Tarikh (al-Tabari) 1282
The Expedition of Dhi Qarad (the Expedition of al-Ghabah)
حَثِّ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي طَلَبِ الْعَدُوِّ وَتَقْدِيمِهِ جَمَاعَةً أَمَامَهُ قَالَ ابْنُ إِسْحَاقَ: وَبَلَغَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ صِيَاحُ ابْنِ الْأَكْوَعِ يَصْرُخُ بِالْمَدِينَةِ «الْفَزَعَ الْفَزَعَ». فَتَرَامَتِ الْخُيُولُ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَكَانَ أَوَّلَ مَنِ انْتَهَى إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ مِنَ الْفُرْسَانِ الْمِقْدَادُ بْنُ عَمْرٍو، وَهُوَ الَّذِي يُقَالُ لَهُ ابْنُ الْأَسْوَدِ حَلِيفُ بَنِي زُهْرَةَ، زَادَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عُمَرَ - نَقْلًا عَنْ عِمَارَةَ بْنِ غَزِيَّةَ، وَابْنُ سَعْدٍ - فَنُودِيَ «يَا خَيْلَ اللَّهِ ارْكَبِي»، وَكَانَ أَوَّلَ مَا نُودِيَ بِهَا - كَذَا قَالَ، وَزَادَ ابْنُ عَائِذٍ عَنْ قَتَادَةَ: أَنَّ أَوَّلَ مَا نُودِيَ «يَا خَيْلَ اللَّهِ ارْكَبِي» فِي غَزْوَةِ بَنِي قُرَيْظَةَ، وَهِيَ قَبْلَ هَذِهِ عِنْدَهُمْ. قَالَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عُمَرَ: وَكَانَ الْمِقْدَادُ يَقُولُ: لَمَّا كَانَتْ لَيْلَةُ السَّرْحِ جَعَلْتُ فَرَسِي سُبْحَةً لَا تَقَرُّ ضَرْبًا ضَرْبًا بِيَدِهَا، وَصَهِيلًا، فَأَقُولُ: وَاللَّهِ إِنَّ لَهَا لَشَأْنًا، فَأَنْظُرُ إِلَى آرِيِّهَا فَإِذَا هُوَ مَمْلُوءٌ عَلَفًا، فَأَقُولُ: عَطْشَى فَأَعْرِضُ عَلَيْهَا الْمَاءَ فَمَا تُرِيدُهُ. فَلَمَّا طَلَعَ الْفَجْرُ أَسْرَجْتُهَا وَلَبِسْتُ سِلَاحِي، ثُمَّ خَرَجْتُ حَتَّى أُصَلِّيَ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ الصُّبْحَ، فَلَمْ أَرَ شَيْئًا، وَدَخَلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بَيْتُهُ، وَرَجَعْتُ إِلَى بَيْتِي، وَالْفَرَسُ لَا تَقَرُّ، فَوَضَعْتُ سَرْجَهَا وَالسِّلَاحَ وَاضْطَجَعْتُ، فَأَتَانِي آتٍ فَقَالَ: إِنَّ الْخَيْلَ قَدْ صِيحَ بِهَا، فَخَرَجْتُ. قَالَ ابْنُ إِسْحَاقَ: ثُمَّ كَانَ أَوَّلُ فَارِسٍ وَقَفَ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ بَعْدَ الْمِقْدَادِ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ عَبَّادُ بِتَشْدِيدِ الْمُوَحَّدَةِ ابْنُ بِشْرٍ - بِكَسْرِ الْمُوَحَّدَةِ وَسُكُونِ الشِّينِ الْمُعْجَمَةِ، وَسَعْدُ بِسُكُونِ الْعَيْنِ - بْنُ زَيْدٍ، وَأُسَيْدُ - بِضَمِّ أَوَّلِهِ وَفَتْحِ ثَانِيهِ - ابْنِ ظُهَيْرٍ - وَهُنَّ - تَصْغِيرُ ظَهْرٍ - بِظَاءٍ مُعْجَمَةٍ مُشَالَةٍ، وَمُحْرِزُ بِضَمِّ الْمِيمِ وَسُكُونِ الْحَاءِ الْمُهْمَلَةِ فَرَاءٍ مَكْسُورَةٍ فَزَايٍ ابْنُ نَضْلَةَ بِالنُّونِ وَسُكُونِ الضَّادِ الْمُعْجَمَةِ، وَرَبِيعَةُ بْنُ أَكْثَمَ بِالثَّاءِ الْمُثَلَّثَةِ، وَعُكَّاشَةُ بِتَشْدِيدِ الْكَافِ وَتَخْفِيفِهَا ابْنُ مِحْصَنٍ بِكَسْرِ الْمِيمِ وَسُكُونِ الْحَاءِ الْمُهْمَلَةِ وَأَبُو عَيَّاشٍ بِالتَّحْتِيَّةِ وَالشِّينِ الْمُعْجَمَةِ الزُّرَّقِيُّ، وَأَبُو قَتَادَةَ فَلَمَّا اجْتَمَعُوا إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَمَّرَ عَلَيْهِمْ سَعْدَ بْنَ زَيْدٍ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: «اخْرُجْ فِي طَلَبِ الْقَوْمِ حَتَّى «أَلْحَقَكَ بِالنَّاسِ». وَقَالَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عُمَرَ، وَابْنُ سَعْدٍ: عَقَدَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ لِلْمِقْدَادِ لِوَاءً فِي رُمْحِهِ، وَقَالَ: «امْضِ حَتَّى تَلْحَقَكَ الْخُيُولُ، وَأَنَا عَلَى أَثَرِكَ» قَالَا: وَالثَّبْتُ عِنْدَنَا إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَمَّرَ عَلَى هَذِهِ السِّرِّيَّةِ سَعْدَ ابْنَ زَيْدٍ الْأَشْهَلَيَّ، وَلَكِنَّ النَّاسَ نَسَبُوهَا لِلْمِقْدَادِ، لِقَوْلِ حَسَّانَ.. غَدَاةَ فَوَارِسِ الْمِقْدَادِ. فَعَاتَبَهُ سَعْدُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ فَقَالَ: اضْطَرَّنِي الْوَزْنُ إِلَى الْمِقْدَادِ. [ الرَّسُولُ وَنَصِيحَتُهُ لِأَبِي عَيَّاشٍ بِتَرْكِ فَرَسِهِ ] وَقَدْ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فِيمَا بَلَغَنِي عَنْ رِجَالٍ مِنْ بَنِي زُرَيْقٍ، لِأَبِي عَيَّاشٍ: يَا أَبَا عِيَاشٍ، لَوْ أَعْطَيْتُ هَذَا الْفَرَسَ رَجُلًا، هُوَ أَفْرَسُ مِنْكَ فَلَحِقَ بِالْقَوْمِ ؟ قَالَ أَبُو عَيَّاشٍ: فَقُلْتُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، أَنَا أَفْرَسُ النَّاسِ، ثُمَّ ضَرَبْتُ الْفَرَسَ، فَوَاَللَّهِ مَا جَرَى بِي خَمْسِينَ ذِرَاعًا حَتَّى طَرَحَنِي، فَعَجِبْتُ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ: لَوْ أَعْطَيْتَهُ أَفْرَسَ مِنْكَ، وَأَنَا أَقُولُ: أَنَا أَفْرَسُ النَّاسِ. فَزَعَمَ رِجَالٌ مِنْ بَنِي زُرَيْقٍ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَعْطَى فَرَسَ أَبِي عَيَّاشٍ مُعَاذَ بْنَ مَاعِصٍ، أَوْ عَائِذَ بْنَ مَاعِصِ بْنِ قَيْسِ بْنِ خَلَدَةَ، وَكَانَ ثَامِنًا، وَبَعْضُ النَّاسِ يَعُدُّ سَلَمَةِ بْنَ عَمْرِو بْنِ الْأَكْوَعِ أَحَدَ الثَّمَانِيَةِ، وَيَطْرَحُ أُسَيْدَ بْنَ ظُهَيْرٍ، أَخَا بَنِي حَارِثَةَ، وَاَللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ أَيُّ ذَلِكَ كَانَ. وَلَمْ يَكُنْ سَلَمَةُ يَوْمَئِذٍ فَارِسًا، وَقَدْ كَانَ أَوَّلَ مَنْ لَحِقَ بِالْقَوْمِ عَلَى رِجْلَيْهِ. فَخَرَجَ الْفُرْسَانُ فِي طَلَبِ الْقَوْمِ حَتَّى تَلَاحَقُوا. وَكَانَ أَوَّلَ مَنْ لَحِقَ بِالْقَوْمِ مُحْرِزُ بْنُ نَضْلَةَ، وَكَانَ يُقَالُ لَهُ الْأَخْرَمُ بِخَاءٍ مُعْجَمَةٍ سَاكِنَةٍ وَرَاءٍ، وَيُقَالُ لَهُ قُمَيْرٌ - بِضَمِّ الْقَافِ وَفَتْحِ الْمِيمِ. وَإِنَّ الْفَزَعَ لَمَّا كَانَ جَالَ فَرَسٌ لِمَحْمُودِ بْنِ مَسْلَمَةَ فِي الْحَائِطِ حِينَ سَمِعَ صَاهِلَةَ الْخَيْلِ وَكَانَ فَرَسًا صَنِيعًا جَامِحًا، فَقَالَ نِسَاءٌ مِنْ نِسَاءِ بَنِي عَبْدِ الْأَشْهَلِ - حِينَ رَأَيْنَ الْفَرَسَ يَجُولُ فِي الْحَائِطِ بِجِذْعِ نَخْلٍ هُوَ مَرْبُوطٌ بِهِ: يَا قُمَيْرُ هَلْ لَكَ فِي أَنْ تَرْكَبَ هَذَا الْفَرَسَ ؟ فَإِنَّهُ كَمَا تَرَى، ثُمَّ تَلْحَقُ بِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَبِالْمُسْلِمِينَ ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ، فَأَعْطَيْتُهُ إِيَّاهُ، فَخَرَجَ عَلَيْهِ، فَلَمْ يَلْبَثْ أَنْ بَذَّ الْخَيْلَ بِجَمَّاحَةٍ حَتَّى أَدْرَكَ الْقَوْمَ، فَوَقَفَ بَيْنَ أَيْدِيهِمْ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: قِفُوا يَا مَعْشَرَ بَنِي اللَّكِيعَةِ حَتَّى يَلْحَقَ بِكُمْ مَنْ وَرَاءَكُمْ مِنْ أَدْبَارِكُمْ مِنَ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ وَالْأَنْصَارِ، فَحَمَلَ عَلَيْهِ رَجُلٌ مِنْهُمْ فَقَتَلَهُ، وَجَالَ الْفَرَسُ فَلَمْ يَقْدِرْ عَلَيْهِ حَتَّى وَقَفَ عَلَى آرِيَّةٍ فِي بَنِي عَبْدِ الْأَشْهَلِ. قَالَ سَلَمَةُ بْنُ الْأَكْوَعِ: فَمَا بَرِحْتُ مِنْ مَكَانِي حَتَّى رَأَيْتُ فَوَارِسَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَتَخَلَّلُونَ الشَّجَرَ، فَإِذَا أَوَّلُهُمُ الْأَخْرَمُ الْأَسَدِيُّ، وَعَلَى أَثَرِهِ أَبُو قَتَادَةَ، وَعَلَى أَثَرِهِ الْمِقْدَادُ بْنُ الْأَسْوَدِ الْكِنْدِيُّ، فَوَلَّى الْمُشْرِكُونَ مُدْبِرِينَ، قَالَ سَلَمَةُ: فَنَزَلْتُ مِنَ الْجَبَلِ، وَأَخَذْتُ بِعِنَانِ فَرَسِ الْأَخْرَمِ، وَقُلْتُ: يَا أَخْرَمُ احْذَرْهُمْ لَا يَقْتَطِعُوكَ حَتَّى يَلْحَقَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَأَصْحَابَهُ، قَالَ: يَا سَلَمَةُ، إِنْ كُنْتَ تُؤْمِنُ بِاللَّهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ، وَتَعْلَمُ أَنَّ الْجَنَّةَ حَقٌّ وَالنَّارَ حَقٌّ، فَلَا تَحُلْ بَيْنِي وَبَيْنَ الشَّهَادَةِ. فَخَلَّيْتُهُ، فَالْتَقَى هُوَ وَعَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ فَعَثَرَ بِعَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ فَرَسُهُ، وَطَعَنَهُ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ فَقَتَلَهُ. وَتَحَوَّلَ عَلَى فَرَسِهِ، وَلَحِقَ أَبُو قَتَادَةَ فَارِسُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِعَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ فَاخْتَلَفَا طَعْنَتَيْنِ، فَعَقَرَ بِأَبِي قَتَادَةَ، وَقَتَلَهُ أَبُو قَتَادَةَ، وَتَحَوَّلَ أَبُو قَتَادَةَ إِلَى الْفَرَسِ. وَرَوَى مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عُمَرَ عَنْ صَالِحِ بْنِ كَيْسَانَ، قَالَ مُحْرِزُ بْنُ نَضْلَةَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَلْقَى الْعَدُوَّ بِيَوْمٍ: رَأَيْتُ السَّمَاءَ فُرِجَتْ لِي حَتَّى دَخَلْتُ فِي السَّمَاءِ الدُّنْيَا، حَتَّى انْتَهَيْتُ إِلَى السَّمَاءِ السَّابِعَةِ، ثُمَّ انْتَهَيْتُ إِلَى سِدْرَةِ الْمُنْتَهَى، فَقِيلَ لِي: هَذَا مَنْزِلُكَ، فَعَرَضْتُهَا عَلَى أَبِي بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقِ - وَكَانَ مِنْ أَعْبَرِ النَّاسِ - فَقَالَ: أَبْشِرْ بِالشَّهَادَةِ. فَقُتِلَ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ بِيَوْمٍ. قَالَ سَلَمَةُ: ثُمَّ خَرَجْتُ أَعْدَوْ فِي أَثَرِ الْقَوْمِ فَوَ الَّذِي أَكْرَمَ وَجْهَهُ حَتَّى مَا أَرَى مِنْ وَرَائِي مِنْ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَلَا غُبَارِهِمْ شَيْئًا، وَيَعْرِضُونَ قَبْلَ غَيْبُوبَةِ الشَّمْسِ إِلَى شِعْبٍ فِيهِ مَاءٌ يُقَالُ لَهُ ذُو قَرَدٍ، فَأَرَادُوا أَنْ يَشْرَبُوا مِنْهُ فَأَبْصَرُونِي أَعْدُو وَرَاءَهُمْ فَعَطَفُوا عَنْهُ، وَأَسْنَدُوا فِي الثَّنِيَّةِ «ثَنِيَّةِ ذِي بِئْرٍ» وَغَرَبَتِ الشَّمْسُ، وَأَلْحَقُ رَجُلًا فَأَرْمِيهِ وَقُلْتُ: خُذْهَا وَأَنَا ابْنُ الْأَكْوَعِ وَالْيَوْمُ يَوْمُ الرُّضَّعِ قَالَ: فَقَالَ يَا ثُكْلَ أُمِّ الْأَكْوَعِ بُكْرَةً فَقُلْتُ: نَعَمْ أَيْ عَدُوَّ نَفْسِهِ. وَكَانَ الَّذِي رَمَيْتُهُ بِكُرَةٍ، فَأَتْبَعْتُهُ بِسَهْمٍ آخَرَ فَعَلِقَ بِهِ سَهْمَانِ، وَخَلَّفُوا فَرَسَيْنِ، فَجِئْتُ بِهِمَا أَسُوقُهُمَا إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ - ﷺ. قتل حبيب بن عيينة قَالَ ابْنُ إِسْحَاقَ: وَلَمَّا تَلَاحَقَتِ الْخَيْلُ قَتَلَ أَبُو قَتَادَةَ حَبِيبَ بْنَ عُيَيْنَةَ بْنِ حِصْنٍ وَغَشَّاهُ بِبُرْدِهِ، ثُمَّ لَحِقَ بِالنَّاسِ، وَقَالَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عُمَرَ، وَابْنُ سَعْدٍ: وَقَتَلَ الْمِقْدَادُ بْنُ عَمْرٍو حَبِيبَ بْنَ عُيَيْنَةَ بْنِ حِصْنٍ. وَقِرْفَةَ بْنَ مَالِكِ بْنِ حُذَيْفَةَ بْنِ بَدْرٍ، فَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ. وَأَدْرَكَ عُكَّاشَةُ بْنُ حِصْنٍ أَوْبَارًا، وَابْنَهُ عَمْرَو بْنَ أَوْبَارٍ وَمَا عَلَى بَعِيرٍ وَاحِدٍ فَانْتَظَمَهُمَا بِالرُّمْحِ فَقَتَلَهُمَا جَمِيعًا، وَاسْتَنْقَذُوا بَعْضَ اللَّقَاحِ. وَرَوَى الْبَيْهَقِيُّ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي قَتَادَةَ: أَنَّ أَبَا قَتَادَةَ اشْتَرَى فَرَسَهُ مِنْ دَوَابَّ دَخَلَتِ الْمَدِينَةَ. فَلَقِيَهُ مَسْعَدَةُ الْفَزَارِيُّ فَقَالَ: يَا أَبَا قَتَادَةَ، مَا هَذَا الْفَرَسُ ؟ فَقَالَ أَبُو قَتَادَةَ: فَرَسٌ أَرَدْتُ أَنْ أَرْبِطَهَا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ مَا أَهْوَنَ قَتْلَكُمْ وَأَشَدَّ حَرْبَكُمْ، قَالَ أَبُو قَتَادَةَ: أَمَا إِنِّي أَسَأَلُ اللَّهَ - تَعَالَى - أَنْ يَلْقَيَنَّكَ وَأَنَا عَلَيْهَا فَقَالَ آمِينَ وَكَانَ أَبُو قَتَادَةَ ذَاتَ يَوْمٍ يَعْلِفُ فَرَسَهُ تَمْرًا فِي طَرَفِ بُرْدَتِهِ إِذْ رَفَعَتْ رَأَسَهَا وَأَصَرَّتْ أُذُنَيْهَا ؟ فَقَالَ: أَحْلِفُ بِاللَّهِ لَقَدْ أَحَسَّتْ بِرِيحِ خَيْلٍ: فَقَالَتْ لَهُ أُمُّهُ: وَاللَّهِ يَا بُنَيَّ مَا كُنَّا نُرَامُ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ، فَكَيْفَ حِينَ جَاءَ اللَّهُ بِمُحَمَّدٍ ﷺ ثُمَّ رَفَعَتِ الْفَرَسُ أَيْضًا رَأْسَهَا، وَأَصَرَّتْ أُذُنَيْهَا، فَقَالَ: أَحْلِفُ بِاللَّهِ لَقَدْ أَحَسَّتْ بِرِيحِ خَيْلٍ. فَوَضَعَ سَرْجَهَا فَأَسْرَجَهَا، وَأَخَذَ بِسِلَاحِهِ، ثُمَّ نَهَضَ حَتَّى أَتَى مَكَانًا يُقَالُ لَهُ الزَّوْرَاءُ فَلَقِيَهُ رَجُلٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِهِ، فَقَالَ لَهُ: يَا أَبَا قَتَادَةَ، تَشُوطُ دَابَّتَكَ، وَقَدْ أَخَذَتِ اللَّقَاحَ. وَقَدْ ذَهَبَ النَّبِيُّ فِي طَلَبِهَا وَأَصْحَابِهِ ؟ ! فَقَالَ: أَيْنَ ؟ فَأَشَارَ إِلَيْهِ نَحْوَ الثَّنِيَّةِ. فَإِذَا بِالنَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي نَفَرٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِهِ جُلُوسٍ عِنْدَ ذُبَابٍ، فَقَمَعَ دَابَّتَهُ، ثُمَّ خَلَّاهَا، فَمَرَّ بِالنَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَقَالَ لَهُ: «امْضِ يَا أَبَا قَتَادَةَ صَحِبَكَ اللَّهُ» قَالَ أَبُو قَتَادَةَ: فَخَرَجْتُ فَإِذَا بِإِنْسَانٍ يُحَاكِينِي فَلَمْ نَنْشَبْ أَنْ هَجَمْنَا عَلَى الْعَسْكَرِ، فَقَالَ لِي: يَا أَبَا قَتَادَةَ مَا تَقُولُ ؟ أَمَّا الْقَوْمُ فَلَا طَاقَةَ لَنَا بِهِمْ، فَقَالَ لَهُ أَبُو قَتَادَةَ: تَقُولُ: إِنِّي وَاقِفٌ حَتَّى يَأْتِيَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أُرِيدُ أَنْ تَشُدَّ فِي نَاحِيَةٍ وَأَشُدَّ فِي نَاحِيَةٍ، فَوَثَبَ أَبُو قَتَادَةَ فَشَقَّ الْقَوْمَ. فَرَمَوْهُ بِسَهْمٍ، فَوَقَعَ فِي جَبْهَتِهِ، قَالَ أَبُو قَتَادَةَ: فَنَزَعْتُ قِدْحِي، وَأَظُنُّ أَنِّي قَدْ نَزَعْتُ الْحَدِيدَةَ. وَمَضَيْتُ عَلَى وَجْهِي فَلَمْ أَنْشَبْ أَنْ طَلَعَ عَلِيَّ فَارِسٌ عَلَى فَرَسٍ فَارِهٍ وَعَلَيْهِ مِغْفَرٌ لَهُ فَأَثْبَتَنِي وَلَمْ أُثْبِتْهُ. قَالَ: لَقَدْ أَلْقَانِيكَ اللَّهُ يَا أَبَا قَتَادَةَ وَكَشَفَ عَنْ وَجْهِهِ وَأَدَاةٍ كَلِيلَةٍ. عَلَى وَجْهِهِ فَإِذَا هُوَ مَسْعَدَةُ الْفَزَارِيُّ، فَقَالَ: أَيُّمَا أَحَبُّ إِلَيْكَ مُجَالَدَةٌ أَوْ مُطَاعَنَةٌ أَوْ مُصَارَعَةٌ ؟ قَالَ: فَقُلْتُ: ذَا إِلَيْكَ، قَالَ فَقَالَ: صِرَاعٌ، فَأَجَالَ رِجْلَهُ عَلَى دَابَّتِهِ، وَأَجَلْتُ رِجْلِي عَلَى دَابَّتِي، وَعَقَلْتُ دَابَّتِي وَسِلَاحِي إِلَى شَجَرَةٍ، وَعَقَلَ دَابَّتَهُ وَسِلَاحَهُ إِلَى شَجَرَةٍ، ثُمَّ تَوَاثَبْنَا، فَلَمْ أَنْشَبْ أَنْ رَزَقَنِي اللَّهُ - تَعَالَى - الظَّفَرَ عَلَيْهِ، فَإِذَا أَنَا عَلَى صَدْرِهِ، فَوَ اللَّهِ إِنِّي لِمَنْ أَهُمِّ النَّاسِ مِنْ رَجُلٍ مُتَأَبِّطٍ قَدْ هَمَمْتُ أَنَّ أَقْوَمَ فَآخُذَ سَيَفِي، وَيَقُومَ فَيَأْخُذَ سَيْفَهُ، وَإِنَّا بَيْنَ عَسْكَرَيْنِ لَا آمَنُ أَنْ يَهْجُمَ عَلَى أَحَدِهِمَا، إِذَا بِشَيْءٍ مَسَّ رَأْسِي، فَإِذَا نَحْنُ قَدْ تَعَالَجْنَا، حَتَّى بَلَغْنَا سِلَاحَ مَسْعَدَةَ فَضَرَبْتُ بِيَدِي إِلَى سَيْفِهِ، فَلَمَّا رَأَى أَنَّ السَّيْفَ وَقَعَ بِيَدِي قَالَ: يَا أَبَا قَتَادَةَ، اسْتَحْيِنِي، قُلْتُ: لَا، وَاللَّهِ أَوْ تَرِدُ أُمَّكَ الْهَاوِيَةَ. قَالَ: فَمَنْ لِلصَّبِيَّةِ ؟ قُلْتُ: النَّارُ. قَالَ: ثُمَّ قَتَلْتُهُ وَأَدْرَجْتُهُ فِي بُرْدِي، ثُمَّ أَخَذْتُ ثِيَابَهُ فَلَبِسْتُهَا، ثُمَّ أَخَذْتُ سِلَاحَهُ، ثُمَّ اسْتَوَيْتُ عَلَى فَرَسِهِ، وَكَانَتْ فَرَسِي نَفَرَتْ حِينَ تَعَالَجْنَا فَرَجَعْتُ إِلَى الْعَسْكَرِ، قَالَ: فَعَرْقَبُوهَا. قَالَ: ثُمَّ مَضَيْتُ عَلَى وَجْهِي فَلَمْ أَنْشَبْ أَنَا حَتَّى أَشْرَفْتُ عَلَى ابْنِ أَخِيهِ وَهُوَ فِي سَبْعَةَ عَشَرَ فَارِسًا، قَالَ فَأَلَحْتُ إِلَيْهِمْ فَوَقَفُوا، فَلَمَّا أَنْ دَنَوْتُ مِنْهُمْ حَمَلْتُ عَلَيْهِمْ حَمْلَةً وَطَعَنْتُ ابْنَ أَخِيهِ طَعْنَةً دَقَقْتُ عُنُقَهُ، وَانْكَشَفَ مَنْ كَانَ مَعَهُ. وَحَبَسْتُ اللَّقَاحَ بِرُمْحِي. [ أَسَمَاءُ أَفْرَاسِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ ] قَالَ ابْنُ إسْحَاقَ: وَكَانَ اسْمُ فَرَسِ مَحْمُودٍ: ذَا اللِّمَّةِ. قَالَ ابْنُ هِشَامٍ: وَكَانَ اسْمُ فَرَسِ سَعْدِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ: لَاحِقَ؛ وَاسْمُ فَرَسِ الْمِقْدَادِ بَعْزَجَةُ، وَيُقَالُ: سُبْحَةُ، وَاسْمُ فَرَسِ عُكَاشَةَ بْنِ مِحْصَنٍ: ذو اللَّمَّةِ؛ وَاسْمُ فَرَسِ أَبِي قَتَادَةَ: حَزْوَةُ؛ وَفَرَسُ عَبَّادِ بْنِ بِشْرٍ: لَمَّاعٌ، وَفَرَسُ أُسَيْدِ بْنِ ظُهَيْرٍ: مَسْنُونٌ؛ وَفَرَسُ أَبِي عَيَّاشٍ: جُلْوَةُ. قَالَ ابْنُ إسْحَاقَ: وَحَدَّثَنِي بَعْضُ مَنْ لَا أَتَّهِمُ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ كَعْبِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ: أَنَّ مُجَزَّزًا إنَّمَا كَانَ عَلَى فَرَسٍ لِعُكَّاشَةَ بْنِ مِحْصَنٍ، يُقَالُ لَهُ: الْجَنَاحُ، فَقُتِلَ مُجَزِّزٌ وَاسْتُلِبَتْ الْجَنَاحُ.
Translation
✧ The Messenger of Allah ﷺ urged pursuit of the enemy and sent a group ahead of him. Ibn Isḥāq said: The cry of Ibn al-Akwaʿ reached the Messenger of Allah ﷺ as he shouted in Madinah, “Al-fazaʿ! Al-fazaʿ!” So the horses hastened to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. The first of the horsemen to reach the Messenger of Allah ﷺ was al-Miqdād b. ʿAmr, who was called Ibn al-Aswad, the ally of Banū Zuhrah. Muḥammad b. ʿUmar added—transmitting from ʿUmārah b. Ghaziyyah and Ibn Saʿd—that a call was made, “O cavalry of Allah, mount!” and it was the first time that call was made—so he said. Ibn ʿĀʾidh added, from Qatādah, that the first time “O cavalry of Allah, mount!” was called was in the expedition against Banū Qurayẓah, which was before this one according to them. Muḥammad b. ʿUmar said: Al-Miqdād used to say: On the night of the raid, my horse would not stay still, striking repeatedly with its foreleg and neighing. I said, "By Allah, it has some matter," and I looked at its manger and found it full of fodder. I said, "It is thirsty," so I offered it water, but it did not want it. When dawn broke, I saddled it, put on my weapons, and went out to pray the dawn prayer with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. I saw nothing. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ entered his house, and I returned to my house, but the horse would not stay still. I took off its saddle and my weapons and lay down. Then someone came to me and said, "The horses have been called to alarm," so I went out. Ibn Isḥāq said: The first horseman after al-Miqdād to reach the Messenger of Allah ﷺ was from the Anṣār: ʿAbbād (with a doubled bāʾ) b. Bishr (with a kasrah on the bāʾ and a sukūn on the shīn), Saʿd (with a sukūn on the ʿayn) b. Zayd, Usayd (with a ḍammah on the first letter and a fatḥah on the second) b. Ẓuhayr (a diminutive of ẓahr, with a dotted ẓāʾ), Muḥriz (with a ḍammah on the mīm and a sukūn on the unpointed ḥāʾ, then a rāʾ with a kasrah, then a zāy) b. Naḍlah (with a nūn and a sukūn on the dotted ḍād), Rabīʿah b. Aktham (with a thāʾ of three dots), ʿUkkāshah (with a doubled or light kāf) b. Miḥṣan (with a kasrah on the mīm and a sukūn on the unpointed ḥāʾ), Abū ʿAyyāsh al-Zurraqī (with a yāʾ of two dots and a dotted shīn), and Abū Qatādah. When they gathered to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, he appointed Saʿd b. Zayd as their commander, then said, “Go out in pursuit of the people until I catch up with you with the rest of the men.” Muḥammad b. ʿUmar and Ibn Saʿd said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ tied a banner for al-Miqdād on his spear and said, “Go until the cavalry catch up with you, and I am right behind you.” They said: The established account among us is