Tarikh (al-Tabari) 1403
The Expedition of Muʾtah
[ إمَارَةُ جَعْفَرٍ وَمَقْتَلُهُ ] ثُمَّ أَخَذَهَا جَعْفَرٌ فَقَاتَلَ بِهَا، حَتَّى إذَا أَلْحَمَهُ الْقِتَالُ اقْتَحَمَ عَنْ فَرَسٍ لَهُ شَقْرَاءَ، فَعَقَرَهَا، ثُمَّ قَاتَلَ الْقَوْمَ حَتَّى قُتِلَ. فَكَانَ جَعْفَرٌ أَوَّلَ رَجُلٍ مِنْ الْمُسْلِمِينَ عَقَرَ فِي الْإِسْلَامِ. وَحَدَّثَنِي يَحْيَى بْنُ عَبَّادِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَبَّادٍ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي الَّذِي أَرْضَعَنِي، وَكَانَ أَحَدَ بَنِي مُرَّةَ بْنِ عَوْفٍ، وَكَانَ فِي تِلْكَ الْغَزْوَةِ غَزْوَةِ مُؤْتَةَ قَالَ: وَاَللَّهِ لَكَأَنِّي أَنْظُرُ إلَى جَعْفَرٍ حِينَ اقْتَحَمَ عَنْ فَرَسٍ لَهُ شَقْرَاءَ ثُمَّ عَقَرَهَا ثُمَّ قَاتَلَ حَتَّى قُتِلَ وَهُوَ يَقُولُ: يَا حَبَّذَا الْجَنَّةُ وَاقْتِرَابُهَا طَيِّبَةً وَبَارِدًا شَرَابُهَا وَالرُّومُ رُومٌ قَدْ دَنَا عَذَابُهَا كَافِرَةٌ بَعِيدَةٌ أَنْسَابُهَا عَلَيَّ إذْ لَاقَيْتُهَا ضِرَابُهَا وَرَوَى الْبُخَارِيُّ وَالْبَيْهَقِيُّ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ ؓ قَالَ: «كُنْتُ فِيهِمْ فِي تِلْكَ الْغَزْوَةِ فَالْتَمَسْنَا جَعْفَرَ بْنَ أَبِي طَالِبٍ فَوَجَدْنَاهُ فِي الْقَتْلَى وَوَجَدْنَا فِي جَسَدِهِ بِضْعًا وَسِتِّينَ مِنْ طَعْنَةٍ وَرَمْيَةٍ، وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ عَنْهُ قَالَ: «وَقَفْتُ عَلَى جَعْفَرِ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ يَوْمَئِذٍ وَهُوَ قَتِيلٌ فَعَدَدْتُ بِهِ خَمْسِينَ مِنْ طَعْنَةٍ وَضَرْبَةٍ لَيْسَ مِنْهَا شَيْءٌ فِي دُبُرِهِ». قَالَ ابْنُ هِشَامٍ: وَحَدَّثَنِي مَنْ أَثِقُ بِهِ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ: أَنَّ جَعْفَرَ بْنَ أَبِي طَالِبٍ أَخَذَ اللِّوَاءَ بِيَمِينِهِ فَقَطِعَتْ، فَأَخَذَهُ بِشِمَالِهِ فَقُطِعَتْ، فَاحْتَضَنَهُ بِعَضُدَيْهِ حَتَّى قُتِلَ ؓ وَهُوَ ابْنُ ثَلَاثٍ وَثَلَاثِينَ سَنَةً، فَأَثَابَهُ اللَّهُ بِذَلِكَ جَنَاحَيْنِ فِي الْجَنَّةِ يَطِيرُ بِهِمَا حَيْثُ شَاءَ. وَيُقَالُ: إنَّ رَجُلًا مِنْ الرُّومِ ضَرَبَهُ يَوْمَئِذٍ ضَرْبَةً، فَقَطَعَهُ بِنِصْفَيْنِ. قَتْلَ الْحَيَوَانِ خَشْيَةَ أَنْ يَنْتَفِعَ بِهِ الْعَدُوُّ وَقَدِ اسْتَدَلَّ بِهِ مَنْ جَوَّزَ قَتْلَ الْحَيَوَانِ خَشْيَةَ أَنْ يَنْتَفِعَ بِهِ الْعَدُوُّ، كَمَا يَقُولُ أَبُو حَنِيفَةَ فِي الْأَغْنَامِ إِذَا لَمْ تَتْبَعْ فِي السَّيْرِ، وَيُخْشَى مِنْ لُحُوقِ الْعَدُوِّ لَهَا وَانْتِفَاعِهِمْ بِهَا، أَنَّهَا تُذْبَحُ وَتُحَرَّقُ، لِيُحَالَ بَيْنَهُمْ وَبَيْنَ ذَلِكَ. وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ. قَالَ السُّهَيْلِيُّ: وَلَمْ يُنْكِرْ أَحَدٌ عَلَى جَعْفَرٍ، فَدَلَّ عَلَى جَوَازِهِ إِذَا خِيفَ أَخْذُ الْعَدُوِّ لَهُ، وَلَا يَدْخُلُ ذَلِكَ فِي النَّهْيِ عَنْ قَتْلِ الْحَيَوَانِ عَبَثًا .
Translation
✧ [The Command of Jaʿfar and His Killing] Then Jaʿfar took it and fought with it, until when the fighting enveloped him he dismounted from a bay horse of his, hamstrung it, then fought the people until he was killed. Jaʿfar was the first man among the Muslims to hamstring a horse in Islam. Yaḥyā b. ʿAbbād b. ʿAbd Allāh b. al-Zubayr related to me, from his father ʿAbbād, who said: My father, who suckled me, and who was one of the Banū Murrah b. ʿAwf, and who was in that expedition, the expedition of Muʾtah, related to me, saying: By God, it is as if I am looking at Jaʿfar when he dismounted from a bay horse of his, then hamstrung it, then fought until he was killed, while saying: How welcome is Paradise and its nearness, Goodly and cool is its drink, And the Romans, Romans whose punishment has drawn near, Unbelieving, with distant lineages, Upon me, when I meet them, is their striking. Al-Bukhārī and al-Bayhaqī related from ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿUmar ؓ that he said: “I was among them in that expedition, and we sought Jaʿfar b. Abī Ṭālib, and we found him among the slain, and we found on his body seventy-some stab wounds and arrow shots.” And in another narration from him, he said: “I stood over Jaʿfar b. Abī Ṭālib that day while he was killed, and I counted fifty stab wounds and blows on him, none of them on his back.” Ibn Hishām said: One whom I trust among the people of knowledge related to me that Jaʿfar b. Abī Ṭālib took the banner with his right hand and it was cut off, so he took it with his left hand and it was cut off, so he clasped it with his upper arms until he was killed ؓ, and he was thirty-three years old. God rewarded him for that with two wings in Paradise with which he flies wherever he wishes. It is said that a man from the Romans struck him that day a blow and cut him in two halves. Killing an animal for fear that the enemy might benefit from it. Some have used this as evidence for those who permit killing an animal for fear that the enemy might benefit from it, as Abū Ḥanīfah says regarding sheep, if they cannot keep up in the march, and it is feared that the enemy will catch up to them and benefit from them, that they should be slaughtered and burned, to prevent them from that. And God knows best. Al-Suhaylī said: No one objected to Jaʿfar, which indicates its permissibility when one fears the enemy may take it, and this does not fall under the prohibition of killing animals in vain.
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