Tarikh (al-Tabari) 1288
The Expedition of Banu al-Mustaliq (al-Muraysi')
غَزْوَةُ بَنِي الْمُصْطَلَقِ (الْمُرَيْسِيعِ) غَزْوَةُ بَنِي الْمُصْطَلَقِ أَوِ الْمُرَيْسِيعِ وَقَعَتْ فِي سَنَةِ سِتٍّ أَوْ خَمْسٍ أَوْ أَرْبَعٍ عَلَى خِلَافٍ، وَذَلِكَ عِنْدَمَا بَلَغَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ أَنَّ الْحَارِثَ بْنَ أَبِي ضِرَارٍ أَبَا جُوَيْرَةَ بِنْتَ الْحَارِثِ مَعَ بَنِي الْمُصْطَلَقِ يَجْمَعُونَ لَهُ، فَخَرَجَ إِلَيْهِمْ حَتَّى لَقِيَهُمْ عَلَى مَاءٍ لَهُمْ يُقَالُ لَهُ الْمُرَيْسِيعِ فَهَزَمَهُمُ اللَّهُ وَقُتِلَ عَدَدٌ مِنْهُمْ، وَنَفَّلَ اللَّهُ رَسُولَهُ ﷺ أَبْنَاءَهُمْ وَنِسَاءَهُمْ وَأَمْوَالَهُمْ. وَبَيْنَمَا النَّاسُ عَلَى الْمَاءِ إِذْ وَرَدَ بَعْضُهُمْ عَلَى بَعْضٍ فَتَشَاجَرَ رَجُلَانِ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ هُمَا جَهْجَاهْ بْنُ مَسْعُودٍ مِنْ بَنِي غِفَارٍ وَسِنَانُ بْنُ وَبَرٍ الْجُهَنِيُّ فَصَرَخَ كُلٌّ مِنْهُمَا عَلَى قَوْمِهِ، فَعَلِمَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ أَبِي الْمُنَافِقِ الْخَبَرَ وَكَانَ عِنْدَهُ رَهْطٌ مِنْ قَوْمِهِ فِيهِمْ زَيْدُ بْنُ أَرْقَمَ غُلَامٌ حَدَثٌ، فَقَالَ ابْنُ أُبَيٍّ: "أَوَقَدْ فَعَلُوهَا؟ قَدْ نَافَرُونَا، وَكَاثَرُونَا فِي بِلَادِنَا، وَاللَّهِ مَا أَعَدْنَا وَجَلَابِيبُ قُرَيْشٍ هَذِهِ، إِلَّا كَمَا قَالَ الْأَوَّلُ: سَمِّنْ كَلْبَكَ يَأْكُلْكَ. أَمَا وَاللَّهِ، لَئِنْ رَجَعْنَا إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ لِيُخْرِجَنَّ الْأَعَزُّ مِنْهَا الْأَذَلُّ. فَذَكَرَ زَيْدُ بْنُ أَرْقَمَ مَقَالَةَ ابْنِ أُبَيٍّ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ وَعِنْدَهُ عُمَرُ ؓ، فَأَشَارَ بِقَتْلِ ابْنِ أُبَيٍّ، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ حِينَئِذٍ: "فَكَيْفَ يَا عُمَرُ، إِذَا تَحَدَّثَ النَّاسُ أَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا يَقْتُلُ أَصْحَابَهُ، لَا، وَلَكِنْ أَذِنَ بِالرَّحِيلِ" فَارْتَحَلَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ بِالنَّاسِ فِي سَاعَةٍ لَمْ يَكُنْ يَرْتَحِلُ فِيهَا، حَتَّى لَا يَتَحَدَّثُ النَّاسُ بِمَا حَصَلَ فَيَحْصُلُ الشَّرُّ، وَجَاءَ ابْنُ أُبَيٍّ حَالِفًا أَنَّهُ مَا قَالَ، وَقَدِ اعْتَذَرَ الْبَعْضُ عَنْهُ بِأَنَّ الْغُلَامَ رُبَّمَا وَهِمَ فِي حَدِيثِهِ، حَتَّى أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ سُبْحَانَهُ تَصْدِيقَ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَرْقَمَ فِي سُورَةِ الْمُنَافِقُونَ. وَجَاءَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أُبَيِّ بْنِ سَلُولَ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ يَطْلُبُ مِنْهُ إِنْ كَانَ آمِرًا أَحَدًا أَنْ يُقْتَلَ أَبَاهُ أَنْ يَأْمُرَهُ هُوَ فَيَقْتُلَ أَبَاهُ بِنَفْسِهِ، وَلَكِنْ لَا يَأْمُرُ أَحَدًا مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ خَشْيَةً عَلَى نَفْسِهِ مِنَ الْفِتْنَةِ مِنْ أَنْ لَا يُطِيقَ أَنْ يَرَى قَاتِلَ وَالِدِهِ، فَيَقْتُلُ مُسْلِمًا بِكَافِرٍ فَيَهْلَكَ، فَطَيَّبَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ خَاطِرَهُ بِأَنَّهُ سَيَتَرَفَّقُ بِأَبِيهِ وَيُحْسِنُ إِلَيْهِ مَا بَقِيَ مَعَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ، فَجَعَلَ مِنْ بَعْدِ عَفْوِ الرَّسُولِ وَصَفْحِهِ ﷺ عَنْهُ كُلَّمَا أَحْدَثَ ابْنُ أُبَيٍّ حَدَثًا عَاتَبَهُ قَوْمُهُ وَعَنَّفُوهُ. وَفِي أَثْنَاءِ الْمَعْرَكَةِ قُتِلَ هِشَامُ بْنُ صَبَابَةَ أَصَابَهُ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ خَطَأً فَجَاءَ أَخُوهُ مِقْيَسُ بْنُ صَبَابَةَ مُظْهِرًا الْإِسْلَامَ وَطَلَبَ بِدِيَةِ أَخِيهِ فَأُعْطِي دِيَتَهُ ثُمَّ مَكَثَ قَلِيلًا فَعَدَا عَلَى قَاتِلِ أَخِيهِ فَقَتَلَهُ وَفَرَّ مُرْتَدًّا إِلَى مَكَّةَ. تَقْسِيمُ السَّبَايَا وَزَوَاجُهُ ﷺ مِنْ جُوَيْرِيَّةَ بِنْتِ الْحَارِثِ عَنْ عَائِشَةَ قَالَتْ: "لَمَّا قَسَّمَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ سَبَايَا بَنِي الْمُصْطَلِقِ وَقَعَتْ جُوَيْرِيَّةُ بِنْتُ الْحَارِثِ فِي السَّهْمِ لِثَابِتِ بْنِ قَيْسِ بْنِ شَمَّاسٍ، أَوْ لِابْنِ عَمٍّ لَهُ، فَكَاتَبَتْهُ عَلَى نَفْسِهَا، وَكَانَتِ امْرَأَةً حُلْوَةً مِلَاحَةً، لَا يَرَاهَا أَحَدٌ إِلَّا أَخَذَتْ بِنَفْسِهِ، فَأَتَتْ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ لِتَسْتَعِينَهُ فِي كِتَابَتِهَا. فَدَخَلَتْ عَلَيْهِ فَقَالَتْ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، أَنَا جُوَيْرِيَّةُ بِنْتُ الْحَارِثِ بْنِ أَبِي ضِرَارٍ سَيِّدِ قَوْمِهِ، وَقَدْ أَصَابَنِي مِنَ الْبَلَاءِ مَا لَمْ يَخْفَ عَلَيْكَ، فَوَقَعْتُ فِي السَّهْمِ لِثَابِتِ بْنِ قَيْسِ بْنِ شَمَّاسٍ - أَوْ لِابْنِ عَمٍّ لَهُ - فَكَاتَبْتُهُ عَلَى نَفْسِي، فَجِئْتُكَ أَسْتَعِينُكَ عَلَى كِتَابَتِي. قَالَ: " فَهَلْ لَكِ فِي خَيْرٍ مِنْ ذَلِكَ؟ ". قَالَتْ: وَمَا هُوَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ؟ قَالَ: " أَقْضِي عَنْكِ كِتَابَكِ، وَأَتَزَوَّجُكِ ". قَالَتْ: نَعَمْ، يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ. قَالَ: " قَدْ فَعَلْتُ ". قَالَتْ: وَخَرَجَ الْخَبَرُ إِلَى النَّاسِ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَدْ تَزَوَّجَ جُوَيْرِيَّةَ بِنْتَ الْحَارِثِ، فَقَالَ النَّاسُ: أَصْهَارُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَأَرْسَلُوا مَا بِأَيْدِيهِمْ. قَالَتْ: فَلَقَدْ أَعْتَقَ بِتَزْوِيجِهِ إِيَّاهَا مِائَةَ أَهْلِ بَيْتٍ مِنْ بَنِي الْمُصْطَلِقِ، فَمَا أَعْلَمُ امْرَأَةً كَانَتْ أَعْظَمَ بَرَكَةً عَلَى قَوْمِهَا مِنْهَا" وَقَدْ وَقَعَتْ فِي هَذِهِ الْغَزْوَةِ حَادِثَةُ الْإِفْكِ الْمَشْهُورَةِ وَالَّتِي وَلَغَ فِيهَا الْمُنَافِقُونَ وَتَابَعَهُمْ جَمَاعَةٌ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْإِسْلَامِ وَعَصَمَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ أَكْثَرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ فَقَالُوا لَمَّا سَمِعُوا الْإِفْكَ قَالُوا: مَا يَكُونُ لَنَا أَنْ نَتَكَلَّمَ بِهَذَا سُبْحَانَكَ هَذَا بُهْتَانٌ عَظِيمٌ. وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ الْحَصَانَ الرَّزَانَ أُمَّ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ عَائِشَةَ ؓ كَانَتْ قَدْ فَقَدَتْ عِقْدًا لَهَا فَمَكَثَتْ تَلْتَمِسُهُ وَتَبْحَثُ عَنْهُ وَبَيْنَمَا هِيَ كَذَلِكَ إِذْ نَفَرَ الْقَوْمُ وَرَحَلُوا وَلَمْ يَشْعُرُوا أَنَّهَا لَيْسَتْ فِي هَوْدَجِهَا، فَلَمَّا وَجَدَتِ الْعِقْدَ وَرَجَعَتْ لَمْ تَجِدِ الْقَوْمَ، فَبَقِيَتْ مَكَانَهَا عَسَى أَنْ يَفْتَقِدُوهَا فَيَعُودُوا إِلَيْهَا، وَقَدْ تَلَفَّفَتْ بِثِيَابِهَا فَبَيْنَمَا هِيَ كَذَلِكَ إِذْ مَرَّ بِهَا صَفْوَانُ بْنُ الْمُعَطِّلِ وَكَانَ قَدْ تَأَخَّرَ لِبَعْضِ حَاجَتِهِ فَلَمَّا رَآهَا اسْتَرْجَعَ وَأَنَاخَ النَّاقَةَ فَرَكِبَتْ حَتَّى لَحِقُوا بِالْجَيْشِ، فَوَلَغَ أَصْحَابُ الْإِفْكِ وَرَمَوْهَا بِالْبُهْتَانِ، وَعَصَمَ اللَّهُ أَهْلَ الْإِيمَانِ، وَتَأَخَّرَ الْوَحْيُ اخْتِبَارًا حَتَّى أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ بَرَاءَتَهَا فِي قُرْآنٍ يُتْلَى إِلَى يَوْمِ الْقِيَامَةِ، فَقَالَ سُبْحَانَهُ: إِنَّ الَّذِينَ جَاءُوا بِالإِفْكِ عُصْبَةٌ مِنْكُمْ لا تَحْسَبُوهُ شَرًّا لَكُمْ بَلْ هُوَ خَيْرٌ لَكُمْ لِكُلِّ امْرِئٍ مِنْهُمْ مَا اكْتَسَبَ مِنَ الإِثْمِ وَالَّذِي تَوَلَّى كِبْرَهُ مِنْهُمْ لَهُ عَذَابٌ عَظِيمٌ إِلَى آخِرِ الْآيَاتِ، وَحُدَّ فِي ذَلِكَ مَنْ وَقَعَ فِي هَذَا الْأَمْرِ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ، وَفَرَّجَ اللَّهُ عَنْ نَبِيِّهِ ﷺ وَآلِ بَيْتِهِ الطَّيِّبِينَ.
