Tarikh (al-Tabari) 1349
The Expedition of Khaybar
انْتِقَالِهِ ﷺ إِلَى حُصُونِ الْكَتِيبَةِ وَبَعْثِهِ السَّرَايَا لِوَجَعِ رَأْسِهِ وَمَا وَقَعَ فِي ذَلِكَ مِنَ الْآيَاتِ لَمَّا فَتَحَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ حُصُونَ النَّطَاةِ، وَالشِّقُّ انْهَزَمَ مَنْ سَلَّمَ مِنْهُمْ إِلَى حُصُونِ الْكَتِيبَةِ، وَأَعْظَمُ حُصُونِهَا الْقَمُوصُ، وَكَانَ حِصْنًا مَنِيعًا. ذَكَرَ مُوسَى بْنُ عُقْبَةَ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ حَاصَرَهُ قَرِيبًا مِنْ عِشْرِينَ لَيْلَةً، وَكَانَتْ أَرْضًا وَخِمَةً. وَرَوَى الشَّيْخَانِ عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ، وَالْبُخَارِيُّ وَابْنُ أَبِي أُسَامَةَ، وَأَبُو نُعَيْمٍ عَنْ سَلَمَةَ بْنِ الْأَكْوَعِ، وَأَبُو نُعَيْمٍ، وَالْبَيْهَقِيُّ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ بُرَيْدَةَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ. وَأَبُو نُعَيْمٍ عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، وَسَعْدِ بْنِ أَبِي وَقَّاصٍ، وأَبُو سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيُّ، وَعِمْرَانُ بْنُ حُصَيْنٍ، وَجَابِرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَأَبُو لَيْلَى، وَمُسْلِمٌ، وَالْبَيْهَقِيُّ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، وَالْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ وَأَبُو يَعْلَى وَالْبَيْهَقِيُّ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ ؓ قَالَ بُرَيْدَةُ ؓ: كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ تَأْخُذُهُ الشَّقِيقَةُ فَيَمْكُثُ الْيَوْمَ وَالْيَوْمَيْنِ لَا يَخْرُجُ، فَلَمَّا نَزَلَ خَيْبَرَ أَخَذَتْهُ الشَّقِيقَةُ فَلَمْ يَخْرُجْ إِلَى النَّاسِ، فَأَرْسَلَ أَبَا بَكْرٍ ؓ فَأَخَذَ رَايَةَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، ثُمَّ نَهَضَ فَقَاتَلَ قِتَالًا شَدِيدًا، ثُمَّ رَجَعَ، وَلَمْ يَكُنْ فَتْحٌ. وَقَدْ جَهِدَ، ثُمَّ أَرْسَلَ عُمَرَ ؓ فَأَخَذَ رَايَةَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَاتَلَ قِتَالًا شَدِيدًا هُوَ أَشَدُّ مِنَ الْقِتَالِ الْأَوَّلِ، ثُمَّ رَجَعَ، وَلَمْ يَكُنْ فَتْحٌ. وَفِي حَدِيثٍ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ عِنْدَ الْبَيْهَقِيِّ: إِنَّ الْغَلَبَةَ كَانَتْ لِلْيَهُودِ فِي الْيَوْمَيْنِ. انْتَهَى. [ شَأْنُ عَلِيٍّ يَوْمَ خَيْبَرَ ] فَأَخْبَرَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِذَلِكَ فَقَالَ: «لَأُعْطِيَنَّ الرَّايَةَ غَدًا رَجُلًا يَفْتَحُ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ، لَيْسَ بِفَرَّارٍ، يُحِبُّ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ، يَأْخُذُهَا عَنْوَةً» وَفِي لَفْظٍ «يَفْتَحُ اللَّهُ عَلَى يَدَيْهِ» قَالَ بُرَيْدَةُ: فَبِتْنَا طَيِّبَةً أَنْفُسُنَا أَنْ يُفْتَحَ غَدًا، وَبَاتَ النَّاسُ يَدُوكُونَ لَيْلَتَهُمْ أَيُّهُمْ يُعْطَاهَا، فَلَمَّا أَصْبَحَ النَّاسُ غَدَوْا عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ كُلُّهُمْ يَرْجُو أَنْ يُعْطَاهَا، قَالَ أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ عُمَرُ: فَمَا أَحْبَبْتُ الْإِمَارَةَ قَطُّ حَتَّى كَانَ يَوْمَئِذٍ. قَالَ بُرَيْدَةُ: فَمَا مِنَّا رَجُلٌ لَهُ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ مَنْزِلَةٌ إِلَّا وَهُوَ يَرْجُو أَنْ يَكُونَ ذَلِكَ الرَّجُلَ، حَتَّى تَطَاوَلْتُ أَنَالُهَا، وَرَفَعْتُ رَأْسِي لِمَنْزِلَةٍ كَانَتْ لِي مِنْهُ، وَلَيْسَ مِنَّةً. وَفِي حَدِيثِ سَلَمَةَ، وَجَابِرٍ: وَكَانَ عَلِيٌّ تَخَلَّفَ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ لِرَمَدٍ شَدِيدٍ كَانَ بِهِ لَا يُبْصِرُ، فَلَمَّا سَارَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: لَا، أَنَا أَتَخَلَّفُ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ !! فَخَرَجَ فَلَحِقَ بِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ بُرَيْدَةُ: وَجَاءَ عَلِيٌّ ؓ حَتَّى أَنَاخَ قَرِيبًا، وَهُوَ رَمِدٌ، قَدْ عَصَبَ عَيْنَيْهِ بِشِقِّ بُرْدٍ قِطْرِيٍّ، قَالَ بُرَيْدَةُ: فَمَا أَصْبَحَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ صَلَّى الْغَدَاةَ، ثُمَّ دَعَا بِاللِّوَاءِ، وَقَامَ قَائِمًا. قَالَ ابْنُ شِهَابٍ: فَوَعَظَ النَّاسَ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: «أَيْنَ عَلِيٌّ» ؟ قَالُوا: يَشْتَكِي عَيْنَيْهِ، قَالَ: «فَأَرْسَلُوا إِلَيْهِ» قَالَ سَلَمَةُ: فَجِئْتُ بِهِ أَقُودُهُ، قَالُوا كُلُّهُمْ: فَأَتَى بِهِ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ لَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ «مَا لَكَ ؟ » قَالَ: رَمِدْتُ حَتَّى لَا أُبْصِرَ مَا قُدَّامِي. قَالَ: «ادْنُ مِنِّي» وَفِي حَدِيثِ عَلِيٍّ عِنْدَ الْحَاكِمِ: فَوَضَعَ رَأْسِي عِنْدَ حِجْرِهِ، ثُمَّ بَزَقَ فِي أَلْيَةِ يَدِهِ فَدَلَكَ بِهَا عَيْنِي، قَالُوا: فَبَرَأَ كَأَنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ بِهِ وَجَعٌ قَطُّ، فَمَا وَجِعَهُمَا عَلِيٌّ حَتَّى مَضَى لِسَبِيلِهِ، وَدَعَا لَهُ وَأَعْطَاهُ الرَّايَةَ، قَالَ سَهْلٌ فَقَالَ عَلِيٌّ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ أُقَاتِلُهُمْ حَتَّى يَكُونُوا مِثْلَنَا. فَقَالَ: «انْفُذْ عَلَى رِسْلِكَ حَتَّى تَنْزِلَ بِسَاحَتِهِمْ. ثُمَّ ادْعُهُمْ إِلَى الْإِسْلَامِ، وَأَخْبِرْهُمْ بِمَا يَجِبُ عَلَيْهِمْ مِنْ حَقِّ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى - وَحَقِّ رَسُولِهِ. فَوَ اللَّهِ لَأَنْ يَهْدِيَ اللَّهُ بِكَ رَجُلًا وَاحِدًا خَيْرٌ لَكَ مِنْ أَنْ يَكُونَ لَكَ حُمْرُ النَّعَمِ» وَقَالَ أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ: إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ لِعَلِيٍّ: «اذْهَبْ فَقَاتِلْهُمْ حَتَّى يَفْتَحَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْكَ وَلَا تَلْتَفِتْ» قَالَ: عَلَامَ أُقَاتِلُ النَّاسَ ؟ قَالَ: «قَاتِلْهُمْ حَتَّى يَشْهَدُوا أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ وَأَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا عَبْدُهُ وَرَسُولُهُ، فَإِذَا فَعَلُوا ذَلِكَ فَقَدْ مَنَعُوا مِنْكَ دِمَاءَهُمْ وَأَمْوَالَهُمْ إِلَّا بِحَقِّهَا، وَحِسَابُهُمْ عَلَى اللَّهِ» فَخَرَجُوا، فَخَرَجَ بِهَا وَاللَّهُ يَؤُجُّ يُهَرْوِلُ هَرْوَلَةً. حَتَّى رَكَّزَهَا تَحْتَ الْحِصْنِ فَاطَّلَعَ يَهُودِيٌّ مِنْ رَأْسِ الْحِصْنِ فَقَالَ: مَنْ أَنْتَ ؟ قَالَ: عَلِيٌّ، فَقَالَ الْيَهُودِيُّ غَلَبَتْهُمْ وَالَّذِي أَنْزَلَ التَّوْرَاةَ عَلَى مُوسَى، فَمَا رَجَعَ حَتَّى فَتَحَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى عَلَى يَدَيْهِ. قَالَ أَبُو نُعَيْمٍ: فِيهِ دَلَالَةٌ عَلَى أَنَّ فَتْحَ عَلِيٍّ لِحِصْنِهِمْ مُقَدَّمٌ فِي كُتُبِهِمْ بِتَوْجِيهٍ مِنَ اللَّهِ وَجَّهَهُ إِلَيْهِمْ، وَيَكُونُ فَتْحُ اللَّهِ - تَعَالَى - عَلَى يَدَيْهِ.
