Tarikh (al-Tabari) 1244
The Expedition of Banu Qurayzah in the Year Five
ذِكْرُ مُحَاصَرَةِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ لِبَنِي قُرَيْظَةَ غَدَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ سَحَرًا، وَقَدَّمَ الرُّمَاةَ وَعَبَّأَ أَصْحَابَهُ فَأَحَاطُوا بِحُصُونِ يَهُودَ، وَرَمَوْهُمْ بِالنَّبْلِ وَالْحِجَارَةِ، وَهُمْ يَرْمُونَ مِنْ حُصُونِهِمْ حَتَّى أَمْسَوْا، فَبَاتُوا حَوْلَ الْحُصُونِ، وَجَعَلَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ يَعْتَقِبُونَ، يُعَقِّبُ بَعْضُهُمْ بَعْضًا، فَمَا بَرِحَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يُرَامِيهِمْ حَتَّى أَيْقَنُوا بِالْهَلَكَةِ، وَتَرَكُوا رَمْيَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ، وَقَالُوا: دَعُونَا نُكَلِّمْكُمْ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ: «نَعَمْ» فَأَنْزَلُوا نَبَّاشَ بْنَ قَيْسٍ، فَكَلَّمَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ - ﷺ عَلَى أَنْ يَنْزِلُوا عَلَى مَا نَزَلَتْ عَلَيْهِ بَنُو النَّضِيرِ مِنَ الْأَمْوَالِ وَالْحَلْقَةِ وَتَحْقِنُ دِمَاءَنَا، وَنَخْرُجُ مِنْ بِلَادِكَ بِالنِّسَاءِ وَالذَّرَارِيِّ، وَلَنَا مَا حَمَلَتِ الْإِبِلُ إِلَّا الْحَلْقَةَ، فَأَبَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ: تَحْقِنُ دِمَاءَنَا وَتُسَلِّمُ لَنَا النِّسَاءَ وَالذُّرِّيَّةَ وَلَا حَاجَةَ لَنَا فِيمَا حَمَلَتِ الْإِبِلُ، فَأَبَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِلَّا أَنْ يَنْزِلُوا عَلَى حُكْمِهِ، وَعَادَ نَبَّاشٌ إِلَيْهِمْ بِذَلِكَ. وَحَاصَرَهُمْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ خَمْسًا وَعِشْرِينَ لَيْلَةً، حَتَّى جَهَدَهُمْ الْحِصَارُ، وَقَذَفَ اللَّهُ فِي قُلُوبِهِمْ الرُّعْبَ. وَقَدْ كَانَ حُيَيُّ بْنُ أَخْطَبَ دَخَلَ مَعَ بَنِي قُرَيْظَةَ فِي حِصْنِهِمْ، حِينَ رَجَعَتْ عَنْهُمْ قُرَيْشٌ وَغَطَفَانُ، وَفَاءً لِكَعْبِ بْنِ أَسَدٍ بِمَا كَانَ عَاهَدَهُ عَلَيْهِ. فَلَمَّا أَيْقَنُوا بِأَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ غَيْرُ مُنْصَرِفٍ عَنْهُمْ حَتَّى يُنَاجِزَهُمْ، قَالَ كَعْبُ بْنُ أَسَدٍ لَهُمْ: يَا مَعْشَرَ يَهُودَ، قَدْ نَزَلَ بِكُمْ مِنْ الْأَمْرِ مَا تَرَوْنَ، وَإِنِّي عَارِضٌ عَلَيْكُمْ خِلَالًا ثَلَاثًا، فَخُذُوا أَيَّهَا شِئْتُمْ؛ قَالُوا: وَمَا هِيَ ؟ قَالَ: نُتَابِعُ هَذَا الرَّجُلَ وَنُصَدِّقُهُ فَوَاَللَّهِ لَقَدْ تَبَيَّنَ لَكُمْ أَنَّهُ لَنَبِيٌّ مُرْسَلٌ، وَأَنَّهُ لَلَّذِي تَجِدُونَهُ فِي كِتَابِكُمْ، فَتَأْمَنُونَ عَلَى دِمَائِكُمْ وَأَمْوَالِكُمْ وَأَبْنَائِكُمْ وَنِسَائِكُمْ. قَالُوا: لَا نُفَارِقُ حُكْمَ التَّوْرَاةِ أَبَدًا، وَلَا نَسْتَبْدِلُ بِهِ غَيْرَهُ؛ قَالَ: فَإِذَا أَبَيْتُمْ عَلَيَّ هَذِهِ، فَهَلُمَّ فَلْنَقْتُلْ أَبْنَاءَنَا وَنِسَاءَنَا ثُمَّ نَخْرُجُ إلَى مُحَمَّدٍ وَأَصْحَابِهِ رِجَالًا مُصْلِتِينَ السُّيُوفَ، لَمْ نَتْرُكْ وَرَاءَنَا ثَقَلًا، حَتَّى يَحْكُمَ اللَّهُ بَيْنَنَا وَبَيْنَ مُحَمَّدٍ، فَإِنْ نَهْلِكْ نَهْلِكُ، وَلَمْ نَتْرُكْ وَرَاءَنَا نَسْلًا نَخْشَى عَلَيْهِ، وَإِنْ نَظْهَرْ فَلَعَمْرِي لِنَجِدَنَّ النِّسَاءَ وَالْأَبْنَاءَ، قَالُوا: نَقْتُلُ هَؤُلَاءِ الْمَسَاكِينِ فَمَا خَيْرُ الْعَيْشِ بَعْدَهُمْ ؟ قَالَ: فَإِنْ أَبَيْتُمْ عَلَيَّ هَذِهِ، فَإِنَّ اللَّيْلَةَ لَيْلَةُ السَّبْتِ، وَإِنَّهُ عَسَى أَنْ يَكُونَ مُحَمَّدٌ وَأَصْحَابُهُ قَدْ أَمَّنُونَا فِيهَا، فَانْزِلُوا لَعَلَّنَا نُصِيبُ مِنْ مُحَمَّدٍ وَأَصْحَابِهِ غِرَّةً؛ قَالُوا: نُفْسِدُ سَبْتَنَا عَلَيْنَا، وَنُحْدِثُ فِيهِ مَا لَمْ يُحْدِثْ مَنْ كَانَ قَبْلَنَا إلَّا مَنْ قَدْ عَلِمْتُ، فَأَصَابَهُ مَا لَمْ يَخْفَ عَلَيْكَ مِنْ الْمَسْخِ قَالَ: مَا بَاتَ رَجُلٌ مِنْكُمْ مُنْذُ وَلَدَتْهُ أُمُّهُ لَيْلَةً وَاحِدَةً مِنْ الدَّهْرِ حَازِمًا.