Translation
✧ The Expedition of Banū al-Muṣṭaliq (al-Muraysīʿ) The Expedition of Banū al-Muṣṭaliq or al-Muraysīʿ occurred in the year six, or five, or four, according to disagreement. That was when the Prophet ﷺ learned that al-Ḥārith b. Abī Ḍirār, the father of Juwayriyah bt. al-Ḥārith, along with Banū al-Muṣṭaliq, were gathering forces against him. So he went out to them until he met them at a watering place of theirs called al-Muraysīʿ, and Allah defeated them, a number of them were killed, and Allah granted His Messenger ﷺ their sons, women, and wealth as spoils. While the people were at the watering place, some of them encountered others, and two men of the Muslims quarreled: Jahjāh b. Masʿūd of Banū Ghifār and Sinān b. Wabar al-Juhanī. Each of them called out to his people for help. ʿAbd Allāh b. Ubayy the hypocrite learned of the matter, and there was with him a group of his people, among them Zayd b. Arqam, a young lad. Ibn Ubayy said: "Have they done this? They have vied with us and become numerous against us in our own land. By Allah, we and these ragged cloaks of Quraysh are nothing but as the first said: 'Fatten your dog, and it will eat you.' Indeed, by Allah, if we return to Madinah, the more mighty will surely expel from it the more abased." Zayd b. Arqam mentioned the statement of Ibn Ubayy to the Prophet ﷺ, while ʿUmar ؓ was with him. He advised killing Ibn Ubayy. The Prophet ﷺ said then: "How would that be, O ʿUmar, when people say that Muḥammad kills his own companions? No, but give permission to depart." The Prophet ﷺ set out with the people at an hour in which he was not accustomed to depart, so that people would not talk about what had happened and evil would result. Ibn Ubayy came swearing that he had not said it, and some excused him by saying that the lad might have erred in his report, until Allah, glorified be He, sent down confirmation of Zayd b. Arqam in Sūrat al-Munāfiqūn. ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿAbd Allāh b. Ubayy b. Salūl came to the Prophet ﷺ asking him, if he was ordering anyone to kill his father, to order him himself, and he would kill his father with his own hand; but not to order any of the Muslims, for fear for himself of temptation, in that he might not be able to bear seeing the killer of his father, and so kill a Muslim for an unbeliever and perish. The Prophet ﷺ set his mind at ease that he would treat his father gently and be kind to him as long as he remained with the Muslims. After the Messenger's pardon and clemency ﷺ toward him, whenever Ibn Ubayy did something, his people reproached and rebuked him. During the battle, Hishām b. Ṣabābah was killed; a man of the Anṣār struck him by mistake. His brother Miqyas b. Ṣabābah came, outwardly professing Islam, and demanded the blood money for his brother. He was given his blood money, then he stayed a little while, then he attacked the killer of his brother, killed him, and fled as an apostate to Makkah. The Division of the Captives and His Marriage ﷺ to Juwayriyah bt. al-Ḥārith From ʿĀʾishah, who said: "When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ divided the captives of Banū al-Muṣṭaliq, Juwayriyah bt. al-Ḥārith fell to the share of Thābit b. Qays b. Shammās, or to a cousin of his. She made a contract with him for her freedom. She was a sweet and beautiful woman; no one saw her but that she captivated him. She came to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ to seek his help in her contract. She entered upon him and said: 'O Messenger of Allah, I am Juwayriyah bt. al-Ḥārith b. Abī Ḍirār, the chief of his people. I have been afflicted with misfortune that is not hidden from you, and I have fallen to the share of Thābit b. Qays b. Shammās—or a cousin of his—and I have made a contract with him for my freedom. I have come to you seeking your help with my contract.' He said: 'Would you like something better than that?' She said: 'What is it, O Messenger of Allah?' He said: 'I will pay your contract for you, and marry you.' She said: 'Yes, O Messenger of Allah.' He said: 'I have done it.' She said: 'The news spread to the people that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ had married Juwayriyah bt. al-Ḥārith. The people said: "They are in-laws of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ," and they released those captives in their hands.' She said: 'By his marrying her, a hundred households of Banū al-Muṣṭaliq were set free. I know of no woman who was a greater blessing to her people than she.'" In this expedition occurred the famous incident of the slander, in which the hypocrites lapped it up and a group of the people of Islam followed them, but Allah, mighty and glorious be He, protected most of the believers. When they heard the slander, they said: "It is not for us to speak of this. Glory be to You! This is a great calumny." That was because the chaste and steadfast Mother of the Believers ʿĀʾishah ؓ had lost a necklace of hers, and she stayed looking for it and searching for it. While she was doing so, the people suddenly started and departed, not realizing that she was not in her howdah. When she found the necklace and returned, she did not find the people. She remained in her place, hoping that they would miss her and come back to her. She wrapped herself in her clothes. While she was so, Ṣafwān b. al-Muʿaṭṭil passed by her; he had stayed behind for some need of his. When he saw her, he said, 'To Allah we belong,' and made the camel kneel, and she mounted until they caught up with the army. The people of the slander lapped it up and accused her falsely, but Allah protected the people of faith. The revelation was delayed as a test, until Allah sent down her exoneration in a Qurʾān that is recited until the Day of Resurrection. He, glorified be He, said: "Indeed, those who came with the slander are a group among you. Do not think it bad for you; rather, it is good for you. For every person among them is what he earned of sin, and he who took upon himself the greater part of it among them will have a great punishment," until the end of the verses. Those Muslims who fell into this matter were punished with the prescribed penalty, and Allah relieved His Prophet ﷺ and his good household.
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