Translation
✧ His ﷺ moving to the forts of al-Katībah and his sending expeditions due to his headache, and the signs that occurred in that When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ conquered the forts of al-Naṭāh and al-Shiqq, those of them who surrendered fled to the forts of al-Katībah, the greatest of whose forts was al-Qamūṣ, and it was an impregnable fort. Mūsā b. ʿUqbah mentioned that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ besieged it for nearly twenty nights, and it was an unhealthy land. Al-Bukhārī and Muslim narrated from Sahl b. Saʿd; al-Bukhārī, Ibn Abī Usāmah, and Abū Nuʿaym from Salamah b. al-Akwaʿ; Abū Nuʿaym and al-Bayhaqī from ʿAbd Allāh b. Buraydah from his father; Abū Nuʿaym from Ibn ʿUmar, Saʿd b. Abī Waqqāṣ, Abū Saʿīd al-Khudrī, ʿImrān b. Ḥuṣayn, Jābir b. ʿAbd Allāh, Abū Laylā; Muslim and al-Bayhaqī from Abū Hurayrah; and Imām Aḥmad, Abū Yaʿlā, and al-Bayhaqī from ʿAlī ؓ. Buraydah ؓ said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ used to be afflicted with migraine and would stay a day or two without going out. When he encamped at Khaybar, migraine afflicted him and he did not go out to the people. He sent Abū Bakr ؓ, who took the banner of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, then rose and fought intensely, then returned, and there was no conquest, and he was exhausted. Then he sent ʿUmar ؓ, who took the banner of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and fought intensely, more severely than the first fighting, then returned, and there was no conquest. In a hadith from ʿAlī in al-Bayhaqī: the victory belonged to the Jews during those two days. End quote. [ The affair of ʿAlī on the day of Khaybar ] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ was informed of that and said: "I shall give the banner tomorrow to a man through whom Allah will grant victory; he is not one who flees, he loves Allah and His Messenger, and he will take it by force." In another wording: "Allah will grant victory at his hands." Buraydah said: We spent the night pleased, hoping for victory the next day, and the people spent their night wondering which of them would be given it. When morning came, the people went out to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, all hoping to be given it. Abū Hurayrah said: ʿUmar said: I never desired command except on that day. Buraydah said: There was not one of us who had standing with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ but hoped to be that man, until I stretched my neck and raised my head because of the standing I had with him, and it was no favor. In the hadith of Salamah and Jābir: ʿAlī had stayed behind from the Messenger of Allah ﷺ because of a severe eye inflammation he had, so that he could not see. When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ set out, he said: No, shall I stay behind from the Messenger of Allah ﷺ?! He went out and caught up with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. Buraydah said: ʿAlī ؓ came and made his camel kneel nearby, while he was suffering from ophthalmia, having bandaged his eyes with a strip of a Qaṭarī cloak. Buraydah said: When morning came, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ prayed the dawn prayer, then called for the banner and stood up. Ibn Shihāb said: He admonished the people, then said: "Where is ʿAlī?" They said: He is complaining of his eyes. He said: "Send for him." Salamah said: I brought him, leading him. They all said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ had him brought, and he said to him: "What is with you?" He said: I have ophthalmia until I cannot see what is before me. He said: "Come close to me." In the hadith of ʿAlī in al-Ḥākim: He placed my head on his lap, then he spat into the palm of his hand and rubbed my eye with it. They said: He was cured as if he had never had any pain, and ʿAlī's eyes never hurt him again until he passed away. He supplicated for him and gave him the banner. Sahl said: ʿAlī said: O Messenger of Allah, shall I fight them until they become like us? He said: "Proceed at your ease until you descend into their courtyard. Then call them to Islam and inform them of what is obligatory upon them of the right of Allah the Exalted and the right of His Messenger. By Allah, for Allah to guide one man through you is better for you than having red camels." Abū Hurayrah said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said to ʿAlī: "Go and fight them until Allah grants you victory, and do not turn around." He said: On what basis shall I fight the people? He said: "Fight them until they testify that there is no god but Allah and that Muḥammad is His servant and Messenger. When they do that, they have protected their blood and their property from you except by its right, and their reckoning is upon Allah." So they went out, and he went out with it, and by Allah he was hastening, running briskly, until he planted it beneath the fort. A Jew looked out from the top of the fort and said: Who are you? He said: ʿAlī. The Jew said: You have overcome them, by the One who sent down the Torah to Moses. He did not return until Allah the Exalted granted victory at his hands. Abū Nuʿaym said: In this is proof that ʿAlī's conquest of their fort was foretold in their scriptures by a direction from Allah that He directed to them, and that the victory of Allah the Exalted would be at his hands.
Grades by grader
No grade is recorded for this wording. Ask what scholars say about its grade