that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ appointed Saʿd b. Zayd al-Ashalī as commander of this detachment, but people attributed it to al-Miqdād because of Ḥassān's verse: “On the morning of the horsemen of al-Miqdād…” Saʿd b. Zayd reproached him, and he said, “The meter forced me to use al-Miqdād.” [The Messenger's advice to Abū ʿAyyāsh to give up his horse] The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, according to what reached me from men of Banū Zurayq, to Abū ʿAyyāsh: “O Abū ʿAyyāsh, would you give this horse to a man who is a better horseman than you, so that he can catch up with the people?” Abū ʿAyyāsh said: I said, “O Messenger of Allah, I am the best horseman of all people.” Then I struck the horse, and by Allah, it had not carried me fifty cubits before it threw me. I marveled that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, “Would you give it to one better than you,” while I said, “I am the best horseman of all people.” Men of Banū Zurayq claimed that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ gave Abū ʿAyyāsh's horse to Muʿādh b. Māʿiṣ or ʿĀʾidh b. Māʿiṣ b. Qays b. Khaladah, and he was the eighth. Some people count Salamah b. ʿAmr b. al-Akwaʿ as one of the eight and exclude Usayd b. Ẓuhayr, the brother of Banū Ḥārithah. Allah knows best which of these was the case. Salamah was not a horseman that day, but he was the first to catch up with the people on foot. The horsemen went out in pursuit of the people until they caught up with them. The first to reach the people was Muḥriz b. Naḍlah, who was called al-Akhram (with a sukūn on the dotted khāʾ and a rāʾ), and he was also called Qumayr (with a ḍammah on the qāf and a fatḥah on the mīm). When the alarm occurred, a horse belonging to Maḥmūd b. Maslamah bolted in the garden when it heard the neighing of the horses. It was a fine but unruly horse. Some women of Banū ʿAbd al-Ashhal said, when they saw the horse bolting in the garden with a palm trunk to which it was tethered: “O Qumayr, would you like to ride this horse? For it is as you see, and then you can catch up with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and the Muslims.” He said, “Yes.” So they gave it to him. He mounted it, and it was not long before he outstripped the other horses with its wild energy until he overtook the people. He stood before them and said, “Stop, O tribe of al-Lakīʿah, until those behind you from the Muhājirūn and the Anṣār catch up with you from your rear.” A man among them charged at him and killed him. The horse bolted and no one could catch it until it stopped at its tethering post among Banū ʿAbd al-Ashhal. Salamah b. al-Akwaʿ said: I did not leave my place until I saw the horsemen of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ threading through the trees. The first of them was al-Akhram al-Asadī, followed by Abū Qatādah, followed by al-Miqdād b. al-Aswad al-Kindī. The polytheists turned and fled. Salamah said: I descended from the mountain and took hold of the reins of al-Akhram's horse. I said, “O Akhram, beware of them lest they cut you off before the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and his companions catch up.” He said, “O Salamah, if you believe in Allah and the Last Day, and you know that Paradise is true and the Fire is true, then do not stand between me and martyrdom.” So I let him go. He met ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. ʿUyaynah. ʿAbd al-Raḥmān's