةٌ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ أَيْضًا، فَالْمَجْمُوعُ عَلَى الْقَوْلَيْنِ اثْنَا عَشَرَ رَجُلًا، وَهَذَا عَظِيمٌ جِدًّا أَنْ يَتَقَاتَلَ جَيْشَانِ مُتَعَادِيَانِ فِي الدِّينِ، أَحَدُهُمَا، وَهُوَ الْفِئَةُ الَّتِي تُقَاتِلُ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ، عِدَّتُهَا ثَلَاثَةُ آلَافِ مُقَاتِلٍ، وَأُخْرَى كَافِرَةٌ عِدَّتُهَا مِائَتَا أَلْفِ مُقَاتِلٍ، مِنَ الرُّومِ مِائَةُ أَلْفٍ، وَمِنْ نَصَارَى الْعَرَبِ مِائَةُ أَلْفٍ، يَتَبَارَزُونَ وَيَتَصَاوَلُونَ، ثُمَّ مَعَ هَذَا كُلِّهِ لَا يُقْتَلُ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ إِلَّا اثْنَا عَشَرَ رَجُلًا، وَقَدْ قُتِلَ مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ خَلْقٌ كَثِيرٌ. هَذَا خَالِدٌ وَحَدَهُ يَقُولُ: لَقَدِ انْدَقَّتْ فِي يَدِي يَوْمَئِذٍ تِسْعَةُ أَسْيَافٍ، وَمَا صَبَرَتْ فِي يَدِي إِلَّا صَفِيحَةٌ يَمَانِيَةٌ. فَمَاذَا تُرَى قَدْ قُتِلَ بِهَذِهِ الْأَسْيَافِ كُلِّهَا ؟! دَعْ غَيْرَهُ مِنَ الْأَبْطَالِ وَالشُّجْعَانِ، مِنْ حَمَلَةِ الْقُرْآنِ، وَقَدْ تَحَكَّمُوا فِي عَبَدَةِ الصُّلْبَانِ، عَلَيْهِمْ لَعَائِنُ الرَّحْمَنِ، فِي ذَلِكَ الزَّمَانِ، وَفِي كُلِّ أَوَانٍ. وَهَذَا مِمَّا يَدْخُلُ فِي قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى: قَدْ كَانَ لَكُمْ آيَةٌ فِي فِئَتَيْنِ الْتَقَتَا فِئَةٌ تُقَاتِلُ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ وَأُخْرَى كَافِرَةٌ يَرَوْنَهُمْ مِثْلَيْهِمْ رَأْيَ الْعَيْنِ وَاللَّهُ يُؤَيِّدُ بِنَصْرِهِ مَنْ يَشَاءُ إِنَّ فِي ذَلِكَ لَعِبْرَةً لِأُولِي الْأَبْصَارِ ( آلِ عِمْرَانَ: 13 ).
Translation
✧ Chapter on the Muslims who were martyred on the day of Muʾtah Among the Emigrants: Jaʿfar b. Abī Ṭālib, and their client Zayd b. Ḥārithah al-Kalbī, and Masʿūd b. al-Aswad b. Ḥārithah b. Naḍlah al-ʿAdawī, and Wahb b. Saʿd b. Abī Sarḥ. These are four men. Among the Anṣār: ʿAbd Allāh b. Rawāḥah and ʿAbbād b. Qays, both of Khazraj, and al-Ḥārith b. al-Nuʿmān b. Isāf b. Naḍlah al-Najjārī, and Surāqah b. ʿAmr b. ʿAṭiyyah b. Khansāʾ al-Māzinī. These are four men. Thus the total of Muslims killed that day, according to what Ibn Isḥāq mentioned, is these eight. However, Ibn Hishām said: Among those martyred on the day of Muʾtah, as mentioned by Ibn Shihāb al-Zuhrī, were Abū Kulayb and Jābir, the two sons of ʿAmr b. Zayd b. ʿAwf b. Mabdhūl al-Māzinī—they were full brothers, sharing both father and mother—and ʿAmr and ʿĀmir, the two sons of Saʿd b. al-Ḥārith b. ʿAbbād b. Saʿd b. ʿĀmir b. Thaʿlabah b. Mālik b. Afṣā. These are four more from the Anṣār. Thus the total, on both accounts, is twelve men. This is truly remarkable: that two hostile armies in religion should fight one another, one of them—the party fighting in the way of God—numbering three thousand combatants, and the other, an unbelieving force, numbering two hundred thousand combatants, one hundred thousand from the Byzantines and one hundred thousand from the Christian Arabs, who met in single combat and clashed. Yet with all this, only twelve Muslim men were killed, while a great many of the polytheists were slain. Here is Khālid alone saying: On that day nine swords broke in my hand, and nothing remained firm in my hand except a Yemeni blade. What then do you suppose was killed with all these swords?! Leave aside the other heroes and brave men, from the bearers of the Qurʾān, who held sway over the worshippers of the cross—upon them be the curses of the Most Merciful—in that time, and in every age. This is among what enters into the words of the Exalted: “There was a sign for you in the two parties that met: one party fighting in the way of God and the other disbelieving. They saw them as twice their own number, with the eye’s sight, and God strengthens with His aid whom He wills. Indeed in that there is a lesson for those possessed of insight” (Āl ʿImrān: 13).
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