Tarikh (al-Tabari) 1255
The Expedition of Banu Qurayzah in the Year Five
ذِكْرُ قَسْمِ الْمَغْنَمِ وَبَيْعِهِ لَمَّا اجْتَمَعَتِ الْمَغَانِمُ أَمَرَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِالْمَتَاعِ فَبِيعَ فِيمَنْ يُرِيدُ، وَبِيعَ السَّبْيُ وَقُسِّمَتِ النَّخْلُ أَسْهُمًا، وَكَانَتِ الْخَيْلُ سِتَّةً وَثَلَاثِينَ فَرَسًا، فَأَسْهَمَ لِلْفَرَسِ بِسَهْمَيْنِ، وَلِصَاحِبِهِ سَهْمٌ، وَلِلرَّاجِلِ سَهْمٌ. وَقَادَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ ثَلَاثَةَ أَفْرَاسٍ فَلَمْ يَضْرِبْ إِلَّا سَهْمًا وَاحِدًا. وَأَسْهَمَ لِخَلَّادِ بْنِ سُوَيْدٍ وَقَدْ قُتِلَ تَحْتَ الْحِصْنِ، وَأَسْهَمَ لِأَبِي سِنَانِ بْنِ مِحْصَنٍ، مَاتَ وَرَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يُحَاصِرُهُمْ. وَكَانَ يُقَاتِلُ مَعَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ، وَكَانَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ ثَلَاثَةَ آلَافٍ، وَكَانَتْ سُهْمَانُ الْخَيْلِ وَالرِّجَالِ عَلَى ثَلَاثَةِ آلَافٍ وَاثْنَيْنِ وَسَبْعِينَ سَهْمًا، لِلْفَرَسِ سَهْمَانِ، وَلِصَاحِبِهِ سَهْمٌ وَكَانَ السَّبْيُ أَلْفًا مِنَ النِّسَاءِ وَالصِّبْيَانِ، فَأَخْرَجَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ خُمْسَهُ قَبْلَ بَيْعِ الْمَغْنَمِ، فَجَزَّأَ السَّبْيَ خَمْسَةَ أَجْزَاءٍ، فَأَخَذَ خُمْسًا، وَكَانَ يُعْتِقُ مِنْهُ وَيَهَبُ مِنْهُ، وَيَخْدِمُ مِنْهُ مَنْ أَرَادَ وَكَذَلِكَ النَّخْلُ عَزَلَ خُمْسَهُ، وَكُلُّ ذَلِكَ يُسْهِمُ عَلَيْهِ خَمْسَةَ أَجْزَاءٍ، وَيَكْتُبُ فِي سَهْمٍ مِنْهَا لِلَّهِ ثُمَّ يُخْرِجُ السَّهْمُ، فَحَيْثُ صَارَ سَهْمُهُ أَخَذَهُ وَلَمْ يَتَخَيَّرْ، وَصَارَ الْخُمْسُ إِلَى مَحْمِيَّةِ بْنِ جَزْءٍ الزَّبِيدِيِّ، ثُمَّ فَضَّ أَرْبَعَةَ أَسْهُمٍ عَلَى النَّاسِ وَأَحْذَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ النِّسَاءَ اللَّائِي حَضَرْنَ الْقِتَالَ وَلَمْ يُسْهِمْ لَهُنَّ، وَهُنَّ صَفِيَّةُ بِنْتُ عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ، وَأُمُّ عِمَارَةَ نَسِيبَةُ، وَأُمُّ سَلِيطٍ، وَأُمُّ الْعَلَاءِ الْأَنْصَارِيَّةُ، وَالسُّمَيْرَاءُ بِنْتُ قَيْسٍ، وَأُمُّ سَعْدِ بْنِ مُعَاذٍ، وَكَبْشَةُ بِنْتُ رَافِعٍ. وَلَمَّا بِيعَتِ السَّبَايَا وَالذُّرِّيَّةُ، بَعَثَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِطَائِفَةٍ - قَالَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عُمَرَ - إِلَى الشَّامِ مَعَ سَعْدِ بْنِ عُبَادَةَ يَبِيعُهُمْ وَيَشْتَرِي بِهِمْ سِلَاحًا وَخَيْلًا. وَقَالَ ابْنُ إِسْحَاقَ وَغَيْرُهُ: بَعَثَ سَعْدُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ الْأَنْصَارِيُّ الْأَشْهَلِيُّ بِسَبَايَا مِنْ بَنِي قُرَيْظَةَ إِلَى نَجْدٍ، فَابْتَاعَ لَهُمْ بِهَا خَيْلًا وَسِلَاحًا، وَاشْتَرَى عُثْمَانُ بْنُ عَفَّانَ وَعَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ عَوْفٍ ؓ طَائِفَةً فَاقْتَسَمَا، فَسَهَمَهُ عُثْمَانُ بِمَالٍ كَثِيرٍ، وَجَعَلَ عُثْمَانُ عَلَى كُلِّ مَنِ اشْتَرَاهُ مِنْ سَبْيِهِمْ شَيْئًا مُوفِيًا، فَكَانَ يُوجَدُ عِنْدَ الْعَجَائِزِ الْمَالُ وَلَا يُوجَدُ عِنْدَ الشَّوَابِّ فَرَبِحَ عُثْمَانُ مَالًا كَثِيرًا، وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ عُثْمَانَ صَارَ فِي سَهْمِهِ الْعَجَائِزُ، وَيُقَالُ لَمَّا قَسَمَ جَعَلَ الشَّوَابَّ عَلَى حِدَةٍ وَالْعَجَائِزَ عَلَى حِدَةٍ، ثُمَّ خَيَّرَ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ عُثْمَانَ، فَأَخَذَ الْعَجَائِزَ. قَالَ ابْنُ أَبِي سَبْرَةَ: وَإِنَّمَا لَمْ يُؤْخَذْ مَا جَاءَتْ بِهِ الْعَجَائِزُ فَيَكُونُ فِي الْغَنِيمَةِ لِأَنَّهُ لَمْ يُوجَدْ مَعَهُنَّ إِلَّا بَعْدَ شَهْرٍ أَوْ شَهْرَيْنِ، فَمَنْ جَاءَ مِنْهُنَّ بِالَّذِي وَقَّتَ لَهُنَّ عُتِقَ، فَلَمْ يَتَعَرَّضْ لَهُنَّ، وَاشْتَرَى أَبُو الشَّحْمِ الْيَهُودِيُّ امْرَأَتَيْنِ مَعَ كُلِّ وَاحِدَةٍ مِنْهُنَّ ثَلَاثَةُ أَطْفَالٍ بِمِائَةٍ وَخَمْسِينَ دِينَارًا، وَجَعَلَ يَقُولُ: أَلَسْتُمْ عَلَى دِينِ يَهُودَ ؟ فَتَقُولُ الْمَرْأَتَانِ: لَا نُفَارِقُ دِينَ قَوْمِنَا حَتَّى نَمُوتَ عَلَيْهِ، وَهُنَّ يَبْكِينَ. وَنَهَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَنْ يُفَرَّقَ فِي الْقَسْمِ وَالْبَيْعِ بَيْنَ النِّسَاءِ وَالذُّرِّيَّةِ وَقَالَ: «لَا يُفَارَقُ بَيْنَ الْأُمِّ وَوَلَدِهَا حَتَّى يَبْلُغَ». قِيلَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ وَمَا بُلُوغُهُ ؟ قَالَ: «تَحِيضُ الْجَارِيَةُ وَيَحْتَلِمُ الْغُلَامُ» وَكَانَتِ الْأُمُّ وَأَوْلَادُهَا الصِّغَارُ تُبَاعُ مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ مِنَ الْعَرَبِ وَمِنْ يَهُودَ. وَإِذَا كَانَ الْوَلَدُ صَغِيرًا لَيْسَ مَعَهُ أُمٌّ لَمْ يُبَعْ مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ وَلَا مِنَ الْيَهُودِ إِلَّا مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ. وَاسْتُشْهِدَ يَوْمَ بَنِي قُرَيْظَةَ خَلَّادُ بْنُ سَوَيْدٍ، وَمُنْذِرُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ.