horse stumbled with him, and ʿAbd al-Raḥmān thrust at him and killed him. He then moved onto his horse. Abū Qatādah, the horseman of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, caught up with ʿAbd al-Raḥmān, and they exchanged two thrusts. ʿAbd al-Raḥmān hamstrung Abū Qatādah's horse, and Abū Qatādah killed him. Abū Qatādah then moved onto the horse. Muḥammad b. ʿUmar narrated from Ṣāliḥ b. Kaysān: Muḥriz b. Naḍlah said the day before he met the enemy: “I saw the sky open for me until I entered the lowest heaven, until I reached the seventh heaven, then I reached the Lote Tree of the Utmost Boundary. It was said to me, ‘This is your station.’” He related it to Abū Bakr al-Ṣiddīq—who was one of the most skilled interpreters of dreams—and he said, “Rejoice in martyrdom.” He was killed one day after that. Salamah said: Then I set out running in pursuit of the people. By the One who honored his face, I did not see behind me any of the companions of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ or their dust. Before sunset they turned aside to a ravine with water called Dhū Qarad. They wanted to drink from it, but they saw me running behind them, so they turned away from it and ascended the mountain pass, the pass of Dhū Biʾr. The sun set, and I caught up with a man and shot at him, saying: Take it, and I am the son of al-Akwaʿ, Today is the day of the sucklings. He said: “May the mother of al-Akwaʿ be bereaved of a young camel this morning!” I said, “Yes, O enemy of yourself.” The one I shot at was on a young camel. I followed it with another arrow, and two arrows stuck in him. They left behind two horses, and I brought them, driving them to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. The killing of Ḥabīb b. ʿUyaynah. Ibn Isḥāq said: When the horses caught up with each other, Abū Qatādah killed Ḥabīb b. ʿUyaynah b. Ḥiṣn and covered him with his cloak, then he caught up with the people. Muḥammad b. ʿUmar and Ibn Saʿd said: Al-Miqdād b. ʿAmr killed Ḥabīb b. ʿUyaynah b. Ḥiṣn and Qirfah b. Mālik b. Ḥudhayfah b. Badr. Allah knows best. ʿUkkāshah b. Ḥiṣn caught up with Awbār and his son ʿAmr b. Awbār on one camel and pierced them both with his spear, killing them both. They recovered some of the milch camels. Al-Bayhaqī narrated from ʿAbd Allāh b. Abī Qatādah: Abū Qatādah bought his horse from some animals that had entered Madinah. Masʿadah al-Fazārī met him and said, “O Abū Qatādah, what is this horse?” Abū Qatādah said, “A horse I intend to keep with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ.” He said, “How easy your killing is, and how fierce your war!” Abū Qatādah said, “Indeed, I ask Allah—exalted is He—that you meet me while I am upon it.” He said, “Amen.” One day Abū Qatādah was feeding his horse dates in the corner of his cloak when it raised its head and pricked its ears. He said, “I swear by Allah, it has sensed the scent of horses.” His mother said to him, “By Allah, my son, we were never raided in the Jāhiliyyah, so how is it now that Allah has brought Muḥammad ﷺ?” Then the horse raised its head again and pricked its ears, and he said, “I swear by Allah, it has sensed the scent of horses.” He put on its saddle, saddled it, took his weapons, and set out until he came to a place called al-Zawrāʾ. A man from his companions met him and said, “O Abū Qatādah, your mount is galloping, and the milch camels have been taken! The Prophet ﷺ has gone in pursuit with