Translation
✧ Mention of the Muslims' siege of Banū Qurayẓah The Messenger of God ﷺ went out at dawn, put the archers forward and arrayed his companions, and they surrounded the fortresses of the Jews. They shot at them with arrows and stones while they shot from their fortresses until evening came. Then they spent the night around the fortresses. The Muslims took turns, one group relieving another. The Messenger of God ﷺ did not cease shooting at them until they were certain of destruction and stopped shooting at the Muslims. They said: Let us speak with you. The Messenger of God ﷺ said: 'Yes.' So they sent down Nabbāsh b. Qays, and he spoke with the Messenger of God ﷺ on the basis that they would come down on the same terms as Banū al-Naḍīr had come down: the property and the armor, and that our blood be spared, and we depart from your land with the women and children, and we have what the camels carry except the armor. The Messenger of God ﷺ refused and said: Spare our blood and surrender the women and children to us; we have no need of what the camels carry. The Messenger of God ﷺ refused anything except that they come down subject to his judgment. Nabbāsh returned to them with that. The Messenger of God ﷺ besieged them for twenty-five nights until the siege exhausted them and God cast terror into their hearts. Ḥuyayy b. Akhṭab had entered with Banū Qurayẓah into their fortress when Quraysh and Ghaṭafān turned back from them, in fulfillment of what he had pledged to Kaʿb b. Asad. When they became certain that the Messenger of God ﷺ would not turn away from them until he fought them, Kaʿb b. Asad said to them: O assembly of Jews, you see what has befallen you. I am offering you three options; take whichever you wish. They said: What are they? He said: We follow this man and believe him, for by God it has become clear to you that he is a prophet sent by God and that he is the one you find in your Book. Then you will be secure in your blood, your wealth, your sons, and your women. They said: We will never abandon the rule of the Torah, nor exchange it for anything else. He said: If you reject this from me, then come, let us kill our sons and our women, then go out to Muḥammad and his companions as men with drawn swords, leaving behind no burden, until God judges between us and Muḥammad. If we perish, we perish without leaving behind offspring we fear for; and if we prevail, by my life, we shall find women and sons. They said: Shall we kill these poor ones? What good is life after them? He said: If you reject this from me, then tonight is the night of the Sabbath, and it may be that Muḥammad and his companions feel secure from us during it. So go down, perhaps we can catch Muḥammad and his companions off guard. They said: Shall we corrupt our Sabbath and introduce into it what none before us introduced except those you know, and what befell them of the metamorphosis is not hidden from you? He said: No man among you has spent a single night of his life, since his mother gave birth to him, resolute.
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