Translation
✧ Mention of the division of the spoils and their sale When the spoils were gathered, the Messenger of God ﷺ ordered that the goods be sold to whoever wished, and the captives were sold, and the palm trees were divided into shares. The horses were thirty-six, so he allotted to a horse two shares, to its owner one share, and to a foot soldier one share. And the Messenger of God ﷺ led three horses, but he only took one share for himself. He allotted a share to Khallād b. Suwayd, who had been killed beneath the fortress, and he allotted a share to Abū Sinān b. Miḥṣan, who died while the Messenger of God ﷺ was besieging them. He had been fighting with the Muslims. The Muslims were three thousand, and the shares of the horses and men amounted to three thousand and seventy-two shares: for a horse two shares, and for its owner one share. The captives were a thousand women and children. The Messenger of God ﷺ took out his fifth before selling the spoils. He divided the captives into five parts and took one fifth; from it he would free some, give some as gifts, and assign some to serve whoever he wished. Likewise with the palm trees, he set aside his fifth. All of that he divided into five parts by lot, and he wrote on one of the shares: "For God." Then he drew the lot, and wherever his share fell, he took it without choosing. The fifth went to Maḥmiyya b. Jazʾ al-Zubaydī. Then he distributed the other four shares among the people. The Messenger of God ﷺ gave gifts to the women who had attended the fighting but did not allot them shares. They were Ṣafiyya bt. ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib, Umm ʿImāra Nusayba, Umm Sulayṭ, Umm al-ʿAlāʾ al-Anṣāriyya, al-Sumayrāʾ bt. Qays, Umm Saʿd b. Muʿādh, and Kabsha bt. Rāfiʿ. When the women and children captives were sold, the Messenger of God ﷺ sent a group—Muḥammad b. ʿUmar said—to Syria with Saʿd b. ʿUbāda to sell them and buy weapons and horses with their price. Ibn Isḥāq and others said: Saʿd b. Zayd al-Anṣārī al-Ashalī sent captives from Banū Qurayẓa to Najd and bought with them horses and weapons. ʿUthmān b. ʿAffān and ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. ʿAwf ؓ purchased a group and divided it between them, so ʿUthmān's share fell to him with great wealth. And ʿUthmān imposed on each of those he bought from their captives a specified amount, so the money was found with the old women and not found with the young women, and thus ʿUthmān profited greatly. That is because the old women fell to ʿUthmān's share. And it is said that when he divided, he put the young women apart and the old women apart, then ʿAbd al-Raḥmān gave ʿUthmān the choice, and he took the old women. Ibn Abī Sabra said: The reason what the old women brought was not taken and added to the booty is that it was not found with them until after a month or two. So whoever of them brought what had been set for them was freed, and no one interfered with them. Abū al-Shaḥm the Jew bought two women, each with three children, for one hundred and fifty dinars. He kept saying: "Are you not of the religion of the Jews?" The two women said: "We will not leave the religion of our people until we die upon it," and they wept. The Messenger of God ﷺ forbade separating between women and children in the division and sale, and he said: "A mother shall not be separated from her child until he reaches maturity." It was said: "O Messenger of God, what is his maturity?" He said: "The girl menstruates and the boy has a wet dream." A mother and her small children could be sold to the polytheists of the Arabs and to the Jews. But if a child was small and had no mother with him, he was not sold to the polytheists or to the Jews, but only to the Muslims. On the day of Banū Qurayẓa, Khallād b. Suwayd and Mundhir b. Muḥammad were martyred.
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