his companions!” He said, “Where?” He pointed toward the pass. There was the Prophet ﷺ with a group of his companions sitting at Dhubāb. He spurred his mount and let it go. He passed by the Prophet ﷺ, who said to him, “Go on, O Abū Qatādah, may Allah accompany you.” Abū Qatādah said: I went out, and there was a man imitating me. It was not long before we came upon the army. He said to me, “O Abū Qatādah, what do you say? As for the people, we have no strength against them.” Abū Qatādah said to him, “You say that I will stand until the Messenger of Allah ﷺ comes; I want you to attack from one side and I will attack from another.” Abū Qatādah leaped and split the people. They shot at him with an arrow, and it struck his forehead. Abū Qatādah said: I pulled out my arrow, and I thought I had pulled out the iron head. I went on, and it was not long before a horseman appeared before me on a fine horse, wearing a helmet, and he fixed his gaze on me, but I could not fix mine on him. He said, “Allah has delivered you to me, O Abū Qatādah,” and he uncovered his face, with a blunt implement on his face, and behold, it was Masʿadah al-Fazārī. He said, “Which is dearer to you: striking with swords, thrusting with spears, or wrestling?” I said, “That is up to you.” He said, “Wrestling.” He swung his leg over his mount, and I swung my leg over mine. I hobbled my mount and my weapons to a tree, and he hobbled his mount and his weapons to a tree. Then we grappled, and it was not long before Allah—exalted is He—granted me victory over him. I found myself on his chest. By Allah, I was among the most worried of people about a man with a sword under his arm. I thought of getting up to take my sword, and he would get up to take his sword, and we were between two armies, and I feared one of them might attack. Then something touched my head, and we had been struggling until we reached Masʿadah's weapons. I reached for his sword, and when he saw that the sword was in my hand, he said, “O Abū Qatādah, spare me.” I said, “No, by Allah, until your mother enters the abyss.” He said, “Then who will care for the little girl?” I said, “The Fire.” Then I killed him and wrapped him in my cloak. I took his clothes and put them on, took his weapons, and mounted his horse. My horse had bolted when we grappled, so I returned to the army, and they hamstrung it. He said: Then I went on, and it was not long before I came upon his nephew with seventeen horsemen. He said: I signaled to them, and they stopped. When I approached them, I charged at them and thrust at his nephew with a thrust that broke his neck, and those with him fled. I kept the milch camels back with my spear. [Names of the Muslims' horses] Ibn Isḥāq said: The name of Maḥmūd's horse was Dhū al-Limmah. Ibn Hishām said: The name of Saʿd b. Zayd's horse was Lāḥiq; the name of al-Miqdād's horse was Baʿzajah, and it is also said Subḥah; the name of ʿUkkāshah b. Miḥṣan's horse was Dhū al-Limmah; the name of Abū Qatādah's horse was Ḥazwah; the horse of ʿAbbād b. Bishr was Lammāʿ; the horse of Usayd b. Ẓuhayr was Masnūn; and the horse of Abū ʿAyyāsh was Julwah. Ibn Isḥāq said: Some of those I do not suspect narrated to me from ʿAbd Allāh b. Kaʿb b. Mālik that Mujazziz was on a horse belonging to ʿUkkāshah b. Miḥṣan, called al-Janāḥ. Mujazziz was killed, and al-Janāḥ was taken as booty.
Grades by grader
No grade is recorded for this wording. Ask what scholars say about its grade